sequencer: introduce the `merge` command
[gitweb.git] / sequencer.c
index 4d3f60594cbf0e9ddf2ea78e8c58eca312b4cac0..94f4831a0c3abdbe60c2abd135332ac6a293730f 100644 (file)
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "lockfile.h"
-#include "sequencer.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "commit.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
-#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "exec-cmd.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "wt-status.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "worktree.h"
 
 #define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
 
 const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
 static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";
 
+GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_commit_editmsg, "COMMIT_EDITMSG")
+
 GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_seq_dir, "sequencer")
 
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_todo_file, "sequencer/todo")
@@ -116,6 +122,13 @@ static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_stopped_sha, "rebase-merge/stopped-sha")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_rewritten_list, "rebase-merge/rewritten-list")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_rewritten_pending,
        "rebase-merge/rewritten-pending")
+
+/*
+ * The path of the file listing refs that need to be deleted after the rebase
+ * finishes. This is used by the `label` command to record the need for cleanup.
+ */
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_refs_to_delete, "rebase-merge/refs-to-delete")
+
 /*
  * The following files are written by git-rebase just after parsing the
  * command-line (and are only consumed, not modified, by the sequencer).
@@ -123,6 +136,7 @@ static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_rewritten_pending,
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_gpg_sign_opt, "rebase-merge/gpg_sign_opt")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_orig_head, "rebase-merge/orig-head")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_verbose, "rebase-merge/verbose")
+static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_signoff, "rebase-merge/signoff")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_head_name, "rebase-merge/head-name")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_onto, "rebase-merge/onto")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_autostash, "rebase-merge/autostash")
@@ -130,6 +144,51 @@ static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_strategy, "rebase-merge/strategy")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_strategy_opts, "rebase-merge/strategy_opts")
 static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_allow_rerere_autoupdate, "rebase-merge/allow_rerere_autoupdate")
 
+static int git_sequencer_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+       struct replay_opts *opts = cb;
+       int status;
+
+       if (!strcmp(k, "commit.cleanup")) {
+               const char *s;
+
+               status = git_config_string(&s, k, v);
+               if (status)
+                       return status;
+
+               if (!strcmp(s, "verbatim"))
+                       opts->default_msg_cleanup = COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_NONE;
+               else if (!strcmp(s, "whitespace"))
+                       opts->default_msg_cleanup = COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_SPACE;
+               else if (!strcmp(s, "strip"))
+                       opts->default_msg_cleanup = COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_ALL;
+               else if (!strcmp(s, "scissors"))
+                       opts->default_msg_cleanup = COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_SPACE;
+               else
+                       warning(_("invalid commit message cleanup mode '%s'"),
+                                 s);
+
+               return status;
+       }
+
+       if (!strcmp(k, "commit.gpgsign")) {
+               opts->gpg_sign = git_config_bool(k, v) ? xstrdup("") : NULL;
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
+       if (status)
+               return status;
+
+       return git_diff_basic_config(k, v, NULL);
+}
+
+void sequencer_init_config(struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+       opts->default_msg_cleanup = COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_NONE;
+       git_config(git_sequencer_config, opts);
+}
+
 static inline int is_rebase_i(const struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
        return opts->action == REPLAY_INTERACTIVE_REBASE;
@@ -195,18 +254,34 @@ static const char *gpg_sign_opt_quoted(struct replay_opts *opts)
 
 int sequencer_remove_state(struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-       struct strbuf dir = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int i;
 
+       if (is_rebase_i(opts) &&
+           strbuf_read_file(&buf, rebase_path_refs_to_delete(), 0) > 0) {
+               char *p = buf.buf;
+               while (*p) {
+                       char *eol = strchr(p, '\n');
+                       if (eol)
+                               *eol = '\0';
+                       if (delete_ref("(rebase -i) cleanup", p, NULL, 0) < 0)
+                               warning(_("could not delete '%s'"), p);
+                       if (!eol)
+                               break;
+                       p = eol + 1;
+               }
+       }
+
        free(opts->gpg_sign);
        free(opts->strategy);
        for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
                free(opts->xopts[i]);
        free(opts->xopts);
 
-       strbuf_addstr(&dir, get_dir(opts));
-       remove_dir_recursively(&dir, 0);
-       strbuf_release(&dir);
+       strbuf_reset(&buf);
+       strbuf_addstr(&buf, get_dir(opts));
+       remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0);
+       strbuf_release(&buf);
 
        return 0;
 }
@@ -233,7 +308,7 @@ struct commit_message {
 
 static const char *short_commit_name(struct commit *commit)
 {
-       return find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+       return find_unique_abbrev(&commit->object.oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 }
 
 static int get_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *out)
@@ -290,23 +365,23 @@ static void print_advice(int show_hint, struct replay_opts *opts)
 static int write_message(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *filename,
                         int append_eol)
 {
-       static struct lock_file msg_file;
+       struct lock_file msg_file = LOCK_INIT;
 
        int msg_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&msg_file, filename, 0);
        if (msg_fd < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not lock '%s'"), filename);
        if (write_in_full(msg_fd, buf, len) < 0) {
+               error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), filename);
                rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
-               return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), filename);
+               return -1;
        }
        if (append_eol && write(msg_fd, "\n", 1) < 0) {
+               error_errno(_("could not write eol to '%s'"), filename);
                rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
-               return error_errno(_("could not write eol to '%s'"), filename);
-       }
-       if (commit_lock_file(&msg_file) < 0) {
-               rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
-               return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), filename);
+               return -1;
        }
+       if (commit_lock_file(&msg_file) < 0)
+               return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'"), filename);
 
        return 0;
 }
@@ -436,7 +511,7 @@ static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
        struct tree *result, *next_tree, *base_tree, *head_tree;
        int clean;
        char **xopt;
-       static struct lock_file index_lock;
+       struct lock_file index_lock = LOCK_INIT;
 
        if (hold_locked_index(&index_lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0)
                return -1;
@@ -465,21 +540,19 @@ static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
                fputs(o.obuf.buf, stdout);
        strbuf_release(&o.obuf);
        diff_warn_rename_limit("merge.renamelimit", o.needed_rename_limit, 0);
-       if (clean < 0)
+       if (clean < 0) {
+               rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
                return clean;
+       }
 
-       if (active_cache_changed &&
-           write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
+       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock,
+                              COMMIT_LOCK | SKIP_IF_UNCHANGED))
                /*
                 * TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert", "cherry-pick" or
                 * "rebase -i".
                 */
                return error(_("%s: Unable to write new index file"),
                        _(action_name(opts)));
-       rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
-
-       if (opts->signoff)
-               append_signoff(msgbuf, 0, 0);
 
        if (!clean)
                append_conflicts_hint(msgbuf);
@@ -596,6 +669,18 @@ static int read_env_script(struct argv_array *env)
        return 0;
 }
 
+static char *get_author(const char *message)
+{
+       size_t len;
+       const char *a;
+
+       a = find_commit_header(message, "author", &len);
+       if (a)
+               return xmemdupz(a, len);
+
+       return NULL;
+}
+
 static const char staged_changes_advice[] =
 N_("you have staged changes in your working tree\n"
 "If these changes are meant to be squashed into the previous commit, run:\n"
@@ -658,8 +743,6 @@ static int run_git_commit(const char *defmsg, struct replay_opts *opts,
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--amend");
        if (opts->gpg_sign)
                argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
-       if (opts->signoff)
-               argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-s");
        if (defmsg)
                argv_array_pushl(&cmd.args, "-F", defmsg, NULL);
        if ((flags & CLEANUP_MSG))
@@ -694,6 +777,461 @@ static int run_git_commit(const char *defmsg, struct replay_opts *opts,
        return run_command(&cmd);
 }
 
+static int rest_is_empty(const struct strbuf *sb, int start)
+{
+       int i, eol;
+       const char *nl;
+
+       /* Check if the rest is just whitespace and Signed-off-by's. */
+       for (i = start; i < sb->len; i++) {
+               nl = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
+               if (nl)
+                       eol = nl - sb->buf;
+               else
+                       eol = sb->len;
+
+               if (strlen(sign_off_header) <= eol - i &&
+                   starts_with(sb->buf + i, sign_off_header)) {
+                       i = eol;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               while (i < eol)
+                       if (!isspace(sb->buf[i++]))
+                               return 0;
+       }
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find out if the message in the strbuf contains only whitespace and
+ * Signed-off-by lines.
+ */
+int message_is_empty(const struct strbuf *sb,
+                    enum commit_msg_cleanup_mode cleanup_mode)
+{
+       if (cleanup_mode == COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
+               return 0;
+       return rest_is_empty(sb, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * See if the user edited the message in the editor or left what
+ * was in the template intact
+ */
+int template_untouched(const struct strbuf *sb, const char *template_file,
+                      enum commit_msg_cleanup_mode cleanup_mode)
+{
+       struct strbuf tmpl = STRBUF_INIT;
+       const char *start;
+
+       if (cleanup_mode == COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!template_file || strbuf_read_file(&tmpl, template_file, 0) <= 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       strbuf_stripspace(&tmpl, cleanup_mode == COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_ALL);
+       if (!skip_prefix(sb->buf, tmpl.buf, &start))
+               start = sb->buf;
+       strbuf_release(&tmpl);
+       return rest_is_empty(sb, start - sb->buf);
+}
+
+int update_head_with_reflog(const struct commit *old_head,
+                           const struct object_id *new_head,
+                           const char *action, const struct strbuf *msg,
+                           struct strbuf *err)
+{
+       struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+       const char *nl;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (action) {
+               strbuf_addstr(&sb, action);
+               strbuf_addstr(&sb, ": ");
+       }
+
+       nl = strchr(msg->buf, '\n');
+       if (nl) {
+               strbuf_add(&sb, msg->buf, nl + 1 - msg->buf);
+       } else {
+               strbuf_addbuf(&sb, msg);
+               strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
+       }
+
+       transaction = ref_transaction_begin(err);
+       if (!transaction ||
+           ref_transaction_update(transaction, "HEAD", new_head,
+                                  old_head ? &old_head->object.oid : &null_oid,
+                                  0, sb.buf, err) ||
+           ref_transaction_commit(transaction, err)) {
+               ret = -1;
+       }
+       ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+       strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int run_rewrite_hook(const struct object_id *oldoid,
+                           const struct object_id *newoid)
+{
+       struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+       const char *argv[3];
+       int code;
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+       argv[0] = find_hook("post-rewrite");
+       if (!argv[0])
+               return 0;
+
+       argv[1] = "amend";
+       argv[2] = NULL;
+
+       proc.argv = argv;
+       proc.in = -1;
+       proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+
+       code = start_command(&proc);
+       if (code)
+               return code;
+       strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s %s\n", oid_to_hex(oldoid), oid_to_hex(newoid));
+       sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+       write_in_full(proc.in, sb.buf, sb.len);
+       close(proc.in);
+       strbuf_release(&sb);
+       sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
+       return finish_command(&proc);
+}
+
+void commit_post_rewrite(const struct commit *old_head,
+                        const struct object_id *new_head)
+{
+       struct notes_rewrite_cfg *cfg;
+
+       cfg = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite("amend");
+       if (cfg) {
+               /* we are amending, so old_head is not NULL */
+               copy_note_for_rewrite(cfg, &old_head->object.oid, new_head);
+               finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg, "Notes added by 'git commit --amend'");
+       }
+       run_rewrite_hook(&old_head->object.oid, new_head);
+}
+
+static int run_prepare_commit_msg_hook(struct strbuf *msg, const char *commit)
+{
+       struct argv_array hook_env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+       int ret;
+       const char *name;
+
+       name = git_path_commit_editmsg();
+       if (write_message(msg->buf, msg->len, name, 0))
+               return -1;
+
+       argv_array_pushf(&hook_env, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", get_index_file());
+       argv_array_push(&hook_env, "GIT_EDITOR=:");
+       if (commit)
+               ret = run_hook_le(hook_env.argv, "prepare-commit-msg", name,
+                                 "commit", commit, NULL);
+       else
+               ret = run_hook_le(hook_env.argv, "prepare-commit-msg", name,
+                                 "message", NULL);
+       if (ret)
+               ret = error(_("'prepare-commit-msg' hook failed"));
+       argv_array_clear(&hook_env);
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static const char implicit_ident_advice_noconfig[] =
+N_("Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n");
+
+static const char implicit_ident_advice_config[] =
+N_("Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n");
+
+static const char *implicit_ident_advice(void)
+{
+       char *user_config = expand_user_path("~/.gitconfig", 0);
+       char *xdg_config = xdg_config_home("config");
+       int config_exists = file_exists(user_config) || file_exists(xdg_config);
+
+       free(user_config);
+       free(xdg_config);
+
+       if (config_exists)
+               return _(implicit_ident_advice_config);
+       else
+               return _(implicit_ident_advice_noconfig);
+
+}
+
+void print_commit_summary(const char *prefix, const struct object_id *oid,
+                         unsigned int flags)
+{
+       struct rev_info rev;
+       struct commit *commit;
+       struct strbuf format = STRBUF_INIT;
+       const char *head;
+       struct pretty_print_context pctx = {0};
+       struct strbuf author_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct strbuf committer_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+       commit = lookup_commit(oid);
+       if (!commit)
+               die(_("couldn't look up newly created commit"));
+       if (parse_commit(commit))
+               die(_("could not parse newly created commit"));
+
+       strbuf_addstr(&format, "format:%h] %s");
+
+       format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &author_ident, &pctx);
+       format_commit_message(commit, "%cn <%ce>", &committer_ident, &pctx);
+       if (strbuf_cmp(&author_ident, &committer_ident)) {
+               strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Author: ");
+               strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &author_ident);
+       }
+       if (flags & SUMMARY_SHOW_AUTHOR_DATE) {
+               struct strbuf date = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+               format_commit_message(commit, "%ad", &date, &pctx);
+               strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Date: ");
+               strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &date);
+               strbuf_release(&date);
+       }
+       if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
+               strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Committer: ");
+               strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &committer_ident);
+               if (advice_implicit_identity) {
+                       strbuf_addch(&format, '\n');
+                       strbuf_addstr(&format, implicit_ident_advice());
+               }
+       }
+       strbuf_release(&author_ident);
+       strbuf_release(&committer_ident);
+
+       init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+       setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
+
+       rev.diff = 1;
+       rev.diffopt.output_format =
+               DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
+
+       rev.verbose_header = 1;
+       rev.show_root_diff = 1;
+       get_commit_format(format.buf, &rev);
+       rev.always_show_header = 0;
+       rev.diffopt.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
+       rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
+       diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
+
+       head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, NULL, NULL);
+       if (!head)
+               die_errno(_("unable to resolve HEAD after creating commit"));
+       if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD"))
+               head = _("detached HEAD");
+       else
+               skip_prefix(head, "refs/heads/", &head);
+       printf("[%s%s ", head, (flags & SUMMARY_INITIAL_COMMIT) ?
+                                               _(" (root-commit)") : "");
+
+       if (!log_tree_commit(&rev, commit)) {
+               rev.always_show_header = 1;
+               rev.use_terminator = 1;
+               log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
+       }
+
+       strbuf_release(&format);
+}
+
+static int parse_head(struct commit **head)
+{
+       struct commit *current_head;
+       struct object_id oid;
+
+       if (get_oid("HEAD", &oid)) {
+               current_head = NULL;
+       } else {
+               current_head = lookup_commit_reference(&oid);
+               if (!current_head)
+                       return error(_("could not parse HEAD"));
+               if (oidcmp(&oid, &current_head->object.oid)) {
+                       warning(_("HEAD %s is not a commit!"),
+                               oid_to_hex(&oid));
+               }
+               if (parse_commit(current_head))
+                       return error(_("could not parse HEAD commit"));
+       }
+       *head = current_head;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to commit without forking 'git commit'. In some cases we need
+ * to run 'git commit' to display an error message
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ *  -1 - error unable to commit
+ *   0 - success
+ *   1 - run 'git commit'
+ */
+static int try_to_commit(struct strbuf *msg, const char *author,
+                        struct replay_opts *opts, unsigned int flags,
+                        struct object_id *oid)
+{
+       struct object_id tree;
+       struct commit *current_head;
+       struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
+       struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL;
+       struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct strbuf commit_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+       char *amend_author = NULL;
+       const char *hook_commit = NULL;
+       enum commit_msg_cleanup_mode cleanup;
+       int res = 0;
+
+       if (parse_head(&current_head))
+               return -1;
+
+       if (flags & AMEND_MSG) {
+               const char *exclude_gpgsig[] = { "gpgsig", NULL };
+               const char *out_enc = get_commit_output_encoding();
+               const char *message = logmsg_reencode(current_head, NULL,
+                                                     out_enc);
+
+               if (!msg) {
+                       const char *orig_message = NULL;
+
+                       find_commit_subject(message, &orig_message);
+                       msg = &commit_msg;
+                       strbuf_addstr(msg, orig_message);
+                       hook_commit = "HEAD";
+               }
+               author = amend_author = get_author(message);
+               unuse_commit_buffer(current_head, message);
+               if (!author) {
+                       res = error(_("unable to parse commit author"));
+                       goto out;
+               }
+               parents = copy_commit_list(current_head->parents);
+               extra = read_commit_extra_headers(current_head, exclude_gpgsig);
+       } else if (current_head) {
+               commit_list_insert(current_head, &parents);
+       }
+
+       if (write_cache_as_tree(&tree, 0, NULL)) {
+               res = error(_("git write-tree failed to write a tree"));
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (!(flags & ALLOW_EMPTY) && !oidcmp(current_head ?
+                                             &current_head->tree->object.oid :
+                                             &empty_tree_oid, &tree)) {
+               res = 1; /* run 'git commit' to display error message */
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (find_hook("prepare-commit-msg")) {
+               res = run_prepare_commit_msg_hook(msg, hook_commit);
+               if (res)
+                       goto out;
+               if (strbuf_read_file(&commit_msg, git_path_commit_editmsg(),
+                                    2048) < 0) {
+                       res = error_errno(_("unable to read commit message "
+                                             "from '%s'"),
+                                           git_path_commit_editmsg());
+                       goto out;
+               }
+               msg = &commit_msg;
+       }
+
+       cleanup = (flags & CLEANUP_MSG) ? COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_ALL :
+                                         opts->default_msg_cleanup;
+
+       if (cleanup != COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_NONE)
+               strbuf_stripspace(msg, cleanup == COMMIT_MSG_CLEANUP_ALL);
+       if (!opts->allow_empty_message && message_is_empty(msg, cleanup)) {
+               res = 1; /* run 'git commit' to display error message */
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (commit_tree_extended(msg->buf, msg->len, &tree, parents,
+                                oid, author, opts->gpg_sign, extra)) {
+               res = error(_("failed to write commit object"));
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (update_head_with_reflog(current_head, oid,
+                                   getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"), msg, &err)) {
+               res = error("%s", err.buf);
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (flags & AMEND_MSG)
+               commit_post_rewrite(current_head, oid);
+
+out:
+       free_commit_extra_headers(extra);
+       strbuf_release(&err);
+       strbuf_release(&commit_msg);
+       free(amend_author);
+
+       return res;
+}
+
+static int do_commit(const char *msg_file, const char *author,
+                    struct replay_opts *opts, unsigned int flags)
+{
+       int res = 1;
+
+       if (!(flags & EDIT_MSG) && !(flags & VERIFY_MSG)) {
+               struct object_id oid;
+               struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+               if (msg_file && strbuf_read_file(&sb, msg_file, 2048) < 0)
+                       return error_errno(_("unable to read commit message "
+                                            "from '%s'"),
+                                          msg_file);
+
+               res = try_to_commit(msg_file ? &sb : NULL, author, opts, flags,
+                                   &oid);
+               strbuf_release(&sb);
+               if (!res) {
+                       unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head());
+                       unlink(git_path_merge_msg());
+                       if (!is_rebase_i(opts))
+                               print_commit_summary(NULL, &oid,
+                                               SUMMARY_SHOW_AUTHOR_DATE);
+                       return res;
+               }
+       }
+       if (res == 1)
+               return run_git_commit(msg_file, opts, flags);
+
+       return res;
+}
+
 static int is_original_commit_empty(struct commit *commit)
 {
        const struct object_id *ptree_oid;
@@ -767,6 +1305,9 @@ enum todo_command {
        TODO_SQUASH,
        /* commands that do something else than handling a single commit */
        TODO_EXEC,
+       TODO_LABEL,
+       TODO_RESET,
+       TODO_MERGE,
        /* commands that do nothing but are counted for reporting progress */
        TODO_NOOP,
        TODO_DROP,
@@ -785,6 +1326,9 @@ static struct {
        { 'f', "fixup" },
        { 's', "squash" },
        { 'x', "exec" },
+       { 'l', "label" },
+       { 't', "reset" },
+       { 'm', "merge" },
        { 0,   "noop" },
        { 'd', "drop" },
        { 0,   NULL }
@@ -952,6 +1496,7 @@ static int do_pick_commit(enum todo_command command, struct commit *commit,
        struct object_id head;
        struct commit *base, *next, *parent;
        const char *base_label, *next_label;
+       char *author = NULL;
        struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
        struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int res, unborn = 0, allow;
@@ -963,7 +1508,7 @@ static int do_pick_commit(enum todo_command command, struct commit *commit,
                 * that represents the "current" state for merge-recursive
                 * to work on.
                 */
-               if (write_cache_as_tree(head.hash, 0, NULL))
+               if (write_cache_as_tree(&head, 0, NULL))
                        return error(_("your index file is unmerged."));
        } else {
                unborn = get_oid("HEAD", &head);
@@ -1066,6 +1611,8 @@ static int do_pick_commit(enum todo_command command, struct commit *commit,
                        strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
                        strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
                }
+               if (!is_fixup(command))
+                       author = get_author(msg.message);
        }
 
        if (command == TODO_REWORD)
@@ -1091,6 +1638,9 @@ static int do_pick_commit(enum todo_command command, struct commit *commit,
                }
        }
 
+       if (opts->signoff && !is_fixup(command))
+               append_signoff(&msgbuf, 0, 0);
+
        if (is_rebase_i(opts) && write_author_script(msg.message) < 0)
                res = -1;
        else if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "recursive") || command == TODO_REVERT) {
@@ -1148,9 +1698,13 @@ static int do_pick_commit(enum todo_command command, struct commit *commit,
                goto leave;
        } else if (allow)
                flags |= ALLOW_EMPTY;
-       if (!opts->no_commit)
+       if (!opts->no_commit) {
 fast_forward_edit:
-               res = run_git_commit(msg_file, opts, flags);
+               if (author || command == TODO_REVERT || (flags & AMEND_MSG))
+                       res = do_commit(msg_file, author, opts, flags);
+               else
+                       res = error(_("unable to parse commit author"));
+       }
 
        if (!res && final_fixup) {
                unlink(rebase_path_fixup_msg());
@@ -1159,6 +1713,7 @@ static int do_pick_commit(enum todo_command command, struct commit *commit,
 
 leave:
        free_message(commit, &msg);
+       free(author);
        update_abort_safety_file();
 
        return res;
@@ -1183,7 +1738,7 @@ static int prepare_revs(struct replay_opts *opts)
 
 static int read_and_refresh_cache(struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-       static struct lock_file index_lock;
+       struct lock_file index_lock = LOCK_INIT;
        int index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
        if (read_index_preload(&the_index, NULL) < 0) {
                rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
@@ -1191,19 +1746,24 @@ static int read_and_refresh_cache(struct replay_opts *opts)
                        _(action_name(opts)));
        }
        refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-       if (the_index.cache_changed && index_fd >= 0) {
-               if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK)) {
+       if (index_fd >= 0) {
+               if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock,
+                                      COMMIT_LOCK | SKIP_IF_UNCHANGED)) {
                        return error(_("git %s: failed to refresh the index"),
                                _(action_name(opts)));
                }
        }
-       rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
        return 0;
 }
 
+enum todo_item_flags {
+       TODO_EDIT_MERGE_MSG = 1
+};
+
 struct todo_item {
        enum todo_command command;
        struct commit *commit;
+       unsigned int flags;
        const char *arg;
        int arg_len;
        size_t offset_in_buf;
@@ -1238,6 +1798,8 @@ static int parse_insn_line(struct todo_item *item, const char *bol, char *eol)
        char *end_of_object_name;
        int i, saved, status, padding;
 
+       item->flags = 0;
+
        /* left-trim */
        bol += strspn(bol, " \t");
 
@@ -1279,13 +1841,29 @@ static int parse_insn_line(struct todo_item *item, const char *bol, char *eol)
                return error(_("missing arguments for %s"),
                             command_to_string(item->command));
 
-       if (item->command == TODO_EXEC) {
+       if (item->command == TODO_EXEC || item->command == TODO_LABEL ||
+           item->command == TODO_RESET) {
                item->commit = NULL;
                item->arg = bol;
                item->arg_len = (int)(eol - bol);
                return 0;
        }
 
+       if (item->command == TODO_MERGE) {
+               if (skip_prefix(bol, "-C", &bol))
+                       bol += strspn(bol, " \t");
+               else if (skip_prefix(bol, "-c", &bol)) {
+                       bol += strspn(bol, " \t");
+                       item->flags |= TODO_EDIT_MERGE_MSG;
+               } else {
+                       item->flags |= TODO_EDIT_MERGE_MSG;
+                       item->commit = NULL;
+                       item->arg = bol;
+                       item->arg_len = (int)(eol - bol);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       }
+
        end_of_object_name = (char *) bol + strcspn(bol, " \t\n");
        saved = *end_of_object_name;
        *end_of_object_name = '\0';
@@ -1347,22 +1925,48 @@ static int count_commands(struct todo_list *todo_list)
        return count;
 }
 
+static int get_item_line_offset(struct todo_list *todo_list, int index)
+{
+       return index < todo_list->nr ?
+               todo_list->items[index].offset_in_buf : todo_list->buf.len;
+}
+
+static const char *get_item_line(struct todo_list *todo_list, int index)
+{
+       return todo_list->buf.buf + get_item_line_offset(todo_list, index);
+}
+
+static int get_item_line_length(struct todo_list *todo_list, int index)
+{
+       return get_item_line_offset(todo_list, index + 1)
+               -  get_item_line_offset(todo_list, index);
+}
+
+static ssize_t strbuf_read_file_or_whine(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path)
+{
+       int fd;
+       ssize_t len;
+
+       fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+       if (fd < 0)
+               return error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), path);
+       len = strbuf_read(sb, fd, 0);
+       close(fd);
+       if (len < 0)
+               return error(_("could not read '%s'."), path);
+       return len;
+}
+
 static int read_populate_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list,
                        struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
        struct stat st;
        const char *todo_file = get_todo_path(opts);
-       int fd, res;
+       int res;
 
        strbuf_reset(&todo_list->buf);
-       fd = open(todo_file, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file);
-       if (strbuf_read(&todo_list->buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
-               close(fd);
-               return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);
-       }
-       close(fd);
+       if (strbuf_read_file_or_whine(&todo_list->buf, todo_file) < 0)
+               return -1;
 
        res = stat(todo_file, &st);
        if (res)
@@ -1513,6 +2117,11 @@ static int read_populate_opts(struct replay_opts *opts)
                if (file_exists(rebase_path_verbose()))
                        opts->verbose = 1;
 
+               if (file_exists(rebase_path_signoff())) {
+                       opts->allow_ff = 0;
+                       opts->signoff = 1;
+               }
+
                read_strategy_opts(opts, &buf);
                strbuf_release(&buf);
 
@@ -1577,28 +2186,24 @@ static int create_seq_dir(void)
 
 static int save_head(const char *head)
 {
-       static struct lock_file head_lock;
+       struct lock_file head_lock = LOCK_INIT;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int fd;
        ssize_t written;
 
        fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&head_lock, git_path_head_file(), 0);
-       if (fd < 0) {
-               rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
+       if (fd < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not lock HEAD"));
-       }
        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", head);
        written = write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        if (written < 0) {
+               error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), git_path_head_file());
                rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
-               return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"),
-                                  git_path_head_file());
-       }
-       if (commit_lock_file(&head_lock) < 0) {
-               rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
-               return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), git_path_head_file());
+               return -1;
        }
+       if (commit_lock_file(&head_lock) < 0)
+               return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'"), git_path_head_file());
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1702,7 +2307,7 @@ int sequencer_rollback(struct replay_opts *opts)
 
 static int save_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-       static struct lock_file todo_lock;
+       struct lock_file todo_lock = LOCK_INIT;
        const char *todo_path = get_todo_path(opts);
        int next = todo_list->current, offset, fd;
 
@@ -1716,29 +2321,27 @@ static int save_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
        fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&todo_lock, todo_path, 0);
        if (fd < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not lock '%s'"), todo_path);
-       offset = next < todo_list->nr ?
-               todo_list->items[next].offset_in_buf : todo_list->buf.len;
+       offset = get_item_line_offset(todo_list, next);
        if (write_in_full(fd, todo_list->buf.buf + offset,
                        todo_list->buf.len - offset) < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), todo_path);
        if (commit_lock_file(&todo_lock) < 0)
-               return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), todo_path);
+               return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'"), todo_path);
 
-       if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
-               const char *done_path = rebase_path_done();
-               int fd = open(done_path, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, 0666);
-               int prev_offset = !next ? 0 :
-                       todo_list->items[next - 1].offset_in_buf;
+       if (is_rebase_i(opts) && next > 0) {
+               const char *done = rebase_path_done();
+               int fd = open(done, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, 0666);
+               int ret = 0;
 
-               if (fd >= 0 && offset > prev_offset &&
-                   write_in_full(fd, todo_list->buf.buf + prev_offset,
-                                 offset - prev_offset) < 0) {
-                       close(fd);
-                       return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"),
-                                          done_path);
-               }
-               if (fd >= 0)
-                       close(fd);
+               if (fd < 0)
+                       return 0;
+               if (write_in_full(fd, get_item_line(todo_list, next - 1),
+                                 get_item_line_length(todo_list, next - 1))
+                   < 0)
+                       ret = error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), done);
+               if (close(fd) < 0)
+                       ret = error_errno(_("failed to finalize '%s'"), done);
+               return ret;
        }
        return 0;
 }
@@ -1792,6 +2395,9 @@ static int make_patch(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
        p = short_commit_name(commit);
        if (write_message(p, strlen(p), rebase_path_stopped_sha(), 1) < 0)
                return -1;
+       if (update_ref("rebase", "REBASE_HEAD", &commit->object.oid,
+                      NULL, REF_NO_DEREF, UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR))
+               res |= error(_("could not update %s"), "REBASE_HEAD");
 
        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/patch", get_dir(opts));
        memset(&log_tree_opt, 0, sizeof(log_tree_opt));
@@ -1919,6 +2525,311 @@ static int do_exec(const char *command_line)
        return status;
 }
 
+static int safe_append(const char *filename, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list ap;
+       struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
+       int fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, filename,
+                                          LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR);
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+       if (fd < 0)
+               return -1;
+
+       if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, filename, 0) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
+               error_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), filename);
+               rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       strbuf_complete(&buf, '\n');
+       va_start(ap, fmt);
+       strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
+       va_end(ap);
+
+       if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0) {
+               error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), filename);
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
+               rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       if (commit_lock_file(&lock) < 0) {
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
+               rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+               return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'"), filename);
+       }
+
+       strbuf_release(&buf);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_label(const char *name, int len)
+{
+       struct ref_store *refs = get_main_ref_store();
+       struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+       struct strbuf ref_name = STRBUF_INIT, err = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+       int ret = 0;
+       struct object_id head_oid;
+
+       if (len == 1 && *name == '#')
+               return error("Illegal label name: '%.*s'", len, name);
+
+       strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/rewritten/%.*s", len, name);
+       strbuf_addf(&msg, "rebase -i (label) '%.*s'", len, name);
+
+       transaction = ref_store_transaction_begin(refs, &err);
+       if (!transaction) {
+               error("%s", err.buf);
+               ret = -1;
+       } else if (get_oid("HEAD", &head_oid)) {
+               error(_("could not read HEAD"));
+               ret = -1;
+       } else if (ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref_name.buf, &head_oid,
+                                         NULL, 0, msg.buf, &err) < 0 ||
+                  ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+               error("%s", err.buf);
+               ret = -1;
+       }
+       ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+       strbuf_release(&err);
+       strbuf_release(&msg);
+
+       if (!ret)
+               ret = safe_append(rebase_path_refs_to_delete(),
+                                 "%s\n", ref_name.buf);
+       strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static const char *reflog_message(struct replay_opts *opts,
+       const char *sub_action, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+static int do_reset(const char *name, int len, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+       struct strbuf ref_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct object_id oid;
+       struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
+       struct tree_desc desc;
+       struct tree *tree;
+       struct unpack_trees_options unpack_tree_opts;
+       int ret = 0, i;
+
+       if (hold_locked_index(&lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0)
+               return -1;
+
+       /* Determine the length of the label */
+       for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+               if (isspace(name[i]))
+                       len = i;
+
+       strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/rewritten/%.*s", len, name);
+       if (get_oid(ref_name.buf, &oid) &&
+           get_oid(ref_name.buf + strlen("refs/rewritten/"), &oid)) {
+               error(_("could not read '%s'"), ref_name.buf);
+               rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+               strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       memset(&unpack_tree_opts, 0, sizeof(unpack_tree_opts));
+       setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&unpack_tree_opts, "reset");
+       unpack_tree_opts.head_idx = 1;
+       unpack_tree_opts.src_index = &the_index;
+       unpack_tree_opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+       unpack_tree_opts.fn = oneway_merge;
+       unpack_tree_opts.merge = 1;
+       unpack_tree_opts.update = 1;
+
+       if (read_cache_unmerged()) {
+               rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+               strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+               return error_resolve_conflict(_(action_name(opts)));
+       }
+
+       if (!fill_tree_descriptor(&desc, &oid)) {
+               error(_("failed to find tree of %s"), oid_to_hex(&oid));
+               rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+               free((void *)desc.buffer);
+               strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       if (unpack_trees(1, &desc, &unpack_tree_opts)) {
+               rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+               free((void *)desc.buffer);
+               strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       tree = parse_tree_indirect(&oid);
+       prime_cache_tree(&the_index, tree);
+
+       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK) < 0)
+               ret = error(_("could not write index"));
+       free((void *)desc.buffer);
+
+       if (!ret)
+               ret = update_ref(reflog_message(opts, "reset", "'%.*s'",
+                                               len, name), "HEAD", &oid,
+                                NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR);
+
+       strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int do_merge(struct commit *commit, const char *arg, int arg_len,
+                   int flags, struct replay_opts *opts)
+{
+       int run_commit_flags = (flags & TODO_EDIT_MERGE_MSG) ?
+               EDIT_MSG | VERIFY_MSG : 0;
+       struct strbuf ref_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct commit *head_commit, *merge_commit, *i;
+       struct commit_list *bases, *j, *reversed = NULL;
+       struct merge_options o;
+       int merge_arg_len, oneline_offset, ret;
+       static struct lock_file lock;
+       const char *p;
+
+       if (hold_locked_index(&lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0) {
+               ret = -1;
+               goto leave_merge;
+       }
+
+       head_commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name("HEAD");
+       if (!head_commit) {
+               ret = error(_("cannot merge without a current revision"));
+               goto leave_merge;
+       }
+
+       oneline_offset = arg_len;
+       merge_arg_len = strcspn(arg, " \t\n");
+       p = arg + merge_arg_len;
+       p += strspn(p, " \t\n");
+       if (*p == '#' && (!p[1] || isspace(p[1]))) {
+               p += 1 + strspn(p + 1, " \t\n");
+               oneline_offset = p - arg;
+       } else if (p - arg < arg_len)
+               BUG("octopus merges are not supported yet: '%s'", p);
+
+       strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/rewritten/%.*s", merge_arg_len, arg);
+       merge_commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(ref_name.buf);
+       if (!merge_commit) {
+               /* fall back to non-rewritten ref or commit */
+               strbuf_splice(&ref_name, 0, strlen("refs/rewritten/"), "", 0);
+               merge_commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(ref_name.buf);
+       }
+
+       if (!merge_commit) {
+               ret = error(_("could not resolve '%s'"), ref_name.buf);
+               goto leave_merge;
+       }
+
+       if (commit) {
+               const char *message = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+               const char *body;
+               int len;
+
+               if (!message) {
+                       ret = error(_("could not get commit message of '%s'"),
+                                   oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
+                       goto leave_merge;
+               }
+               write_author_script(message);
+               find_commit_subject(message, &body);
+               len = strlen(body);
+               ret = write_message(body, len, git_path_merge_msg(), 0);
+               unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
+               if (ret) {
+                       error_errno(_("could not write '%s'"),
+                                   git_path_merge_msg());
+                       goto leave_merge;
+               }
+       } else {
+               struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+               int len;
+
+               strbuf_addf(&buf, "author %s", git_author_info(0));
+               write_author_script(buf.buf);
+               strbuf_reset(&buf);
+
+               if (oneline_offset < arg_len) {
+                       p = arg + oneline_offset;
+                       len = arg_len - oneline_offset;
+               } else {
+                       strbuf_addf(&buf, "Merge branch '%.*s'",
+                                   merge_arg_len, arg);
+                       p = buf.buf;
+                       len = buf.len;
+               }
+
+               ret = write_message(p, len, git_path_merge_msg(), 0);
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
+               if (ret) {
+                       error_errno(_("could not write '%s'"),
+                                   git_path_merge_msg());
+                       goto leave_merge;
+               }
+       }
+
+       write_message(oid_to_hex(&merge_commit->object.oid), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ,
+                     git_path_merge_head(), 0);
+       write_message("no-ff", 5, git_path_merge_mode(), 0);
+
+       bases = get_merge_bases(head_commit, merge_commit);
+       for (j = bases; j; j = j->next)
+               commit_list_insert(j->item, &reversed);
+       free_commit_list(bases);
+
+       read_cache();
+       init_merge_options(&o);
+       o.branch1 = "HEAD";
+       o.branch2 = ref_name.buf;
+       o.buffer_output = 2;
+
+       ret = merge_recursive(&o, head_commit, merge_commit, reversed, &i);
+       if (ret <= 0)
+               fputs(o.obuf.buf, stdout);
+       strbuf_release(&o.obuf);
+       if (ret < 0) {
+               error(_("could not even attempt to merge '%.*s'"),
+                     merge_arg_len, arg);
+               goto leave_merge;
+       }
+       /*
+        * The return value of merge_recursive() is 1 on clean, and 0 on
+        * unclean merge.
+        *
+        * Let's reverse that, so that do_merge() returns 0 upon success and
+        * 1 upon failed merge (keeping the return value -1 for the cases where
+        * we will want to reschedule the `merge` command).
+        */
+       ret = !ret;
+
+       if (active_cache_changed &&
+           write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK)) {
+               ret = error(_("merge: Unable to write new index file"));
+               goto leave_merge;
+       }
+
+       rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+       if (ret)
+               rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
+       else
+               /*
+                * In case of problems, we now want to return a positive
+                * value (a negative one would indicate that the `merge`
+                * command needs to be rescheduled).
+                */
+               ret = !!run_git_commit(git_path_merge_msg(), opts,
+                                    run_commit_flags);
+
+leave_merge:
+       strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+       rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+       return ret;
+}
+
 static int is_final_fixup(struct todo_list *todo_list)
 {
        int i = todo_list->current;
@@ -2009,9 +2920,20 @@ static const char *reflog_message(struct replay_opts *opts,
        return buf.buf;
 }
 
+static const char rescheduled_advice[] =
+N_("Could not execute the todo command\n"
+"\n"
+"    %.*s"
+"\n"
+"It has been rescheduled; To edit the command before continuing, please\n"
+"edit the todo list first:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git rebase --edit-todo\n"
+"    git rebase --continue\n");
+
 static int pick_commits(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-       int res = 0;
+       int res = 0, reschedule = 0;
 
        setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
        if (opts->allow_ff)
@@ -2043,6 +2965,7 @@ static int pick_commits(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
                        unlink(rebase_path_author_script());
                        unlink(rebase_path_stopped_sha());
                        unlink(rebase_path_amend());
+                       delete_ref(NULL, "REBASE_HEAD", NULL, REF_NO_DEREF);
                }
                if (item->command <= TODO_SQUASH) {
                        if (is_rebase_i(opts))
@@ -2053,6 +2976,11 @@ static int pick_commits(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
                                        opts, is_final_fixup(todo_list));
                        if (is_rebase_i(opts) && res < 0) {
                                /* Reschedule */
+                               advise(_(rescheduled_advice),
+                                      get_item_line_length(todo_list,
+                                                           todo_list->current),
+                                      get_item_line(todo_list,
+                                                    todo_list->current));
                                todo_list->current--;
                                if (save_todo(todo_list, opts))
                                        return -1;
@@ -2076,7 +3004,7 @@ static int pick_commits(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
                                        intend_to_amend();
                                return error_failed_squash(item->commit, opts,
                                        item->arg_len, item->arg);
-                       } else if (res && is_rebase_i(opts))
+                       } else if (res && is_rebase_i(opts) && item->commit)
                                return res | error_with_patch(item->commit,
                                        item->arg, item->arg_len, opts, res,
                                        item->command == TODO_REWORD);
@@ -2102,9 +3030,41 @@ static int pick_commits(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
                                /* `current` will be incremented below */
                                todo_list->current = -1;
                        }
+               } else if (item->command == TODO_LABEL) {
+                       if ((res = do_label(item->arg, item->arg_len)))
+                               reschedule = 1;
+               } else if (item->command == TODO_RESET) {
+                       if ((res = do_reset(item->arg, item->arg_len, opts)))
+                               reschedule = 1;
+               } else if (item->command == TODO_MERGE) {
+                       if ((res = do_merge(item->commit,
+                                           item->arg, item->arg_len,
+                                           item->flags, opts)) < 0)
+                               reschedule = 1;
+                       else if (res > 0)
+                               /* failed with merge conflicts */
+                               return error_with_patch(item->commit,
+                                                       item->arg,
+                                                       item->arg_len, opts,
+                                                       res, 0);
                } else if (!is_noop(item->command))
                        return error(_("unknown command %d"), item->command);
 
+               if (reschedule) {
+                       advise(_(rescheduled_advice),
+                              get_item_line_length(todo_list,
+                                                   todo_list->current),
+                              get_item_line(todo_list, todo_list->current));
+                       todo_list->current--;
+                       if (save_todo(todo_list, opts))
+                               return -1;
+                       if (item->commit)
+                               return error_with_patch(item->commit,
+                                                       item->arg,
+                                                       item->arg_len, opts,
+                                                       res, 0);
+               }
+
                todo_list->current++;
                if (res)
                        return res;
@@ -2346,9 +3306,10 @@ int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
 
                if (!get_oid(name, &oid)) {
                        if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(&oid, 1)) {
-                               enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(oid.hash, NULL);
+                               enum object_type type = oid_object_info(&oid,
+                                                                       NULL);
                                return error(_("%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"),
-                                       name, typename(type));
+                                       name, type_name(type));
                        }
                } else
                        return error(_("%s: bad revision"), name);
@@ -2470,7 +3431,7 @@ int sequencer_make_script(FILE *out, int argc, const char **argv,
        init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
        revs.verbose_header = 1;
        revs.max_parents = 1;
-       revs.cherry_pick = 1;
+       revs.cherry_mark = 1;
        revs.limited = 1;
        revs.reverse = 1;
        revs.right_only = 1;
@@ -2495,8 +3456,12 @@ int sequencer_make_script(FILE *out, int argc, const char **argv,
                return error(_("make_script: error preparing revisions"));
 
        while ((commit = get_revision(&revs))) {
+               int is_empty  = is_original_commit_empty(commit);
+
+               if (!is_empty && (commit->object.flags & PATCHSAME))
+                       continue;
                strbuf_reset(&buf);
-               if (!keep_empty && is_original_commit_empty(commit))
+               if (!keep_empty && is_empty)
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%c ", comment_line_char);
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s %s ", insn,
                            oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
@@ -2583,8 +3548,16 @@ int transform_todos(unsigned flags)
                                          short_commit_name(item->commit) :
                                          oid_to_hex(&item->commit->object.oid);
 
+                       if (item->command == TODO_MERGE) {
+                               if (item->flags & TODO_EDIT_MERGE_MSG)
+                                       strbuf_addstr(&buf, " -c");
+                               else
+                                       strbuf_addstr(&buf, " -C");
+                       }
+
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", oid);
                }
+
                /* add all the rest */
                if (!item->arg_len)
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
@@ -2629,20 +3602,13 @@ int check_todo_list(void)
        struct strbuf todo_file = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        struct strbuf missing = STRBUF_INIT;
-       int advise_to_edit_todo = 0, res = 0, fd, i;
+       int advise_to_edit_todo = 0, res = 0, i;
 
        strbuf_addstr(&todo_file, rebase_path_todo());
-       fd = open(todo_file.buf, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0) {
-               res = error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file.buf);
-               goto leave_check;
-       }
-       if (strbuf_read(&todo_list.buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
-               close(fd);
-               res = error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file.buf);
+       if (strbuf_read_file_or_whine(&todo_list.buf, todo_file.buf) < 0) {
+               res = -1;
                goto leave_check;
        }
-       close(fd);
        advise_to_edit_todo = res =
                parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list);
 
@@ -2658,17 +3624,10 @@ int check_todo_list(void)
 
        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
        strbuf_addstr(&todo_file, ".backup");
-       fd = open(todo_file.buf, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0) {
-               res = error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file.buf);
-               goto leave_check;
-       }
-       if (strbuf_read(&todo_list.buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
-               close(fd);
-               res = error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file.buf);
+       if (strbuf_read_file_or_whine(&todo_list.buf, todo_file.buf) < 0) {
+               res = -1;
                goto leave_check;
        }
-       close(fd);
        strbuf_release(&todo_file);
        res = !!parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list);
 
@@ -2749,15 +3708,8 @@ int skip_unnecessary_picks(void)
        }
        strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-       fd = open(todo_file, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0) {
-               return error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file);
-       }
-       if (strbuf_read(&todo_list.buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
-               close(fd);
-               return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);
-       }
-       close(fd);
+       if (strbuf_read_file_or_whine(&todo_list.buf, todo_file) < 0)
+               return -1;
        if (parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list) < 0) {
                todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                return -1;
@@ -2785,8 +3737,7 @@ int skip_unnecessary_picks(void)
                oid = &item->commit->object.oid;
        }
        if (i > 0) {
-               int offset = i < todo_list.nr ?
-                       todo_list.items[i].offset_in_buf : todo_list.buf.len;
+               int offset = get_item_line_offset(&todo_list, i);
                const char *done_path = rebase_path_done();
 
                fd = open(done_path, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, 0666);
@@ -2848,17 +3799,11 @@ int rearrange_squash(void)
        const char *todo_file = rebase_path_todo();
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        struct hashmap subject2item;
-       int res = 0, rearranged = 0, *next, *tail, fd, i;
+       int res = 0, rearranged = 0, *next, *tail, i;
        char **subjects;
 
-       fd = open(todo_file, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               return error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file);
-       if (strbuf_read(&todo_list.buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
-               close(fd);
-               return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);
-       }
-       close(fd);
+       if (strbuf_read_file_or_whine(&todo_list.buf, todo_file) < 0)
+               return -1;
        if (parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list) < 0) {
                todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                return -1;
@@ -2887,7 +3832,7 @@ int rearrange_squash(void)
                struct subject2item_entry *entry;
 
                next[i] = tail[i] = -1;
-               if (item->command >= TODO_EXEC) {
+               if (!item->commit || item->command == TODO_DROP) {
                        subjects[i] = NULL;
                        continue;
                }
@@ -2972,12 +3917,10 @@ int rearrange_squash(void)
                                continue;
 
                        while (cur >= 0) {
-                               int offset = todo_list.items[cur].offset_in_buf;
-                               int end_offset = cur + 1 < todo_list.nr ?
-                                       todo_list.items[cur + 1].offset_in_buf :
-                                       todo_list.buf.len;
-                               char *bol = todo_list.buf.buf + offset;
-                               char *eol = todo_list.buf.buf + end_offset;
+                               const char *bol =
+                                       get_item_line(&todo_list, cur);
+                               const char *eol =
+                                       get_item_line(&todo_list, cur + 1);
 
                                /* replace 'pick', by 'fixup' or 'squash' */
                                command = todo_list.items[cur].command;