SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
- [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]]
+ [-p|--paginate|--no-pager]
+ [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]
+ [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
and full access to internals.
-See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
+See this linkgit:gittutorial[7][tutorial] to get started, then see
link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
-also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration].
-link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] is still work in
-progress, but when finished hopefully it will guide a new user
-in a coherent way to git enlightenment ;-).
+also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7][CVS migration]. See
+link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
+introduction.
The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
-as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-config[1]).
+as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+
+Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
+documentation can be viewed at
+`http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
ifdef::stalenotes[]
[NOTE]
============
-You are reading the documentation for the latest version of git.
+
+You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
+unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
+branch of the `git.git` repository.
Documentation for older releases are available here:
-* link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[release notes for 1.5.1]
+* link:v1.5.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
+
+* link:v1.5.5.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.1]
+
+* link:v1.5.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
+
+* link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
+
+* link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
* link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
-* link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.7]
-
-* link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.6]
-
-* link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.5]
-
-* link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.3]
-
-* link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.2]
-
-* link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.1]
-
-* link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[release notes for 1.5.0]
-
-* link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.4.4.4]
-
-* link:v1.3.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.3.3]
-
-* link:v1.2.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.2.6]
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
-* link:v1.0.13/git.html[documentation for release 1.0.13]
+* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
+ link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
+ link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
+ link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
============
--help::
Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
- commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
- the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
- given then all available commands are printed.
+ commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
+ available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
+ option will bring up the manual page for that command.
++
+Other options are available to control how the manual page is
+displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
+because 'git --help ...' is converted internally into 'git
+help ...'.
--exec-path::
Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
-p|--paginate::
Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
+--no-pager::
+ Do not pipe git output into a pager.
+
--git-dir=<path>::
Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
- setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
+ setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
+ path or relative path to current working directory.
+
+--work-tree=<path>::
+ Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
+ used in combination with repositories found automatically in
+ a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
+ This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
+ environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
+ variable. It can be an absolute path or relative path to
+ the directory specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR.
+ Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
+ --work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
+ the current working directory is regarded as the top directory
+ of your working tree.
--bare::
- Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
+ Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
+ environment is not set, it is set to the current working
+ directory.
+
FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
---------------------
See the references above to get started using git. The following is
probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
-The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
-link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
-underlying git architecture.
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and the link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide
+introductions to the underlying git architecture.
See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
examples.
+The internals are documented link:technical/api-index.html[here].
+
GIT COMMANDS
------------
Although git includes its
own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
-might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
-gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
+might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
+linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
(i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
-"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
+"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
File/Directory Structure
------------------------
-Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
+Please see the link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
-Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
+Read linkgit:githooks[5][hooks] for more details about each hook.
Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
`$GIT_DIR`.
Terminology
-----------
-Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
+Please see the link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
Environment Variables
index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
is used.
-'_GIT_INDEX_OUTPUT'::
- When this environment is defined, plumbing level
- commands that update the index writes the resulting
- index to this file, instead of `$GIT_INDEX_FILE` (or its
- default `$GIT_DIR/index`). This is solely meant to be
- used by Porcelain to drive low-level plumbing. Defining
- this in user's environment is always an error.
-
'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
If the object storage directory is specified via this
environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
for the base of the repository.
+'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
+ Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
+ used in combination with repositories found automatically in
+ a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
+ This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
+ option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
+
git Commits
~~~~~~~~~~~
'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
- see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
+'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
+'EMAIL'::
+ see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
git Diffs
~~~~~~~~~
other
~~~~~
+'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
+ A number controlling the amount of output shown by
+ the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
+ See linkgit:git-merge[1]
+
'GIT_PAGER'::
- This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`.
+ This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
+ to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
+ a pager.
+
+'GIT_SSH'::
+ If this environment variable is set then linkgit:git-fetch[1]
+ and linkgit:git-push[1] will use this command instead
+ of `ssh` when they need to connect to a remote system.
+ The 'GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
+ the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
+ shell command to execute on that remote system.
++
+To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
+you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
+then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
++
+Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
+personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
+for further details.
+
+'GIT_FLUSH'::
+ If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
+ as git-blame (in incremental mode), git-rev-list, git-log,
+ git-whatchanged, etc., will force a flush of the output stream
+ after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
+ variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
+ using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
+ not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+ based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
'GIT_TRACE'::
If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
Discussion[[Discussion]]
------------------------
-include::core-intro.txt[]
+
+More detail on the following is available from the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and the link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial].
+
+A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
+things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
+of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
+contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
+as tags and branch heads.
+
+The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
+hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
+directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
+and some number of parent commits.
+
+The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
+"version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
+represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
+parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
+
+All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
+written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
+The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
+just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
+purpose.
+
+When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
+efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
+
+Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
+may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of
+tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
+`HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
+
+The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
+path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
+the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
+attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
+corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
+working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
+be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
+content stored in the index.
+
+The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
+for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
+unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
Authors
-------
* git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
-* The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
-* The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
+* The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.
+* The git potty was written by Andre
as Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
* General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
Documentation
GIT
---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
-
+Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite