include agent identifier in capability string
[gitweb.git] / compat / mingw.c
index 4e559bdc93dbee413fd574168fd382e4682a0092..afc892d6b1837d807490f42790bf29686d074a10 100644 (file)
@@ -1,6 +1,526 @@
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#include "win32.h"
+#include <conio.h>
+#include "../strbuf.h"
+#include "../run-command.h"
 
-unsigned int _CRT_fmode = _O_BINARY;
+static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
+
+int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr)
+{
+       int error = ENOSYS;
+       switch(winerr) {
+       case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
+       case ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW: error = ERANGE; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE: error = ENODEV; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_DRIVER_LEVEL: error = ENXIO; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_LENGTH: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME: error = ENOENT; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_UNIT: error = ENODEV; break;
+       case ERROR_BAD_USERNAME: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
+       case ERROR_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: error = ENOSYS; break;
+       case ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_CANTOPEN: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_CANTREAD: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_CANTWRITE: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_CRC: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST: error = ENODEV; break;
+       case ERROR_DIRECTORY: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY: error = ENOTEMPTY; break;
+       case ERROR_DISK_CHANGE: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
+       case ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+       case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
+       case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
+       case ERROR_FILE_INVALID: error = ENODEV; break;
+       case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
+       case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
+       case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER: error = ENOMEM; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS: error = EFAULT; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK: error = EFAULT; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_DATA: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE: error = ENODEV; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION: error = ENOSYS; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: error = EBADF; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_NAME: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD: error = EPERM; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_PRIMARY_GROUP: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_SIGNAL_NUMBER: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_TARGET_HANDLE: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_IO_DEVICE: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE: error = EINTR; break;
+       case ERROR_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_MAPPED_ALIGNMENT: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_META_EXPANSION_TOO_LONG: error = E2BIG; break;
+       case ERROR_MORE_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK: error = ESPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_NOACCESS: error = EFAULT; break;
+       case ERROR_NONE_MAPPED: error = EINVAL; break;
+       case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
+       case ERROR_NOT_READY: error = EAGAIN; break;
+       case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE: error = EXDEV; break;
+       case ERROR_NO_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_NO_PROC_SLOTS: error = EAGAIN; break;
+       case ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_OPEN_FILES: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: error = EINTR; break;
+       case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
+       case ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_PATH_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
+       case ERROR_PIPE_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+       case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_PIPE_LISTENING: error = EPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_READ_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_SEEK: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE: error = ESPIPE; break;
+       case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED: error = ENFILE; break;
+       case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
+       case ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW: error = ENOMEM; break;
+       case ERROR_SWAPERROR: error = ENOENT; break;
+       case ERROR_TOO_MANY_MODULES: error = EMFILE; break;
+       case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: error = EMFILE; break;
+       case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_MEDIA: error = ENXIO; break;
+       case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME: error = ENODEV; break;
+       case ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN: error = ECHILD; break;
+       case ERROR_WRITE_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
+       case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT: error = EROFS; break;
+       }
+       return error;
+}
+
+static inline int is_file_in_use_error(DWORD errcode)
+{
+       switch (errcode) {
+       case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
+       case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_yes_no_answer(void)
+{
+       char answer[1024];
+
+       if (fgets(answer, sizeof(answer), stdin)) {
+               size_t answer_len = strlen(answer);
+               int got_full_line = 0, c;
+
+               /* remove the newline */
+               if (answer_len >= 2 && answer[answer_len-2] == '\r') {
+                       answer[answer_len-2] = '\0';
+                       got_full_line = 1;
+               } else if (answer_len >= 1 && answer[answer_len-1] == '\n') {
+                       answer[answer_len-1] = '\0';
+                       got_full_line = 1;
+               }
+               /* flush the buffer in case we did not get the full line */
+               if (!got_full_line)
+                       while ((c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n')
+                               ;
+       } else
+               /* we could not read, return the
+                * default answer which is no */
+               return 0;
+
+       if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'y' && !answer[1])
+               return 1;
+       if (!strncasecmp(answer, "yes", sizeof(answer)))
+               return 1;
+       if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'n' && !answer[1])
+               return 0;
+       if (!strncasecmp(answer, "no", sizeof(answer)))
+               return 0;
+
+       /* did not find an answer we understand */
+       return -1;
+}
+
+static int ask_yes_no_if_possible(const char *format, ...)
