t/lib-git-svn.sh: improve svnserve tests with parallel make test
[gitweb.git] / submodule.c
index 7d70c4f7bfe2749953726fecb27144a9588a326f..63e7094e1620c2c3eb7dda0a8c38a833ae2d1c5a 100644 (file)
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "repository.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "thread-utils.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int config_update_recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
+static struct string_list changed_submodule_paths = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static int initialized_fetch_ref_tips;
+static struct oid_array ref_tips_before_fetch;
+static struct oid_array ref_tips_after_fetch;
+
+/*
+ * Check if the .gitmodules file is unmerged. Parsing of the .gitmodules file
+ * will be disabled because we can't guess what might be configured in
+ * .gitmodules unless the user resolves the conflict.
+ */
+int is_gitmodules_unmerged(const struct index_state *istate)
+{
+       int pos = index_name_pos(istate, GITMODULES_FILE, strlen(GITMODULES_FILE));
+       if (pos < 0) { /* .gitmodules not found or isn't merged */
+               pos = -1 - pos;
+               if (istate->cache_nr > pos) {  /* there is a .gitmodules */
+                       const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[pos];
+                       if (ce_namelen(ce) == strlen(GITMODULES_FILE) &&
+                           !strcmp(ce->name, GITMODULES_FILE))
+                               return 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the .gitmodules file has unstaged modifications.  This must be
+ * checked before allowing modifications to the .gitmodules file with the
+ * intention to stage them later, because when continuing we would stage the
+ * modifications the user didn't stage herself too. That might change in a
+ * future version when we learn to stage the changes we do ourselves without
+ * staging any previous modifications.
+ */
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(const struct index_state *istate)
+{
+       int pos = index_name_pos(istate, GITMODULES_FILE, strlen(GITMODULES_FILE));
+
+       if ((pos >= 0) && (pos < istate->cache_nr)) {
+               struct stat st;
+               if (lstat(GITMODULES_FILE, &st) == 0 &&
+                   ce_match_stat(istate->cache[pos], &st, 0) & DATA_CHANGED)
+                       return 0;
+       }
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
+static int for_each_remote_ref_submodule(const char *submodule,
+                                        each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+       return refs_for_each_remote_ref(get_submodule_ref_store(submodule),
+                                       fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to update the "path" entry in the "submodule.<name>" section of the
+ * .gitmodules file. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<oldpath> setting was found and we could update it.
+ */
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{
+       struct strbuf entry = STRBUF_INIT;
+       const struct submodule *submodule;
+
+       if (!file_exists(GITMODULES_FILE)) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+               return -1;
+
+       if (is_gitmodules_unmerged(&the_index))
+               die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+       submodule = submodule_from_path(&null_oid, oldpath);
+       if (!submodule || !submodule->name) {
+               warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), oldpath);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       strbuf_addstr(&entry, "submodule.");
+       strbuf_addstr(&entry, submodule->name);
+       strbuf_addstr(&entry, ".path");
+       if (git_config_set_in_file_gently(GITMODULES_FILE, entry.buf, newpath) < 0) {
+               /* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+               warning(_("Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"), entry.buf);
+               strbuf_release(&entry);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       strbuf_release(&entry);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to remove the "submodule.<name>" section from .gitmodules where the given
+ * path is configured. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<path> setting was found and we could remove it.
+ */
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path)
+{
+       struct strbuf sect = STRBUF_INIT;
+       const struct submodule *submodule;
+
+       if (!file_exists(GITMODULES_FILE)) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+               return -1;
+
+       if (is_gitmodules_unmerged(&the_index))
+               die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+       submodule = submodule_from_path(&null_oid, path);
+       if (!submodule || !submodule->name) {
+               warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), path);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       strbuf_addstr(&sect, "submodule.");
+       strbuf_addstr(&sect, submodule->name);
+       if (git_config_rename_section_in_file(GITMODULES_FILE, sect.buf, NULL) < 0) {
+               /* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+               warning(_("Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"), path);
+               strbuf_release(&sect);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       strbuf_release(&sect);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void)
+{
+       if (add_file_to_cache(GITMODULES_FILE, 0))
+               die(_("staging updated .gitmodules failed"));
+}
 
 static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 {
        struct strbuf objects_directory = STRBUF_INIT;
-       struct alternate_object_database *alt_odb;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       strbuf_addf(&objects_directory, "%s/.git/objects/", path);
+       ret = strbuf_git_path_submodule(&objects_directory, path, "objects/");
+       if (ret)
+               goto done;
        if (!is_directory(objects_directory.buf)) {
                ret = -1;
                goto done;
        }
-       /* avoid adding it twice */
-       for (alt_odb = alt_odb_list; alt_odb; alt_odb = alt_odb->next)
-               if (alt_odb->name - alt_odb->base == objects_directory.len &&
-                               !strncmp(alt_odb->base, objects_directory.buf,
-                                       objects_directory.len))
-                       goto done;
-
-       alt_odb = xmalloc(objects_directory.len + 42 + sizeof(*alt_odb));
-       alt_odb->next = alt_odb_list;
-       strcpy(alt_odb->base, objects_directory.buf);
-       alt_odb->name = alt_odb->base + objects_directory.len;
-       alt_odb->name[2] = '/';
-       alt_odb->name[40] = '\0';
-       alt_odb->name[41] = '\0';
-       alt_odb_list = alt_odb;
-       prepare_alt_odb();
+       add_to_alternates_memory(objects_directory.buf);
 done:
        strbuf_release(&objects_directory);
        return ret;
 }
 
-void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
-               unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
+void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
+                                            const char *path)
+{
+       const struct submodule *submodule = submodule_from_path(&null_oid, path);
+       if (submodule) {
+               const char *ignore;
+               char *key;
+
+               key = xstrfmt("submodule.%s.ignore", submodule->name);
+               if (repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, key, &ignore))
+                       ignore = submodule->ignore;
+               free(key);
+
+               if (ignore)
+                       handle_ignore_submodules_arg(diffopt, ignore);
+               else if (is_gitmodules_unmerged(&the_index))
+                       DIFF_OPT_SET(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
+       }
+}
+
+/* Cheap function that only determines if we're interested in submodules at all */
+int git_default_submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+       if (!strcmp(var, "submodule.recurse")) {
+               int v = git_config_bool(var, value) ?
+                       RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON : RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
+               config_update_recurse_submodules = v;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int option_parse_recurse_submodules_worktree_updater(const struct option *opt,
+                                                    const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       if (unset) {
+               config_update_recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
+               return 0;
+       }
+       if (arg)
+               config_update_recurse_submodules =
+                       parse_update_recurse_submodules_arg(opt->long_name,
+                                                           arg);
+       else
+               config_update_recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determine if a submodule has been initialized at a given 'path'
+ */
+int is_submodule_active(struct repository *repo, const char *path)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+       char *key = NULL;
+       char *value = NULL;
+       const struct string_list *sl;
+       const struct submodule *module;
+
+       module = submodule_from_cache(repo, &null_oid, path);
+
+       /* early return if there isn't a path->module mapping */
+       if (!module)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* submodule.<name>.active is set */
+       key = xstrfmt("submodule.%s.active", module->name);
+       if (!repo_config_get_bool(repo, key, &ret)) {
+               free(key);
+               return ret;
+       }
+       free(key);
+
+       /* submodule.active is set */
+       sl = repo_config_get_value_multi(repo, "submodule.active");
+       if (sl) {
+               struct pathspec ps;
+               struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+               const struct string_list_item *item;
+
+               for_each_string_list_item(item, sl) {
+                       argv_array_push(&args, item->string);
+               }
+
+               parse_pathspec(&ps, 0, 0, NULL, args.argv);
+               ret = match_pathspec(&ps, path, strlen(path), 0, NULL, 1);
+
+               argv_array_clear(&args);
+               clear_pathspec(&ps);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       /* fallback to checking if the URL is set */
+       key = xstrfmt("submodule.%s.url", module->name);
+       ret = !repo_config_get_string(repo, key, &value);
+
+       free(value);
+       free(key);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+int is_submodule_populated_gently(const char *path, int *return_error_code)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+       char *gitdir = xstrfmt("%s/.git", path);
+
+       if (resolve_gitdir_gently(gitdir, return_error_code))
+               ret = 1;
+
+       free(gitdir);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dies if the provided 'prefix' corresponds to an unpopulated submodule
+ */
+void die_in_unpopulated_submodule(const struct index_state *istate,
+                                 const char *prefix)
+{
+       int i, prefixlen;
+
+       if (!prefix)
+               return;
+
+       prefixlen = strlen(prefix);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+               struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+               int ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+               if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+                       continue;
+               if (prefixlen <= ce_len)
+                       continue;
+               if (strncmp(ce->name, prefix, ce_len))
+                       continue;
+               if (prefix[ce_len] != '/')
+                       continue;
+
+               die(_("in unpopulated submodule '%s'"), ce->name);
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dies if any paths in the provided pathspec descends into a submodule
+ */
+void die_path_inside_submodule(const struct index_state *istate,
+                              const struct pathspec *ps)
+{
+       int i, j;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+               struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+               int ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+               if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+                       continue;
+
+               for (j = 0; j < ps->nr ; j++) {
+                       const struct pathspec_item *item = &ps->items[j];
+
+                       if (item->len <= ce_len)
+                               continue;
+                       if (item->match[ce_len] != '/')
+                               continue;
+                       if (strncmp(ce->name, item->match, ce_len))
+                               continue;
+                       if (item->len == ce_len + 1)
+                               continue;
+
+                       die(_("Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
+                           item->original, ce_len, ce->name);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+enum submodule_update_type parse_submodule_update_type(const char *value)
+{
+       if (!strcmp(value, "none"))
+               return SM_UPDATE_NONE;
+       else if (!strcmp(value, "checkout"))
+               return SM_UPDATE_CHECKOUT;
+       else if (!strcmp(value, "rebase"))
+               return SM_UPDATE_REBASE;
+       else if (!strcmp(value, "merge"))
+               return SM_UPDATE_MERGE;
+       else if (*value == '!')
+               return SM_UPDATE_COMMAND;
+       else
+               return SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED;
+}
+
+int parse_submodule_update_strategy(const char *value,
+               struct submodule_update_strategy *dst)
+{
+       enum submodule_update_type type;
+
+       free((void*)dst->command);
+       dst->command = NULL;
+
+       type = parse_submodule_update_type(value);
+       if (type == SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED)
+               return -1;
+
+       dst->type = type;
+       if (type == SM_UPDATE_COMMAND)
+               dst->command = xstrdup(value + 1);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+const char *submodule_strategy_to_string(const struct submodule_update_strategy *s)
+{
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+       switch (s->type) {
+       case SM_UPDATE_CHECKOUT:
+               return "checkout";
+       case SM_UPDATE_MERGE:
+               return "merge";
+       case SM_UPDATE_REBASE:
+               return "rebase";
+       case SM_UPDATE_NONE:
+               return "none";
+       case SM_UPDATE_UNSPECIFIED:
+               return NULL;
+       case SM_UPDATE_COMMAND:
+               strbuf_addf(&sb, "!%s", s->command);
+               return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt,
+                                 const char *arg)
+{
+       DIFF_OPT_CLR(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
+       DIFF_OPT_CLR(diffopt, IGNORE_UNTRACKED_IN_SUBMODULES);
+       DIFF_OPT_CLR(diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
+
+       if (!strcmp(arg, "all"))
+               DIFF_OPT_SET(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
+       else if (!strcmp(arg, "untracked"))
+               DIFF_OPT_SET(diffopt, IGNORE_UNTRACKED_IN_SUBMODULES);
+       else if (!strcmp(arg, "dirty"))
+               DIFF_OPT_SET(diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
+       else if (strcmp(arg, "none"))
+               die("bad --ignore-submodules argument: %s", arg);
+}
+
+static int prepare_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, const char *path,
+               struct commit *left, struct commit *right,
+               struct commit_list *merge_bases)
+{
+       struct commit_list *list;
+
+       init_revisions(rev, NULL);
+       setup_revisions(0, NULL, rev, NULL);
+       rev->left_right = 1;
+       rev->first_parent_only = 1;
+       left->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
+       add_pending_object(rev, &left->object, path);
+       add_pending_object(rev, &right->object, path);
+       for (list = merge_bases; list; list = list->next) {
+               list->item->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+               add_pending_object(rev, &list->item->object,
+                       oid_to_hex(&list->item->object.oid));
+       }
+       return prepare_revision_walk(rev);
+}
+
+static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, struct diff_options *o)
+{
+       static const char format[] = "  %m %s";
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct commit *commit;
+
+       while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
+               struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+               ctx.date_mode = rev->date_mode;
+               ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+               strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+               format_commit_message(commit, format, &sb, &ctx);
+               strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+               if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+                       diff_emit_submodule_del(o, sb.buf);
+               else
+                       diff_emit_submodule_add(o, sb.buf);
+       }
+       strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static void prepare_submodule_repo_env_no_git_dir(struct argv_array *out)
+{
+       const char * const *var;
+
+       for (var = local_repo_env; *var; var++) {
+               if (strcmp(*var, CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT))
+                       argv_array_push(out, *var);
+       }
+}
+
+void prepare_submodule_repo_env(struct argv_array *out)
+{
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env_no_git_dir(out);
+       argv_array_pushf(out, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
+                        DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+}
+
+/* Helper function to display the submodule header line prior to the full
+ * summary output. If it can locate the submodule objects directory it will
+ * attempt to lookup both the left and right commits and put them into the
+ * left and right pointers.
+ */
+static void show_submodule_header(struct diff_options *o, const char *path,
+               struct object_id *one, struct object_id *two,
                unsigned dirty_submodule,
-               const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
+               struct commit **left, struct commit **right,
+               struct commit_list **merge_bases)
 {
-       struct rev_info rev;
-       struct commit *commit, *left = left, *right = right;
-       struct commit_list *merge_bases, *list;
        const char *message = NULL;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-       static const char *format = "  %m %s";
        int fast_forward = 0, fast_backward = 0;
 
-       if (is_null_sha1(two))
-               message = "(submodule deleted)";
-       else if (add_submodule_odb(path))
-               message = "(not checked out)";
-       else if (is_null_sha1(one))
+       if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED)
+               diff_emit_submodule_untracked(o, path);
+
+       if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED)
+               diff_emit_submodule_modified(o, path);
+
+       if (is_null_oid(one))
                message = "(new submodule)";
-       else if (!(left = lookup_commit_reference(one)) ||
-                !(right = lookup_commit_reference(two)))
+       else if (is_null_oid(two))
+               message = "(submodule deleted)";
+
+       if (add_submodule_odb(path)) {
+               if (!message)
+                       message = "(commits not present)";
+               goto output_header;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Attempt to lookup the commit references, and determine if this is
+        * a fast forward or fast backwards update.
+        */
+       *left = lookup_commit_reference(one);
+       *right = lookup_commit_reference(two);
+
+       /*
+        * Warn about missing commits in the submodule project, but only if
+        * they aren't null.
+        */
+       if ((!is_null_oid(one) && !*left) ||
+            (!is_null_oid(two) && !*right))
                message = "(commits not present)";
 
-       if (!message) {
-               init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
-               setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
-               rev.left_right = 1;
-               rev.first_parent_only = 1;
-               left->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
-               add_pending_object(&rev, &left->object, path);
-               add_pending_object(&rev, &right->object, path);
-               merge_bases = get_merge_bases(left, right, 1);
-               if (merge_bases) {
-                       if (merge_bases->item == left)
-                               fast_forward = 1;
-                       else if (merge_bases->item == right)
-                               fast_backward = 1;
-               }
-               for (list = merge_bases; list; list = list->next) {
-                       list->item->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-                       add_pending_object(&rev, &list->item->object,
-                               sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
-               }
-               if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
-                       message = "(revision walker failed)";
-       }
-
-       strbuf_addf(&sb, "Submodule %s %s..", path,
-                       find_unique_abbrev(one, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-       if (!fast_backward && !fast_forward)
-               strbuf_addch(&sb, '.');
-       strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s", find_unique_abbrev(two, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-       if (dirty_submodule)
-               strbuf_add(&sb, "-dirty", 6);
+       *merge_bases = get_merge_bases(*left, *right);
+       if (*merge_bases) {
+               if ((*merge_bases)->item == *left)
+                       fast_forward = 1;
+               else if ((*merge_bases)->item == *right)
+                       fast_backward = 1;
+       }
+
+       if (!oidcmp(one, two)) {
+               strbuf_release(&sb);
+               return;
+       }
+
+output_header:
+       strbuf_addf(&sb, "Submodule %s ", path);
+       strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&sb, one->hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+       strbuf_addstr(&sb, (fast_backward || fast_forward) ? ".." : "...");
+       strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&sb, two->hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
        if (message)
                strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s\n", message);
        else
                strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "");
-       fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, f);
-
-       if (!message) {
-               while ((commit = get_revision(&rev))) {
-                       struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
-                       ctx.date_mode = rev.date_mode;
-                       strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
-                       if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT) {
-                               if (del)
-                                       strbuf_addstr(&sb, del);
-                       }
-                       else if (add)
-                               strbuf_addstr(&sb, add);
-                       format_commit_message(commit, format, &sb, &ctx);
-                       if (reset)
-                               strbuf_addstr(&sb, reset);
-                       strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
-                       fprintf(f, "%s", sb.buf);
-               }
-               clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
-               clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
-       }
+       diff_emit_submodule_header(o, sb.buf);
+
        strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-int is_submodule_modified(const char *path)
+void show_submodule_summary(struct diff_options *o, const char *path,
+               struct object_id *one, struct object_id *two,
+               unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
-       int len;
-       struct child_process cp;
-       const char *argv[] = {
-               "status",
-               "--porcelain",
-               NULL,
-       };
-       char *env[4];
-       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct rev_info rev;
+       struct commit *left = NULL, *right = NULL;
+       struct commit_list *merge_bases = NULL;
 
-       strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/.git/", path);
-       if (!is_directory(buf.buf)) {
-               strbuf_release(&buf);
-               /* The submodule is not checked out, so it is not modified */
-               return 0;
+       show_submodule_header(o, path, one, two, dirty_submodule,
+                             &left, &right, &merge_bases);
 
+       /*
+        * If we don't have both a left and a right pointer, there is no
+        * reason to try and display a summary. The header line should contain
+        * all the information the user needs.
+        */
+       if (!left || !right)
+               goto out;
+
+       /* Treat revision walker failure the same as missing commits */
+       if (prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right, merge_bases)) {
+               diff_emit_submodule_error(o, "(revision walker failed)\n");
+               goto out;
        }
-       strbuf_reset(&buf);
 
-       strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_WORK_TREE=%s", path);
-       env[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-       strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_DIR=%s/.git", path);
-       env[1] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-       strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_INDEX_FILE");
-       env[2] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-       env[3] = NULL;
+       print_submodule_summary(&rev, o);
+
+out:
+       if (merge_bases)
+               free_commit_list(merge_bases);
+       clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
+       clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
+}
+
+void show_submodule_inline_diff(struct diff_options *o, const char *path,
+               struct object_id *one, struct object_id *two,
+               unsigned dirty_submodule)
+{
+       const struct object_id *old = &empty_tree_oid, *new = &empty_tree_oid;
+       struct commit *left = NULL, *right = NULL;
+       struct commit_list *merge_bases = NULL;
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+       show_submodule_header(o, path, one, two, dirty_submodule,
+                             &left, &right, &merge_bases);
+
+       /* We need a valid left and right commit to display a difference */
+       if (!(left || is_null_oid(one)) ||
+           !(right || is_null_oid(two)))
+               goto done;
+
+       if (left)
+               old = one;
+       if (right)
+               new = two;
 
-       memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
-       cp.argv = argv;
-       cp.env = (const char *const *)env;
        cp.git_cmd = 1;
-       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.dir = path;
        cp.out = -1;
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+
+       /* TODO: other options may need to be passed here. */
+       argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "diff", "--submodule=diff", NULL);
+       argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--color=%s", want_color(o->use_color) ?
+                        "always" : "never");
+
+       if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
+               argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--src-prefix=%s%s/",
+                                o->b_prefix, path);
+               argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--dst-prefix=%s%s/",
+                                o->a_prefix, path);
+       } else {
+               argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--src-prefix=%s%s/",
+                                o->a_prefix, path);
+               argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--dst-prefix=%s%s/",
+                                o->b_prefix, path);
+       }
+       argv_array_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(old));
+       /*
+        * If the submodule has modified content, we will diff against the
+        * work tree, under the assumption that the user has asked for the
+        * diff format and wishes to actually see all differences even if they
+        * haven't yet been committed to the submodule yet.
+        */
+       if (!(dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED))
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, oid_to_hex(new));
+
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
        if (start_command(&cp))
-               die("Could not run git status --porcelain");
+               diff_emit_submodule_error(o, "(diff failed)\n");
 
-       len = strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024);
-       close(cp.out);
+       while (strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&sb, cp.out, '\n') != EOF)
+               diff_emit_submodule_pipethrough(o, sb.buf, sb.len);
 
        if (finish_command(&cp))
-               die("git status --porcelain failed");
+               diff_emit_submodule_error(o, "(diff failed)\n");
 
-       free(env[0]);
-       free(env[1]);
-       free(env[2]);
-       strbuf_release(&buf);
-       return len != 0;
+done:
+       strbuf_release(&sb);
+       if (merge_bases)
+               free_commit_list(merge_bases);
+       if (left)
+               clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
+       if (right)
+               clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
+}
+
+int should_update_submodules(void)
+{
+       return config_update_recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON;
+}
+
+const struct submodule *submodule_from_ce(const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+       if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (!should_update_submodules())
+               return NULL;
+
+       return submodule_from_path(&null_oid, ce->name);
+}
+
+static struct oid_array *submodule_commits(struct string_list *submodules,
+                                          const char *path)
+{
+       struct string_list_item *item;
+
+       item = string_list_insert(submodules, path);
+       if (item->util)
+               return (struct oid_array *) item->util;
+
+       /* NEEDSWORK: should we have oid_array_init()? */
+       item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct oid_array));
+       return (struct oid_array *) item->util;
+}
+
+static void collect_changed_submodules_cb(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
+                                         struct diff_options *options,
+                                         void *data)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct string_list *changed = data;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+               struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+               struct oid_array *commits;
+               if (!S_ISGITLINK(p->two->mode))
+                       continue;
+
+               if (S_ISGITLINK(p->one->mode)) {
+                       /*
+                        * NEEDSWORK: We should honor the name configured in
+                        * the .gitmodules file of the commit we are examining
+                        * here to be able to correctly follow submodules
+                        * being moved around.
+                        */
+                       commits = submodule_commits(changed, p->two->path);
+                       oid_array_append(commits, &p->two->oid);
+               } else {
+                       /* Submodule is new or was moved here */
+                       /*
+                        * NEEDSWORK: When the .git directories of submodules
+                        * live inside the superprojects .git directory some
+                        * day we should fetch new submodules directly into
+                        * that location too when config or options request
+                        * that so they can be checked out from there.
+                        */
+                       continue;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Collect the paths of submodules in 'changed' which have changed based on
+ * the revisions as specified in 'argv'.  Each entry in 'changed' will also
+ * have a corresponding 'struct oid_array' (in the 'util' field) which lists
+ * what the submodule pointers were updated to during the change.
+ */
+static void collect_changed_submodules(struct string_list *changed,
+                                      struct argv_array *argv)
+{
+       struct rev_info rev;
+       const struct commit *commit;
+
+       init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+       setup_revisions(argv->argc, argv->argv, &rev, NULL);
+       if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
+               die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+       while ((commit = get_revision(&rev))) {
+               struct rev_info diff_rev;
+
+               init_revisions(&diff_rev, NULL);
+               diff_rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
+               diff_rev.diffopt.format_callback = collect_changed_submodules_cb;
+               diff_rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = changed;
+               diff_tree_combined_merge(commit, 1, &diff_rev);
+       }
+
+       reset_revision_walk();
+}
+
+static void free_submodules_oids(struct string_list *submodules)
+{
+       struct string_list_item *item;
+       for_each_string_list_item(item, submodules)
+               oid_array_clear((struct oid_array *) item->util);
+       string_list_clear(submodules, 1);
+}
+
+static int has_remote(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+                     int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+       return 1;
+}
+
+static int append_oid_to_argv(const struct object_id *oid, void *data)
+{
+       struct argv_array *argv = data;
+       argv_array_push(argv, oid_to_hex(oid));
+       return 0;
+}
+
+struct has_commit_data {
+       int result;
+       const char *path;
+};
+
+static int check_has_commit(const struct object_id *oid, void *data)
+{
+       struct has_commit_data *cb = data;
+
+       enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(oid->hash, NULL);
+
+       switch (type) {
+       case OBJ_COMMIT:
+               return 0;
+       case OBJ_BAD:
+               /*
+                * Object is missing or invalid. If invalid, an error message
+                * has already been printed.
+                */
+               cb->result = 0;
+               return 0;
+       default:
+               die(_("submodule entry '%s' (%s) is a %s, not a commit"),
+                   cb->path, oid_to_hex(oid), typename(type));
+       }
+}
+
+static int submodule_has_commits(const char *path, struct oid_array *commits)
+{
+       struct has_commit_data has_commit = { 1, path };
+
+       /*
+        * Perform a cheap, but incorrect check for the existence of 'commits'.
+        * This is done by adding the submodule's object store to the in-core
+        * object store, and then querying for each commit's existence.  If we
+        * do not have the commit object anywhere, there is no chance we have
+        * it in the object store of the correct submodule and have it
+        * reachable from a ref, so we can fail early without spawning rev-list
+        * which is expensive.
+        */
+       if (add_submodule_odb(path))
+               return 0;
+
+       oid_array_for_each_unique(commits, check_has_commit, &has_commit);
+
+       if (has_commit.result) {
+               /*
+                * Even if the submodule is checked out and the commit is
+                * present, make sure it exists in the submodule's object store
+                * and that it is reachable from a ref.
+                */
+               struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+               struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+               argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "rev-list", "-n", "1", NULL);
+               oid_array_for_each_unique(commits, append_oid_to_argv, &cp.args);
+               argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--not", "--all", NULL);
+
+               prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+               cp.git_cmd = 1;
+               cp.no_stdin = 1;
+               cp.dir = path;
+
+               if (capture_command(&cp, &out, GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1) || out.len)
+                       has_commit.result = 0;
+
+               strbuf_release(&out);
+       }
+
+       return has_commit.result;
+}
+
+static int submodule_needs_pushing(const char *path, struct oid_array *commits)
+{
+       if (!submodule_has_commits(path, commits))
+               /*
+                * NOTE: We do consider it safe to return "no" here. The
+                * correct answer would be "We do not know" instead of
+                * "No push needed", but it is quite hard to change
+                * the submodule pointer without having the submodule
+                * around. If a user did however change the submodules
+                * without having the submodule around, this indicates
+                * an expert who knows what they are doing or a
+                * maintainer integrating work from other people. In
+                * both cases it should be safe to skip this check.
+                */
+               return 0;
+
+       if (for_each_remote_ref_submodule(path, has_remote, NULL) > 0) {
+               struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+               struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+               int needs_pushing = 0;
+
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "rev-list");
+               oid_array_for_each_unique(commits, append_oid_to_argv, &cp.args);
+               argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--not", "--remotes", "-n", "1" , NULL);
+
+               prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+               cp.git_cmd = 1;
+               cp.no_stdin = 1;
+               cp.out = -1;
+               cp.dir = path;
+               if (start_command(&cp))
+                       die("Could not run 'git rev-list <commits> --not --remotes -n 1' command in submodule %s",
+                                       path);
+               if (strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 41))
+                       needs_pushing = 1;
+               finish_command(&cp);
+               close(cp.out);
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
+               return needs_pushing;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int find_unpushed_submodules(struct oid_array *commits,
+               const char *remotes_name, struct string_list *needs_pushing)
+{
+       struct string_list submodules = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+       struct string_list_item *submodule;
+       struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+       /* argv.argv[0] will be ignored by setup_revisions */
+       argv_array_push(&argv, "find_unpushed_submodules");
+       oid_array_for_each_unique(commits, append_oid_to_argv, &argv);
+       argv_array_push(&argv, "--not");
+       argv_array_pushf(&argv, "--remotes=%s", remotes_name);
+
+       collect_changed_submodules(&submodules, &argv);
+
+       for_each_string_list_item(submodule, &submodules) {
+               struct oid_array *commits = submodule->util;
+               const char *path = submodule->string;
+
+               if (submodule_needs_pushing(path, commits))
+                       string_list_insert(needs_pushing, path);
+       }
+
+       free_submodules_oids(&submodules);
+       argv_array_clear(&argv);
+
+       return needs_pushing->nr;
+}
+
+static int push_submodule(const char *path,
+                         const struct remote *remote,
+                         const char **refspec, int refspec_nr,
+                         const struct string_list *push_options,
+                         int dry_run)
+{
+       if (add_submodule_odb(path))
+               return 1;
+
+       if (for_each_remote_ref_submodule(path, has_remote, NULL) > 0) {
+               struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "push");
+               if (dry_run)
+                       argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--dry-run");
+
+               if (push_options && push_options->nr) {
+                       const struct string_list_item *item;
+                       for_each_string_list_item(item, push_options)
+                               argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--push-option=%s",
+                                                item->string);
+               }
+
+               if (remote->origin != REMOTE_UNCONFIGURED) {
+                       int i;
+                       argv_array_push(&cp.args, remote->name);
+                       for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++)
+                               argv_array_push(&cp.args, refspec[i]);
+               }
+
+               prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+               cp.git_cmd = 1;
+               cp.no_stdin = 1;
+               cp.dir = path;
+               if (run_command(&cp))
+                       return 0;
+               close(cp.out);
+       }
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform a check in the submodule to see if the remote and refspec work.
+ * Die if the submodule can't be pushed.
+ */
+static void submodule_push_check(const char *path, const char *head,
+                                const struct remote *remote,
+                                const char **refspec, int refspec_nr)
+{
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       int i;
+
+       argv_array_push(&cp.args, "submodule--helper");
+       argv_array_push(&cp.args, "push-check");
+       argv_array_push(&cp.args, head);
+       argv_array_push(&cp.args, remote->name);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++)
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, refspec[i]);
+
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.no_stdout = 1;
+       cp.dir = path;
+
+       /*
+        * Simply indicate if 'submodule--helper push-check' failed.
+        * More detailed error information will be provided by the
+        * child process.
+        */
+       if (run_command(&cp))
+               die("process for submodule '%s' failed", path);
+}
+
+int push_unpushed_submodules(struct oid_array *commits,
+                            const struct remote *remote,
+                            const char **refspec, int refspec_nr,
+                            const struct string_list *push_options,
+                            int dry_run)
+{
+       int i, ret = 1;
+       struct string_list needs_pushing = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+       if (!find_unpushed_submodules(commits, remote->name, &needs_pushing))
+               return 1;
+
+       /*
+        * Verify that the remote and refspec can be propagated to all
+        * submodules.  This check can be skipped if the remote and refspec
+        * won't be propagated due to the remote being unconfigured (e.g. a URL
+        * instead of a remote name).
+        */
+       if (remote->origin != REMOTE_UNCONFIGURED) {
+               char *head;
+               struct object_id head_oid;
+
+               head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, head_oid.hash, NULL);
+               if (!head)
+                       die(_("Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."));
+
+               for (i = 0; i < needs_pushing.nr; i++)
+                       submodule_push_check(needs_pushing.items[i].string,
+                                            head, remote,
+                                            refspec, refspec_nr);
+               free(head);
+       }
+
+       /* Actually push the submodules */
+       for (i = 0; i < needs_pushing.nr; i++) {
+               const char *path = needs_pushing.items[i].string;
+               fprintf(stderr, "Pushing submodule '%s'\n", path);
+               if (!push_submodule(path, remote, refspec, refspec_nr,
+                                   push_options, dry_run)) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "Unable to push submodule '%s'\n", path);
+                       ret = 0;
+               }
+       }
+
+       string_list_clear(&needs_pushing, 0);
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int append_oid_to_array(const char *ref, const struct object_id *oid,
+                              int flags, void *data)
+{
+       struct oid_array *array = data;
+       oid_array_append(array, oid);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+void check_for_new_submodule_commits(struct object_id *oid)
+{
+       if (!initialized_fetch_ref_tips) {
+               for_each_ref(append_oid_to_array, &ref_tips_before_fetch);
+               initialized_fetch_ref_tips = 1;
+       }
+
+       oid_array_append(&ref_tips_after_fetch, oid);
+}
+
+static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(void)
+{
+       struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+       struct string_list changed_submodules = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+       const struct string_list_item *item;
+
+       /* No need to check if there are no submodules configured */
+       if (!submodule_from_path(NULL, NULL))
+               return;
+
+       argv_array_push(&argv, "--"); /* argv[0] program name */
+       oid_array_for_each_unique(&ref_tips_after_fetch,
+                                  append_oid_to_argv, &argv);
+       argv_array_push(&argv, "--not");
+       oid_array_for_each_unique(&ref_tips_before_fetch,
+                                  append_oid_to_argv, &argv);
+
+       /*
+        * Collect all submodules (whether checked out or not) for which new
+        * commits have been recorded upstream in "changed_submodule_paths".
+        */
+       collect_changed_submodules(&changed_submodules, &argv);
+
+       for_each_string_list_item(item, &changed_submodules) {
+               struct oid_array *commits = item->util;
+               const char *path = item->string;
+
+               if (!submodule_has_commits(path, commits))
+                       string_list_append(&changed_submodule_paths, path);
+       }
+
+       free_submodules_oids(&changed_submodules);
+       argv_array_clear(&argv);
+       oid_array_clear(&ref_tips_before_fetch);
+       oid_array_clear(&ref_tips_after_fetch);
+       initialized_fetch_ref_tips = 0;
+}
+
+int submodule_touches_in_range(struct object_id *excl_oid,
+                              struct object_id *incl_oid)
+{
+       struct string_list subs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+       struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* No need to check if there are no submodules configured */
+       if (!submodule_from_path(NULL, NULL))
+               return 0;
+
+       argv_array_push(&args, "--"); /* args[0] program name */
+       argv_array_push(&args, oid_to_hex(incl_oid));
+       argv_array_push(&args, "--not");
+       argv_array_push(&args, oid_to_hex(excl_oid));
+
+       collect_changed_submodules(&subs, &args);
+       ret = subs.nr;
+
+       argv_array_clear(&args);
+
+       free_submodules_oids(&subs);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+struct submodule_parallel_fetch {
+       int count;
+       struct argv_array args;
+       const char *work_tree;
+       const char *prefix;
+       int command_line_option;
+       int default_option;
+       int quiet;
+       int result;
+};
+#define SPF_INIT {0, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0}
+
+static int get_next_submodule(struct child_process *cp,
+                             struct strbuf *err, void *data, void **task_cb)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+       struct submodule_parallel_fetch *spf = data;
+
+       for (; spf->count < active_nr; spf->count++) {
+               struct strbuf submodule_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+               struct strbuf submodule_git_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
+               struct strbuf submodule_prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+               const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[spf->count];
+               const char *git_dir, *default_argv;
+               const struct submodule *submodule;
+
+               if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+                       continue;
+
+               submodule = submodule_from_path(&null_oid, ce->name);
+
+               default_argv = "yes";
+               if (spf->command_line_option == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT) {
+                       int fetch_recurse = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_NONE;
+
+                       if (submodule) {
+                               char *key;
+                               const char *value;
+
+                               fetch_recurse = submodule->fetch_recurse;
+                               key = xstrfmt("submodule.%s.fetchRecurseSubmodules", submodule->name);
+                               if (!repo_config_get_string_const(the_repository, key, &value)) {
+                                       fetch_recurse = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(key, value);
+                               }
+                               free(key);
+                       }
+
+                       if (fetch_recurse != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_NONE) {
+                               if (fetch_recurse == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)
+                                       continue;
+                               if (fetch_recurse == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) {
+                                       if (!unsorted_string_list_lookup(&changed_submodule_paths, ce->name))
+                                               continue;
+                                       default_argv = "on-demand";
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               if (spf->default_option == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)
+                                       continue;
+                               if (spf->default_option == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) {
+                                       if (!unsorted_string_list_lookup(&changed_submodule_paths, ce->name))
+                                               continue;
+                                       default_argv = "on-demand";
+                               }
+                       }
+               } else if (spf->command_line_option == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) {
+                       if (!unsorted_string_list_lookup(&changed_submodule_paths, ce->name))
+                               continue;
+                       default_argv = "on-demand";
+               }
+
+               strbuf_addf(&submodule_path, "%s/%s", spf->work_tree, ce->name);
+               strbuf_addf(&submodule_git_dir, "%s/.git", submodule_path.buf);
+               strbuf_addf(&submodule_prefix, "%s%s/", spf->prefix, ce->name);
+               git_dir = read_gitfile(submodule_git_dir.buf);
+               if (!git_dir)
+                       git_dir = submodule_git_dir.buf;
+               if (is_directory(git_dir)) {
+                       child_process_init(cp);
+                       cp->dir = strbuf_detach(&submodule_path, NULL);
+                       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp->env_array);
+                       cp->git_cmd = 1;
+                       if (!spf->quiet)
+                               strbuf_addf(err, "Fetching submodule %s%s\n",
+                                           spf->prefix, ce->name);
+                       argv_array_init(&cp->args);
+                       argv_array_pushv(&cp->args, spf->args.argv);
+                       argv_array_push(&cp->args, default_argv);
+                       argv_array_push(&cp->args, "--submodule-prefix");
+                       argv_array_push(&cp->args, submodule_prefix.buf);
+                       ret = 1;
+               }
+               strbuf_release(&submodule_path);
+               strbuf_release(&submodule_git_dir);
+               strbuf_release(&submodule_prefix);
+               if (ret) {
+                       spf->count++;
+                       return 1;
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_start_failure(struct strbuf *err,
+                              void *cb, void *task_cb)
+{
+       struct submodule_parallel_fetch *spf = cb;
+
+       spf->result = 1;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int fetch_finish(int retvalue, struct strbuf *err,
+                       void *cb, void *task_cb)
+{
+       struct submodule_parallel_fetch *spf = cb;
+
+       if (retvalue)
+               spf->result = 1;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
+                              const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
+                              int default_option,
+                              int quiet, int max_parallel_jobs)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct submodule_parallel_fetch spf = SPF_INIT;
+
+       spf.work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+       spf.command_line_option = command_line_option;
+       spf.default_option = default_option;
+       spf.quiet = quiet;
+       spf.prefix = prefix;
+
+       if (!spf.work_tree)
+               goto out;
+
+       if (read_cache() < 0)
+               die("index file corrupt");
+
+       argv_array_push(&spf.args, "fetch");
+       for (i = 0; i < options->argc; i++)
+               argv_array_push(&spf.args, options->argv[i]);
+       argv_array_push(&spf.args, "--recurse-submodules-default");
+       /* default value, "--submodule-prefix" and its value are added later */
+
+       calculate_changed_submodule_paths();
+       run_processes_parallel(max_parallel_jobs,
+                              get_next_submodule,
+                              fetch_start_failure,
+                              fetch_finish,
+                              &spf);
+
+       argv_array_clear(&spf.args);
+out:
+       string_list_clear(&changed_submodule_paths, 1);
+       return spf.result;
+}
+
+unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
+{
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       FILE *fp;
+       unsigned dirty_submodule = 0;
+       const char *git_dir;
+       int ignore_cp_exit_code = 0;
+
+       strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/.git", path);
+       git_dir = read_gitfile(buf.buf);
+       if (!git_dir)
+               git_dir = buf.buf;
+       if (!is_git_directory(git_dir)) {
+               if (is_directory(git_dir))
+                       die(_("'%s' not recognized as a git repository"), git_dir);
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
+               /* The submodule is not checked out, so it is not modified */
+               return 0;
+       }
+       strbuf_reset(&buf);
+
+       argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "status", "--porcelain=2", NULL);
+       if (ignore_untracked)
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-uno");
+
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.out = -1;
+       cp.dir = path;
+       if (start_command(&cp))
+               die("Could not run 'git status --porcelain=2' in submodule %s", path);
+
+       fp = xfdopen(cp.out, "r");
+       while (strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, fp, '\n') != EOF) {
+               /* regular untracked files */
+               if (buf.buf[0] == '?')
+                       dirty_submodule |= DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED;
+
+               if (buf.buf[0] == 'u' ||
+                   buf.buf[0] == '1' ||
+                   buf.buf[0] == '2') {
+                       /* T = line type, XY = status, SSSS = submodule state */
+                       if (buf.len < strlen("T XY SSSS"))
+                               die("BUG: invalid status --porcelain=2 line %s",
+                                   buf.buf);
+
+                       if (buf.buf[5] == 'S' && buf.buf[8] == 'U')
+                               /* nested untracked file */
+                               dirty_submodule |= DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED;
+
+                       if (buf.buf[0] == 'u' ||
+                           buf.buf[0] == '2' ||
+                           memcmp(buf.buf + 5, "S..U", 4))
+                               /* other change */
+                               dirty_submodule |= DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED;
+               }
+
+               if ((dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED) &&
+                   ((dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED) ||
+                    ignore_untracked)) {
+                       /*
+                        * We're not interested in any further information from
+                        * the child any more, neither output nor its exit code.
+                        */
+                       ignore_cp_exit_code = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       fclose(fp);
+
+       if (finish_command(&cp) && !ignore_cp_exit_code)
+               die("'git status --porcelain=2' failed in submodule %s", path);
+
+       strbuf_release(&buf);
+       return dirty_submodule;
+}
+
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path)
+{
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       const char *argv[] = {
+               "submodule",
+               "foreach",
+               "--quiet",
+               "--recursive",
+               "test -f .git",
+               NULL,
+       };
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       const char *git_dir;
+
+       strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/.git", path);
+       git_dir = read_gitfile(buf.buf);
+       if (!git_dir) {
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+       /* Now test that all nested submodules use a gitfile too */
+       cp.argv = argv;
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.no_stderr = 1;
+       cp.no_stdout = 1;
+       cp.dir = path;
+       if (run_command(&cp))
+               return 0;
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if it is a bad idea to remove a submodule, i.e. if we'd lose data
+ * when doing so.
+ *
+ * Return 1 if we'd lose data, return 0 if the removal is fine,
+ * and negative values for errors.
+ */
+int bad_to_remove_submodule(const char *path, unsigned flags)
+{
+       ssize_t len;
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (!file_exists(path) || is_empty_dir(path))
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(path))
+               return 1;
+
+       argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "status", "--porcelain",
+                                  "--ignore-submodules=none", NULL);
+
+       if (flags & SUBMODULE_REMOVAL_IGNORE_UNTRACKED)
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-uno");
+       else
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-uall");
+
+       if (!(flags & SUBMODULE_REMOVAL_IGNORE_IGNORED_UNTRACKED))
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--ignored");
+
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.out = -1;
+       cp.dir = path;
+       if (start_command(&cp)) {
+               if (flags & SUBMODULE_REMOVAL_DIE_ON_ERROR)
+                       die(_("could not start 'git status' in submodule '%s'"),
+                               path);
+               ret = -1;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       len = strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024);
+       if (len > 2)
+               ret = 1;
+       close(cp.out);
+
+       if (finish_command(&cp)) {
+               if (flags & SUBMODULE_REMOVAL_DIE_ON_ERROR)
+                       die(_("could not run 'git status' in submodule '%s'"),
+                               path);
+               ret = -1;
+       }
+out:
+       strbuf_release(&buf);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static const char *get_super_prefix_or_empty(void)
+{
+       const char *s = get_super_prefix();
+       if (!s)
+               s = "";
+       return s;
+}
+
+static int submodule_has_dirty_index(const struct submodule *sub)
+{
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+
+       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+       argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "diff-index", "--quiet",
+                                  "--cached", "HEAD", NULL);
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.no_stdout = 1;
+       cp.dir = sub->path;
+       if (start_command(&cp))
+               die("could not recurse into submodule '%s'", sub->path);
+
+       return finish_command(&cp);
+}
+
+static void submodule_reset_index(const char *path)
+{
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+
+       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.dir = path;
+
+       argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--super-prefix=%s%s/",
+                                  get_super_prefix_or_empty(), path);
+       argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "read-tree", "-u", "--reset", NULL);
+
+       argv_array_push(&cp.args, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX);
+
+       if (run_command(&cp))
+               die("could not reset submodule index");
+}
+
+/**
+ * Moves a submodule at a given path from a given head to another new head.
+ * For edge cases (a submodule coming into existence or removing a submodule)
+ * pass NULL for old or new respectively.
+ */
+int submodule_move_head(const char *path,
+                        const char *old,
+                        const char *new,
+                        unsigned flags)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       const struct submodule *sub;
+       int *error_code_ptr, error_code;
+
+       if (!is_submodule_active(the_repository, path))
+               return 0;
+
+       if (flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_FORCE)
+               /*
+                * Pass non NULL pointer to is_submodule_populated_gently
+                * to prevent die()-ing. We'll use connect_work_tree_and_git_dir
+                * to fixup the submodule in the force case later.
+                */
+               error_code_ptr = &error_code;
+       else
+               error_code_ptr = NULL;
+
+       if (old && !is_submodule_populated_gently(path, error_code_ptr))
+               return 0;
+
+       sub = submodule_from_path(&null_oid, path);
+
+       if (!sub)
+               die("BUG: could not get submodule information for '%s'", path);
+
+       if (old && !(flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_FORCE)) {
+               /* Check if the submodule has a dirty index. */
+               if (submodule_has_dirty_index(sub))
+                       return error(_("submodule '%s' has dirty index"), path);
+       }
+
+       if (!(flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_DRY_RUN)) {
+               if (old) {
+                       if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(path))
+                               absorb_git_dir_into_superproject("", path,
+                                       ABSORB_GITDIR_RECURSE_SUBMODULES);
+               } else {
+                       char *gitdir = xstrfmt("%s/modules/%s",
+                                   get_git_common_dir(), sub->name);
+                       connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(path, gitdir);
+                       free(gitdir);
+
+                       /* make sure the index is clean as well */
+                       submodule_reset_index(path);
+               }
+
+               if (old && (flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_FORCE)) {
+                       char *gitdir = xstrfmt("%s/modules/%s",
+                                   get_git_common_dir(), sub->name);
+                       connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(path, gitdir);
+                       free(gitdir);
+               }
+       }
+
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+
+       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.dir = path;
+
+       argv_array_pushf(&cp.args, "--super-prefix=%s%s/",
+                       get_super_prefix_or_empty(), path);
+       argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "read-tree", "--recurse-submodules", NULL);
+
+       if (flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_DRY_RUN)
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-n");
+       else
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-u");
+
+       if (flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_FORCE)
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--reset");
+       else
+               argv_array_push(&cp.args, "-m");
+
+       argv_array_push(&cp.args, old ? old : EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX);
+       argv_array_push(&cp.args, new ? new : EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX);
+
+       if (run_command(&cp)) {
+               ret = -1;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!(flags & SUBMODULE_MOVE_HEAD_DRY_RUN)) {
+               if (new) {
+                       child_process_init(&cp);
+                       /* also set the HEAD accordingly */
+                       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+                       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+                       cp.dir = path;
+
+                       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+                       argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "update-ref", "HEAD", new, NULL);
+
+                       if (run_command(&cp)) {
+                               ret = -1;
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+                       strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/.git", path);
+                       unlink_or_warn(sb.buf);
+                       strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+                       if (is_empty_dir(path))
+                               rmdir_or_warn(path);
+               }
+       }
+out:
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
+               struct commit *a, struct commit *b)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       struct object_array merges = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+       struct commit *commit;
+       int contains_another;
+
+       char merged_revision[42];
+       const char *rev_args[] = { "rev-list", "--merges", "--ancestry-path",
+                                  "--all", merged_revision, NULL };
+       struct rev_info revs;
+       struct setup_revision_opt rev_opts;
+
+       memset(result, 0, sizeof(struct object_array));
+       memset(&rev_opts, 0, sizeof(rev_opts));
+
+       /* get all revisions that merge commit a */
+       xsnprintf(merged_revision, sizeof(merged_revision), "^%s",
+                       oid_to_hex(&a->object.oid));
+       init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+       rev_opts.submodule = path;
+       /* FIXME: can't handle linked worktrees in submodules yet */
+       revs.single_worktree = path != NULL;
+       setup_revisions(ARRAY_SIZE(rev_args)-1, rev_args, &revs, &rev_opts);
+
+       /* save all revisions from the above list that contain b */
+       if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+               die("revision walk setup failed");
+       while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
+               struct object *o = &(commit->object);
+               if (in_merge_bases(b, commit))
+                       add_object_array(o, NULL, &merges);
+       }
+       reset_revision_walk();
+
+       /* Now we've got all merges that contain a and b. Prune all
+        * merges that contain another found merge and save them in
+        * result.
+        */
+       for (i = 0; i < merges.nr; i++) {
+               struct commit *m1 = (struct commit *) merges.objects[i].item;
+
+               contains_another = 0;
+               for (j = 0; j < merges.nr; j++) {
+                       struct commit *m2 = (struct commit *) merges.objects[j].item;
+                       if (i != j && in_merge_bases(m2, m1)) {
+                               contains_another = 1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (!contains_another)
+                       add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item, NULL, result);
+       }
+
+       object_array_clear(&merges);
+       return result->nr;
+}
+
+static void print_commit(struct commit *commit)
+{
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+       ctx.date_mode.type = DATE_NORMAL;
+       format_commit_message(commit, " %h: %m %s", &sb, &ctx);
+       fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", sb.buf);
+       strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+#define MERGE_WARNING(path, msg) \
+       warning("Failed to merge submodule %s (%s)", path, msg);
+
+int merge_submodule(struct object_id *result, const char *path,
+                   const struct object_id *base, const struct object_id *a,
+                   const struct object_id *b, int search)
+{
+       struct commit *commit_base, *commit_a, *commit_b;
+       int parent_count;
+       struct object_array merges;
+
+       int i;
+
+       /* store a in result in case we fail */
+       oidcpy(result, a);
+
+       /* we can not handle deletion conflicts */
+       if (is_null_oid(base))
+               return 0;
+       if (is_null_oid(a))
+               return 0;
+       if (is_null_oid(b))
+               return 0;
+
+       if (add_submodule_odb(path)) {
+               MERGE_WARNING(path, "not checked out");
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (!(commit_base = lookup_commit_reference(base)) ||
+           !(commit_a = lookup_commit_reference(a)) ||
+           !(commit_b = lookup_commit_reference(b))) {
+               MERGE_WARNING(path, "commits not present");
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* check whether both changes are forward */
+       if (!in_merge_bases(commit_base, commit_a) ||
+           !in_merge_bases(commit_base, commit_b)) {
+               MERGE_WARNING(path, "commits don't follow merge-base");
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* Case #1: a is contained in b or vice versa */
+       if (in_merge_bases(commit_a, commit_b)) {
+               oidcpy(result, b);
+               return 1;
+       }
+       if (in_merge_bases(commit_b, commit_a)) {
+               oidcpy(result, a);
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Case #2: There are one or more merges that contain a and b in
+        * the submodule. If there is only one, then present it as a
+        * suggestion to the user, but leave it marked unmerged so the
+        * user needs to confirm the resolution.
+        */
+
+       /* Skip the search if makes no sense to the calling context.  */
+       if (!search)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* find commit which merges them */
+       parent_count = find_first_merges(&merges, path, commit_a, commit_b);
+       switch (parent_count) {
+       case 0:
+               MERGE_WARNING(path, "merge following commits not found");
+               break;
+
+       case 1:
+               MERGE_WARNING(path, "not fast-forward");
+               fprintf(stderr, "Found a possible merge resolution "
+                               "for the submodule:\n");
+               print_commit((struct commit *) merges.objects[0].item);
+               fprintf(stderr,
+                       "If this is correct simply add it to the index "
+                       "for example\n"
+                       "by using:\n\n"
+                       "  git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 %s \"%s\"\n\n"
+                       "which will accept this suggestion.\n",
+                       oid_to_hex(&merges.objects[0].item->oid), path);
+               break;
+
+       default:
+               MERGE_WARNING(path, "multiple merges found");
+               for (i = 0; i < merges.nr; i++)
+                       print_commit((struct commit *) merges.objects[i].item);
+       }
+
+       object_array_clear(&merges);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Embeds a single submodules git directory into the superprojects git dir,
+ * non recursively.
+ */
+static void relocate_single_git_dir_into_superproject(const char *prefix,
+                                                     const char *path)
+{
+       char *old_git_dir = NULL, *real_old_git_dir = NULL, *real_new_git_dir = NULL;
+       const char *new_git_dir;
+       const struct submodule *sub;
+
+       if (submodule_uses_worktrees(path))
+               die(_("relocate_gitdir for submodule '%s' with "
+                     "more than one worktree not supported"), path);
+
+       old_git_dir = xstrfmt("%s/.git", path);
+       if (read_gitfile(old_git_dir))
+               /* If it is an actual gitfile, it doesn't need migration. */
+               return;
+
+       real_old_git_dir = real_pathdup(old_git_dir, 1);
+
+       sub = submodule_from_path(&null_oid, path);
+       if (!sub)
+               die(_("could not lookup name for submodule '%s'"), path);
+
+       new_git_dir = git_path("modules/%s", sub->name);
+       if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(new_git_dir) < 0)
+               die(_("could not create directory '%s'"), new_git_dir);
+       real_new_git_dir = real_pathdup(new_git_dir, 1);
+
+       fprintf(stderr, _("Migrating git directory of '%s%s' from\n'%s' to\n'%s'\n"),
+               get_super_prefix_or_empty(), path,
+               real_old_git_dir, real_new_git_dir);
+
+       relocate_gitdir(path, real_old_git_dir, real_new_git_dir);
+
+       free(old_git_dir);
+       free(real_old_git_dir);
+       free(real_new_git_dir);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Migrate the git directory of the submodule given by path from
+ * having its git directory within the working tree to the git dir nested
+ * in its superprojects git dir under modules/.
+ */
+void absorb_git_dir_into_superproject(const char *prefix,
+                                     const char *path,
+                                     unsigned flags)
+{
+       int err_code;
+       const char *sub_git_dir;
+       struct strbuf gitdir = STRBUF_INIT;
+       strbuf_addf(&gitdir, "%s/.git", path);
+       sub_git_dir = resolve_gitdir_gently(gitdir.buf, &err_code);
+
+       /* Not populated? */
+       if (!sub_git_dir) {
+               const struct submodule *sub;
+
+               if (err_code == READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED) {
+                       /* unpopulated as expected */
+                       strbuf_release(&gitdir);
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               if (err_code != READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_REPO)
+                       /* We don't know what broke here. */
+                       read_gitfile_error_die(err_code, path, NULL);
+
+               /*
+               * Maybe populated, but no git directory was found?
+               * This can happen if the superproject is a submodule
+               * itself and was just absorbed. The absorption of the
+               * superproject did not rewrite the git file links yet,
+               * fix it now.
+               */
+               sub = submodule_from_path(&null_oid, path);
+               if (!sub)
+                       die(_("could not lookup name for submodule '%s'"), path);
+               connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(path,
+                       git_path("modules/%s", sub->name));
+       } else {
+               /* Is it already absorbed into the superprojects git dir? */
+               char *real_sub_git_dir = real_pathdup(sub_git_dir, 1);
+               char *real_common_git_dir = real_pathdup(get_git_common_dir(), 1);
+
+               if (!starts_with(real_sub_git_dir, real_common_git_dir))
+                       relocate_single_git_dir_into_superproject(prefix, path);
+
+               free(real_sub_git_dir);
+               free(real_common_git_dir);
+       }
+       strbuf_release(&gitdir);
+
+       if (flags & ABSORB_GITDIR_RECURSE_SUBMODULES) {
+               struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+               struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+               if (flags & ~ABSORB_GITDIR_RECURSE_SUBMODULES)
+                       die("BUG: we don't know how to pass the flags down?");
+
+               strbuf_addstr(&sb, get_super_prefix_or_empty());
+               strbuf_addstr(&sb, path);
+               strbuf_addch(&sb, '/');
+
+               cp.dir = path;
+               cp.git_cmd = 1;
+               cp.no_stdin = 1;
+               argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--super-prefix", sb.buf,
+                                          "submodule--helper",
+                                          "absorb-git-dirs", NULL);
+               prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+               if (run_command(&cp))
+                       die(_("could not recurse into submodule '%s'"), path);
+
+               strbuf_release(&sb);
+       }
+}
+
+const char *get_superproject_working_tree(void)
+{
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+       const char *one_up = real_path_if_valid("../");
+       const char *cwd = xgetcwd();
+       const char *ret = NULL;
+       const char *subpath;
+       int code;
+       ssize_t len;
+
+       if (!is_inside_work_tree())
+               /*
+                * FIXME:
+                * We might have a superproject, but it is harder
+                * to determine.
+                */
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (!one_up)
+               return NULL;
+
+       subpath = relative_path(cwd, one_up, &sb);
+
+       prepare_submodule_repo_env(&cp.env_array);
+       argv_array_pop(&cp.env_array);
+
+       argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--literal-pathspecs", "-C", "..",
+                       "ls-files", "-z", "--stage", "--full-name", "--",
+                       subpath, NULL);
+       strbuf_reset(&sb);
+
+       cp.no_stdin = 1;
+       cp.no_stderr = 1;
+       cp.out = -1;
+       cp.git_cmd = 1;
+
+       if (start_command(&cp))
+               die(_("could not start ls-files in .."));
+
+       len = strbuf_read(&sb, cp.out, PATH_MAX);
+       close(cp.out);
+
+       if (starts_with(sb.buf, "160000")) {
+               int super_sub_len;
+               int cwd_len = strlen(cwd);
+               char *super_sub, *super_wt;
+
+               /*
+                * There is a superproject having this repo as a submodule.
+                * The format is <mode> SP <hash> SP <stage> TAB <full name> \0,
+                * We're only interested in the name after the tab.
+                */
+               super_sub = strchr(sb.buf, '\t') + 1;
+               super_sub_len = sb.buf + sb.len - super_sub - 1;
+
+               if (super_sub_len > cwd_len ||
+                   strcmp(&cwd[cwd_len - super_sub_len], super_sub))
+                       die (_("BUG: returned path string doesn't match cwd?"));
+
+               super_wt = xstrdup(cwd);
+               super_wt[cwd_len - super_sub_len] = '\0';
+
+               ret = real_path(super_wt);
+               free(super_wt);
+       }
+       strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+       code = finish_command(&cp);
+
+       if (code == 128)
+               /* '../' is not a git repository */
+               return NULL;
+       if (code == 0 && len == 0)
+               /* There is an unrelated git repository at '../' */
+               return NULL;
+       if (code)
+               die(_("ls-tree returned unexpected return code %d"), code);
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Put the gitdir for a submodule (given relative to the main
+ * repository worktree) into `buf`, or return -1 on error.
+ */
+int submodule_to_gitdir(struct strbuf *buf, const char *submodule)
+{
+       const struct submodule *sub;
+       const char *git_dir;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       strbuf_reset(buf);
+       strbuf_addstr(buf, submodule);
+       strbuf_complete(buf, '/');
+       strbuf_addstr(buf, ".git");
+
+       git_dir = read_gitfile(buf->buf);
+       if (git_dir) {
+               strbuf_reset(buf);
+               strbuf_addstr(buf, git_dir);
+       }
+       if (!is_git_directory(buf->buf)) {
+               sub = submodule_from_path(&null_oid, submodule);
+               if (!sub) {
+                       ret = -1;
+                       goto cleanup;
+               }
+               strbuf_reset(buf);
+               strbuf_git_path(buf, "%s/%s", "modules", sub->name);
+       }
+
+cleanup:
+       return ret;
 }