--------
[verse]
'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--onto <newbase>]
- <upstream> [<branch>]
+ [<upstream>] [<branch>]
'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] --onto <newbase>
--root [<branch>]
-
'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort
DESCRIPTION
`git checkout <branch>` before doing anything else. Otherwise
it remains on the current branch.
+If <upstream> is not specified, the upstream configured in
+branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options will be used; see
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details. If you are currently not on any
+branch or if the current branch does not have a configured upstream,
+the rebase will abort.
+
All changes made by commits in the current branch but that are not
in <upstream> are saved to a temporary area. This is the same set
of commits that would be shown by `git log <upstream>..HEAD` (or
It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being
completely automatic. You will have to resolve any such merge failure
and run `git rebase --continue`. Another option is to bypass the commit
-that caused the merge failure with `git rebase --skip`. To restore the
+that caused the merge failure with `git rebase --skip`. To check out the
original <branch> and remove the .git/rebase-apply working files, use the
command `git rebase --abort` instead.
D---E---F---G master
------------
-The latter form is just a short-hand of `git checkout topic`
-followed by `git rebase master`.
+*NOTE:* The latter form is just a short-hand of `git checkout topic`
+followed by `git rebase master`. When rebase exits `topic` will
+remain the checked-out branch.
If the upstream branch already contains a change you have made (e.g.,
because you mailed a patch which was applied upstream), then that commit
Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
rebase. False by default.
+rebase.autosquash::
+ If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
+
OPTIONS
-------
<newbase>::
--onto option is not specified, the starting point is
<upstream>. May be any valid commit, and not just an
existing branch name.
++
+As a special case, you may use "A\...B" as a shortcut for the
+merge base of A and B if there is exactly one merge base. You can
+leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD.
<upstream>::
Upstream branch to compare against. May be any valid commit,
- not just an existing branch name.
+ not just an existing branch name. Defaults to the configured
+ upstream for the current branch.
<branch>::
Working branch; defaults to HEAD.
Restart the rebasing process after having resolved a merge conflict.
--abort::
- Restore the original branch and abort the rebase operation.
+ Abort the rebase operation and reset HEAD to the original
+ branch. If <branch> was provided when the rebase operation was
+ started, then HEAD will be reset to <branch>. Otherwise HEAD
+ will be reset to where it was when the rebase operation was
+ started.
--skip::
Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch.
the 'ours' strategy simply discards all patches from the <branch>,
which makes little sense.
+-X <strategy-option>::
+--strategy-option=<strategy-option>::
+ Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy.
+ This implies `\--merge` and, if no strategy has been
+ specified, `-s recursive`. Note the reversal of 'ours' and
+ 'theirs' as noted in above for the `-m` option.
+
-q::
--quiet::
Be quiet. Implies --no-stat.
--no-verify::
This option bypasses the pre-rebase hook. See also linkgit:githooks[5].
+--verify::
+ Allows the pre-rebase hook to run, which is the default. This option can
+ be used to override --no-verify. See also linkgit:githooks[5].
+
-C<n>::
Ensure at least <n> lines of surrounding context match before
and after each change. When fewer lines of surrounding
-f::
--force-rebase::
Force the rebase even if the current branch is a descendant
- of the commit you are rebasing onto. Normally the command will
+ of the commit you are rebasing onto. Normally non-interactive rebase will
exit with the message "Current branch is up to date" in such a
situation.
+ Incompatible with the --interactive option.
++
+You may find this (or --no-ff with an interactive rebase) helpful after
+reverting a topic branch merge, as this option recreates the topic branch with
+fresh commits so it can be remerged successfully without needing to "revert
+the reversion" (see the
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
--ignore-whitespace::
--whitespace=<option>::
--ignore-date::
These flags are passed to 'git am' to easily change the dates
of the rebased commits (see linkgit:git-am[1]).
+ Incompatible with the --interactive option.
-i::
--interactive::
-p::
--preserve-merges::
Instead of ignoring merges, try to recreate them.
++
+This uses the `--interactive` machinery internally, but combining it
+with the `--interactive` option explicitly is generally not a good
+idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below).
+
--root::
Rebase all commits reachable from <branch>, instead of
instead.
--autosquash::
+--no-autosquash::
When the commit log message begins with "squash! ..." (or
"fixup! ..."), and there is a commit whose title begins with
the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i
commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved
commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).
+
-This option is only valid when '--interactive' option is used.
+This option is only valid when the '--interactive' option is used.
++
+If the '--autosquash' option is enabled by default using the
+configuration variable `rebase.autosquash`, this option can be
+used to override and disable this setting.
+
+--no-ff::
+ With --interactive, cherry-pick all rebased commits instead of
+ fast-forwarding over the unchanged ones. This ensures that the
+ entire history of the rebased branch is composed of new commits.
++
+Without --interactive, this is a synonym for --force-rebase.
++
+You may find this helpful after reverting a topic branch merge, as this option
+recreates the topic branch with fresh commits so it can be remerged
+successfully without needing to "revert the reversion" (see the
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
include::merge-strategies.txt[]
where point 2. consists of several instances of
-a. regular use
+a) regular use
+
1. finish something worthy of a commit
2. commit
-b. independent fixup
+
+b) independent fixup
+
1. realize that something does not work
2. fix that
3. commit it
$ git rebase -i -p --onto Q O
-----------------------------
+Reordering and editing commits usually creates untested intermediate
+steps. You may want to check that your history editing did not break
+anything by running a test, or at least recompiling at intermediate
+points in history by using the "exec" command (shortcut "x"). You may
+do so by creating a todo list like this one:
+
+-------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee Implement feature XXX
+fixup f1a5c00 Fix to feature XXX
+exec make
+pick c0ffeee The oneline of the next commit
+edit deadbab The oneline of the commit after
+exec cd subdir; make test
+...
+-------------------------------------------
+
+The interactive rebase will stop when a command fails (i.e. exits with
+non-0 status) to give you an opportunity to fix the problem. You can
+continue with `git rebase --continue`.
+
+The "exec" command launches the command in a shell (the one specified
+in `$SHELL`, or the default shell if `$SHELL` is not set), so you can
+use shell features (like "cd", ">", ";" ...). The command is run from
+the root of the working tree.
SPLITTING COMMITS
-----------------
'everyone' downstream from 'topic' will now have to perform a "hard
case" recovery too!
+BUGS
+----
+The todo list presented by `--preserve-merges --interactive` does not
+represent the topology of the revision graph. Editing commits and
+rewording their commit messages should work fine, but attempts to
+reorder commits tend to produce counterintuitive results.
-Authors
-------
-Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and
-Johannes E. Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
-
-Documentation
---------------
-Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+For example, an attempt to rearrange
+------------
+1 --- 2 --- 3 --- 4 --- 5
+------------
+to
+------------
+1 --- 2 --- 4 --- 3 --- 5
+------------
+by moving the "pick 4" line will result in the following history:
+------------
+ 3
+ /
+1 --- 2 --- 4 --- 5
+------------
GIT
---