-git(7)
+git(1)
======
NAME
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+[verse]
+'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
+ [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
+ [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
+ [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
+ [--super-prefix=<path>]
+ <command> [<args>]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
and full access to internals.
-See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
-"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
-also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration].
+See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
+linkgit:giteveryday[7] for a useful minimum set of
+commands. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more
+in-depth introduction.
+
+After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
+page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about
+individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7]
+manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax.
+
+A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation
+can be viewed at `https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html`.
+
+ifdef::stalenotes[]
+[NOTE]
+============
+
+You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
+unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master'
+branch of the `git.git` repository.
+Documentation for older releases are available here:
+
+* link:v2.12.2/git.html[documentation for release 2.12.2]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.12.2.txt[2.12.2].
+ link:RelNotes/2.12.1.txt[2.12.1].
+ link:RelNotes/2.12.0.txt[2.12].
+
+* link:v2.11.1/git.html[documentation for release 2.11.1]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.11.1.txt[2.11.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.11.0.txt[2.11].
+
+* link:v2.10.2/git.html[documentation for release 2.10.2]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.10.2.txt[2.10.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.10.1.txt[2.10.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.10.0.txt[2.10].
+
+* link:v2.9.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.9.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.9.3.txt[2.9.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.9.2.txt[2.9.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.9.1.txt[2.9.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.9.0.txt[2.9].
+
+* link:v2.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.8.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.8.4.txt[2.8.4],
+ link:RelNotes/2.8.3.txt[2.8.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.8.2.txt[2.8.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.8.1.txt[2.8.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.8.0.txt[2.8].
+
+* link:v2.7.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.7.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.7.3.txt[2.7.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.7.2.txt[2.7.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.7.1.txt[2.7.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.7.0.txt[2.7].
+
+* link:v2.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 2.6.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.6.6.txt[2.6.6],
+ link:RelNotes/2.6.5.txt[2.6.5],
+ link:RelNotes/2.6.4.txt[2.6.4],
+ link:RelNotes/2.6.3.txt[2.6.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.6.2.txt[2.6.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.6.1.txt[2.6.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.6.0.txt[2.6].
+
+* link:v2.5.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.5.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.5.5.txt[2.5.5],
+ link:RelNotes/2.5.4.txt[2.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/2.5.3.txt[2.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.5.2.txt[2.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.5.1.txt[2.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.5.0.txt[2.5].
+
+* link:v2.4.11/git.html[documentation for release 2.4.11]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.11.txt[2.4.11],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.10.txt[2.4.10],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.9.txt[2.4.9],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.8.txt[2.4.8],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.7.txt[2.4.7],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.6.txt[2.4.6],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.5.txt[2.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.4.txt[2.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.3.txt[2.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.2.txt[2.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.1.txt[2.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.4.0.txt[2.4].
+
+* link:v2.3.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.10]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.10.txt[2.3.10],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.9.txt[2.3.9],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.8.txt[2.3.8],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.7.txt[2.3.7],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.6.txt[2.3.6],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.4.txt[2.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3].
+
+* link:v2.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.2.3.txt[2.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2].
+
+* link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4],
+ link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1].
+
+* link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5],
+ link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4],
+ link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0].
+
+* link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0].
+
+* link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt[1.8.5.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5].
+
+* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4].
+
+* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
+
+* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
+
+* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
+
+* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0].
+
+* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12].
+
+* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11].
+
+* link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10].
+
+* link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
+
+* link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
+
+* link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
+
+* link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
+
+* link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
+
+* link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
+
+* link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
+
+* link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
+
+* link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
+
+* link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
+
+* link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
+
+* link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
+
+* link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
+
+* link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
+
+* link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
+
+* link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
+
+* link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
+
+* link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
+
+* link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
+
+* link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
+
+* link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
+
+* link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
+
+* link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
+
+* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
+ link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
+ link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
+ link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
+
+============
+
+endif::stalenotes[]
OPTIONS
-------
--version::
- Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
+ Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
--help::
Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
- commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
- the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
- given then all available commands are printed.
-
---exec-path::
- Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
+ commands. If the option `--all` or `-a` is given then all
+ available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
+ option will bring up the manual page for that command.
++
+Other options are available to control how the manual page is
+displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
+because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
+help ...`.
+
+-C <path>::
+ Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
+ directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
+ non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
+ <path>`.
++
+This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
+`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
+made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For
+example the following invocations are equivalent:
+
+ git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
+ git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status
+
+-c <name>=<value>::
+ Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
+ given will override values from configuration files.
+ The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
+ 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
++
+Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets
+`foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a
+config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c
+foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string.
+
+--exec-path[=<path>]::
+ Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
- environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
+ environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
the current setting and then exit.
-
-FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
----------------------
-
-See the references above to get started using git. The following is
-probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
-
-The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
-link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
-underlying git architecture.
-
-See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
-examples.
+--html-path::
+ Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
+ documentation is installed and exit.
+
+--man-path::
+ Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
+ this version of Git and exit.
+
+--info-path::
+ Print the path where the Info files documenting this
+ version of Git are installed and exit.
+
+-p::
+--paginate::
+ Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
+ output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
+ configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
+ below).
+
+--no-pager::
+ Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
+
+--git-dir=<path>::
+ Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
+ setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute
+ path or relative path to current working directory.
+
+--work-tree=<path>::
+ Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
+ or a path relative to the current working directory.
+ This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
+ environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
+ variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
+ more detailed discussion).
+
+--namespace=<path>::
+ Set the Git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
+ details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
+ variable.
+
+--super-prefix=<path>::
+ Currently for internal use only. Set a prefix which gives a path from
+ above a repository down to its root. One use is to give submodules
+ context about the superproject that invoked it.
+
+--bare::
+ Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
+ environment is not set, it is set to the current working
+ directory.
+
+--no-replace-objects::
+ Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
+ linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
+
+--literal-pathspecs::
+ Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
+ This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
+ variable to `1`.
+
+--glob-pathspecs::
+ Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+ the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling
+ globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+ magic ":(literal)"
+
+--noglob-pathspecs::
+ Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+ the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling
+ globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+ magic ":(glob)"
+
+--icase-pathspecs::
+ Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+ the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
GIT COMMANDS
------------
-We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
+We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
("plumbing") commands.
-Low-level commands (plumbing)
------------------------------
-
-Although git includes its
-own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
-development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
-might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
-gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
-
-We divide the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
-the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
-compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
-repositories.
-
-Manipulation commands
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-apply[1]::
- Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and
- applies it to the working tree.
-
-gitlink:git-checkout-index[1]::
- Copy files from the index to the working tree.
-
-gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]::
- Creates a new commit object.
-
-gitlink:git-hash-object[1]::
- Computes the object ID from a file.
-
-gitlink:git-index-pack[1]::
- Build pack idx file for an existing packed archive.
-
-gitlink:git-init-db[1]::
- Creates an empty git object database, or reinitialize an
- existing one.
-
-gitlink:git-merge-index[1]::
- Runs a merge for files needing merging.
-
-gitlink:git-mktag[1]::
- Creates a tag object.
-
-gitlink:git-mktree[1]::
- Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text.
-
-gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]::
- Creates a packed archive of objects.
-
-gitlink:git-prune-packed[1]::
- Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
-
-gitlink:git-read-tree[1]::
- Reads tree information into the index.
-
-gitlink:git-repo-config[1]::
- Get and set options in .git/config.
-
-gitlink:git-unpack-objects[1]::
- Unpacks objects out of a packed archive.
-
-gitlink:git-update-index[1]::
- Registers files in the working tree to the index.
-
-gitlink:git-write-tree[1]::
- Creates a tree from the index.
-
-
-Interrogation commands
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-gitlink:git-cat-file[1]::
- Provide content or type/size information for repository objects.
-
-gitlink:git-describe[1]::
- Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit.
-
-gitlink:git-diff-index[1]::
- Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository.
-
-gitlink:git-diff-files[1]::
- Compares files in the working tree and the index.
-
-gitlink:git-diff-stages[1]::
- Compares two "merge stages" in the index.
-
-gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]::
- Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects.
-
-gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1]::
- Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database.
-
-gitlink:git-ls-files[1]::
- Information about files in the index and the working tree.
-
-gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]::
- Displays a tree object in human readable form.
-
-gitlink:git-merge-base[1]::
- Finds as good common ancestors as possible for a merge.
-
-gitlink:git-name-rev[1]::
- Find symbolic names for given revs.
-
-gitlink:git-pack-redundant[1]::
- Find redundant pack files.
-
-gitlink:git-rev-list[1]::
- Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order.
