apply: tighten constness of line buffer
[gitweb.git] / builtin / checkout.c
index c5ab7835e1fe260b9ec61f216bf198011eabf6f7..e79003f5bffc8806ea6cfd67f866c3ee4e2f5c7d 100644 (file)
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const checkout_usage[] = {
        "git checkout [options] <branch>",
@@ -29,12 +31,19 @@ struct checkout_opts {
        int quiet;
        int merge;
        int force;
+       int force_detach;
        int writeout_stage;
        int writeout_error;
 
+       /* not set by parse_options */
+       int branch_exists;
+
        const char *new_branch;
+       const char *new_branch_force;
+       const char *new_orphan_branch;
        int new_branch_log;
        enum branch_track track;
+       struct diff_options diff_options;
 };
 
 static int post_checkout_hook(struct commit *old, struct commit *new,
@@ -63,7 +72,7 @@ static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
        hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
        memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
        memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len - baselen);
-       ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0);
+       ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0) | CE_UPDATE;
        ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
        add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
        return 0;
@@ -71,7 +80,10 @@ static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 
 static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
 {
-       read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, update_some, NULL);
+       struct pathspec ps;
+       init_pathspec(&ps, pathspec);
+       read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &ps, update_some, NULL);
+       free_pathspec(&ps);
 
        /* update the index with the given tree's info
         * for all args, expanding wildcards, and exit
@@ -96,21 +108,27 @@ static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
                        return 0;
                pos++;
        }
-       return error("path '%s' does not have %s version",
-                    ce->name,
-                    (stage == 2) ? "our" : "their");
+       if (stage == 2)
+               return error(_("path '%s' does not have our version"), ce->name);
+       else
+               return error(_("path '%s' does not have their version"), ce->name);
 }
 
-static int check_all_stages(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stages(unsigned stages, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
-       if (ce_stage(ce) != 1 ||
-           active_nr <= pos + 2 ||
-           strcmp(active_cache[pos+1]->name, ce->name) ||
-           ce_stage(active_cache[pos+1]) != 2 ||
-           strcmp(active_cache[pos+2]->name, ce->name) ||
-           ce_stage(active_cache[pos+2]) != 3)
-               return error("path '%s' does not have all three versions",
-                            ce->name);
+       unsigned seen = 0;
+       const char *name = ce->name;
+
+       while (pos < active_nr) {
+               ce = active_cache[pos];
+               if (strcmp(name, ce->name))
+                       break;
+               seen |= (1 << ce_stage(ce));
+               pos++;
+       }
+       if ((stages & seen) != stages)
+               return error(_("path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"),
+                            name);
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -123,27 +141,10 @@ static int checkout_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos,
                        return checkout_entry(active_cache[pos], state, NULL);
                pos++;
        }
-       return error("path '%s' does not have %s version",
-                    ce->name,
-                    (stage == 2) ? "our" : "their");
-}
-
-/* NEEDSWORK: share with merge-recursive */
-static void fill_mm(const unsigned char *sha1, mmfile_t *mm)
-{
-       unsigned long size;
-       enum object_type type;
-
-       if (!hashcmp(sha1, null_sha1)) {
-               mm->ptr = xstrdup("");
-               mm->size = 0;
-               return;
-       }
-
-       mm->ptr = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-       if (!mm->ptr || type != OBJ_BLOB)
-               die("unable to read blob object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-       mm->size = size;
+       if (stage == 2)
+               return error(_("path '%s' does not have our version"), ce->name);
+       else
+               return error(_("path '%s' does not have their version"), ce->name);
 }
 
 static int checkout_merged(int pos, struct checkout *state)
@@ -154,27 +155,40 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, struct checkout *state)
        int status;
        unsigned char sha1[20];
        mmbuffer_t result_buf;
+       unsigned char threeway[3][20];
+       unsigned mode = 0;
+
+       memset(threeway, 0, sizeof(threeway));
+       while (pos < active_nr) {
+               int stage;
+               stage = ce_stage(ce);
+               if (!stage || strcmp(path, ce->name))
+                       break;
+               hashcpy(threeway[stage - 1], ce->sha1);
+               if (stage == 2)
+                       mode = create_ce_mode(ce->ce_mode);
+               pos++;
+               ce = active_cache[pos];
+       }
+       if (is_null_sha1(threeway[1]) || is_null_sha1(threeway[2]))
+               return error(_("path '%s' does not have necessary versions"), path);
 
-       if (ce_stage(ce) != 1 ||
-           active_nr <= pos + 2 ||
-           strcmp(active_cache[pos+1]->name, path) ||
-           ce_stage(active_cache[pos+1]) != 2 ||
-           strcmp(active_cache[pos+2]->name, path) ||
-           ce_stage(active_cache[pos+2]) != 3)
-               return error("path '%s' does not have all 3 versions", path);
-
-       fill_mm(active_cache[pos]->sha1, &ancestor);
-       fill_mm(active_cache[pos+1]->sha1, &ours);
-       fill_mm(active_cache[pos+2]->sha1, &theirs);
+       read_mmblob(&ancestor, threeway[0]);
+       read_mmblob(&ours, threeway[1]);
+       read_mmblob(&theirs, threeway[2]);
 
-       status = ll_merge(&result_buf, path, &ancestor,
-                         &ours, "ours", &theirs, "theirs", 0);
+       /*
+        * NEEDSWORK: re-create conflicts from merges with
+        * merge.renormalize set, too
+        */
+       status = ll_merge(&result_buf, path, &ancestor, "base",
+                         &ours, "ours", &theirs, "theirs", NULL);
        free(ancestor.ptr);
        free(ours.ptr);
        free(theirs.ptr);
        if (status < 0 || !result_buf.ptr) {
                free(result_buf.ptr);
-               return error("path '%s': cannot merge", path);
+               return error(_("path '%s': cannot merge"), path);
        }
 
        /*
@@ -191,18 +205,16 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, struct checkout *state)
         */
        if (write_sha1_file(result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size,
                            blob_type, sha1))
-               die("Unable to add merge result for '%s'", path);
-       ce = make_cache_entry(create_ce_mode(active_cache[pos+1]->ce_mode),
-                             sha1,
-                             path, 2, 0);
+               die(_("Unable to add merge result for '%s'"), path);
+       ce = make_cache_entry(mode, sha1, path, 2, 0);
        if (!ce)
-               die("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'", path);
+               die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"), path);
        status = checkout_entry(ce, state, NULL);
        return status;
 }
 
 static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
-                         struct checkout_opts *opts)
+                         const char *prefix, struct checkout_opts *opts)
 {
        int pos;
        struct checkout state;
@@ -218,7 +230,7 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
 
        newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
        if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
-               return error("corrupt index file");
+               return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
        if (source_tree)
                read_tree_some(source_tree, pathspec);
@@ -229,10 +241,12 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
 
        for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
                struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+               if (source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+                       continue;
                match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, ps_matched);
        }
 
-       if (report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, 0))
+       if (report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix))
                return 1;
 
        /* "checkout -m path" to recreate conflicted state */
@@ -246,14 +260,14 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
                        if (!ce_stage(ce))
                                continue;
                        if (opts->force) {
-                               warning("path '%s' is unmerged", ce->name);
+                               warning(_("path '%s' is unmerged"), ce->name);
                        } else if (stage) {
                                errs |= check_stage(stage, ce, pos);
                        } else if (opts->merge) {
-                               errs |= check_all_stages(ce, pos);
+                               errs |= check_stages((1<<2) | (1<<3), ce, pos);
                        } else {
                                errs = 1;
-                               error("path '%s' is unmerged", ce->name);
+                               error(_("path '%s' is unmerged"), ce->name);
                        }
                        pos = skip_same_name(ce, pos) - 1;
                }
@@ -267,6 +281,8 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
        state.refresh_cache = 1;
        for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
                struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+               if (source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+                       continue;
                if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
                        if (!ce_stage(ce)) {
                                errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
@@ -282,7 +298,7 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
 
        if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
            commit_locked_index(lock_file))
-               die("unable to write new index file");
+               die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
        resolve_ref("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
        head = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
@@ -291,25 +307,24 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
        return errs;
 }
 
-static void show_local_changes(struct object *head)
+static void show_local_changes(struct object *head, struct diff_options *opts)
 {
        struct rev_info rev;
        /* I think we want full paths, even if we're in a subdirectory. */
        init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
-       rev.abbrev = 0;
+       rev.diffopt.flags = opts->flags;
        rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
        if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
-               die("diff_setup_done failed");
+               die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
        add_pending_object(&rev, head, NULL);
        run_diff_index(&rev, 0);
 }
 
-static void describe_detached_head(char *msg, struct commit *commit)
+static void describe_detached_head(const char *msg, struct commit *commit)
 {
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-       struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
        parse_commit(commit);
-       pretty_print_commit(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb, &ctx);
+       pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb);
        fprintf(stderr, "%s %s... %s\n", msg,
                find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV), sb.buf);
        strbuf_release(&sb);
@@ -373,7 +388,7 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
        int newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
 
        if (read_cache_preload(NULL) < 0)
-               return error("corrupt index file");
+               return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
        resolve_undo_clear();
        if (opts->force) {
@@ -390,12 +405,12 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                topts.src_index = &the_index;
                topts.dst_index = &the_index;
 
-               topts.msgs.not_uptodate_file = "You have local changes to '%s'; cannot switch branches.";
+               setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&topts, "checkout");
 
                refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 
                if (unmerged_cache()) {
-                       error("you need to resolve your current index first");
+                       error(_("you need to resolve your current index first"));
                        return 1;
                }
 
@@ -408,10 +423,10 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                topts.fn = twoway_merge;
                topts.dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*topts.dir));
                topts.dir->flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
-               topts.dir->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
+               setup_standard_excludes(topts.dir);
                tree = parse_tree_indirect(old->commit ?
                                           old->commit->object.sha1 :
-                                          (unsigned char *)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+                                          EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
                init_tree_desc(&trees[0], tree->buffer, tree->size);
                tree = parse_tree_indirect(new->commit->object.sha1);
                init_tree_desc(&trees[1], tree->buffer, tree->size);
@@ -450,6 +465,13 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                         */
 
                        add_files_to_cache(NULL, NULL, 0);
+                       /*
+                        * NEEDSWORK: carrying over local changes
+                        * when branches have different end-of-line
+                        * normalization (or clean+smudge rules) is
+                        * a pain; plumb in an option to set
+                        * o.renormalize?
+                        */
                        init_merge_options(&o);
                        o.verbosity = 0;
                        work = write_tree_from_memory(&o);
@@ -457,6 +479,7 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                        ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
+                       o.ancestor = old->name;
                        o.branch1 = new->name;
                        o.branch2 = "local";
                        merge_trees(&o, new->commit->tree, work,
@@ -469,10 +492,10 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 
        if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
            commit_locked_index(lock_file))
-               die("unable to write new index file");
+               die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
        if (!opts->force && !opts->quiet)
-               show_local_changes(&new->commit->object);
+               show_local_changes(&new->commit->object, &opts->diff_options);
 
        return 0;
 }
@@ -509,8 +532,29 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
        struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *old_desc;
        if (opts->new_branch) {
-               create_branch(old->name, opts->new_branch, new->name, 0,
-                             opts->new_branch_log, opts->track);
+               if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
+                       if (opts->new_branch_log && !log_all_ref_updates) {
+                               int temp;
+                               char log_file[PATH_MAX];
+                               char *ref_name = mkpath("refs/heads/%s", opts->new_orphan_branch);
+
+                               temp = log_all_ref_updates;
+                               log_all_ref_updates = 1;
+                               if (log_ref_setup(ref_name, log_file, sizeof(log_file))) {
+                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"),
+                                           opts->new_orphan_branch);
+                                       log_all_ref_updates = temp;
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                               log_all_ref_updates = temp;
+                       }
+               }
+               else
+                       create_branch(old->name, opts->new_branch, new->name,
+                                     opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
+                                     opts->new_branch_log,
+                                     opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
+                                     opts->track);
                new->name = opts->new_branch;
                setup_branch_path(new);
        }
@@ -521,32 +565,151 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
        strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
                    old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
 
-       if (new->path) {
-               create_symref("HEAD", new->path, msg.buf);
-               if (!opts->quiet) {
-                       if (old->path && !strcmp(new->path, old->path))
-                               fprintf(stderr, "Already on '%s'\n",
-                                       new->name);
-                       else
-                               fprintf(stderr, "Switched to%s branch '%s'\n",
-                                       opts->new_branch ? " a new" : "",
-                                       new->name);
-               }
-       } else if (strcmp(new->name, "HEAD")) {
+       if (!strcmp(new->name, "HEAD") && !new->path && !opts->force_detach) {
+               /* Nothing to do. */
+       } else if (opts->force_detach || !new->path) {  /* No longer on any branch. */
                update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", new->commit->object.sha1, NULL,
                           REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
                if (!opts->quiet) {
                        if (old->path && advice_detached_head)
                                detach_advice(old->path, new->name);
-                       describe_detached_head("HEAD is now at", new->commit);
+                       describe_detached_head(_("HEAD is now at"), new->commit);
+               }
+       } else if (new->path) { /* Switch branches. */
+               create_symref("HEAD", new->path, msg.buf);
+               if (!opts->quiet) {
+                       if (old->path && !strcmp(new->path, old->path)) {
+                               if (opts->new_branch_force)
+                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Reset branch '%s'\n"),
+                                               new->name);
+                               else
+                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Already on '%s'\n"),
+                                               new->name);
+                       } else if (opts->new_branch) {
+                               if (opts->branch_exists)
+                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"), new->name);
+                               else
+                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"), new->name);
+                       } else {
+                               fprintf(stderr, _("Switched to branch '%s'\n"),
+                                       new->name);
+                       }
+               }
+               if (old->path && old->name) {
+                       char log_file[PATH_MAX], ref_file[PATH_MAX];
+
+                       git_snpath(log_file, sizeof(log_file), "logs/%s", old->path);
+                       git_snpath(ref_file, sizeof(ref_file), "%s", old->path);
+                       if (!file_exists(ref_file) && file_exists(log_file))
+                               remove_path(log_file);
                }
        }
        remove_branch_state();
        strbuf_release(&msg);
-       if (!opts->quiet && (new->path || !strcmp(new->name, "HEAD")))
+       if (!opts->quiet &&
+           (new->path || (!opts->force_detach && !strcmp(new->name, "HEAD"))))
                report_tracking(new);
 }
 
+static int add_pending_uninteresting_ref(const char *refname,
+                                        const unsigned char *sha1,
+                                        int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+       add_pending_sha1(cb_data, refname, sha1, flags | UNINTERESTING);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void describe_one_orphan(struct strbuf *sb, struct commit *commit)
+{
+       parse_commit(commit);
+       strbuf_addstr(sb, "  ");
+       strbuf_addstr(sb,
+               find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+       strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
+       pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, sb);
+       strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+}
+
+#define ORPHAN_CUTOFF 4
+static void suggest_reattach(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+       struct commit *c, *last = NULL;
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+       int lost = 0;
+       while ((c = get_revision(revs)) != NULL) {
+               if (lost < ORPHAN_CUTOFF)
+                       describe_one_orphan(&sb, c);
+               last = c;
+               lost++;
+       }
+       if (ORPHAN_CUTOFF < lost) {
+               int more = lost - ORPHAN_CUTOFF;
+               if (more == 1)
+                       describe_one_orphan(&sb, last);
+               else
+                       strbuf_addf(&sb, _(" ... and %d more.\n"), more);
+       }
+
+       fprintf(stderr,
+               Q_(
+               /* The singular version */
+               "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, "
+               "not connected to\n"
+               "any of your branches:\n\n"
+               "%s\n",
+               /* The plural version */
+               "Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, "
+               "not connected to\n"
+               "any of your branches:\n\n"
+               "%s\n",
+               /* Give ngettext() the count */
+               lost),
+               lost,
+               sb.buf);
+       strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+       if (advice_detached_head)
+               fprintf(stderr,
+                       _(
+                       "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, "
+                       "this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
+                       " git branch new_branch_name %s\n\n"),
+                       sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are about to leave commit that was at the tip of a detached
+ * HEAD.  If it is not reachable from any ref, this is the last chance
+ * for the user to do so without resorting to reflog.
+ */
+static void orphaned_commit_warning(struct commit *commit)
+{
+       struct rev_info revs;
+       struct object *object = &commit->object;
+       struct object_array refs;
+
+       init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+       setup_revisions(0, NULL, &revs, NULL);
+
+       object->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
+       add_pending_object(&revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+
+       for_each_ref(add_pending_uninteresting_ref, &revs);
+
+       refs = revs.pending;
+       revs.leak_pending = 1;
+
+       if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+               die(_("internal error in revision walk"));
+       if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+               suggest_reattach(commit, &revs);
+       else
+               describe_detached_head(_("Previous HEAD position was"), commit);
+
+       clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(&refs, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+       free(refs.objects);
+}
+
 static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
 {
        int ret = 0;
@@ -554,10 +717,12 @@ static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
        unsigned char rev[20];
        int flag;
        memset(&old, 0, sizeof(old));
-       old.path = resolve_ref("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
+       old.path = xstrdup(resolve_ref("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag));
        old.commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
-       if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
+       if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF)) {
+               free((char *)old.path);
                old.path = NULL;
+       }
 
        if (old.path && !prefixcmp(old.path, "refs/heads/"))
                old.name = old.path + strlen("refs/heads/");
@@ -566,7 +731,7 @@ static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
                new->name = "HEAD";
                new->commit = old.commit;
                if (!new->commit)
-                       die("You are on a branch yet to be born");
+                       die(_("You are on a branch yet to be born"));
                parse_commit(new->commit);
        }
 
@@ -574,23 +739,28 @@ static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       /*
-        * If we were on a detached HEAD, but have now moved to
-        * a new commit, we want to mention the old commit once more
-        * to remind the user that it might be lost.
-        */
        if (!opts->quiet && !old.path && old.commit && new->commit != old.commit)
-               describe_detached_head("Previous HEAD position was", old.commit);
+               orphaned_commit_warning(old.commit);
 
        update_refs_for_switch(opts, &old, new);
 
        ret = post_checkout_hook(old.commit, new->commit, 1);
+       free((char *)old.path);
        return ret || opts->writeout_error;
 }
 
 static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-       return git_xmerge_config(var, value, cb);
+       if (!strcmp(var, "diff.ignoresubmodules")) {
+               struct checkout_opts *opts = cb;
+               handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&opts->diff_options, value);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+               return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
+
+       return git_xmerge_config(var, value, NULL);
 }
 
 static int interactive_checkout(const char *revision, const char **pathspec,
@@ -626,7 +796,8 @@ static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
 {
-       struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { name, NULL, 1 };
+       struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, 1 };
+       cb_data.name = name;
        for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
        if (cb_data.unique)
                return cb_data.remote;
@@ -634,28 +805,145 @@ static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
        return NULL;
 }
 
+static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
+                               int dwim_new_local_branch_ok,
+                               struct branch_info *new,
+                               struct tree **source_tree,
+                               unsigned char rev[20],
+                               const char **new_branch)
+{
+       int argcount = 0;
+       unsigned char branch_rev[20];
+       const char *arg;
+       int has_dash_dash;
+
+       /*
+        * case 1: git checkout <ref> -- [<paths>]
+        *
+        *   <ref> must be a valid tree, everything after the '--' must be
+        *   a path.
+        *
+        * case 2: git checkout -- [<paths>]
+        *
+        *   everything after the '--' must be paths.
+        *
+        * case 3: git checkout <something> [<paths>]
+        *
+        *   With no paths, if <something> is a commit, that is to
+        *   switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
+        *   if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
+        *   omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
+        *   between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
+        *
+        *   With no paths, if <something> is _not_ a commit, no -t nor -b
+        *   was given, and there is a tracking branch whose name is
+        *   <something> in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand
+        *   to fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
+        *
+        *   Otherwise <something> shall not be ambiguous.
+        *   - If it's *only* a reference, treat it like case (1).
+        *   - If it's only a path, treat it like case (2).
+        *   - else: fail.
+        *
+        */
+       if (!argc)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--"))     /* case (2) */
+               return 1;
+
+       arg = argv[0];
+       has_dash_dash = (argc > 1) && !strcmp(argv[1], "--");
+
+       if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
+               arg = "@{-1}";
+
+       if (get_sha1_mb(arg, rev)) {
+               if (has_dash_dash)          /* case (1) */
+                       die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
+               if (dwim_new_local_branch_ok &&
+                   !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
+                   argc == 1) {
+                       const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
+                       if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
+                               return argcount;
+                       *new_branch = arg;
+                       arg = remote;
+                       /* DWIMmed to create local branch */
+               } else {
+                       return argcount;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* we can't end up being in (2) anymore, eat the argument */
+       argcount++;
+       argv++;
+       argc--;
+
+       new->name = arg;
+       setup_branch_path(new);
+
+       if (!check_refname_format(new->path, 0) &&
+           resolve_ref(new->path, branch_rev, 1, NULL))
+               hashcpy(rev, branch_rev);
+       else
+               new->path = NULL; /* not an existing branch */
+
+       new->commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
+       if (!new->commit) {
+               /* not a commit */
+               *source_tree = parse_tree_indirect(rev);
+       } else {
+               parse_commit(new->commit);
+               *source_tree = new->commit->tree;
+       }
+
+       if (!*source_tree)                   /* case (1): want a tree */
+               die(_("reference is not a tree: %s"), arg);
+       if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3 -> 1) */
+               /*
+                * Do not complain the most common case
+                *      git checkout branch
+                * even if there happen to be a file called 'branch';
+                * it would be extremely annoying.
+                */
+               if (argc)
+                       verify_non_filename(NULL, arg);
+       } else {
+               argcount++;
+               argv++;
+               argc--;
+       }
+
+       return argcount;
+}
+
 int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
        struct checkout_opts opts;
        unsigned char rev[20];
-       const char *arg;
        struct branch_info new;
        struct tree *source_tree = NULL;
        char *conflict_style = NULL;
        int patch_mode = 0;
        int dwim_new_local_branch = 1;
        struct option options[] = {
-               OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet),
-               OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "new branch", "branch"),
-               OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, "log for new branch"),
-               OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, "track",
+               OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
+               OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "branch",
+                          "create and checkout a new branch"),
+               OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, "branch",
+                          "create/reset and checkout a branch"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, "create reflog for new branch"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, "detach the HEAD at named commit"),
+               OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, "set upstream info for new branch",
                        BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
-               OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, "stage",
+               OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, "new branch", "new unparented branch"),
+               OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout our version for unmerged files",
                            2),
-               OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, "stage",
+               OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout their version for unmerged files",
                            3),
-               OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &opts.force, "force"),
-               OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, "merge"),
+               OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"),
                OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, "style",
                           "conflict style (merge or diff3)"),
                OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
@@ -664,145 +952,92 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
                OPT_END(),
        };
-       int has_dash_dash;
 
        memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
        memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));
 
-       git_config(git_checkout_config, NULL);
+       gitmodules_config();
+       git_config(git_checkout_config, &opts);
 
        opts.track = BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED;
 
        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, checkout_usage,
                             PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
+       /* we can assume from now on new_branch = !new_branch_force */
+       if (opts.new_branch && opts.new_branch_force)
+               die(_("-B cannot be used with -b"));
+
+       /* copy -B over to -b, so that we can just check the latter */
+       if (opts.new_branch_force)
+               opts.new_branch = opts.new_branch_force;
+
        if (patch_mode && (opts.track > 0 || opts.new_branch
-                          || opts.new_branch_log || opts.merge || opts.force))
-               die ("--patch is incompatible with all other options");
+                          || opts.new_branch_log || opts.merge || opts.force
+                          || opts.force_detach))
+               die (_("--patch is incompatible with all other options"));
+
+       if (opts.force_detach && (opts.new_branch || opts.new_orphan_branch))
+               die(_("--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"));
+       if (opts.force_detach && 0 < opts.track)
+               die(_("--detach cannot be used with -t"));
 
        /* --track without -b should DWIM */
        if (0 < opts.track && !opts.new_branch) {
                const char *argv0 = argv[0];
                if (!argc || !strcmp(argv0, "--"))
-                       die ("--track needs a branch name");
+                       die (_("--track needs a branch name"));
                if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "refs/"))
                        argv0 += 5;
                if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "remotes/"))
                        argv0 += 8;
                argv0 = strchr(argv0, '/');
                if (!argv0 || !argv0[1])
-                       die ("Missing branch name; try -b");
+                       die (_("Missing branch name; try -b"));
                opts.new_branch = argv0 + 1;
        }
 
+       if (opts.new_orphan_branch) {
+               if (opts.new_branch)
+                       die(_("--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"));
+               if (opts.track > 0)
+                       die(_("--orphan cannot be used with -t"));
+               opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
+       }
+
        if (conflict_style) {
                opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
                git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
        }
 
        if (opts.force && opts.merge)
-               die("git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible");
+               die(_("git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"));
 
        /*
-        * case 1: git checkout <ref> -- [<paths>]
+        * Extract branch name from command line arguments, so
+        * all that is left is pathspecs.
         *
-        *   <ref> must be a valid tree, everything after the '--' must be
-        *   a path.
+        * Handle
         *
-        * case 2: git checkout -- [<paths>]
-        *
-        *   everything after the '--' must be paths.
-        *
-        * case 3: git checkout <something> [<paths>]
-        *
-        *   With no paths, if <something> is a commit, that is to
-        *   switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
-        *   if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
-        *   omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
-        *   between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
-        *
-        *   With no paths, if <something> is _not_ a commit, no -t nor -b
-        *   was given, and there is a tracking branch whose name is
-        *   <something> in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand
-        *   to fork local <something> from that remote tracking branch.
-        *
-        *   Otherwise <something> shall not be ambiguous.
-        *   - If it's *only* a reference, treat it like case (1).
-        *   - If it's only a path, treat it like case (2).
-        *   - else: fail.
+        *  1) git checkout <tree> -- [<paths>]
+        *  2) git checkout -- [<paths>]
+        *  3) git checkout <something> [<paths>]
         *
+        * including "last branch" syntax and DWIM-ery for names of
+        * remote branches, erroring out for invalid or ambiguous cases.
         */
        if (argc) {
-               if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {       /* case (2) */
-                       argv++;
-                       argc--;
-                       goto no_reference;
-               }
-
-               arg = argv[0];
-               has_dash_dash = (argc > 1) && !strcmp(argv[1], "--");
-
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
-                       arg = "@{-1}";
-
-               if (get_sha1_mb(arg, rev)) {
-                       if (has_dash_dash)          /* case (1) */
-                               die("invalid reference: %s", arg);
-                       if (!patch_mode &&
-                           dwim_new_local_branch &&
-                           opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED &&
-                           !opts.new_branch &&
-                           !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
-                           argc == 1) {
-                               const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
-                               if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
-                                       goto no_reference;
-                               opts.new_branch = arg;
-                               arg = remote;
-                               /* DWIMmed to create local branch */
-                       }
-                       else
-                               goto no_reference;
-               }
-
-               /* we can't end up being in (2) anymore, eat the argument */
-               argv++;
-               argc--;
-
-               new.name = arg;
-               if ((new.commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1))) {
-                       setup_branch_path(&new);
-
-                       if ((check_ref_format(new.path) == CHECK_REF_FORMAT_OK) &&
-                           resolve_ref(new.path, rev, 1, NULL))
-                               ;
-                       else
-                               new.path = NULL;
-                       parse_commit(new.commit);
-                       source_tree = new.commit->tree;
-               } else
-                       source_tree = parse_tree_indirect(rev);
-
-               if (!source_tree)                   /* case (1): want a tree */
-                       die("reference is not a tree: %s", arg);
-               if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3 -> 1) */
-                       /*
-                        * Do not complain the most common case
-                        *      git checkout branch
-                        * even if there happen to be a file called 'branch';
-                        * it would be extremely annoying.
-                        */
-                       if (argc)
-                               verify_non_filename(NULL, arg);
-               }
-               else {
-                       argv++;
-                       argc--;
-               }
+               int dwim_ok =
+                       !patch_mode &&
+                       dwim_new_local_branch &&
+                       opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED &&
+                       !opts.new_branch;
+               int n = parse_branchname_arg(argc, argv, dwim_ok,
+                               &new, &source_tree, rev, &opts.new_branch);
+               argv += n;
+               argc -= n;
        }
 
-no_reference:
-
        if (opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
                opts.track = git_branch_track;
 
@@ -810,7 +1045,7 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
 
                if (!pathspec)
-                       die("invalid path specification");
+                       die(_("invalid path specification"));
 
                if (patch_mode)
                        return interactive_checkout(new.name, pathspec, &opts);
@@ -818,16 +1053,19 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                /* Checkout paths */
                if (opts.new_branch) {
                        if (argc == 1) {
-                               die("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\nDid you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?", argv[0]);
+                               die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\nDid you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"), argv[0]);
                        } else {
-                               die("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.");
+                               die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."));
                        }
                }
 
+               if (opts.force_detach)
+                       die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"));
+
                if (1 < !!opts.writeout_stage + !!opts.force + !!opts.merge)
-                       die("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\nchecking out of the index.");
+                       die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\nchecking out of the index."));
 
-               return checkout_paths(source_tree, pathspec, &opts);
+               return checkout_paths(source_tree, pathspec, prefix, &opts);
        }
 
        if (patch_mode)
@@ -835,19 +1073,19 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
        if (opts.new_branch) {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-               if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(&buf, opts.new_branch))
-                       die("git checkout: we do not like '%s' as a branch name.",
-                           opts.new_branch);
-               if (!get_sha1(buf.buf, rev))
-                       die("git checkout: branch %s already exists", opts.new_branch);
+
+               opts.branch_exists = validate_new_branchname(opts.new_branch, &buf,
+                                                            !!opts.new_branch_force,
+                                                            !!opts.new_branch_force);
+
                strbuf_release(&buf);
        }
 
        if (new.name && !new.commit) {
-               die("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit.");
+               die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."));
        }
        if (opts.writeout_stage)
-               die("--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches.");
+               die(_("--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."));
 
        return switch_branches(&opts, &new);
 }