NAME
----
-git-commit - Record your changes
+git-commit - Record changes to the repository
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git-commit' [-a] [-s] [-v] [(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg>] [-e] <file>...
+[verse]
+'git-commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u]
+ [(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg> | --amend]
+ [--no-verify] [-e] [--author <author>]
+ [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-Updates the index file for given paths, or all modified files if
-'-a' is specified, and makes a commit object. The command
-VISUAL and EDITOR environment variables to edit the commit log
-message.
+Use 'git commit' to store the current contents of the index in a new
+commit along with a log message describing the changes you have made.
+
+The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
+
+1. by using gitlink:git-add[1] to incrementally "add" changes to the
+ index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
+ files must be "added");
+
+2. by using gitlink:git-rm[1] to remove files from the working tree
+ and the index, again before using the 'commit' command;
+
+3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
+ case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
+ record the current content of the listed files;
+
+4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
+ "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
+ listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index
+ that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the
+ actual commit;
+
+5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one
+ by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the
+ operation. Currently, this is done by invoking `git-add --interactive`.
+
+The gitlink:git-status[1] command can be used to obtain a
+summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
+commit by giving the same set of parameters you would give to
+this command.
+
+If you make a commit and then found a mistake immediately after
+that, you can recover from it with gitlink:git-reset[1].
-This command can run `commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and
-`post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more
-information.
OPTIONS
-------
--a::
- Update all paths in the index file.
+-a|--all::
+ Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
+ been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
+ told git about are not affected.
-c or -C <commit>::
Take existing commit object, and reuse the log message
Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
read the message from the standard input.
--m <msg>::
+--author <author>::
+ Override the author name used in the commit. Use
+ `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format.
+
+-m <msg>|--message=<msg>::
Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
--s::
+-t <file>|--template=<file>::
+ Use the contents of the given file as the initial version
+ of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can
+ make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using
+ the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This
+ overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable.
+
+-s|--signoff::
Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
--v::
- Look for suspicious lines the commit introduces, and
- abort committing if there is one. The definition of
- 'suspicious lines' is currently the lines that has
- trailing whitespaces, and the lines whose indentation
- has a SP character immediately followed by a TAB
- character.
+--no-verify::
+ This option bypasses the pre-commit hook.
+ See also link:hooks.html[hooks].
--e::
+-e|--edit::
The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
further edit the message taken from these sources.
+--amend::
+
+ Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
+ object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
+ (this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
+ commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
+ tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
+ current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
+ the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
+ discarded.
++
+--
+It is a rough equivalent for:
+------
+ $ git reset --soft HEAD^
+ $ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ...
+ $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
+
+------
+but can be used to amend a merge commit.
+--
+
+-i|--include::
+ Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
+ stage the contents of paths given on the command line
+ as well. This is usually not what you want unless you
+ are concluding a conflicted merge.
+
+-u|--untracked-files::
+ Show all untracked files, also those in uninteresting
+ directories, in the "Untracked files:" section of commit
+ message template. Without this option only its name and
+ a trailing slash are displayed for each untracked
+ directory.
+
+-v|--verbose::
+ Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what
+ would be committed at the bottom of the commit message
+ template. Note that this diff output doesn't have its
+ lines prefixed with '#'.
+
+-q|--quiet::
+ Suppress commit summary message.
+
+\--::
+ Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
+
<file>...::
- Update specified paths in the index file before committing.
+ When files are given on the command line, the command
+ commits the contents of the named files, without
+ recording the changes already staged. The contents of
+ these files are also staged for the next commit on top
+ of what have been staged before.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
+your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
+called the "index" with gitlink:git-add[1]. Removal
+of a file is staged with gitlink:git-rm[1]. After building the
+state to be committed incrementally with these commands, `git
+commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
+has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the
+command. An example:
+------------
+$ edit hello.c
+$ git rm goodbye.c
+$ git add hello.c
+$ git commit
+------------
+
+Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can
+tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose
+contents are tracked in
+your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm`
+for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier
+example if there is no other change in your working tree:
+
+------------
+$ edit hello.c
+$ rm goodbye.c
+$ git commit -a
+------------
+
+The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree,
+notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c,
+and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you.
+
+After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the
+changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`.
+When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that
+only records the changes made to the named paths:
+
+------------
+$ edit hello.c hello.h
+$ git add hello.c hello.h
+$ edit Makefile
+$ git commit Makefile
+------------
+
+This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`.
+The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included
+in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost --
+they are still staged and merely held back. After the above
+sequence, if you do:
+
+------------
+$ git commit
+------------
+
+this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and
+`hello.h` as expected.
+
+After a merge (initiated by either gitlink:git-merge[1] or
+gitlink:git-pull[1]) stops because of conflicts, cleanly merged
+paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
+conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first
+check which paths are conflicting with gitlink:git-status[1]
+and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
+stage the result as usual with gitlink:git-add[1]:
+
+------------
+$ git status | grep unmerged
+unmerged: hello.c
+$ edit hello.c
+$ git add hello.c
+------------
+
+After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u`
+would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done,
+run `git commit` to finally record the merge:
+
+------------
+$ git commit
+------------
+
+As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a`
+option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge
+resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to
+alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge
+should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command
+refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option).
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
+with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
+change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
+Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line
+on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body.
+
+include::i18n.txt[]
+
+ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+---------------------------------------
+The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the
+GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
+VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that
+order).
+
+HOOKS
+-----
+This command can run `commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and
+`post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more
+information.
+
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+gitlink:git-add[1],
+gitlink:git-rm[1],
+gitlink:git-mv[1],
+gitlink:git-merge[1],
+gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
Author
------