regex: -G<pattern> feeds a non NUL-terminated string to regexec() and fails
[gitweb.git] / builtin / merge.c
index 4b200b5b95b462496befe2a67f48c39a34b51edc..bf2f2614fbb5ba82df3dca5cad8f79dbe605feff 100644 (file)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "fmt-merge-msg.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
 
 #define DEFAULT_TWOHEAD (1<<0)
 #define DEFAULT_OCTOPUS (1<<1)
@@ -40,8 +42,8 @@ struct strategy {
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_merge_usage[] = {
-       N_("git merge [options] [<commit>...]"),
-       N_("git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>"),
+       N_("git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"),
+       N_("git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"),
        N_("git merge --abort"),
        NULL
 };
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ static int verbosity;
 static int allow_rerere_auto;
 static int abort_current_merge;
 static int show_progress = -1;
-static int default_to_upstream;
+static int default_to_upstream = 1;
 static const char *sign_commit;
 
 static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
@@ -229,19 +231,18 @@ static struct option builtin_merge_options[] = {
 /* Cleans up metadata that is uninteresting after a succeeded merge. */
 static void drop_save(void)
 {
-       unlink(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
-       unlink(git_path("MERGE_MSG"));
-       unlink(git_path("MERGE_MODE"));
+       unlink(git_path_merge_head());
+       unlink(git_path_merge_msg());
+       unlink(git_path_merge_mode());
 }
 
 static int save_state(unsigned char *stash)
 {
        int len;
-       struct child_process cp;
+       struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
        struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *argv[] = {"stash", "create", NULL};
 
-       memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
        cp.argv = argv;
        cp.out = -1;
        cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ static void squash_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *remotehead
        struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 
        printf(_("Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"));
-       filename = git_path("SQUASH_MSG");
+       filename = git_path_squash_msg();
        fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
        if (fd < 0)
                die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ static void squash_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *remotehead
        while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
                strbuf_addch(&out, '\n');
                strbuf_addf(&out, "commit %s\n",
-                       sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+                       oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
                pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &out);
        }
        if (write_in_full(fd, out.buf, out.len) != out.len)
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@ static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
                   const unsigned char *new_head, const char *msg)
 {
        struct strbuf reflog_message = STRBUF_INIT;
-       const unsigned char *head = head_commit->object.sha1;
+       const unsigned char *head = head_commit->object.oid.hash;
 
        if (!msg)
                strbuf_addstr(&reflog_message, getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"));
@@ -398,11 +399,12 @@ static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
                        const char *argv_gc_auto[] = { "gc", "--auto", NULL };
                        update_ref(reflog_message.buf, "HEAD",
                                new_head, head, 0,
-                               DIE_ON_ERR);
+                               UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
                        /*
                         * We ignore errors in 'gc --auto', since the
                         * user should see them.
                         */
+                       close_all_packs();
                        run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
                }
        }
@@ -491,40 +493,18 @@ static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
        }
        if (len) {
                struct strbuf truname = STRBUF_INIT;
-               strbuf_addstr(&truname, "refs/heads/");
-               strbuf_addstr(&truname, remote);
+               strbuf_addf(&truname, "refs/heads/%s", remote);
                strbuf_setlen(&truname, truname.len - len);
                if (ref_exists(truname.buf)) {
                        strbuf_addf(msg,
                                    "%s\t\tbranch '%s'%s of .\n",
-                                   sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.sha1),
+                                   sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.oid.hash),
                                    truname.buf + 11,
                                    (early ? " (early part)" : ""));
                        strbuf_release(&truname);
                        goto cleanup;
                }
-       }
-
-       if (!strcmp(remote, "FETCH_HEAD") &&
-                       !access(git_path("FETCH_HEAD"), R_OK)) {
-               const char *filename;
-               FILE *fp;
-               struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
-               char *ptr;
-
-               filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
-               fp = fopen(filename, "r");
-               if (!fp)
-                       die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"),
-                                 filename);
-               strbuf_getline(&line, fp, '\n');
-               fclose(fp);
-               ptr = strstr(line.buf, "\tnot-for-merge\t");
-               if (ptr)
-                       strbuf_remove(&line, ptr-line.buf+1, 13);
-               strbuf_addbuf(msg, &line);
-               strbuf_release(&line);
-               goto cleanup;
+               strbuf_release(&truname);
        }
 
        if (remote_head->util) {
@@ -532,7 +512,7 @@ static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
                desc = merge_remote_util(remote_head);
                if (desc && desc->obj && desc->obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
                        strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\t%s '%s'\n",
-                                   sha1_to_hex(desc->obj->sha1),
+                                   sha1_to_hex(desc->obj->oid.hash),
                                    typename(desc->obj->type),
                                    remote);
                        goto cleanup;
@@ -540,7 +520,7 @@ static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
        }
 
        strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tcommit '%s'\n",
-               sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.sha1), remote);
+               sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.oid.hash), remote);
 cleanup:
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        strbuf_release(&bname);
@@ -557,7 +537,7 @@ static void parse_branch_merge_options(char *bmo)
        if (argc < 0)
                die(_("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"), branch,
                    split_cmdline_strerror(argc));
-       argv = xrealloc(argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 2));
+       REALLOC_ARRAY(argv, argc + 2);
        memmove(argv + 1, argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 1));
        argc++;
        argv[0] = "branch.*.mergeoptions";
@@ -657,22 +637,18 @@ static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
                              struct commit_list *remoteheads,
                              struct commit *head, const char *head_arg)
 {
-       int index_fd;
-       struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+       static struct lock_file lock;
 
-       index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+       hold_locked_index(&lock, 1);
        refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
        if (active_cache_changed &&
-                       (write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-                        commit_locked_index(lock)))
+           write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
                return error(_("Unable to write index."));
-       rollback_lock_file(lock);
+       rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 
        if (!strcmp(strategy, "recursive") || !strcmp(strategy, "subtree")) {
                int clean, x;
                struct commit *result;
-               struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-               int index_fd;
                struct commit_list *reversed = NULL;
                struct merge_options o;
                struct commit_list *j;
@@ -687,10 +663,6 @@ static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
                        o.subtree_shift = "";
 
                o.renormalize = option_renormalize;
-               if (verbosity < 0)
-                       o.verbosity = verbosity;
-               else if (verbosity > 0)
-                       o.verbosity += verbosity;
                o.show_rename_progress =
                        show_progress == -1 ? isatty(2) : show_progress;
 
@@ -704,14 +676,13 @@ static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
                for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
                        commit_list_insert(j->item, &reversed);
 
-               index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+               hold_locked_index(&lock, 1);
                clean = merge_recursive(&o, head,
                                remoteheads->item, reversed, &result);
                if (active_cache_changed &&
-                               (write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-                                commit_locked_index(lock)))
+                   write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
                        die (_("unable to write %s"), get_index_file());
-               rollback_lock_file(lock);
+               rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                return clean ? 0 : 1;
        } else {
                return try_merge_command(strategy, xopts_nr, xopts,
@@ -784,7 +755,7 @@ static void add_strategies(const char *string, unsigned attr)
 
 static void write_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-       const char *filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
+       const char *filename = git_path_merge_msg();
        int fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
        if (fd < 0)
                die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"),
@@ -796,7 +767,7 @@ static void write_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 
 static void read_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-       const char *filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
+       const char *filename = git_path_merge_msg();
        strbuf_reset(msg);
        if (strbuf_read_file(msg, filename, 0) < 0)
                die_errno(_("Could not read from '%s'"), filename);
@@ -829,14 +800,14 @@ static void prepare_to_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
                strbuf_commented_addf(&msg, _(merge_editor_comment), comment_line_char);
        write_merge_msg(&msg);
        if (run_commit_hook(0 < option_edit, get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
-                           git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL))
+                           git_path_merge_msg(), "merge", NULL))
                abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
        if (0 < option_edit) {
-               if (launch_editor(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), NULL, NULL))
+               if (launch_editor(git_path_merge_msg(), NULL, NULL))
                        abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
        }
        read_merge_msg(&msg);
-       stripspace(&msg, 0 < option_edit);
+       strbuf_stripspace(&msg, 0 < option_edit);
        if (!msg.len)
                abort_commit(remoteheads, _("Empty commit message."));
        strbuf_release(&merge_msg);
@@ -847,16 +818,14 @@ static void prepare_to_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 static int merge_trivial(struct commit *head, struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
        unsigned char result_tree[20], result_commit[20];
-       struct commit_list *parent = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent));
+       struct commit_list *parents, **pptr = &parents;
 
        write_tree_trivial(result_tree);
        printf(_("Wonderful.\n"));
-       parent->item = head;
-       parent->next = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent->next));
-       parent->next->item = remoteheads->item;
-       parent->next->next = NULL;
+       pptr = commit_list_append(head, pptr);
+       pptr = commit_list_append(remoteheads->item, pptr);
        prepare_to_commit(remoteheads);
-       if (commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, merge_msg.len, result_tree, parent,
+       if (commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, merge_msg.len, result_tree, parents,
                        result_commit, NULL, sign_commit))
                die(_("failed to write commit object"));
        finish(head, remoteheads, result_commit, "In-index merge");
@@ -891,28 +860,20 @@ static int finish_automerge(struct commit *head,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int suggest_conflicts(int renormalizing)
+static int suggest_conflicts(void)
 {
        const char *filename;
        FILE *fp;
-       int pos;
+       struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-       filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
+       filename = git_path_merge_msg();
        fp = fopen(filename, "a");
        if (!fp)
                die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
-       fprintf(fp, "\nConflicts:\n");
-       for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-               const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-
-               if (ce_stage(ce)) {
-                       fprintf(fp, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
-                       while (pos + 1 < active_nr &&
-                                       !strcmp(ce->name,
-                                               active_cache[pos + 1]->name))
-                               pos++;
-               }
-       }
+
+       append_conflicts_hint(&msgbuf);
+       fputs(msgbuf.buf, fp);
+       strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
        fclose(fp);
        rerere(allow_rerere_auto);
        printf(_("Automatic merge failed; "
@@ -932,7 +893,7 @@ static struct commit *is_old_style_invocation(int argc, const char **argv,
                second_token = lookup_commit_reference_gently(second_sha1, 0);
                if (!second_token)
                        die(_("'%s' is not a commit"), argv[1]);
-               if (hashcmp(second_token->object.sha1, head))
+               if (hashcmp(second_token->object.oid.hash, head))
                        return NULL;
        }
        return second_token;
@@ -973,12 +934,12 @@ static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
 
        if (!branch)
                die(_("No current branch."));
-       if (!branch->remote)
+       if (!branch->remote_name)
                die(_("No remote for the current branch."));
        if (!branch->merge_nr)
                die(_("No default upstream defined for the current branch."));
 
-       args = xcalloc(branch->merge_nr + 1, sizeof(char *));
+       args = xcalloc(st_add(branch->merge_nr, 1), sizeof(char *));
        for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
                if (!branch->merge[i]->dst)
                        die(_("No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"),
@@ -998,16 +959,16 @@ static void write_merge_state(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
        for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next) {
-               unsigned const char *sha1;
+               struct object_id *oid;
                struct commit *c = j->item;
                if (c->util && merge_remote_util(c)->obj) {
-                       sha1 = merge_remote_util(c)->obj->sha1;
+                       oid = &merge_remote_util(c)->obj->oid;
                } else {
-                       sha1 = c->object.sha1;
+                       oid = &c->object.oid;
                }
-               strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+               strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
        }
-       filename = git_path("MERGE_HEAD");
+       filename = git_path_merge_head();
        fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
        if (fd < 0)
                die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
@@ -1017,7 +978,7 @@ static void write_merge_state(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
        strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
        write_merge_msg(&merge_msg);
 
-       filename = git_path("MERGE_MODE");
+       filename = git_path_merge_mode();
        fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
        if (fd < 0)
                die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
@@ -1055,38 +1016,144 @@ static int default_edit_option(void)
                st_stdin.st_mode == st_stdout.st_mode);
 }
 
+static struct commit_list *reduce_parents(struct commit *head_commit,
+                                         int *head_subsumed,
+                                         struct commit_list *remoteheads)
+{
+       struct commit_list *parents, **remotes;
+
+       /*
+        * Is the current HEAD reachable from another commit being
+        * merged?  If so we do not want to record it as a parent of
+        * the resulting merge, unless --no-ff is given.  We will flip
+        * this variable to 0 when we find HEAD among the independent
+        * tips being merged.
+        */
+       *head_subsumed = 1;
+
+       /* Find what parents to record by checking independent ones. */
+       parents = reduce_heads(remoteheads);
+
+       remoteheads = NULL;
+       remotes = &remoteheads;
+       while (parents) {
+               struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&parents);
+               if (commit == head_commit)
+                       *head_subsumed = 0;
+               else
+                       remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+       }
+       return remoteheads;
+}
+
+static void prepare_merge_message(struct strbuf *merge_names, struct strbuf *merge_msg)
+{
+       struct fmt_merge_msg_opts opts;
+
+       memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+       opts.add_title = !have_message;
+       opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
+       opts.credit_people = (0 < option_edit);
+
+       fmt_merge_msg(merge_names, merge_msg, &opts);
+       if (merge_msg->len)
+               strbuf_setlen(merge_msg, merge_msg->len - 1);
+}
+
+static void handle_fetch_head(struct commit_list **remotes, struct strbuf *merge_names)
+{
+       const char *filename;
+       int fd, pos, npos;
+       struct strbuf fetch_head_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+       if (!merge_names)
+               merge_names = &fetch_head_file;
+
+       filename = git_path_fetch_head();
+       fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+       if (fd < 0)
+               die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), filename);
+
+       if (strbuf_read(merge_names, fd, 0) < 0)
+               die_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), filename);
+       if (close(fd) < 0)
+               die_errno(_("could not close '%s'"), filename);
+
+       for (pos = 0; pos < merge_names->len; pos = npos) {
+               unsigned char sha1[20];
+               char *ptr;
+               struct commit *commit;
+
+               ptr = strchr(merge_names->buf + pos, '\n');
+               if (ptr)
+                       npos = ptr - merge_names->buf + 1;
+               else
+                       npos = merge_names->len;
+
+               if (npos - pos < 40 + 2 ||
+                   get_sha1_hex(merge_names->buf + pos, sha1))
+                       commit = NULL; /* bad */
+               else if (memcmp(merge_names->buf + pos + 40, "\t\t", 2))
+                       continue; /* not-for-merge */
+               else {
+                       char saved = merge_names->buf[pos + 40];
+                       merge_names->buf[pos + 40] = '\0';
+                       commit = get_merge_parent(merge_names->buf + pos);
+                       merge_names->buf[pos + 40] = saved;
+               }
+               if (!commit) {
+                       if (ptr)
+                               *ptr = '\0';
+                       die("not something we can merge in %s: %s",
+                           filename, merge_names->buf + pos);
+               }
+               remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+       }
+
+       if (merge_names == &fetch_head_file)
+               strbuf_release(&fetch_head_file);
+}
+
 static struct commit_list *collect_parents(struct commit *head_commit,
                                           int *head_subsumed,
-                                          int argc, const char **argv)
+                                          int argc, const char **argv,
+                                          struct strbuf *merge_msg)
 {
        int i;
-       struct commit_list *remoteheads = NULL, *parents, *next;
+       struct commit_list *remoteheads = NULL;
        struct commit_list **remotes = &remoteheads;
+       struct strbuf merge_names = STRBUF_INIT, *autogen = NULL;
+
+       if (merge_msg && (!have_message || shortlog_len))
+               autogen = &merge_names;
 
        if (head_commit)
                remotes = &commit_list_insert(head_commit, remotes)->next;
-       for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-               struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
-               if (!commit)
-                       help_unknown_ref(argv[i], "merge",
-                                        "not something we can merge");
-               remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
-       }
-       *remotes = NULL;
 
-       parents = reduce_heads(remoteheads);
-
-       *head_subsumed = 1; /* we will flip this to 0 when we find it */
-       for (remoteheads = NULL, remotes = &remoteheads;
-            parents;
-            parents = next) {
-               struct commit *commit = parents->item;
-               next = parents->next;
-               if (commit == head_commit)
-                       *head_subsumed = 0;
-               else
+       if (argc == 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "FETCH_HEAD")) {
+               handle_fetch_head(remotes, autogen);
+               remoteheads = reduce_parents(head_commit, head_subsumed, remoteheads);
+       } else {
+               for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+                       struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
+                       if (!commit)
+                               help_unknown_ref(argv[i], "merge",
+                                                "not something we can merge");
                        remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+               }
+               remoteheads = reduce_parents(head_commit, head_subsumed, remoteheads);
+               if (autogen) {
+                       struct commit_list *p;
+                       for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
+                               merge_name(merge_remote_util(p->item)->name, autogen);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (autogen) {
+               prepare_merge_message(autogen, merge_msg);
+               strbuf_release(autogen);
        }
+
        return remoteheads;
 }
 
@@ -1112,7 +1179,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
         * Check if we are _not_ on a detached HEAD, i.e. if there is a
         * current branch.
         */
-       branch = branch_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, &flag);
+       branch = branch_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, &flag);
        if (branch && starts_with(branch, "refs/heads/"))
                branch += 11;
        if (!branch || is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
@@ -1136,7 +1203,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                int nargc = 2;
                const char *nargv[] = {"reset", "--merge", NULL};
 
-               if (!file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
+               if (!file_exists(git_path_merge_head()))
                        die(_("There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."));
 
                /* Invoke 'git reset --merge' */
@@ -1147,21 +1214,21 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
        if (read_cache_unmerged())
                die_resolve_conflict("merge");
 
-       if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"))) {
+       if (file_exists(git_path_merge_head())) {
                /*
                 * There is no unmerged entry, don't advise 'git
                 * add/rm <file>', just 'git commit'.
                 */
                if (advice_resolve_conflict)
                        die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
-                                 "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."));
+                                 "Please, commit your changes before you merge."));
                else
                        die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."));
        }
-       if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"))) {
+       if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head())) {
                if (advice_resolve_conflict)
                        die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
-                           "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."));
+                           "Please, commit your changes before you merge."));
                else
                        die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."));
        }
@@ -1176,61 +1243,62 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                option_commit = 0;
        }
 
-       if (!abort_current_merge) {
-               if (!argc) {
-                       if (default_to_upstream)
-                               argc = setup_with_upstream(&argv);
-                       else
-                               die(_("No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."));
-               } else if (argc == 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "-"))
-                       argv[0] = "@{-1}";
+       if (!argc) {
+               if (default_to_upstream)
+                       argc = setup_with_upstream(&argv);
+               else
+                       die(_("No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."));
+       } else if (argc == 1 && !strcmp(argv[0], "-")) {
+               argv[0] = "@{-1}";
        }
+
        if (!argc)
                usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
                        builtin_merge_options);
 
-       /*
-        * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
-        * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
-        * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
-        * commit-ish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
-        * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
-        * additional safety measure to check for it.
-        */
-
-       if (!have_message && head_commit &&
-           is_old_style_invocation(argc, argv, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
-               strbuf_addstr(&merge_msg, argv[0]);
-               head_arg = argv[1];
-               argv += 2;
-               argc -= 2;
-               remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed, argc, argv);
-       } else if (!head_commit) {
-               struct commit *remote_head;
+       if (!head_commit) {
                /*
                 * If the merged head is a valid one there is no reason
                 * to forbid "git merge" into a branch yet to be born.
                 * We do the same for "git pull".
                 */
-               if (argc != 1)
-                       die(_("Can merge only exactly one commit into "
-                               "empty head"));
+               unsigned char *remote_head_sha1;
                if (squash)
                        die(_("Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"));
                if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
                        die(_("Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into "
                            "an empty head"));
-               remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed, argc, argv);
-               remote_head = remoteheads->item;
-               if (!remote_head)
+               remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed,
+                                             argc, argv, NULL);
+               if (!remoteheads)
                        die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[0]);
-               read_empty(remote_head->object.sha1, 0);
-               update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", remote_head->object.sha1,
-                          NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+               if (remoteheads->next)
+                       die(_("Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"));
+               remote_head_sha1 = remoteheads->item->object.oid.hash;
+               read_empty(remote_head_sha1, 0);
+               update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", remote_head_sha1,
+                          NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
                goto done;
-       } else {
-               struct strbuf merge_names = STRBUF_INIT;
+       }
 
+       /*
+        * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
+        * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
+        * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
+        * commit-ish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
+        * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
+        * additional safety measure to check for it.
+        */
+       if (!have_message &&
+           is_old_style_invocation(argc, argv, head_commit->object.oid.hash)) {
+               warning("old-style 'git merge <msg> HEAD <commit>' is deprecated.");
+               strbuf_addstr(&merge_msg, argv[0]);
+               head_arg = argv[1];
+               argv += 2;
+               argc -= 2;
+               remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed,
+                                             argc, argv, NULL);
+       } else {
                /* We are invoked directly as the first-class UI. */
                head_arg = "HEAD";
 
@@ -1239,21 +1307,8 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                 * the standard merge summary message to be appended
                 * to the given message.
                 */
-               remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed, argc, argv);
-               for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
-                       merge_name(merge_remote_util(p->item)->name, &merge_names);
-
-               if (!have_message || shortlog_len) {
-                       struct fmt_merge_msg_opts opts;
-                       memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
-                       opts.add_title = !have_message;
-                       opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
-                       opts.credit_people = (0 < option_edit);
-
-                       fmt_merge_msg(&merge_names, &merge_msg, &opts);
-                       if (merge_msg.len)
-                               strbuf_setlen(&merge_msg, merge_msg.len - 1);
-               }
+               remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed,
+                                             argc, argv, &merge_msg);
        }
 
        if (!head_commit || !argc)
@@ -1263,13 +1318,13 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
        if (verify_signatures) {
                for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
                        struct commit *commit = p->item;
-                       char hex[41];
+                       char hex[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
                        struct signature_check signature_check;
                        memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
 
                        check_commit_signature(commit, &signature_check);
 
-                       strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+                       find_unique_abbrev_r(hex, commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
                        switch (signature_check.result) {
                        case 'G':
                                break;
@@ -1286,10 +1341,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                                printf(_("Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"),
                                       hex, signature_check.signer);
 
-                       free(signature_check.gpg_output);
-                       free(signature_check.gpg_status);
-                       free(signature_check.signer);
-                       free(signature_check.key);
+                       signature_check_clear(&signature_check);
                }
        }
 
@@ -1302,7 +1354,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
        for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
                struct commit *commit = p->item;
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "GITHEAD_%s",
-                           sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+                           sha1_to_hex(commit->object.oid.hash));
                setenv(buf.buf, merge_remote_util(commit)->name, 1);
                strbuf_reset(&buf);
                if (fast_forward != FF_ONLY &&
@@ -1334,7 +1386,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
        if (!remoteheads)
                ; /* already up-to-date */
        else if (!remoteheads->next)
-               common = get_merge_bases(head_commit, remoteheads->item, 1);
+               common = get_merge_bases(head_commit, remoteheads->item);
        else {
                struct commit_list *list = remoteheads;
                commit_list_insert(head_commit, &list);
@@ -1342,8 +1394,8 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                free(list);
        }
 
-       update_ref("updating ORIG_HEAD", "ORIG_HEAD", head_commit->object.sha1,
-                  NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+       update_ref("updating ORIG_HEAD", "ORIG_HEAD", head_commit->object.oid.hash,
+                  NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 
        if (remoteheads && !common)
                ; /* No common ancestors found. We need a real merge. */
@@ -1358,19 +1410,19 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                goto done;
        } else if (fast_forward != FF_NO && !remoteheads->next &&
                        !common->next &&
-                       !hashcmp(common->item->object.sha1, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
+                       !hashcmp(common->item->object.oid.hash, head_commit->object.oid.hash)) {
                /* Again the most common case of merging one remote. */
                struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
                struct commit *commit;
-               char hex[41];
 
-               strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(head_commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-
-               if (verbosity >= 0)
-                       printf(_("Updating %s..%s\n"),
-                               hex,
-                               find_unique_abbrev(remoteheads->item->object.sha1,
-                               DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+               if (verbosity >= 0) {
+                       char from[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1], to[GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1];
+                       find_unique_abbrev_r(from, head_commit->object.oid.hash,
+                                             DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+                       find_unique_abbrev_r(to, remoteheads->item->object.oid.hash,
+                                             DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+                       printf(_("Updating %s..%s\n"), from, to);
+               }
                strbuf_addstr(&msg, "Fast-forward");
                if (have_message)
                        strbuf_addstr(&msg,
@@ -1381,14 +1433,14 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                        goto done;
                }
 
-               if (checkout_fast_forward(head_commit->object.sha1,
-                                         commit->object.sha1,
+               if (checkout_fast_forward(head_commit->object.oid.hash,
+                                         commit->object.oid.hash,
                                          overwrite_ignore)) {
                        ret = 1;
                        goto done;
                }
 
-               finish(head_commit, remoteheads, commit->object.sha1, msg.buf);
+               finish(head_commit, remoteheads, commit->object.oid.hash, msg.buf);
                drop_save();
                goto done;
        } else if (!remoteheads->next && common->next)
@@ -1407,9 +1459,9 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                        /* See if it is really trivial. */
                        git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
                        printf(_("Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"));
-                       if (!read_tree_trivial(common->item->object.sha1,
-                                              head_commit->object.sha1,
-                                              remoteheads->item->object.sha1)) {
+                       if (!read_tree_trivial(common->item->object.oid.hash,
+                                              head_commit->object.oid.hash,
+                                              remoteheads->item->object.oid.hash)) {
                                ret = merge_trivial(head_commit, remoteheads);
                                goto done;
                        }
@@ -1431,9 +1483,9 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                         * merge_bases again, otherwise "git merge HEAD^
                         * HEAD^^" would be missed.
                         */
-                       common_one = get_merge_bases(head_commit, j->item, 1);
-                       if (hashcmp(common_one->item->object.sha1,
-                               j->item->object.sha1)) {
+                       common_one = get_merge_bases(head_commit, j->item);
+                       if (hashcmp(common_one->item->object.oid.hash,
+                               j->item->object.oid.hash)) {
                                up_to_date = 0;
                                break;
                        }
@@ -1469,7 +1521,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                int ret;
                if (i) {
                        printf(_("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"));
-                       restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
+                       restore_state(head_commit->object.oid.hash, stash);
                }
                if (use_strategies_nr != 1)
                        printf(_("Trying merge strategy %s...\n"),
@@ -1535,7 +1587,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
         * it up.
         */
        if (!best_strategy) {
-               restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
+               restore_state(head_commit->object.oid.hash, stash);
                if (use_strategies_nr > 1)
                        fprintf(stderr,
                                _("No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"));
@@ -1548,7 +1600,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                ; /* We already have its result in the working tree. */
        else {
                printf(_("Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"));
-               restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
+               restore_state(head_commit->object.oid.hash, stash);
                printf(_("Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"),
                        best_strategy);
                try_merge_strategy(best_strategy, common, remoteheads,
@@ -1564,7 +1616,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
                fprintf(stderr, _("Automatic merge went well; "
                        "stopped before committing as requested\n"));
        else
-               ret = suggest_conflicts(option_renormalize);
+               ret = suggest_conflicts();
 
 done:
        free(branch_to_free);