NAME
----
-git-svn - bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git
+git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git
SYNOPSIS
--------
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
-branch and git.
+git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
+It is not to be confused with gitlink:git-svnimport[1], which is
+read-only.
-git-svn is not to be confused with git-svnimport. The were designed
-with very different goals in mind.
-
-git-svn is designed for an individual developer who wants a
+git-svn was originally designed for an individual developer who wants a
bidirectional flow of changesets between a single branch in Subversion
-and an arbitrary number of branches in git. git-svnimport is designed
-for read-only operation on repositories that match a particular layout
-(albeit the recommended one by SVN developers).
-
-For importing svn, git-svnimport is potentially more powerful when
-operating on repositories organized under the recommended
-trunk/branch/tags structure, and should be faster, too.
+and an arbitrary number of branches in git. Since its inception,
+git-svn has gained the ability to track multiple branches in a manner
+similar to git-svnimport.
-git-svn mostly ignores the very limited view of branching that
-Subversion has. This allows git-svn to be much easier to use,
-especially on repositories that are not organized in a manner that
-git-svnimport is designed for.
+git-svn is especially useful when it comes to tracking repositories
+not organized in the way Subversion developers recommend (trunk,
+branches, tags directories).
COMMANDS
--------
-init::
- Creates an empty git repository with additional metadata
- directories for git-svn. The Subversion URL must be specified
- as a command-line argument.
-
-fetch::
- Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion URL we are
- tracking. refs/remotes/git-svn will be updated to the
- latest revision.
-
- Note: You should never attempt to modify the remotes/git-svn
- branch outside of git-svn. Instead, create a branch from
- remotes/git-svn and work on that branch. Use the 'commit'
- command (see below) to write git commits back to
- remotes/git-svn.
-
- See 'Additional Fetch Arguments' if you are interested in
- manually joining branches on commit.
-
-commit::
+--
+
+'init'::
+ Initializes an empty git repository with additional
+ metadata directories for git-svn. The Subversion URL
+ may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
+ URL arguments to -T/-t/-b. Optionally, the target
+ directory to operate on can be specified as a second
+ argument. Normally this command initializes the current
+ directory.
+
+-T<trunk_subdir>::
+--trunk=<trunk_subdir>::
+-t<tags_subdir>::
+--tags=<tags_subdir>::
+-b<branches_subdir>::
+--branches=<branches_subdir>::
+ These are optional command-line options for init. Each of
+ these flags can point to a relative repository path
+ (--tags=project/tags') or a full url
+ (--tags=https://foo.org/project/tags)
+
+--no-metadata::
+ Set the 'noMetadata' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--use-svm-props::
+ Set the 'useSvmProps' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--use-svnsync-props::
+ Set the 'useSvnsyncProps' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--rewrite-root=<URL>::
+ Set the 'rewriteRoot' option in the [svn-remote] config.
+--username=<USER>::
+ For transports that SVN handles authentication for (http,
+ https, and plain svn), specify the username. For other
+ transports (eg svn+ssh://), you must include the username in
+ the URL, eg svn+ssh://foo@svn.bar.com/project
+
+--prefix=<prefix>::
+ This allows one to specify a prefix which is prepended
+ to the names of remotes if trunk/branches/tags are
+ specified. The prefix does not automatically include a
+ trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the
+ argument if that is what you want. This is useful if
+ you wish to track multiple projects that share a common
+ repository.
+
+'fetch'::
+
+ Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are
+ tracking. The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the
+ .git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line
+ argument.
+
+'clone'::
+ Runs 'init' and 'fetch'. It will automatically create a
+ directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it;
+ or if a second argument is passed; it will create a directory
+ and work within that. It accepts all arguments that the
+ 'init' and 'fetch' commands accept; with the exception of
+ '--fetch-all'. After a repository is cloned, the 'fetch'
+ command will be able to update revisions without affecting
+ the working tree; and the 'rebase' command will be able
+ to update the working tree with the latest changes.
+
+'rebase'::
+ This fetches revisions from the SVN parent of the current HEAD
+ and rebases the current (uncommitted to SVN) work against it.
+
+This works similarly to 'svn update' or 'git-pull' except that
+it preserves linear history with 'git-rebase' instead of
+'git-merge' for ease of dcommit-ing with git-svn.
+
+This accepts all options that 'git-svn fetch' and 'git-rebase'
+accepts. However '--fetch-all' only fetches from the current
+[svn-remote], and not all [svn-remote] definitions.
+
+Like 'git-rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean
+and have no uncommitted changes.
+
+'dcommit'::
+ Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN
+ repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
+ not there is a diff between SVN and head). This will create
+ a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
+ It is recommended that you run git-svn fetch and rebase (not
+ pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the
+ SVN repository.
+ An optional command-line argument may be specified as an
+ alternative to HEAD.
+ This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces
+ cleaner, more linear history.
+--
+
+'log'::
+ This should make it easy to look up svn log messages when svn
+ users refer to -r/--revision numbers.
++
+The following features from `svn log' are supported:
++
+--
+--revision=<n>[:<n>];;
+ is supported, non-numeric args are not:
+ HEAD, NEXT, BASE, PREV, etc ...
+-v/--verbose;;
+ it's not completely compatible with the --verbose
+ output in svn log, but reasonably close.
+--limit=<n>;;
+ is NOT the same as --max-count, doesn't count
+ merged/excluded commits
+--incremental;;
+ supported
+--
++
+New features:
++
+--
+--show-commit;;
+ shows the git commit sha1, as well
+--oneline;;
+ our version of --pretty=oneline
+--
++
+Any other arguments are passed directly to `git log'
+
+--
+'set-tree'::
+ You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN. This relies on
your imported fetch data being up-to-date. This makes
absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it
commit. All merging is assumed to have taken place
independently of git-svn functions.
-rebuild::
- Not a part of daily usage, but this is a useful command if
- you've just cloned a repository (using git-clone) that was
- tracked with git-svn. Unfortunately, git-clone does not clone
- git-svn metadata and the svn working tree that git-svn uses for
- its operations. This rebuilds the metadata so git-svn can
- resume fetch operations. A Subversion URL may be optionally
- specified at the command-line if the directory/repository you're
- tracking has moved or changed protocols.
-
-show-ignore::
+'show-ignore'::
Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on
directories. The output is suitable for appending to
the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
+'commit-diff'::
+ Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the
+ command-line. This command is intended for interoperability with
+ git-svnimport and does not rely on being inside an git-svn
+ init-ed repository. This command takes three arguments, (a) the
+ original tree to diff against, (b) the new tree result, (c) the
+ URL of the target Subversion repository. The final argument
+ (URL) may be omitted if you are working from a git-svn-aware
+ repository (that has been init-ed with git-svn).
+ The -r<revision> option is required for this.
+
+--
+
OPTIONS
-------
+--
+
+--shared[={false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody}]::
+--template=<template_directory>::
+ Only used with the 'init' command.
+ These are passed directly to gitlink:git-init[1].
+
-r <ARG>::
--revision <ARG>::
- Only used with the 'fetch' command.
- Takes any valid -r<argument> svn would accept and passes it
- directly to svn. -r<ARG1>:<ARG2> ranges and "{" DATE "}" syntax
- is also supported. This is passed directly to svn, see svn
- documentation for more details.
+Used with the 'fetch' command.
+
+This allows revision ranges for partial/cauterized history
+to be supported. $NUMBER, $NUMBER1:$NUMBER2 (numeric ranges),
+$NUMBER:HEAD, and BASE:$NUMBER are all supported.
- This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch.
+This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch;
+but is generally not recommended because history will be skipped
+and lost.
-::
--stdin::
- Only used with the 'commit' command.
- Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse
- order. Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
- git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used.
+Only used with the 'set-tree' command.
+
+Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse
+order. Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
+git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used.
--rmdir::
- Only used with the 'commit' command.
- Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
- behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
- removed by default if there are no files left in them. git
- cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make
- the commit to SVN act like git.
+Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
+
+Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
+behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
+removed by default if there are no files left in them. git
+cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make
+the commit to SVN act like git.
- repo-config key: svn.rmdir
+config key: svn.rmdir
-e::
--edit::
- Only used with the 'commit' command.
- Edit the commit message before committing to SVN. This is off by
- default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing
- tree objects.
+Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
- repo-config key: svn.edit
+Edit the commit message before committing to SVN. This is off by
+default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing
+tree objects.
+
+config key: svn.edit
-l<num>::
--find-copies-harder::
- Both of these are only used with the 'commit' command.
- They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see
- git-diff-tree(1) for more information.
+Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands.
+
+They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see
+gitlink:git-diff-tree[1] for more information.
- repo-config key: svn.l
- repo-config key: svn.findcopiesharder
+[verse]
+config key: svn.l
+config key: svn.findcopiesharder
-A<filename>::
--authors-file=<filename>::
- Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and
- git-cvsimport:
+Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and
+git-cvsimport:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-loginname = Joe User <user@example.com>
+ loginname = Joe User <user@example.com>
------------------------------------------------------------------------
- If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN
- committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn
- will abort operation. The user will then have to add the
- appropriate entry. Re-running the previous git-svn command
- after the authors-file is modified should continue operation.
+If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN
+committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn
+will abort operation. The user will then have to add the
+appropriate entry. Re-running the previous git-svn command
+after the authors-file is modified should continue operation.
- repo-config key: svn.authors-file
+config key: svn.authorsfile
-ADVANCED OPTIONS
-----------------
--b<refname>::
---branch <refname>::
- Used with 'fetch' or 'commit'.
+-q::
+--quiet::
+ Make git-svn less verbose.
+
+--repack[=<n>]::
+--repack-flags=<flags>::
- This can be used to join arbitrary git branches to remotes/git-svn
- on new commits where the tree object is equivalent.
+These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches
+with many revisions.
- When used with different GIT_SVN_ID values, tags and branches in
- SVN can be tracked this way, as can some merges where the heads
- end up having completely equivalent content. This can even be
- used to track branches across multiple SVN _repositories_.
+--repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions
+to fetch before repacking. This defaults to repacking every
+1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified.
- This option may be specified multiple times, once for each
- branch.
+--repack-flags are passed directly to gitlink:git-repack[1].
- repo-config key: svn.branch
+[verse]
+config key: svn.repack
+config key: svn.repackflags
+
+-m::
+--merge::
+-s<strategy>::
+--strategy=<strategy>::
+
+These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands.
+
+Passed directly to git-rebase when using 'dcommit' if a
+'git-reset' cannot be used (see dcommit).
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+
+This is only used with the 'dcommit' command.
+
+Print out the series of git arguments that would show
+which diffs would be committed to SVN.
+
+--
+
+ADVANCED OPTIONS
+----------------
+--
-i<GIT_SVN_ID>::
--id <GIT_SVN_ID>::
- This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment). See
- the section on "Tracking Multiple Repositories or Branches" for
- more information on using GIT_SVN_ID.
-COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS
----------------------
---upgrade::
- Only used with the 'rebuild' command.
+This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment). This
+allows the user to override the default refname to fetch from
+when tracking a single URL. The 'log' and 'dcommit' commands
+no longer require this switch as an argument.
+
+-R<remote name>::
+--svn-remote <remote name>::
+ Specify the [svn-remote "<remote name>"] section to use,
+ this allows SVN multiple repositories to be tracked.
+ Default: "svn"
+
+--follow-parent::
+ This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
+ that has been moved around within the repository, or if we
+ started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was
+ descended from. This feature is enabled by default, use
+ --no-follow-parent to disable it.
+
+config key: svn.followparent
- Run this if you used an old version of git-svn that used
- "git-svn-HEAD" instead of "remotes/git-svn" as the branch
- for tracking the remote.
+--
+CONFIG FILE-ONLY OPTIONS
+------------------------
+--
---no-ignore-externals::
- Only used with the 'fetch' and 'rebuild' command.
+svn.noMetadata::
+svn-remote.<name>.noMetadata::
- By default, git-svn passes --ignore-externals to svn to avoid
- fetching svn:external trees into git. Pass this flag to enable
- externals tracking directly via git.
+This gets rid of the git-svn-id: lines at the end of every commit.
- Versions of svn that do not support --ignore-externals are
- automatically detected and this flag will be automatically
- enabled for them.
+If you lose your .git/svn/git-svn/.rev_db file, git-svn will not
+be able to rebuild it and you won't be able to fetch again,
+either. This is fine for one-shot imports.
- Otherwise, do not enable this flag unless you know what you're
- doing.
+The 'git-svn log' command will not work on repositories using
+this, either. Using this conflicts with the 'useSvmProps'
+option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.
- repo-config key: svn.noignoreexternals
+svn.useSvmProps::
+svn-remote.<name>.useSvmProps::
-Basic Examples
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+This allows git-svn to re-map repository URLs and UUIDs from
+mirrors created using SVN::Mirror (or svk) for metadata.
-Tracking and contributing to an Subversion managed-project:
+If an SVN revision has a property, "svm:headrev", it is likely
+that the revision was created by SVN::Mirror (also used by SVK).
+The property contains a repository UUID and a revision. We want
+to make it look like we are mirroring the original URL, so
+introduce a helper function that returns the original identity
+URL and UUID, and use it when generating metadata in commit
+messages.
+
+svn.useSvnsyncProps::
+svn-remote.<name>.useSvnsyncprops::
+ Similar to the useSvmProps option; this is for users
+ of the svnsync(1) command distributed with SVN 1.4.x and
+ later.
+
+svn-remote.<name>.rewriteRoot::
+ This allows users to create repositories from alternate
+ URLs. For example, an administrator could run git-svn on the
+ server locally (accessing via file://) but wish to distribute
+ the repository with a public http:// or svn:// URL in the
+ metadata so users of it will see the public URL.
+
+Since the noMetadata, rewriteRoot, useSvnsyncProps and useSvmProps
+options all affect the metadata generated and used by git-svn; they
+*must* be set in the configuration file before any history is imported
+and these settings should never be changed once they are set.
+
+Additionally, only one of these four options can be used per-svn-remote
+section because they affect the 'git-svn-id:' metadata line.
+
+--
+
+BASIC EXAMPLES
+--------------
+
+Tracking and contributing to a the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Initialize a tree (like git init-db):
- git-svn init http://svn.foo.org/project/trunk
-# Fetch remote revisions:
- git-svn fetch
-# Create your own branch to hack on:
- git checkout -b my-branch remotes/git-svn
-# Commit only the git commits you want to SVN:
- git-svn commit <tree-ish> [<tree-ish_2> ...]
-# Commit all the git commits from my-branch that don't exist in SVN:
- git-svn commit remotes/git-svn..my-branch
-# Something is committed to SVN, pull the latest into your branch:
- git-svn fetch && git pull . remotes/git-svn
+# Clone a repo (like git clone):
+ git-svn clone http://svn.foo.org/project/trunk
+# Enter the newly cloned directory:
+ cd trunk
+# You should be on master branch, double-check with git-branch
+ git branch
+# Do some work and commit locally to git:
+ git commit ...
+# Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
+# latest changes in SVN:
+ git-svn rebase
+# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
+# as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
+ git-svn dcommit
# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
git-svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
------------------
-Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development
-with Subversion is cumbersome as a result. git-svn completely forgoes
-any automated merge/branch tracking on the Subversion side and leaves it
-entirely up to the user on the git side. It's simply not worth it to do
-a useful translation when the original signal is weak.
-
-TRACKING MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES OR BRANCHES
-------------------------------------------
-This is for advanced users, most users should ignore this section.
-
-Because git-svn does not care about relationships between different
-branches or directories in a Subversion repository, git-svn has a simple
-hack to allow it to track an arbitrary number of related _or_ unrelated
-SVN repositories via one git repository. Simply set the GIT_SVN_ID
-environment variable to a name other other than "git-svn" (the default)
-and git-svn will ignore the contents of the $GIT_DIR/git-svn directory
-and instead do all of its work in $GIT_DIR/$GIT_SVN_ID for that
-invocation. The interface branch will be remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID, instead of
-remotes/git-svn. Any remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID branch should never be modified
-by the user outside of git-svn commands.
-
-ADDITIONAL FETCH ARGUMENTS
---------------------------
-This is for advanced users, most users should ignore this section.
-
-Unfetched SVN revisions may be imported as children of existing commits
-by specifying additional arguments to 'fetch'. Additional parents may
-optionally be specified in the form of sha1 hex sums at the
-command-line. Unfetched SVN revisions may also be tied to particular
-git commits with the following syntax:
-
- svn_revision_number=git_commit_sha1
-
-This allows you to tie unfetched SVN revision 375 to your current HEAD::
-
- `git-svn fetch 375=$(git-rev-parse HEAD)`
-
-Advanced Example: Tracking a Reorganized Repository
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-If you're tracking a directory that has moved, or otherwise been
-branched or tagged off of another directory in the repository and you
-care about the full history of the project, then you can read this
-section.
-
-This is how Yann Dirson tracked the trunk of the ufoai directory when
-the /trunk directory of his repository was moved to /ufoai/trunk and
-he needed to continue tracking /ufoai/trunk where /trunk left off.
+Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project
+(complete with a trunk, tags and branches):
------------------------------------------------------------------------
- # This log message shows when the repository was reorganized:
- r166 | ydirson | 2006-03-02 01:36:55 +0100 (Thu, 02 Mar 2006) | 1 line
- Changed paths:
- D /trunk
- A /ufoai/trunk (from /trunk:165)
-
- # First we start tracking the old revisions:
- GIT_SVN_ID=git-oldsvn git-svn init \
- https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/ufoai/trunk
- GIT_SVN_ID=git-oldsvn git-svn fetch -r1:165
-
- # And now, we continue tracking the new revisions:
- GIT_SVN_ID=git-newsvn git-svn init \
- https://svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/ufoai/ufoai/trunk
- GIT_SVN_ID=git-newsvn git-svn fetch \
- 166=`git-rev-parse refs/remotes/git-oldsvn`
+# Clone a repo (like git clone):
+ git-svn clone http://svn.foo.org/project -T trunk -b branches -t tags
+# View all branches and tags you have cloned:
+ git branch -r
+# Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk'
+# with the appropriate name):
+ git reset --hard remotes/trunk
+# You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time. The usage
+# of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be the same as above.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
+REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE
+---------------------
+
+Originally, git-svn recommended that the remotes/git-svn branch be
+pulled or merged from. This is because the author favored
+'git-svn set-tree B' to commit a single head rather than the
+'git-svn set-tree A..B' notation to commit multiple commits.
+
+If you use 'git-svn set-tree A..B' to commit several diffs and you do
+not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should
+use 'git-svn rebase' to update your work branch instead of 'git pull' or
+'git merge'. 'pull/merge' can cause non-linear history to be flattened
+when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing
+previous commits in SVN.
+
+DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
+-----------------
+Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development
+with Subversion is cumbersome as a result. git-svn does not do
+automated merge/branch tracking by default and leaves it entirely up to
+the user on the git side. git-svn does however follow copy
+history of the directory that it is tracking, however (much like
+how 'svn log' works).
+
BUGS
----
-If somebody commits a conflicting changeset to SVN at a bad moment
-(right before you commit) causing a conflict and your commit to fail,
-your svn working tree ($GIT_DIR/git-svn/tree) may be dirtied. The
-easiest thing to do is probably just to rm -rf $GIT_DIR/git-svn/tree and
-run 'rebuild'.
-We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Too difficult to
-map them since we rely heavily on git write-tree being _exactly_ the
-same on both the SVN and git working trees and I prefer not to clutter
-working trees with metadata files.
-
-svn:keywords can't be ignored in Subversion (at least I don't know of
-a way to ignore them).
+We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Any unhandled
+properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for
this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
-the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Renamed and
-copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough for git to
-detect them.
+the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Committing
+renamed and copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough
+for git to detect them.
+
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+git-svn stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
+repository .git/config file. It is similar the core git
+[remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
+arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
+and 'tags' keys. Since some SVN repositories are oddly
+configured with multiple projects glob expansions such those
+listed below are allowed:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[svn-remote "project-a"]
+ url = http://server.org/svn
+ branches = branches/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+ tags = tags/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+ trunk = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Keep in mind that the '*' (asterisk) wildcard of the local ref
+(left of the ':') *must* be the farthest right path component;
+however the remote wildcard may be anywhere as long as it's own
+independent path componet (surrounded by '/' or EOL). This
+type of configuration is not automatically created by 'init' and
+should be manually entered with a text-editor or using
+gitlink:git-config[1]
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+gitlink:git-rebase[1]
Author
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