+{
+       char question[4096];
+       const char *retry_hook[] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
+       va_list args;
+
+       va_start(args, format);
+       vsnprintf(question, sizeof(question), format, args);
+       va_end(args);
+
+       if ((retry_hook[0] = mingw_getenv("GIT_ASK_YESNO"))) {
+               retry_hook[1] = question;
+               return !run_command_v_opt(retry_hook, 0);
+       }
+
+       if (!isatty(_fileno(stdin)) || !isatty(_fileno(stderr)))
+               return 0;
+
+       while (1) {
+               int answer;
+               fprintf(stderr, "%s (y/n) ", question);
+
+               if ((answer = read_yes_no_answer()) >= 0)
+                       return answer;
+
+               fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, I did not understand your answer. "
+                               "Please type 'y' or 'n'\n");
+       }
+}
+
+#undef unlink
+int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
+{
+       int ret, tries = 0;
+
+       /* read-only files cannot be removed */
+       chmod(pathname, 0666);
+       while ((ret = unlink(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
+               if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
+                       break;
+               /*
+                * We assume that some other process had the source or
+                * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
+                * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
+                * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
+                * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
+                */
+               Sleep(delay[tries]);
+               tries++;
+       }
+       while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
+              ask_yes_no_if_possible("Unlink of file '%s' failed. "
+                       "Should I try again?", pathname))
+              ret = unlink(pathname);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int is_dir_empty(const char *path)
+{
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
+       HANDLE handle;
+
+       strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\\*", path);
+       handle = FindFirstFileA(buf.buf, &findbuf);
+       if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
+               return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
+       }
+
+       while (!strcmp(findbuf.cFileName, ".") ||
+                       !strcmp(findbuf.cFileName, ".."))
+               if (!FindNextFile(handle, &findbuf)) {
+                       strbuf_release(&buf);
+                       return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
+               }
+       FindClose(handle);
+       strbuf_release(&buf);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#undef rmdir
+int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
+{
+       int ret, tries = 0;
+
+       while ((ret = rmdir(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
+               if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
+                       break;
+               if (!is_dir_empty(pathname)) {
+                       errno = ENOTEMPTY;
+                       break;
+               }
+               /*
+                * We assume that some other process had the source or
+                * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
+                * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
+                * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
+                * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
+                */
+               Sleep(delay[tries]);
+               tries++;
+       }
+       while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
+              ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
+                       "Should I try again?", pathname))
+              ret = rmdir(pathname);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+#undef open
+int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
+{
+       va_list args;
+       unsigned mode;
+       int fd;
+
+       va_start(args, oflags);
+       mode = va_arg(args, int);
+       va_end(args);
+
+       if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
+               filename = "nul";
+
+       fd = open(filename, oflags, mode);
+
+       if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EACCES) {
+               DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(filename);
+               if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+                       errno = EISDIR;
+       }
+       return fd;
+}
+
+#undef write
+ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+       /*
+        * While write() calls to a file on a local disk are translated
+        * into WriteFile() calls with a maximum size of 64KB on Windows
+        * XP and 256KB on Vista, no such cap is placed on writes to
+        * files over the network on Windows XP.  Unfortunately, there
+        * seems to be a limit of 32MB-28KB on X64 and 64MB-32KB on x86;
+        * bigger writes fail on Windows XP.
+        * So we cap to a nice 31MB here to avoid write failures over
+        * the net without changing the number of WriteFile() calls in
+        * the local case.
+        */
+       return write(fd, buf, min(count, 31 * 1024 * 1024));
+}
+
+#undef fopen
+FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
+{
+       if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
+               filename = "nul";
+       return fopen(filename, otype);
+}
+
+#undef freopen
+FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
+{
+       if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
+               filename = "nul";
+       return freopen(filename, otype, stream);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
+ * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
+ */
+static inline long long filetime_to_hnsec(const FILETIME *ft)
+{
+       long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime;
+       /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
+       return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
+}
+
+static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
+{
+       return (time_t)(filetime_to_hnsec(ft) / 10000000);
+}
+
+/* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
+ * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
+ * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
+ *
+ * If follow is true then act like stat() and report on the link
+ * target. Otherwise report on the link itself.
+ */
+static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+       int err;
+       WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
+
+       if (!(err = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
+               buf->st_ino = 0;
+               buf->st_gid = 0;
+               buf->st_uid = 0;
+               buf->st_nlink = 1;
+               buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
+               buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
+                       (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
+               buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
+               buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
+               buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
+               buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
+               if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+                       WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
+                       HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileA(file_name, &findbuf);
+                       if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                               if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
+                                               (findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
+                                       if (follow) {
+                                               char buffer[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
+                                               buf->st_size = readlink(file_name, buffer, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
+                                       } else {
+                                               buf->st_mode = S_IFLNK;
+                                       }
+                                       buf->st_mode |= S_IREAD;
+                                       if (!(findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
+                                               buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
+                               }
+                               FindClose(handle);
+                       }
+               }
+               return 0;
+       }
+       errno = err;
+       return -1;
+}
+
+/* We provide our own lstat/fstat functions, since the provided
+ * lstat/fstat functions are so slow. These stat functions are
+ * tailored for Git's usage (read: fast), and are not meant to be
+ * complete. Note that Git stat()s are redirected to mingw_lstat()
+ * too, since Windows doesn't really handle symlinks that well.
+ */
+static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+       int namelen;
+       static char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
+
+       if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
+               return 0;
+
+       /* if file_name ended in a '/', Windows returned ENOENT;
+        * try again without trailing slashes
+        */
+       if (errno != ENOENT)
+               return -1;
+
+       namelen = strlen(file_name);
+       if (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] != '/')
+               return -1;
+       while (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] == '/')
+               --namelen;
+       if (!namelen || namelen >= PATH_MAX)
+               return -1;
+
+       memcpy(alt_name, file_name, namelen);
+       alt_name[namelen] = 0;
+       return do_lstat(follow, alt_name, buf);
+}
+
+int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+       return do_stat_internal(0, file_name, buf);
+}
+int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
+{
+       return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
+}
+
+#undef fstat
+int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
+{
+       HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+       BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
+
+       if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               errno = EBADF;
+               return -1;
+       }
+       /* direct non-file handles to MS's fstat() */
+       if (GetFileType(fh) != FILE_TYPE_DISK)
+               return _fstati64(fd, buf);
+
+       if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &fdata)) {
+               buf->st_ino = 0;
+               buf->st_gid = 0;
+               buf->st_uid = 0;
+               buf->st_nlink = 1;
+               buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
+               buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
+                       (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
+               buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
+               buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
+               buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
+               buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
+               return 0;
+       }
+       errno = EBADF;
+       return -1;
+}
+
+static inline void time_t_to_filetime(time_t t, FILETIME *ft)
+{
+       long long winTime = t * 10000000LL + 116444736000000000LL;
+       ft->dwLowDateTime = winTime;
+       ft->dwHighDateTime = winTime >> 32;
+}
+
+int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
+{
+       FILETIME mft, aft;
+       int fh, rc;
+
+       /* must have write permission */
+       DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(file_name);
+       if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
+           (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
+               /* ignore errors here; open() will report them */
+               SetFileAttributes(file_name, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
+       }
+
+       if ((fh = open(file_name, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+               rc = -1;
+               goto revert_attrs;
+       }
+
+       if (times) {
+               time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
+               time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
+       } else {
+               GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&mft);
+               aft = mft;
+       }
+       if (!SetFileTime((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fh), NULL, &aft, &mft)) {
+               errno = EINVAL;
+               rc = -1;
+       } else
+               rc = 0;
+       close(fh);
+
+revert_attrs:
+       if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
+           (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
+               /* ignore errors again */
+               SetFileAttributes(file_name, attrs);
+       }
+       return rc;
+}
 
 unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 {
@@ -18,12 +538,38 @@ int mkstemp(char *template)
 
 int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz)
 {
-       return -1;
+       FILETIME ft;
+       long long hnsec;
+
+       GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
+       hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(&ft);
+       tv->tv_sec = hnsec / 10000000;
+       tv->tv_usec = (hnsec % 10000000) / 10;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-int poll(struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int nfds, int timeout)
+int pipe(int filedes[2])
 {
-       return -1;
+       HANDLE h[2];
+
+       /* this creates non-inheritable handles */
+       if (!CreatePipe(&h[0], &h[1], NULL, 8192)) {
+               errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+               return -1;
+       }
+       filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[0], O_NOINHERIT);
+       if (filedes[0] < 0) {
+               CloseHandle(h[0]);
+               CloseHandle(h[1]);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[1], O_NOINHERIT);
+       if (filedes[0] < 0) {
+               close(filedes[0]);
+               CloseHandle(h[1]);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       return 0;
 }
 
 struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
@@ -53,18 +599,1169 @@ char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
        return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft(vs.71).aspx
+ * (Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments)
+ */
+static const char *quote_arg(const char *arg)
+{
+       /* count chars to quote */
+       int len = 0, n = 0;
+       int force_quotes = 0;
+       char *q, *d;
+       const char *p = arg;
+       if (!*p) force_quotes = 1;
+       while (*p) {
+               if (isspace(*p) || *p == '*' || *p == '?' || *p == '{' || *p == '\'')
+                       force_quotes = 1;
+               else if (*p == '"')
+                       n++;
+               else if (*p == '\\') {
+                       int count = 0;
+                       while (*p == '\\') {
+                               count++;
+                               p++;
+                               len++;
+                       }
+                       if (*p == '"')
+                               n += count*2 + 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               len++;
+               p++;
+       }
+       if (!force_quotes && n == 0)
+               return arg;
+
+       /* insert \ where necessary */
+       d = q = xmalloc(len+n+3);
+       *d++ = '"';
+       while (*arg) {
+               if (*arg == '"')
+                       *d++ = '\\';
+               else if (*arg == '\\') {
+                       int count = 0;
+                       while (*arg == '\\') {
+                               count++;
+                               *d++ = *arg++;
+                       }
+                       if (*arg == '"') {
+                               while (count-- > 0)
+                                       *d++ = '\\';
+                               *d++ = '\\';
+                       }
+               }
+               *d++ = *arg++;
+       }
+       *d++ = '"';
+       *d++ = 0;
+       return q;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_interpreter(const char *cmd)
+{
+       static char buf[100];
+       char *p, *opt;
+       int n, fd;
+
+       /* don't even try a .exe */
+       n = strlen(cmd);
+       if (n >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+n-4, ".exe"))
+               return NULL;
+
+       fd = open(cmd, O_RDONLY);
+       if (fd < 0)
+               return NULL;
+       n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
+       close(fd);
+       if (n < 4)      /* at least '#!/x' and not error */
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (buf[0] != '#' || buf[1] != '!')
+               return NULL;
+       buf[n] = '\0';
+       p = buf + strcspn(buf, "\r\n");
+       if (!*p)
+               return NULL;
+
+       *p = '\0';
+       if (!(p = strrchr(buf+2, '/')) && !(p = strrchr(buf+2, '\\')))
+               return NULL;
+       /* strip options */
+       if ((opt = strchr(p+1, ' ')))
+               *opt = '\0';
+       return p+1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Splits the PATH into parts.
+ */
+static char **get_path_split(void)
+{
+       char *p, **path, *envpath = mingw_getenv("PATH");
+       int i, n = 0;
+
+       if (!envpath || !*envpath)
+               return NULL;
+
+       envpath = xstrdup(envpath);
+       p = envpath;
+       while (p) {
+               char *dir = p;
+               p = strchr(p, ';');
+               if (p) *p++ = '\0';
+               if (*dir) {     /* not earlier, catches series of ; */
+                       ++n;
+               }
+       }
+       if (!n)
+               return NULL;
+
+       path = xmalloc((n+1)*sizeof(char *));
+       p = envpath;
+       i = 0;
+       do {
+               if (*p)
+                       path[i++] = xstrdup(p);
+               p = p+strlen(p)+1;
+       } while (i < n);
+       path[i] = NULL;
+
+       free(envpath);
+
+       return path;
+}
+
+static void free_path_split(char **path)
+{
+       char **p = path;
+
+       if (!path)
+               return;
+
+       while (*p)
+               free(*p++);
+       free(path);
+}
+
+/*
+ * exe_only means that we only want to detect .exe files, but not scripts
+ * (which do not have an extension)
+ */
+static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, const char *cmd, int isexe, int exe_only)
+{
+       char path[MAX_PATH];
+       snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.exe", dir, cmd);
+
+       if (!isexe && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
+               return xstrdup(path);
+       path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
+       if ((!exe_only || isexe) && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
+               if (!(GetFileAttributes(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+                       return xstrdup(path);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the split path in path.
+ * If cmd contains a slash or backslash, no lookup is performed.
+ */
+static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, char **path, int exe_only)
+{
+       char *prog = NULL;
+       int len = strlen(cmd);
+       int isexe = len >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+len-4, ".exe");
+
+       if (strchr(cmd, '/') || strchr(cmd, '\\'))
+               prog = xstrdup(cmd);
+
+       while (!prog && *path)
+               prog = lookup_prog(*path++, cmd, isexe, exe_only);
+
+       return prog;
+}
+
+static int env_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+       char *const *ea = a;
+       char *const *eb = b;
+       return strcasecmp(*ea, *eb);
+}
+
+struct pinfo_t {
+       struct pinfo_t *next;
+       pid_t pid;
+       HANDLE proc;
+} pinfo_t;
+struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
+CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
+
+static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+                             const char *dir,
+                             int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
+{
+       STARTUPINFO si;
+       PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+       struct strbuf envblk, args;
+       unsigned flags;
+       BOOL ret;
+
+       /* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
+       HANDLE cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
+                       FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+                       FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+       if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+               /* There is no console associated with this process.
+                * Since the child is a console process, Windows
+                * would normally create a console window. But
+                * since we'll be redirecting std streams, we do
+                * not need the console.
+                * It is necessary to use DETACHED_PROCESS
+                * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
+                * recognize that it has no console.
+                */
+               flags = DETACHED_PROCESS;
+       } else {
+               /* There is already a console. If we specified
+                * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
+                * disassociate the child from the console.
+                * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
+                * Go figure!
+                */
+               flags = 0;
+               CloseHandle(cons);
+       }
+       memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
+       si.cb = sizeof(si);
+       si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
+       si.hStdInput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhin);
+       si.hStdOutput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhout);
+       si.hStdError = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fherr);
+
+       /* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
+       strbuf_init(&args, 0);
+       if (prepend_cmd) {
+               char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(cmd);
+               strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
+               if (quoted != cmd)
+                       free(quoted);
+       }
+       for (; *argv; argv++) {
+               char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(*argv);
+               if (*args.buf)
+                       strbuf_addch(&args, ' ');
+               strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
+               if (quoted != *argv)
+                       free(quoted);
+       }
+
+       if (env) {
+               int count = 0;
+               char **e, **sorted_env;
+
+               for (e = env; *e; e++)
+                       count++;
+
+               /* environment must be sorted */
+               sorted_env = xmalloc(sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
+               memcpy(sorted_env, env, sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
+               qsort(sorted_env, count, sizeof(*sorted_env), env_compare);
+
+               strbuf_init(&envblk, 0);
+               for (e = sorted_env; *e; e++) {
+                       strbuf_addstr(&envblk, *e);
+                       strbuf_addch(&envblk, '\0');
+               }
+               free(sorted_env);
+       }
+
+       memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
+       ret = CreateProcess(cmd, args.buf, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
+               env ? envblk.buf : NULL, dir, &si, &pi);
+
+       if (env)
+               strbuf_release(&envblk);
+       strbuf_release(&args);
+
+       if (!ret) {
+               errno = ENOENT;
+               return -1;
+       }
+       CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+
+       /*
+        * The process ID is the human-readable identifier of the process
+        * that we want to present in log and error messages. The handle
+        * is not useful for this purpose. But we cannot close it, either,
+        * because it is not possible to turn a process ID into a process
+        * handle after the process terminated.
+        * Keep the handle in a list for waitpid.
+        */
+       EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+       {
+               struct pinfo_t *info = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pinfo_t));
+               info->pid = pi.dwProcessId;
+               info->proc = pi.hProcess;
+               info->next = pinfo;
+               pinfo = info;
+       }
+       LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+
+       return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
+}
+
+static pid_t mingw_spawnve(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+                          int prepend_cmd)
+{
+       return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, env, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
+}
+
+pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+                    const char *dir,
+                    int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
+{
+       pid_t pid;
+       char **path = get_path_split();
+       char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
+
+       if (!prog) {
+               errno = ENOENT;
+               pid = -1;
+       }
+       else {
+               const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(prog);
+
+               if (interpr) {
+                       const char *argv0 = argv[0];
+                       char *iprog = path_lookup(interpr, path, 1);
+                       argv[0] = prog;
+                       if (!iprog) {
+                               errno = ENOENT;
+                               pid = -1;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, env, dir, 1,
+                                                      fhin, fhout, fherr);
+                               free(iprog);
+                       }
+                       argv[0] = argv0;
+               }
+               else
+                       pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, env, dir, 0,
+                                              fhin, fhout, fherr);
+               free(prog);
+       }
+       free_path_split(path);
+       return pid;
+}
+
+static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
+{
+       const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
+       char **path;
+       char *prog;
+       int pid = 0;
+
+       if (!interpr)
+               return 0;
+       path = get_path_split();
+       prog = path_lookup(interpr, path, 1);
+       if (prog) {
+               int argc = 0;
+               const char **argv2;
+               while (argv[argc]) argc++;
+               argv2 = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (argc+1));
+               argv2[0] = (char *)cmd; /* full path to the script file */
+               memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
+               pid = mingw_spawnve(prog, argv2, env, 1);
+               if (pid >= 0) {
+                       int status;
+                       if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
+                               status = 255;
+                       exit(status);
+               }
+               pid = 1;        /* indicate that we tried but failed */
+               free(prog);
+               free(argv2);
+       }
+       free_path_split(path);
+       return pid;
+}
+
+static void mingw_execve(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char *const *env)
+{
+       /* check if git_command is a shell script */
+       if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv, (char **)env)) {
+               int pid, status;
+
+               pid = mingw_spawnve(cmd, (const char **)argv, (char **)env, 0);
+               if (pid < 0)
+                       return;
+               if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
+                       status = 255;
+               exit(status);
+       }
+}
+
+int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+{
+       char **path = get_path_split();
+       char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
+
+       if (prog) {
+               mingw_execve(prog, argv, environ);
+               free(prog);
+       } else
+               errno = ENOENT;
+
+       free_path_split(path);
+       return -1;
+}
+
+int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+{
+       mingw_execve(cmd, argv, environ);
+       return -1;
+}
+
+int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
+{
+       if (pid > 0 && sig == SIGTERM) {
+               HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
+
+               if (TerminateProcess(h, -1)) {
+                       CloseHandle(h);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+               CloseHandle(h);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       errno = EINVAL;
+       return -1;
+}
+
+static char **copy_environ(void)
+{
+       char **env;
+       int i = 0;
+       while (environ[i])
+               i++;
+       env = xmalloc((i+1)*sizeof(*env));
+       for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++)
+               env[i] = xstrdup(environ[i]);
+       env[i] = NULL;
+       return env;
+}
+
+void free_environ(char **env)
+{
+       int i;
+       for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
+               free(env[i]);
+       free(env);
+}
+
+static int lookup_env(char **env, const char *name, size_t nmln)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; env[i]; i++) {
+               if (0 == strncmp(env[i], name, nmln)
+                   && '=' == env[i][nmln])
+                       /* matches */
+                       return i;
+       }
+       return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
+ */
+static char **env_setenv(char **env, const char *name)
+{
+       char *eq = strchrnul(name, '=');
+       int i = lookup_env(env, name, eq-name);
+
+       if (i < 0) {
+               if (*eq) {
+                       for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
+                               ;
+                       env = xrealloc(env, (i+2)*sizeof(*env));
+                       env[i] = xstrdup(name);
+                       env[i+1] = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+       else {
+               free(env[i]);
+               if (*eq)
+                       env[i] = xstrdup(name);
+               else
+                       for (; env[i]; i++)
+                               env[i] = env[i+1];
+       }
+       return env;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copies global environ and adjusts variables as specified by vars.
+ */
+char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars)
+{
+       char **env = copy_environ();
+
+       while (*vars)
+               env = env_setenv(env, *vars++);
+       return env;
+}
+
+#undef getenv
+
+/*
+ * The system's getenv looks up the name in a case-insensitive manner.
+ * This version tries a case-sensitive lookup and falls back to
+ * case-insensitive if nothing was found.  This is necessary because,
+ * as a prominent example, CMD sets 'Path', but not 'PATH'.
