fetch: work around "transport-take-over" hack
[gitweb.git] / refs.c
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index de2d8eb866062649a0d0f23a77e350bca1a182cd..7b08a37153457d335ecf676a73252aa5bdbee4fb 100644 (file)
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags)
 {
        int component_len, component_count = 0;
 
+       if (!strcmp(refname, "@"))
+               /* Refname is a single character '@'. */
+               return -1;
+
        while (1) {
                /* We are at the start of a path component. */
                component_len = check_refname_component(refname, flags);
@@ -109,7 +113,20 @@ struct ref_entry;
  * (ref_entry->flag & REF_DIR) is zero.
  */
 struct ref_value {
+       /*
+        * The name of the object to which this reference resolves
+        * (which may be a tag object).  If REF_ISBROKEN, this is
+        * null.  If REF_ISSYMREF, then this is the name of the object
+        * referred to by the last reference in the symlink chain.
+        */
        unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+       /*
+        * If REF_KNOWS_PEELED, then this field holds the peeled value
+        * of this reference, or null if the reference is known not to
+        * be peelable.  See the documentation for peel_ref() for an
+        * exact definition of "peelable".
+        */
        unsigned char peeled[20];
 };
 
@@ -158,7 +175,17 @@ struct ref_dir {
        struct ref_entry **entries;
 };
 
-/* ISSYMREF=0x01, ISPACKED=0x02, and ISBROKEN=0x04 are public interfaces */
+/*
+ * Bit values for ref_entry::flag.  REF_ISSYMREF=0x01,
+ * REF_ISPACKED=0x02, and REF_ISBROKEN=0x04 are public values; see
+ * refs.h.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The field ref_entry->u.value.peeled of this value entry contains
+ * the correct peeled value for the reference, which might be
+ * null_sha1 if the reference is not a tag or if it is broken.
+ */
 #define REF_KNOWS_PEELED 0x08
 
 /* ref_entry represents a directory of references */
@@ -343,18 +370,17 @@ static int ref_entry_cmp_sslice(const void *key_, const void *ent_)
 }
 
 /*
- * Return the entry with the given refname from the ref_dir
- * (non-recursively), sorting dir if necessary.  Return NULL if no
- * such entry is found.  dir must already be complete.
+ * Return the index of the entry with the given refname from the
+ * ref_dir (non-recursively), sorting dir if necessary.  Return -1 if
+ * no such entry is found.  dir must already be complete.
  */
-static struct ref_entry *search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
-                                       const char *refname, size_t len)
+static int search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname, size_t len)
 {
        struct ref_entry **r;
        struct string_slice key;
 
        if (refname == NULL || !dir->nr)
-               return NULL;
+               return -1;
 
        sort_ref_dir(dir);
        key.len = len;
@@ -363,9 +389,9 @@ static struct ref_entry *search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
                    ref_entry_cmp_sslice);
 
        if (r == NULL)
-               return NULL;
+               return -1;
 
-       return *r;
+       return r - dir->entries;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -379,8 +405,9 @@ static struct ref_dir *search_for_subdir(struct ref_dir *dir,
                                         const char *subdirname, size_t len,
                                         int mkdir)
 {
-       struct ref_entry *entry = search_ref_dir(dir, subdirname, len);
-       if (!entry) {
+       int entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, subdirname, len);
+       struct ref_entry *entry;
+       if (entry_index == -1) {
                if (!mkdir)
                        return NULL;
                /*
@@ -391,6 +418,8 @@ static struct ref_dir *search_for_subdir(struct ref_dir *dir,
                 */
                entry = create_dir_entry(dir->ref_cache, subdirname, len, 0);
                add_entry_to_dir(dir, entry);
+       } else {
+               entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
        }
        return get_ref_dir(entry);
 }
@@ -429,12 +458,67 @@ static struct ref_dir *find_containing_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
  */
 static struct ref_entry *find_ref(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
 {
+       int entry_index;
        struct ref_entry *entry;
        dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
        if (!dir)
                return NULL;
-       entry = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, strlen(refname));
-       return (entry && !(entry->flag & REF_DIR)) ? entry : NULL;
+       entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, strlen(refname));
+       if (entry_index == -1)
+               return NULL;
+       entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+       return (entry->flag & REF_DIR) ? NULL : entry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove the entry with the given name from dir, recursing into
+ * subdirectories as necessary.  If refname is the name of a directory
+ * (i.e., ends with '/'), then remove the directory and its contents.
+ * If the removal was successful, return the number of entries
+ * remaining in the directory entry that contained the deleted entry.
+ * If the name was not found, return -1.  Please note that this
+ * function only deletes the entry from the cache; it does not delete
+ * it from the filesystem or ensure that other cache entries (which
+ * might be symbolic references to the removed entry) are updated.
+ * Nor does it remove any containing dir entries that might be made
+ * empty by the removal.  dir must represent the top-level directory
+ * and must already be complete.
+ */
+static int remove_entry(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
+{
+       int refname_len = strlen(refname);
+       int entry_index;
+       struct ref_entry *entry;
+       int is_dir = refname[refname_len - 1] == '/';
+       if (is_dir) {
+               /*
+                * refname represents a reference directory.  Remove
+                * the trailing slash; otherwise we will get the
+                * directory *representing* refname rather than the
+                * one *containing* it.
+                */
+               char *dirname = xmemdupz(refname, refname_len - 1);
+               dir = find_containing_dir(dir, dirname, 0);
+               free(dirname);
+       } else {
+               dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
+       }
+       if (!dir)
+               return -1;
+       entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, refname_len);
+       if (entry_index == -1)
+               return -1;
+       entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+
+       memmove(&dir->entries[entry_index],
+               &dir->entries[entry_index + 1],
+               (dir->nr - entry_index - 1) * sizeof(*dir->entries)
+               );
+       dir->nr--;
+       if (dir->sorted > entry_index)
+               dir->sorted--;
+       free_ref_entry(entry);
+       return dir->nr;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -503,28 +587,69 @@ static void sort_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
        dir->sorted = dir->nr = i;
 }
 
-#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 01
+/* Include broken references in a do_for_each_ref*() iteration: */
+#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 0x01
 
+/*
+ * Return true iff the reference described by entry can be resolved to
+ * an object in the database.  Emit a warning if the referred-to
+ * object does not exist.
+ */
+static int ref_resolves_to_object(struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+       if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+               return 0;
+       if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
+               error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * current_ref is a performance hack: when iterating over references
+ * using the for_each_ref*() functions, current_ref is set to the
+ * current reference's entry before calling the callback function.  If
+ * the callback function calls peel_ref(), then peel_ref() first
+ * checks whether the reference to be peeled is the current reference
+ * (it usually is) and if so, returns that reference's peeled version
+ * if it is available.  This avoids a refname lookup in a common case.
+ */
 static struct ref_entry *current_ref;
 
-static int do_one_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-                     int flags, void *cb_data, struct ref_entry *entry)
+typedef int each_ref_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data);
+
+struct ref_entry_cb {
+       const char *base;
+       int trim;
+       int flags;
+       each_ref_fn *fn;
+       void *cb_data;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Handle one reference in a do_for_each_ref*()-style iteration,
+ * calling an each_ref_fn for each entry.
+ */
+static int do_one_ref(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
 {
+       struct ref_entry_cb *data = cb_data;
+       struct ref_entry *old_current_ref;
        int retval;
-       if (prefixcmp(entry->name, base))
+
+       if (prefixcmp(entry->name, data->base))
                return 0;
 
-       if (!(flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN)) {
-               if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
-                       return 0; /* ignore broken refs e.g. dangling symref */
-               if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
-                       error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
-                       return 0;
-               }
-       }
+       if (!(data->flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN) &&
+             !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Store the old value, in case this is a recursive call: */
+       old_current_ref = current_ref;
        current_ref = entry;
-       retval = fn(entry->name + trim, entry->u.value.sha1, entry->flag, cb_data);
-       current_ref = NULL;
+       retval = data->fn(entry->name + data->trim, entry->u.value.sha1,
+                         entry->flag, data->cb_data);
+       current_ref = old_current_ref;
        return retval;
 }
 
@@ -532,11 +657,11 @@ static int do_one_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
  * Call fn for each reference in dir that has index in the range
  * offset <= index < dir->nr.  Recurse into subdirectories that are in
  * that index range, sorting them before iterating.  This function
- * does not sort dir itself; it should be sorted beforehand.
+ * does not sort dir itself; it should be sorted beforehand.  fn is
+ * called for all references, including broken ones.
  */
-static int do_for_each_ref_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
-                                 const char *base,
-                                 each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
+                                   each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
        int i;
        assert(dir->sorted == dir->nr);
@@ -546,10 +671,9 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
                if (entry->flag & REF_DIR) {
                        struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(entry);
                        sort_ref_dir(subdir);
-                       retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(subdir, 0,
-                                                       base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+                       retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
                } else {
-                       retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, entry);
+                       retval = fn(entry, cb_data);
                }
                if (retval)
                        return retval;
@@ -562,12 +686,12 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
  * by refname.  Recurse into subdirectories.  If a value entry appears
  * in both dir1 and dir2, then only process the version that is in
  * dir2.  The input dirs must already be sorted, but subdirs will be
- * sorted as needed.
+ * sorted as needed.  fn is called for all references, including
+ * broken ones.
  */
-static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
-                                  struct ref_dir *dir2,
-                                  const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-                                  int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
+                                    struct ref_dir *dir2,
+                                    each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
        int retval;
        int i1 = 0, i2 = 0;
@@ -578,12 +702,10 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
                struct ref_entry *e1, *e2;
                int cmp;
                if (i1 == dir1->nr) {
-                       return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir2, i2,
-                                                     base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+                       return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir2, i2, fn, cb_data);
                }
                if (i2 == dir2->nr) {
-                       return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir1, i1,
-                                                     base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+                       return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir1, i1, fn, cb_data);
                }
                e1 = dir1->entries[i1];
                e2 = dir2->entries[i2];
@@ -595,14 +717,13 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
                                struct ref_dir *subdir2 = get_ref_dir(e2);
                                sort_ref_dir(subdir1);
                                sort_ref_dir(subdir2);
-                               retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(
-                                               subdir1, subdir2,
-                                               base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+                               retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+                                               subdir1, subdir2, fn, cb_data);
                                i1++;
                                i2++;
                        } else if (!(e1->flag & REF_DIR) && !(e2->flag & REF_DIR)) {
                                /* Both are references; ignore the one from dir1. */
-                               retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, e2);
+                               retval = fn(e2, cb_data);
                                i1++;
                                i2++;
                        } else {
@@ -621,25 +742,32 @@ static int do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
                        if (e->flag & REF_DIR) {
                                struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(e);
                                sort_ref_dir(subdir);
-                               retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-                                               subdir, 0,
-                                               base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+                               retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+                                               subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
                        } else {
-                               retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, e);
+                               retval = fn(e, cb_data);
                        }
                }
                if (retval)
                        return retval;
        }
-       if (i1 < dir1->nr)
-               return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir1, i1,
-                                             base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
-       if (i2 < dir2->nr)
-               return do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir2, i2,
-                                             base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
-       return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Load all of the refs from the dir into our in-memory cache. The hard work
+ * of loading loose refs is done by get_ref_dir(), so we just need to recurse
+ * through all of the sub-directories. We do not even need to care about
+ * sorting, as traversal order does not matter to us.
+ */
+static void prime_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+       int i;
+       for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+               struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[i];
+               if (entry->flag & REF_DIR)
+                       prime_ref_dir(get_ref_dir(entry));
+       }
+}
 /*
  * Return true iff refname1 and refname2 conflict with each other.
  * Two reference names conflict if one of them exactly matches the
@@ -661,14 +789,13 @@ struct name_conflict_cb {
        const char *conflicting_refname;
 };
 