-
-gitlink:git-show-index[1]::
- Displays contents of a pack idx file.
-
-gitlink:git-tar-tree[1]::
- Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree object.
-
-gitlink:git-unpack-file[1]::
- Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents.
-
-gitlink:git-var[1]::
- Displays a git logical variable.
-
-gitlink:git-verify-pack[1]::
- Validates packed git archive files.
-
-In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
-the working tree.
-
-
-Synching repositories
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-gitlink:git-clone-pack[1]::
- Clones a repository into the current repository (engine
- for ssh and local transport).
-
-gitlink:git-fetch-pack[1]::
- Updates from a remote repository (engine for ssh and
- local transport).
-
-gitlink:git-http-fetch[1]::
- Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP by walking
- commit chain.
-
-gitlink:git-local-fetch[1]::
- Duplicates another git repository on a local system by
- walking commit chain.
-
-gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]::
- Lists references on a remote repository using
- upload-pack protocol (engine for ssh and local
- transport).
-
-gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]::
- Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
-
-gitlink:git-send-pack[1]::
- Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
-
-gitlink:git-http-push[1]::
- Push missing objects using HTTP/DAV.
-
-gitlink:git-shell[1]::
- Restricted shell for GIT-only SSH access.
-
-gitlink:git-ssh-fetch[1]::
- Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection by
- walking commit chain.
-
-gitlink:git-ssh-upload[1]::
- Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch.
-
-gitlink:git-update-server-info[1]::
- Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help
- clients discover references and packs on it.
-
-gitlink:git-upload-pack[1]::
- Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
- what are asked for.
-
-gitlink:git-upload-tar[1]::
- Invoked by 'git-tar-tree --remote' to return the tar
- archive the other end asked for.
-
-
High-level commands (porcelain)
-------------------------------
Main porcelain commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-add[1]::
- Add paths to the index.
-
-gitlink:git-am[1]::
- Apply patches from a mailbox, but cooler.
-
-gitlink:git-applymbox[1]::
- Apply patches from a mailbox, original version by Linus.
-
-gitlink:git-bisect[1]::
- Find the change that introduced a bug by binary search.
-
-gitlink:git-branch[1]::
- Create and Show branches.
-
-gitlink:git-checkout[1]::
- Checkout and switch to a branch.
-
-gitlink:git-cherry-pick[1]::
- Cherry-pick the effect of an existing commit.
-
-gitlink:git-clean[1]::
- Remove untracked files from the working tree.
-
-gitlink:git-clone[1]::
- Clones a repository into a new directory.
-
-gitlink:git-commit[1]::
- Record changes to the repository.
-
-gitlink:git-diff[1]::
- Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
-
-gitlink:git-fetch[1]::
- Download from a remote repository via various protocols.
-
-gitlink:git-format-patch[1]::
- Prepare patches for e-mail submission.
-
-gitlink:git-grep[1]::
- Print lines matching a pattern.
-
-gitlink:git-log[1]::
- Shows commit logs.
-
-gitlink:git-ls-remote[1]::
- Shows references in a remote or local repository.
-
-gitlink:git-merge[1]::
- Grand unified merge driver.
-
-gitlink:git-mv[1]::
- Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink.
-
-gitlink:git-pull[1]::
- Fetch from and merge with a remote repository.
-
-gitlink:git-push[1]::
- Update remote refs along with associated objects.
-
-gitlink:git-rebase[1]::
- Rebase local commits to the updated upstream head.
-
-gitlink:git-repack[1]::
- Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
-
-gitlink:git-rerere[1]::
- Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges.
-
-gitlink:git-reset[1]::
- Reset current HEAD to the specified state.
-
-gitlink:git-resolve[1]::
- Merge two commits.
-
-gitlink:git-revert[1]::
- Revert an existing commit.
-
-gitlink:git-rm[1]::
- Remove files from the working tree and from the index.
-
-gitlink:git-shortlog[1]::
- Summarizes 'git log' output.
-
-gitlink:git-show[1]::
- Show one commit log and its diff.
-
-gitlink:git-show-branch[1]::
- Show branches and their commits.
-
-gitlink:git-status[1]::
- Shows the working tree status.
-
-gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]::
- Check the GPG signature of tag.
-
-gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]::
- Shows commit logs and differences they introduce.
-
+include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
Ancillary Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Manipulators:
-gitlink:git-applypatch[1]::
- Apply one patch extracted from an e-mail.
-
-gitlink:git-archimport[1]::
- Import an arch repository into git.
-
-gitlink:git-convert-objects[1]::
- Converts old-style git repository.
-
-gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]::
- Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
-
-gitlink:git-cvsexportcommit[1]::
- Export a single commit to a CVS checkout.
-
-gitlink:git-cvsserver[1]::
- A CVS server emulator for git.
-
-gitlink:git-lost-found[1]::
- Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned.
-
-gitlink:git-merge-one-file[1]::
- The standard helper program to use with `git-merge-index`.
-
-gitlink:git-prune[1]::
- Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database.
-
-gitlink:git-quiltimport[1]::
- Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch.
-
-gitlink:git-relink[1]::
- Hardlink common objects in local repositories.
-
-gitlink:git-svnimport[1]::
- Import a SVN repository into git.
-
-gitlink:git-sh-setup[1]::
- Common git shell script setup code.
-
-gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]::
- Read and modify symbolic refs.
+include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
-gitlink:git-tag[1]::
- An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG.
-
-gitlink:git-update-ref[1]::
- Update the object name stored in a ref safely.
+Interrogators:
+include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
-Interrogators:
-gitlink:git-annotate[1]::
- Annotate file lines with commit info.
+Interacting with Others
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-blame[1]::
- Blame file lines on commits.
+These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
+people via patch over e-mail.
-gitlink:git-check-ref-format[1]::
- Make sure ref name is well formed.
+include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
-gitlink:git-cherry[1]::
- Find commits not merged upstream.
-gitlink:git-count-objects[1]::
- Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
+Low-level commands (plumbing)
+-----------------------------
-gitlink:git-daemon[1]::
- A really simple server for git repositories.
+Although Git includes its
+own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
+development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
+might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
+linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
+The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
+to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
+than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
+primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
+on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
+end user experience.
+
+The following description divides
+the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
+the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
+compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
+repositories.
-gitlink:git-fmt-merge-msg[1]::
- Produce a merge commit message.
-gitlink:git-get-tar-commit-id[1]::
- Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-tar-tree.
+Manipulation commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-imap-send[1]::
- Dump a mailbox from stdin into an imap folder.
+include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
-gitlink:git-mailinfo[1]::
- Extracts patch and authorship information from a single
- e-mail message, optionally transliterating the commit
- message into utf-8.
-gitlink:git-mailsplit[1]::
- A stupid program to split UNIX mbox format mailbox into
- individual pieces of e-mail.
+Interrogation commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-merge-tree[1]::
- Show three-way merge without touching index.
+include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
-gitlink:git-patch-id[1]::
- Compute unique ID for a patch.
+In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
+the working tree.
-gitlink:git-parse-remote[1]::
- Routines to help parsing `$GIT_DIR/remotes/` files.
-gitlink:git-request-pull[1]::
- git-request-pull.
+Synching repositories
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-rev-parse[1]::
- Pick out and massage parameters.
+include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
-gitlink:git-send-email[1]::
- Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output.
+The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
+typically do not use them directly.
-gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]::
- Read and modify symbolic refs.
+include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
-gitlink:git-stripspace[1]::
- Filter out empty lines.
+Internal helper commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Commands not yet documented
----------------------------
+These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
+users typically do not use them directly.
-gitlink:gitk[1]::
- The gitk repository browser.
+include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
Configuration Mechanism
-----------------------
-Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
-is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
-simple text file modelled after `.ini` format familiar to some
-people. Here is an example:
+Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
+repository and are per user. Such a configuration file may look
+like this:
------------
#
; user identity
[user]
name = "Junio C Hamano"
- email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+ email = "gitster@pobox.com"
------------
Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
-their operation accordingly.
+their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
+list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
Identifier Terminology
operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
<commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
+<commit-ish>::
+ Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
+ command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
+ operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
+ <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
+
<type>::
Indicates that an object type is required.
Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
Symbolic Identifiers
--------------------
-Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
+Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
symbolic notation:
HEAD::
- indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
- contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
+ indicates the head of the current branch.
<tag>::
a valid tag 'name'
- (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
+ (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
<head>::
a valid head 'name'
- (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
+ (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
+
+For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
+"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
File/Directory Structure
------------------------
-Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
+Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
-Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
+Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
`$GIT_DIR`.