+ * Warning: not thread-safe.
+ */
+static char *getenv_cs(const char *name)
+{
+       size_t len = strlen(name);
+       int i = lookup_env(environ, name, len);
+       if (i >= 0)
+               return environ[i] + len + 1;    /* skip past name and '=' */
+       return getenv(name);
+}
+
+char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
+{
+       char *result = getenv_cs(name);
+       if (!result && !strcmp(name, "TMPDIR")) {
+               /* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
+               result = getenv_cs("TMP");
+               if (!result)
+                       result = getenv_cs("TEMP");
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note, this isn't a complete replacement for getaddrinfo. It assumes
+ * that service contains a numerical port, or that it is null. It
+ * does a simple search using gethostbyname, and returns one IPv4 host
+ * if one was found.
+ */
+static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
+                                  const struct addrinfo *hints,
+                                  struct addrinfo **res)
+{
+       struct hostent *h = NULL;
+       struct addrinfo *ai;
+       struct sockaddr_in *sin;
+
+       if (node) {
+               h = gethostbyname(node);
+               if (!h)
+                       return WSAGetLastError();
+       }
+
+       ai = xmalloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+       *res = ai;
+       ai->ai_flags = 0;
+       ai->ai_family = AF_INET;
+       ai->ai_socktype = hints ? hints->ai_socktype : 0;
+       switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
+       case SOCK_STREAM:
+               ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+               break;
+       case SOCK_DGRAM:
+               ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
+               break;
+       default:
+               ai->ai_protocol = 0;
+               break;
+       }
+       ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+       if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME))
+               ai->ai_canonname = h ? xstrdup(h->h_name) : NULL;
+       else
+               ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
+
+       sin = xmalloc(ai->ai_addrlen);
+       memset(sin, 0, ai->ai_addrlen);
+       sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
+       /* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
+        * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
+        * currently not implemented */
+       if (service)
+               sin->sin_port = htons(atoi(service));
+       if (h)
+               sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
+       else if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE))
+               sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+       else
+               sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
+       ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
+       ai->ai_next = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void WSAAPI freeaddrinfo_stub(struct addrinfo *res)
+{
+       free(res->ai_canonname);
+       free(res->ai_addr);
+       free(res);
+}
+
+static int WSAAPI getnameinfo_stub(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
+                                  char *host, DWORD hostlen,
+                                  char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags)
+{
+       const struct sockaddr_in *sin = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
+       if (sa->sa_family != AF_INET)
+               return EAI_FAMILY;
+       if (!host && !serv)
+               return EAI_NONAME;
+
+       if (host && hostlen > 0) {
+               struct hostent *ent = NULL;
+               if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICHOST))
+                       ent = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&sin->sin_addr,
+                                           sizeof(sin->sin_addr), AF_INET);
+
+               if (ent)
+                       snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", ent->h_name);
+               else if (flags & NI_NAMEREQD)
+                       return EAI_NONAME;
+               else
+                       snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
+       }
+
+       if (serv && servlen > 0) {
+               struct servent *ent = NULL;
+               if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICSERV))
+                       ent = getservbyport(sin->sin_port,
+                                           flags & NI_DGRAM ? "udp" : "tcp");
+
+               if (ent)
+                       snprintf(serv, servlen, "%s", ent->s_name);
+               else
+                       snprintf(serv, servlen, "%d", ntohs(sin->sin_port));
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static HMODULE ipv6_dll = NULL;
+static void (WSAAPI *ipv6_freeaddrinfo)(struct addrinfo *res);
+static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getaddrinfo)(const char *node, const char *service,
+                                     const struct addrinfo *hints,
+                                     struct addrinfo **res);
+static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getnameinfo)(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
+                                     char *host, DWORD hostlen,
+                                     char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags);
+/*
+ * gai_strerror is an inline function in the ws2tcpip.h header, so we
+ * don't need to try to load that one dynamically.
+ */
+
+static void socket_cleanup(void)
+{
+       WSACleanup();
+       if (ipv6_dll)
+               FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
+       ipv6_dll = NULL;
+       ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
+       ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
+       ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
+}
+
+static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
+{
+       WSADATA wsa;
+       static int initialized = 0;
+       const char *libraries[] = { "ws2_32.dll", "wship6.dll", NULL };
+       const char **name;
+
+       if (initialized)
+               return;
+
+       if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa))
+               die("unable to initialize winsock subsystem, error %d",
+                       WSAGetLastError());
+
+       for (name = libraries; *name; name++) {
+               ipv6_dll = LoadLibrary(*name);
+               if (!ipv6_dll)
+                       continue;
+
+               ipv6_freeaddrinfo = (void (WSAAPI *)(struct addrinfo *))
+                       GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "freeaddrinfo");
+               ipv6_getaddrinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const char *, const char *,
+                                                  const struct addrinfo *,
+                                                  struct addrinfo **))
+                       GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getaddrinfo");
+               ipv6_getnameinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const struct sockaddr *,
+                                                  socklen_t, char *, DWORD,
+                                                  char *, DWORD, int))
+                       GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getnameinfo");
+               if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
+                       FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
+                       ipv6_dll = NULL;
+               } else
+                       break;
+       }
+       if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
+               ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
+               ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
+               ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
+       }
+
+       atexit(socket_cleanup);
+       initialized = 1;
+}
+
+#undef gethostname
+int mingw_gethostname(char *name, int namelen)
+{
+    ensure_socket_initialization();
+    return gethostname(name, namelen);
+}
+
+#undef gethostbyname
+struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host)
+{
+       ensure_socket_initialization();
+       return gethostbyname(host);
+}
+
+void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res)
+{
+       ipv6_freeaddrinfo(res);
+}
+
+int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
+                     const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
+{
+       ensure_socket_initialization();
+       return ipv6_getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
+}
+
+int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
+                     char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
+                     int flags)
+{
+       ensure_socket_initialization();
+       return ipv6_getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
+}
+
+int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
+{
+       int sockfd;
+       SOCKET s;
+
+       ensure_socket_initialization();
+       s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
+       if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+               /*
+                * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
+                * biased by WSABASEERR.
+                * However, strerror() does not know about networking
+                * specific errors, which are values beginning at 38 or so.
+                * Therefore, we choose to leave the biased error code
+                * in errno so that _if_ someone looks up the code somewhere,
+                * then it is at least the number that are usually listed.
+                */
+               errno = WSAGetLastError();
+               return -1;
+       }
+       /* convert into a file descriptor */
+       if ((sockfd = _open_osfhandle(s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+               closesocket(s);
+               return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
+                       strerror(errno));
+       }
+       return sockfd;
+}
+
+#undef connect
+int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
+{
+       SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+       return connect(s, sa, sz);
+}
+
+#undef bind
+int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
+{
+       SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+       return bind(s, sa, sz);
+}
+
+#undef setsockopt
+int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
+{
+       SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+       return setsockopt(s, lvl, optname, (const char*)optval, optlen);
+}
+
+#undef shutdown
+int mingw_shutdown(int sockfd, int how)
+{
+       SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+       return shutdown(s, how);
+}
+
+#undef listen
+int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
+{
+       SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+       return listen(s, backlog);
+}
+
+#undef accept
+int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
+{
+       int sockfd2;
+
+       SOCKET s1 = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd1);
+       SOCKET s2 = accept(s1, sa, sz);
+
+       /* convert into a file descriptor */
+       if ((sockfd2 = _open_osfhandle(s2, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+               int err = errno;
+               closesocket(s2);
+               return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
+                       strerror(err));
+       }
+       return sockfd2;
+}
+
+#undef rename
+int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
+{
+       DWORD attrs, gle;
+       int tries = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
+        * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
+        */
+       if (!rename(pold, pnew))
+               return 0;
+       if (errno != EEXIST)
+               return -1;
+repeat:
+       if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+               return 0;
+       /* TODO: translate more errors */
+       gle = GetLastError();
+       if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
+           (attrs = GetFileAttributes(pnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+               if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+                       errno = EISDIR;
+                       return -1;
+               }
+               if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
+                   SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
+                       if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+                               return 0;
+                       gle = GetLastError();
+                       /* revert file attributes on failure */
+                       SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs);
+               }
+       }
+       if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
+               /*
+                * We assume that some other process had the source or
+                * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
+                * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
+                * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
+                * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
+                */
+               Sleep(delay[tries]);
+               tries++;
+               goto repeat;
+       }
+       if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
+              ask_yes_no_if_possible("Rename from '%s' to '%s' failed. "
+                      "Should I try again?", pold, pnew))
+               goto repeat;
+
+       errno = EACCES;
+       return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note that this doesn't return the actual pagesize, but
+ * the allocation granularity. If future Windows specific git code
+ * needs the real getpagesize function, we need to find another solution.
+ */
+int mingw_getpagesize(void)
+{
+       SYSTEM_INFO si;
+       GetSystemInfo(&si);
+       return si.dwAllocationGranularity;
+}
+
 struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid)
 {
+       static char user_name[100];
        static struct passwd p;
+
+       DWORD len = sizeof(user_name);
+       if (!GetUserName(user_name, &len))
+               return NULL;
+       p.pw_name = user_name;
+       p.pw_gecos = "unknown";
+       p.pw_dir = NULL;
        return &p;
 }
 
+static HANDLE timer_event;
+static HANDLE timer_thread;
+static int timer_interval;
+static int one_shot;
+static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
+
+/* The timer works like this:
+ * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
+ * only waits to receive the signal to terminate. The main thread tells
+ * the thread to terminate by setting the timer_event to the signalled
+ * state.
+ * But ticktack() interrupts the wait state after the timer's interval
+ * length to call the signal handler.
+ */
+
+static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
+{
+       while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
+               if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL)
+                       die("Alarm");
+               if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
+                       timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+               if (one_shot)
+                       break;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int start_timer_thread(void)
+{
+       timer_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+       if (timer_event) {
+               timer_thread = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ticktack, NULL, 0, NULL);
+               if (!timer_thread )
+                       return errno = ENOMEM,
+                               error("cannot start timer thread");
+       } else
+               return errno = ENOMEM,
+                       error("cannot allocate resources for timer");
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void stop_timer_thread(void)
+{
+       if (timer_event)
+               SetEvent(timer_event);  /* tell thread to terminate */
+       if (timer_thread) {
+               int rc = WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, 1000);
+               if (rc == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
+                       error("timer thread did not terminate timely");
+               else if (rc != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+                       error("waiting for timer thread failed: %lu",
+                             GetLastError());
+               CloseHandle(timer_thread);
+       }
+       if (timer_event)
+               CloseHandle(timer_event);
+       timer_event = NULL;
+       timer_thread = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline int is_timeval_eq(const struct timeval *i1, const struct timeval *i2)
+{
+       return i1->tv_sec == i2->tv_sec && i1->tv_usec == i2->tv_usec;
+}
+
 int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out)
 {
-       return -1;
+       static const struct timeval zero;
+       static int atexit_done;
+
+       if (out != NULL)
+               return errno = EINVAL,
+                       error("setitimer param 3 != NULL not implemented");
+       if (!is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero) &&
+           !is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &in->it_value))
+               return errno = EINVAL,
+                       error("setitimer: it_interval must be zero or eq it_value");
+
+       if (timer_thread)
+               stop_timer_thread();
+
+       if (is_timeval_eq(&in->it_value, &zero) &&
+           is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero))
+               return 0;
+
+       timer_interval = in->it_value.tv_sec * 1000 + in->it_value.tv_usec / 1000;
+       one_shot = is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero);
+       if (!atexit_done) {
+               atexit(stop_timer_thread);
+               atexit_done = 1;
+       }
+       return start_timer_thread();
 }
 
 int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
 {
+       if (sig != SIGALRM)
+               return errno = EINVAL,
+                       error("sigaction only implemented for SIGALRM");
+       if (out != NULL)
+               return errno = EINVAL,
+                       error("sigaction: param 3 != NULL not implemented");
+
+       timer_fn = in->sa_handler;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#undef signal
+sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
+{
+       sig_handler_t old = timer_fn;
+       if (sig != SIGALRM)
+               return signal(sig, handler);
+       timer_fn = handler;
+       return old;
+}
+
+static const char *make_backslash_path(const char *path)
+{
+       static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
+       char *c;
+
+       if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
+               die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+
+       for (c = buf; *c; c++) {
+               if (*c == '/')
+                       *c = '\\';
+       }
+       return buf;
+}
+
+void mingw_open_html(const char *unixpath)
+{
+       const char *htmlpath = make_backslash_path(unixpath);
+       typedef HINSTANCE (WINAPI *T)(HWND, const char *,
+                       const char *, const char *, const char *, INT);
+       T ShellExecute;
+       HMODULE shell32;
+       int r;
+
+       shell32 = LoadLibrary("shell32.dll");
+       if (!shell32)
+               die("cannot load shell32.dll");
+       ShellExecute = (T)GetProcAddress(shell32, "ShellExecuteA");
+       if (!ShellExecute)
+               die("cannot run browser");
+
+       printf("Launching default browser to display HTML ...\n");
+       r = (int)ShellExecute(NULL, "open", htmlpath, NULL, "\\", SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+       FreeLibrary(shell32);
+       /* see the MSDN documentation referring to the result codes here */
+       if (r <= 32) {
+               die("failed to launch browser for %.*s", MAX_PATH, unixpath);
+       }
+}
+
+int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{
+       typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(const char*, const char*, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
+       static T create_hard_link = NULL;
+       if (!create_hard_link) {
+               create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
+                       GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkA");
+               if (!create_hard_link)
+                       create_hard_link = (T)-1;
+       }
+       if (create_hard_link == (T)-1) {
+               errno = ENOSYS;
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (!create_hard_link(newpath, oldpath, NULL)) {
+               errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+               return -1;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+char *getpass(const char *prompt)
+{
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+       fputs(prompt, stderr);
+       for (;;) {
+               char c = _getch();
+               if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
+                       break;
+               strbuf_addch(&buf, c);
+       }
+       fputs("\n", stderr);
+       return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
+{
+       HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+           FALSE, pid);
+       if (!h) {
+               errno = ECHILD;
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       if (pid > 0 && options & WNOHANG) {
+               if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(h, 0)) {
+                       CloseHandle(h);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               options &= ~WNOHANG;
+       }
+
+       if (options == 0) {
+               struct pinfo_t **ppinfo;
+               if (WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+                       CloseHandle(h);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+
+               if (status)
+                       GetExitCodeProcess(h, (LPDWORD)status);
+
+               EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+
+               ppinfo = &pinfo;
+               while (*ppinfo) {
+                       struct pinfo_t *info = *ppinfo;
+                       if (info->pid == pid) {
+                               CloseHandle(info->proc);
+                               *ppinfo = info->next;
+                               free(info);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       ppinfo = &info->next;
+               }
+
+               LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+
+               CloseHandle(h);
+               return pid;
+       }
+       CloseHandle(h);
+
+       errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
 }