-static int name_conflict_fn(const char *existingrefname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-                           int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int name_conflict_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
 {
        struct name_conflict_cb *data = (struct name_conflict_cb *)cb_data;
-       if (data->oldrefname && !strcmp(data->oldrefname, existingrefname))
+       if (data->oldrefname && !strcmp(data->oldrefname, entry->name))
                return 0;
-       if (names_conflict(data->refname, existingrefname)) {
-               data->conflicting_refname = existingrefname;
+       if (names_conflict(data->refname, entry->name)) {
+               data->conflicting_refname = entry->name;
                return 1;
        }
        return 0;
@@ -676,7 +803,7 @@ static int name_conflict_fn(const char *existingrefname, const unsigned char *sh
 
 /*
  * Return true iff a reference named refname could be created without
- * conflicting with the name of an existing reference in array.  If
+ * conflicting with the name of an existing reference in dir.  If
  * oldrefname is non-NULL, ignore potential conflicts with oldrefname
  * (e.g., because oldrefname is scheduled for deletion in the same
  * operation).
@@ -690,9 +817,7 @@ static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
        data.conflicting_refname = NULL;
 
        sort_ref_dir(dir);
-       if (do_for_each_ref_in_dir(dir, 0, "", name_conflict_fn,
-                                  0, DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN,
-                                  &data)) {
+       if (do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir, 0, name_conflict_fn, &data)) {
                error("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
                      data.conflicting_refname, refname);
                return 0;
@@ -700,6 +825,30 @@ static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
        return 1;
 }
 
+struct packed_ref_cache {
+       struct ref_entry *root;
+
+       /*
+        * Count of references to the data structure in this instance,
+        * including the pointer from ref_cache::packed if any.  The
+        * data will not be freed as long as the reference count is
+        * nonzero.
+        */
+       unsigned int referrers;
+
+       /*
+        * Iff the packed-refs file associated with this instance is
+        * currently locked for writing, this points at the associated
+        * lock (which is owned by somebody else).  The referrer count
+        * is also incremented when the file is locked and decremented
+        * when it is unlocked.
+        */
+       struct lock_file *lock;
+
+       /* The metadata from when this packed-refs cache was read */
+       struct stat_validity validity;
+};
+
 /*
  * Future: need to be in "struct repository"
  * when doing a full libification.
@@ -707,16 +856,51 @@ static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
 static struct ref_cache {
        struct ref_cache *next;
        struct ref_entry *loose;
-       struct ref_entry *packed;
-       /* The submodule name, or "" for the main repo. */
-       char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-} *ref_cache;
+       struct packed_ref_cache *packed;
+       /*
+        * The submodule name, or "" for the main repo.  We allocate
+        * length 1 rather than FLEX_ARRAY so that the main ref_cache
+        * is initialized correctly.
+        */
+       char name[1];
+} ref_cache, *submodule_ref_caches;
+
+/* Lock used for the main packed-refs file: */
+static struct lock_file packlock;
+
+/*
+ * Increment the reference count of *packed_refs.
+ */
+static void acquire_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+       packed_refs->referrers++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decrease the reference count of *packed_refs.  If it goes to zero,
+ * free *packed_refs and return true; otherwise return false.
+ */
+static int release_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+       if (!--packed_refs->referrers) {
+               free_ref_entry(packed_refs->root);
+               stat_validity_clear(&packed_refs->validity);
+               free(packed_refs);
+               return 1;
+       } else {
+               return 0;
+       }
+}
 
 static void clear_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
        if (refs->packed) {
-               free_ref_entry(refs->packed);
+               struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs = refs->packed;
+
+               if (packed_refs->lock)
+                       die("internal error: packed-ref cache cleared while locked");
                refs->packed = NULL;
+               release_packed_ref_cache(packed_refs);
        }
 }
 