Terminology
-----------
-Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
+Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
Environment Variables
---------------------
-Various git commands use the following environment variables:
+Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
-The git Repository
+The Git Repository
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
+These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
-git so take care if using Cogito etc.
+Git so take care if using a foreign front-end.
-'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
+`GIT_INDEX_FILE`::
This environment allows the specification of an alternate
index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
is used.
-'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
+`GIT_INDEX_VERSION`::
+ This environment variable allows the specification of an index
+ version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index
+ files. By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See
+ linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information.
+
+`GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`::
If the object storage directory is specified via this
environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
directory is used.
-'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
- Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
+`GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES`::
+ Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
- specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
- can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
- written to these directories.
-
-'GIT_DIR'::
- If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
+ specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
+ of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
+ objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
++
+ Entries that begin with `"` (double-quote) will be interpreted
+ as C-style quoted paths, removing leading and trailing
+ double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value
+ `"path-with-\"-and-:-in-it":vanilla-path` has two paths:
+ `path-with-"-and-:-in-it` and `vanilla-path`.
+
+`GIT_DIR`::
+ If the `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it
specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
for the base of the repository.
-
-git Commits
+ The `--git-dir` command-line option also sets this value.
+
+`GIT_WORK_TREE`::
+ Set the path to the root of the working tree.
+ This can also be controlled by the `--work-tree` command-line
+ option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
+
+`GIT_NAMESPACE`::
+ Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
+ The `--namespace` command-line option also sets this value.
+
+`GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`::
+ This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. If
+ set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
+ into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
+ excluding slow-loading network directories). It will not
+ exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
+ command line or in the environment. Normally, Git has to read
+ the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
+ might be present in order to compare them with the current
+ directory. However, if even this access is slow, you
+ can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
+ subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
+ e.g.,
+ `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink`.
+
+`GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM`::
+ When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
+ directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
+ directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
+ does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
+ can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
+ boundaries. Like `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`, this will not affect
+ an explicit repository directory set via `GIT_DIR` or on the
+ command line.
+
+`GIT_COMMON_DIR`::
+ If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are
+ normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path
+ instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are
+ taken from $GIT_DIR. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] and
+ linkgit:git-worktree[1] for
+ details. This variable has lower precedence than other path
+ variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY...
+
+Git Commits
~~~~~~~~~~~
-'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
-'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
-'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
-'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
-'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
- see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
-
-git Diffs
+`GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`::
+`GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`::
+`GIT_AUTHOR_DATE`::
+`GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`::
+`GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`::
+`GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`::
+'EMAIL'::
+ see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
+
+Git Diffs
~~~~~~~~~
-'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
-'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
- see the "generating patches" section in :
- gitlink:git-diff-index[1];
- gitlink:git-diff-files[1];
- gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]
+`GIT_DIFF_OPTS`::
+ Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
+ number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
+ This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
+ value passed on the Git diff command line.
+
+`GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF`::
+ When the environment variable `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is set, the
+ program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
+ described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
+ `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 7 parameters:
+
+ path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
++
+where:
+
+ <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
+ contents of <old|new>,
+ <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
+ <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
++
+The file parameters can point at the user's working file
+(e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
+when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
+index). `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` should not worry about unlinking the
+temporary file --- it is removed when `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` exits.
++
+For a path that is unmerged, `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 1
+parameter, <path>.
++
+For each path `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called, two environment variables,
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER` and `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL` are set.
+
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER`::
+ A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
+
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL`::
+ The total number of paths.
+
+other
+~~~~~
+`GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY`::
+ A number controlling the amount of output shown by
+ the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
+ See linkgit:git-merge[1]
+
+`GIT_PAGER`::
+ This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
+ to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
+ a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
+ linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+`GIT_EDITOR`::
+ This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
+ It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
+ an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
+ and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+`GIT_SSH`::
+`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`::
+ If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'
+ and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'
+ when they need to connect to a remote system.
+ The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the
+ 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell
+ command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by
+ `-p` (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies
+ something other than the default SSH port.
++
+`$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted
+by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
+`$GIT_SSH` on the other hand must be just the path to a program
+(which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are
+needed).
++
+Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
+personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
+for further details.
+
+`GIT_SSH_VARIANT`::
+ If this environment variable is set, it overrides Git's autodetection
+ whether `GIT_SSH`/`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`/`core.sshCommand` refer to OpenSSH,
+ plink or tortoiseplink. This variable overrides the config setting
+ `ssh.variant` that serves the same purpose.
+
+`GIT_ASKPASS`::
+ If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
+ acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
+ will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument
+ and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the `core.askPass`
+ option in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+`GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT`::
+ If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt
+ on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
+
+`GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::
+ Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+ `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file. This environment variable can
+ be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
+ predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
+ temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
+ waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
+
+`GIT_FLUSH`::
+ If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
+ as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
+ 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
+ force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
+ flushed. If this
+ variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
+ using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
+ not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+ based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
+
+`GIT_TRACE`::
+ Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in
+ command execution and external command execution.
++
+If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
+is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
+stderr.
++
+If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
+and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
+value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
+trace messages into this file descriptor.
++
+Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
+(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
+as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
+into it.
++
+Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
+"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`::
+ Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
+ access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
+ recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
+ pack-related performance problems.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PACKET`::
+ Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a
+ given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation
+ or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet
+ starting with "PACK" (but see `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE` below).
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE`::
+ Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a
+ given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is
+ verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost
+ certainly want to direct into a file (e.g.,
+ `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack`) rather than displaying it on
+ the terminal or mixing it with other trace output.
++
+Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side
+of clones and fetches.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`::
+ Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution
+ time of each Git command.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_SETUP`::
+ Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
+ working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW`::
+ Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /
+ cloning of shallow repositories.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_CURL`::
+ Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,
+ including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.
+ This is similar to doing curl `--trace-ascii` on the command line.
+ This option overrides setting the `GIT_CURL_VERBOSE` environment
+ variable.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::
+ Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+ pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
+ running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
+ for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
+ glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
+ literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
+ `git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
+
+`GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS`::
+ Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+ pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
+
+`GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS`::
+ Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+ pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
+
+`GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS`::
+ Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+ pathspecs as case-insensitive.
+
+`GIT_REFLOG_ACTION`::
+ When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
+ track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
+ typically the name of the high-level command that updated
+ the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
+ A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
+ helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this
+ variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
+ end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
+
+`GIT_REF_PARANOIA`::
+ If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating
+ over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this
+ does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and
+ abort some operations in the presence of broken refs. Git sets
+ this variable automatically when performing destructive
+ operations like linkgit:git-prune[1]. You should not need to set
+ it yourself unless you want to be paranoid about making sure
+ an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are
+ cloning a repository to make a backup).
+
+`GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL`::
+ If set to a colon-separated list of protocols, behave as if
+ `protocol.allow` is set to `never`, and each of the listed
+ protocols has `protocol.<name>.allow` set to `always`
+ (overriding any existing configuration). In other words, any
+ protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e., this is a
+ whitelist, not a blacklist). See the description of
+ `protocol.allow` in linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.
+
+`GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER`::
+ Set to 0 to prevent protocols used by fetch/push/clone which are
+ configured to the `user` state. This is useful to restrict recursive
+ submodule initialization from an untrusted repository or for programs
+ which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands. See
+ linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.
Discussion[[Discussion]]
------------------------
-include::README[]
+
+More detail on the following is available from the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
+
+A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
+things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
+of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
+contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
+as tags and branch heads.
+
+The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
+hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
+directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
+and some number of parent commits.
+
+The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
+"version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
+represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
+parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
+
+All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
+written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
+The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
+just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
+purpose.
+
+When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
+efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
+
+Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
+may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA-1 names of
+tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
+`HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
+
+The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
+path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
+the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
+attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
+corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
+working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
+be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
+content stored in the index.
+
+The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
+for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
+unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
+
+FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
+---------------------
+
+See the references in the "description" section to get started
+using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary
+for a first-time user.
+
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
+introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
+
+See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
+
+See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
+examples.
+
+The internals are documented in the
+link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
+
+Users migrating from CVS may also want to
+read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
Authors
-------
-* git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
-* The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
-* The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
-* General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
+C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>. http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary
+gives you a more complete list of contributors.
-Documentation
+If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
+output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
+the authors for specific parts of the project.
+
+Reporting Bugs
--------------
-The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
-<david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
-contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
+development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
+subscribed to the list to send a message there.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
+linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
GIT
---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
-
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite