die("unable to write new_index file");
 
        fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&false_lock,
-                                      git_path("next-index-%d", getpid()), 1);
+                                      git_path("next-index-%d", getpid()),
+                                      LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 
        create_base_index();
        add_remove_files(&partial);
                active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
        if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
                              active_cache, active_nr, 0, 0) < 0) {
-               error("Error building trees");
+               error("Error building trees; the index is unmerged?");
                return 0;
        }