@@ -748,18 +932,18 @@ static struct ref_cache *create_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
  */
 static struct ref_cache *get_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
 {
-       struct ref_cache *refs = ref_cache;
-       if (!submodule)
-               submodule = "";
-       while (refs) {
+       struct ref_cache *refs;
+
+       if (!submodule || !*submodule)
+               return &ref_cache;
+
+       for (refs = submodule_ref_caches; refs; refs = refs->next)
                if (!strcmp(submodule, refs->name))
                        return refs;
-               refs = refs->next;
-       }
 
        refs = create_ref_cache(submodule);
-       refs->next = ref_cache;
-       ref_cache = refs;
+       refs->next = submodule_ref_caches;
+       submodule_ref_caches = refs;
        return refs;
 }
 
@@ -770,6 +954,16 @@ void invalidate_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
        clear_loose_ref_cache(refs);
 }
 
+/* The length of a peeled reference line in packed-refs, including EOL: */
+#define PEELED_LINE_LENGTH 42
+
+/*
+ * The packed-refs header line that we write out.  Perhaps other
+ * traits will be added later.  The trailing space is required.
+ */
+static const char PACKED_REFS_HEADER[] =
+       "# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled \n";
+
 /*
  * Parse one line from a packed-refs file.  Write the SHA1 to sha1.
  * Return a pointer to the refname within the line (null-terminated),
@@ -862,8 +1056,8 @@ static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_dir *dir)
                }
                if (last &&
                    refline[0] == '^' &&
-                   strlen(refline) == 42 &&
-                   refline[41] == '\n' &&
+                   strlen(refline) == PEELED_LINE_LENGTH &&
+                   refline[PEELED_LINE_LENGTH - 1] == '\n' &&
                    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1)) {
                        hashcpy(last->u.value.peeled, sha1);
                        /*
@@ -876,30 +1070,58 @@ static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_dir *dir)
        }
 }
 
-static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+/*
+ * Get the packed_ref_cache for the specified ref_cache, creating it
+ * if necessary.
+ */
+static struct packed_ref_cache *get_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
+       const char *packed_refs_file;
+
+       if (*refs->name)
+               packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
+       else
+               packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
+
+       if (refs->packed &&
+           !stat_validity_check(&refs->packed->validity, packed_refs_file))
+               clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+
        if (!refs->packed) {
-               const char *packed_refs_file;
                FILE *f;
 
-               refs->packed = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
-               if (*refs->name)
-                       packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
-               else
-                       packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
+               refs->packed = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*refs->packed));
+               acquire_packed_ref_cache(refs->packed);
+               refs->packed->root = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
                f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
                if (f) {
-                       read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed));
+                       stat_validity_update(&refs->packed->validity, fileno(f));
+                       read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed->root));
                        fclose(f);
                }
        }
-       return get_ref_dir(refs->packed);
+       return refs->packed;
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_ref_dir(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache)
+{
+       return get_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache->root);
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+       return get_packed_ref_dir(get_packed_ref_cache(refs));
 }
 
 void add_packed_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-       add_ref(get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)),
-                       create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
+       struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+               get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+       if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+               die("internal error: packed refs not locked");
+       add_ref(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+               create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1069,18 +1291,43 @@ int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *sh
 }
 
 /*
- * Try to read ref from the packed references.  On success, set sha1
- * and return 0; otherwise, return -1.
+ * Return the ref_entry for the given refname from the packed
+ * references.  If it does not exist, return NULL.
  */
-static int get_packed_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
+static struct ref_entry *get_packed_ref(const char *refname)
 {
-       struct ref_dir *packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-       struct ref_entry *entry = find_ref(packed, refname);
+       return find_ref(get_packed_refs(&ref_cache), refname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A loose ref file doesn't exist; check for a packed ref.  The
+ * options are forwarded from resolve_safe_unsafe().
+ */
+static const char *handle_missing_loose_ref(const char *refname,
+                                           unsigned char *sha1,
+                                           int reading,
+                                           int *flag)
+{
+       struct ref_entry *entry;
+
+       /*
+        * The loose reference file does not exist; check for a packed
+        * reference.
+        */
+       entry = get_packed_ref(refname);
        if (entry) {
                hashcpy(sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
-               return 0;
+               if (flag)
+                       *flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
+               return refname;
+       }
+       /* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
+       if (reading) {
+               return NULL;
+       } else {
+               hashclr(sha1);
+               return refname;
        }
-       return -1;
 }
 
 const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
@@ -1107,32 +1354,34 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
 
                git_snpath(path, sizeof(path), "%s", refname);
 
+               /*
+                * We might have to loop back here to avoid a race
+                * condition: first we lstat() the file, then we try
+                * to read it as a link or as a file.  But if somebody
+                * changes the type of the file (file <-> directory
+                * <-> symlink) between the lstat() and reading, then
+                * we don't want to report that as an error but rather
+                * try again starting with the lstat().
+                */
+       stat_ref:
                if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
-                       if (errno != ENOENT)
-                               return NULL;
-                       /*
-                        * The loose reference file does not exist;
-                        * check for a packed reference.
-                        */
-                       if (!get_packed_ref(refname, sha1)) {
-                               if (flag)
-                                       *flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
-                               return refname;
-                       }
-                       /* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
-                       if (reading) {
+                       if (errno == ENOENT)
+                               return handle_missing_loose_ref(refname, sha1,
+                                                               reading, flag);
+                       else
                                return NULL;
-                       } else {
-                               hashclr(sha1);
-                               return refname;
-                       }
                }
 
                /* Follow "normalized" - ie "refs/.." symlinks by hand */
                if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
                        len = readlink(path, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
-                       if (len < 0)
-                               return NULL;
+                       if (len < 0) {
+                               if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
+                                       /* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+                                       goto stat_ref;
+                               else
+                                       return NULL;
+                       }
                        buffer[len] = 0;
                        if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "refs/") &&
                                        !check_refname_format(buffer, 0)) {
@@ -1155,8 +1404,13 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
                 * a ref
                 */
                fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-               if (fd < 0)
-                       return NULL;
+               if (fd < 0) {
+                       if (errno == ENOENT)
+                               /* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+                               goto stat_ref;
+                       else
+                               return NULL;
+               }
                len = read_in_full(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
                close(fd);
                if (len < 0)
@@ -1168,8 +1422,19 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
                /*
                 * Is it a symbolic ref?
                 */
-               if (prefixcmp(buffer, "ref:"))
-                       break;
+               if (prefixcmp(buffer, "ref:")) {
+                       /*
+                        * Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second
+                        * line containing other data.
+                        */
+                       if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) ||
+                           (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
+                               if (flag)
+                                       *flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       return refname;
+               }
                if (flag)
                        *flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
                buf = buffer + 4;
@@ -1182,13 +1447,6 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
                }
                refname = strcpy(refname_buffer, buf);
        }
-       /* Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second line containing other data. */
-       if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
-               if (flag)
-                       *flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-               return NULL;
-       }
-       return refname;
 }
 
 char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
@@ -1231,54 +1489,130 @@ static int filter_refs(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags
        return filter->fn(refname, sha1, flags, filter->cb_data);
 }
 
+enum peel_status {
+       /* object was peeled successfully: */
+       PEEL_PEELED = 0,
+
+       /*
+        * object cannot be peeled because the named object (or an
+        * object referred to by a tag in the peel chain), does not
+        * exist.
+        */
+       PEEL_INVALID = -1,
+
+       /* object cannot be peeled because it is not a tag: */
+       PEEL_NON_TAG = -2,
+
+       /* ref_entry contains no peeled value because it is a symref: */
+       PEEL_IS_SYMREF = -3,
+
+       /*
+        * ref_entry cannot be peeled because it is broken (i.e., the
+        * symbolic reference cannot even be resolved to an object
+        * name):
+        */
+       PEEL_BROKEN = -4
+};
+
+/*
+ * Peel the named object; i.e., if the object is a tag, resolve the
+ * tag recursively until a non-tag is found.  If successful, store the
+ * result to sha1 and return PEEL_PEELED.  If the object is not a tag
+ * or is not valid, return PEEL_NON_TAG or PEEL_INVALID, respectively,
+ * and leave sha1 unchanged.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_object(const unsigned char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+       struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(name);
+
+       if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
+               int type = sha1_object_info(name, NULL);
+               if (type < 0)
+                       return PEEL_INVALID;
+               o->type = type;
+       }
+
+       if (o->type != OBJ_TAG)
+               return PEEL_NON_TAG;
+
+       o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
+       if (!o)
+               return PEEL_INVALID;
+
+       hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+       return PEEL_PEELED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Peel the entry (if possible) and return its new peel_status.  If
+ * repeel is true, re-peel the entry even if there is an old peeled
+ * value that is already stored in it.
+ *
+ * It is OK to call this function with a packed reference entry that
+ * might be stale and might even refer to an object that has since
+ * been garbage-collected.  In such a case, if the entry has
+ * REF_KNOWS_PEELED then leave the status unchanged and return
+ * PEEL_PEELED or PEEL_NON_TAG; otherwise, return PEEL_INVALID.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_entry(struct ref_entry *entry, int repeel)
+{
+       enum peel_status status;
+
+       if (entry->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+               if (repeel) {
+                       entry->flag &= ~REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+                       hashclr(entry->u.value.peeled);
+               } else {
+                       return is_null_sha1(entry->u.value.peeled) ?
+                               PEEL_NON_TAG : PEEL_PEELED;
+               }
+       }
+       if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+               return PEEL_BROKEN;
+       if (entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+               return PEEL_IS_SYMREF;
+
+       status = peel_object(entry->u.value.sha1, entry->u.value.peeled);
+       if (status == PEEL_PEELED || status == PEEL_NON_TAG)
+               entry->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+       return status;
+}
+
 int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
        int flag;
        unsigned char base[20];
-       struct object *o;
 
        if (current_ref && (current_ref->name == refname
-               || !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
-               if (current_ref->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
-                       if (is_null_sha1(current_ref->u.value.peeled))
-                           return -1;
-                       hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled);
-                       return 0;
-               }
-               hashcpy(base, current_ref->u.value.sha1);
-               goto fallback;
+                           || !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
+               if (peel_entry(current_ref, 0))
+                       return -1;
+               hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled);
+               return 0;
        }
 
        if (read_ref_full(refname, base, 1, &flag))
                return -1;
 
-       if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED)) {
-               struct ref_dir *dir = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-               struct ref_entry *r = find_ref(dir, refname);
-
-               if (r != NULL && r->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+       /*
+        * If the reference is packed, read its ref_entry from the
+        * cache in the hope that we already know its peeled value.
+        * We only try this optimization on packed references because
+        * (a) forcing the filling of the loose reference cache could
+        * be expensive and (b) loose references anyway usually do not
+        * have REF_KNOWS_PEELED.
+        */
+       if (flag & REF_ISPACKED) {
+               struct ref_entry *r = get_packed_ref(refname);
+               if (r) {
+                       if (peel_entry(r, 0))
+                               return -1;
                        hashcpy(sha1, r->u.value.peeled);
                        return 0;
                }
        }
 
-fallback:
-       o = lookup_unknown_object(base);
-       if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
-               int type = sha1_object_info(base, NULL);
-               if (type < 0)
-                       return -1;
-               o->type = type;
-       }
-
-       if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-               o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
-               if (o) {
-                       hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
-                       return 0;
-               }
-       }
-       return -1;
+       return peel_object(base, sha1);
 }
 
 struct warn_if_dangling_data {
@@ -1316,40 +1650,84 @@ void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname)
        for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
 }
 
-static int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *base, each_ref_fn fn,
-                          int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache, omitting
+ * references not in the containing_dir of base.  fn is called for all
+ * references, including broken ones.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+                            each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-       struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-       struct ref_dir *packed_dir = get_packed_refs(refs);
-       struct ref_dir *loose_dir = get_loose_refs(refs);
+       struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
+       struct ref_dir *loose_dir;
+       struct ref_dir *packed_dir;
        int retval = 0;
 
+       /*
+        * We must make sure that all loose refs are read before accessing the
+        * packed-refs file; this avoids a race condition in which loose refs
+        * are migrated to the packed-refs file by a simultaneous process, but
+        * our in-memory view is from before the migration. get_packed_ref_cache()
+        * takes care of making sure our view is up to date with what is on
+        * disk.
+        */
+       loose_dir = get_loose_refs(refs);
        if (base && *base) {
-               packed_dir = find_containing_dir(packed_dir, base, 0);
                loose_dir = find_containing_dir(loose_dir, base, 0);
        }
+       if (loose_dir)
+               prime_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+
+       packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+       acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+       packed_dir = get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache);
+       if (base && *base) {
+               packed_dir = find_containing_dir(packed_dir, base, 0);
+       }
 
        if (packed_dir && loose_dir) {
                sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
                sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
-               retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dirs(
-                               packed_dir, loose_dir,
-                               base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+               retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+                               packed_dir, loose_dir, fn, cb_data);
        } else if (packed_dir) {
                sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
-               retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-                               packed_dir, 0,
-                               base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+               retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+                               packed_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
        } else if (loose_dir) {
                sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
-               retval = do_for_each_ref_in_dir(
-                               loose_dir, 0,
-                               base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data);
+               retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+                               loose_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
        }
 
+       release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
        return retval;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache for which the
+ * refname begins with base.  If trim is non-zero, then trim that many
+ * characters off the beginning of each refname before passing the
+ * refname to fn.  flags can be DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN to include
+ * broken references in the iteration.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_ref(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+                          each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+       struct ref_entry_cb data;
+       data.base = base;
+       data.trim = trim;
+       data.flags = flags;
+       data.fn = fn;
+       data.cb_data = cb_data;
+
+       return do_for_each_entry(refs, base, do_one_ref, &data);
+}
+
 static int do_head_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
        unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -1380,23 +1758,23 @@ int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 
 int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-       return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+       return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-       return do_for_each_ref(submodule, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+       return do_for_each_ref(get_ref_cache(submodule), "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-       return do_for_each_ref(NULL, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+       return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in_submodule(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
                each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-       return do_for_each_ref(submodule, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+       return do_for_each_ref(get_ref_cache(submodule), prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -1431,7 +1809,7 @@ int for_each_remote_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *c
 
 int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-       return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
+       return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int head_ref_namespaced(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -1454,7 +1832,7 @@ int for_each_namespaced_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int ret;
        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%srefs/", get_git_namespace());
-       ret = do_for_each_ref(NULL, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+       ret = do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1496,7 +1874,7 @@ int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern, void *cb_data)
 
 int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-       return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0,
+       return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "", fn, 0,
                               DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
 }
 
@@ -1702,7 +2080,7 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
         * name is a proper prefix of our refname.
         */
        if (missing &&
-            !is_refname_available(refname, NULL, get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)))) {
+            !is_refname_available(refname, NULL, get_packed_refs(&ref_cache))) {
                last_errno = ENOTDIR;
                goto error_return;
        }
@@ -1754,48 +2132,325 @@ struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
        return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, old_sha1, flags, NULL);
 }
 
-struct repack_without_ref_sb {
-       const char *refname;
-       int fd;
-};
-
-static int repack_without_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-                                int flags, void *cb_data)
+/*
+ * Write an entry to the packed-refs file for the specified refname.
+ * If peeled is non-NULL, write it as the entry's peeled value.
+ */
+static void write_packed_entry(int fd, char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
+                              unsigned char *peeled)
 {
-       struct repack_without_ref_sb *data = cb_data;
        char line[PATH_MAX + 100];
        int len;
 
-       if (!strcmp(data->refname, refname))
-               return 0;
        len = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "%s %s\n",
                       sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname);
        /* this should not happen but just being defensive */
        if (len > sizeof(line))
                die("too long a refname '%s'", refname);
-       write_or_die(data->fd, line, len);
+       write_or_die(fd, line, len);
+
+       if (peeled) {
+               if (snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "^%s\n",
+                            sha1_to_hex(peeled)) != PEELED_LINE_LENGTH)
+                       die("internal error");
+               write_or_die(fd, line, PEELED_LINE_LENGTH);
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that writes the entry to a packed-refs file.
+ */
+static int write_packed_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+       int *fd = cb_data;
+       enum peel_status peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 0);
+
+       if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+               error("internal error: %s is not a valid packed reference!",
+                     entry->name);
+       write_packed_entry(*fd, entry->name, entry->u.value.sha1,
+                          peel_status == PEEL_PEELED ?
+                          entry->u.value.peeled : NULL);
        return 0;
 }
 
-static struct lock_file packlock;
+int lock_packed_refs(int flags)
+{
+       struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
 
-static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
+       if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), flags) < 0)
+               return -1;
+       /*
+        * Get the current packed-refs while holding the lock.  If the
+        * packed-refs file has been modified since we last read it,
+        * this will automatically invalidate the cache and re-read
+        * the packed-refs file.
+        */
+       packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+       packed_ref_cache->lock = &packlock;
+       /* Increment the reference count to prevent it from being freed: */
+       acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int commit_packed_refs(void)
+{
+       struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+               get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+       int error = 0;
+
+       if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+               die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+       write_or_die(packed_ref_cache->lock->fd,
+                    PACKED_REFS_HEADER, strlen(PACKED_REFS_HEADER));
+
+       do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+                                0, write_packed_entry_fn,
+                                &packed_ref_cache->lock->fd);
+       if (commit_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock))
+               error = -1;
+       packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+       release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+       return error;
+}
+
+void rollback_packed_refs(void)
 {
-       struct repack_without_ref_sb data;
-       struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(NULL);
-       struct ref_dir *packed = get_packed_refs(refs);
-       if (find_ref(packed, refname) == NULL)
+       struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+               get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+       if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+               die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+       rollback_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock);
+       packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+       release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+       clear_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+}
+
+struct ref_to_prune {
+       struct ref_to_prune *next;
+       unsigned char sha1[20];
+       char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct pack_refs_cb_data {
+       unsigned int flags;
+       struct ref_dir *packed_refs;
+       struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
+};
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that is run over loose references only.  If
+ * the loose reference can be packed, add an entry in the packed ref
+ * cache.  If the reference should be pruned, also add it to
+ * ref_to_prune in the pack_refs_cb_data.
+ */
+static int pack_if_possible_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+       struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
+       enum peel_status peel_status;
+       struct ref_entry *packed_entry;
+       int is_tag_ref = !prefixcmp(entry->name, "refs/tags/");
+
+       /* ALWAYS pack tags */
+       if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref)
                return 0;
-       data.refname = refname;
-       data.fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), 0);
-       if (data.fd < 0) {
+
+       /* Do not pack symbolic or broken refs: */
+       if ((entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF) || !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Add a packed ref cache entry equivalent to the loose entry. */
+       peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 1);
+       if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+               die("internal error peeling reference %s (%s)",
+                   entry->name, sha1_to_hex(entry->u.value.sha1));
+       packed_entry = find_ref(cb->packed_refs, entry->name);
+       if (packed_entry) {
+               /* Overwrite existing packed entry with info from loose entry */
+               packed_entry->flag = REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+               hashcpy(packed_entry->u.value.sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+       } else {
+               packed_entry = create_ref_entry(entry->name, entry->u.value.sha1,
+                                               REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED, 0);
+               add_ref(cb->packed_refs, packed_entry);
+       }
+       hashcpy(packed_entry->u.value.peeled, entry->u.value.peeled);
+
+       /* Schedule the loose reference for pruning if requested. */
+       if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE)) {
+               int namelen = strlen(entry->name) + 1;
+               struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
+               hashcpy(n->sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+               strcpy(n->name, entry->name);
+               n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
+               cb->ref_to_prune = n;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
+ * Note: munges *name.
+ */
+static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
+{
+       char *p, *q;
+       int i;
+       p = name;
+       for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
+               while (*p && *p != '/')
+                       p++;
+               /* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
+               while (*p == '/')
+                       p++;
+       }
+       for (q = p; *q; q++)
+               ;
+       while (1) {
+               while (q > p && *q != '/')
+                       q--;
+               while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
+                       q--;
+               if (q == p)
+                       break;
+               *q = '\0';
+               if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
+                       break;
+       }
+}
+
+/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
+static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+       struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
+
+       if (lock) {
+               unlink_or_warn(git_path("%s", r->name));
+               unlock_ref(lock);
+               try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
+       }
+}
+
+static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+       while (r) {
+               prune_ref(r);
+               r = r->next;
+       }
+}
+
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
+{
+       struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
+
+       memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+       cbdata.flags = flags;
+
+       lock_packed_refs(LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+       cbdata.packed_refs = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+       do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_loose_refs(&ref_cache), 0,
+                                pack_if_possible_fn, &cbdata);
+
+       if (commit_packed_refs())
+               die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
+
+       prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * If entry is no longer needed in packed-refs, add it to the string
+ * list pointed to by cb_data.  Reasons for deleting entries:
+ *
+ * - Entry is broken.
+ * - Entry is overridden by a loose ref.
+ * - Entry does not point at a valid object.
+ *
+ * In the first and third cases, also emit an error message because these
+ * are indications of repository corruption.
+ */
+static int curate_packed_ref_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+       struct string_list *refs_to_delete = cb_data;
+
+       if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN) {
+               /* This shouldn't happen to packed refs. */
+               error("%s is broken!", entry->name);
+               string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
+               unsigned char sha1[20];
+               int flags;
+
+               if (read_ref_full(entry->name, sha1, 0, &flags))
+                       /* We should at least have found the packed ref. */
+                       die("Internal error");
+               if ((flags & REF_ISSYMREF) || !(flags & REF_ISPACKED)) {
+                       /*
+                        * This packed reference is overridden by a
+                        * loose reference, so it is OK that its value
+                        * is no longer valid; for example, it might
+                        * refer to an object that has been garbage
+                        * collected.  For this purpose we don't even
+                        * care whether the loose reference itself is
+                        * invalid, broken, symbolic, etc.  Silently
+                        * remove the packed reference.
+                        */
+                       string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+               /*
+                * There is no overriding loose reference, so the fact
+                * that this reference doesn't refer to a valid object
+                * indicates some kind of repository corruption.
+                * Report the problem, then omit the reference from
+                * the output.
+                */
+               error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+               string_list_append(refs_to_delete, entry->name);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
+{
+       struct ref_dir *packed;
+       struct string_list refs_to_delete = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+       struct string_list_item *ref_to_delete;
+
+       if (!get_packed_ref(refname))
+               return 0; /* refname does not exist in packed refs */
+
+       if (lock_packed_refs(0)) {
                unable_to_lock_error(git_path("packed-refs"), errno);
                return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refname);
        }
-       clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
-       packed = get_packed_refs(refs);
-       do_for_each_ref_in_dir(packed, 0, "", repack_without_ref_fn, 0, 0, &data);
-       return commit_lock_file(&packlock);
+       packed = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+       /* Remove refname from the cache: */
+       if (remove_entry(packed, refname) == -1) {
+               /*
+                * The packed entry disappeared while we were
+                * acquiring the lock.
+                */
+               rollback_packed_refs();
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* Remove any other accumulated cruft: */
+       do_for_each_entry_in_dir(packed, 0, curate_packed_ref_fn, &refs_to_delete);
+       for_each_string_list_item(ref_to_delete, &refs_to_delete) {
+               if (remove_entry(packed, ref_to_delete->string) == -1)
+                       die("internal error");
+       }
+
+       /* Write what remains: */
+       return commit_packed_refs();
 }
 
 int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
@@ -1823,7 +2478,7 @@ int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
        ret |= repack_without_ref(lock->ref_name);
 
        unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name));
-       invalidate_ref_cache(NULL);
+       clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
        unlock_ref(lock);
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1845,7 +2500,6 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
        struct stat loginfo;
        int log = !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), &loginfo);
        const char *symref = NULL;
-       struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(NULL);
 
        if (log && S_ISLNK(loginfo.st_mode))
                return error("reflog for %s is a symlink", oldrefname);
@@ -1857,10 +2511,10 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
        if (!symref)
                return error("refname %s not found", oldrefname);
 
-       if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_packed_refs(refs)))
+       if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_packed_refs(&ref_cache)))
                return 1;
 
-       if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_loose_refs(refs)))
+       if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_loose_refs(&ref_cache)))
                return 1;
 
        if (log && rename(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG)))
@@ -2116,7 +2770,7 @@ int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
                unlock_ref(lock);
                return -1;
        }
-       clear_loose_ref_cache(get_ref_cache(NULL));
+       clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
        if (log_ref_write(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0 ||
            (strcmp(lock->ref_name, lock->orig_ref_name) &&
             log_ref_write(lock->orig_ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0)) {