* gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1] to validate the repository.
- * gitlink:git-prune[1] to garbage collect crufts in the
+ * gitlink:git-prune[1] to garbage collect cruft in the
repository.
* gitlink:git-repack[1] to pack loose objects for efficiency.
$ git count-objects <2>
$ git repack <3>
$ git prune <4>
-
+------------
++
<1> running without "--full" is usually cheap and assures the
repository health reasonably well.
<2> check how many loose objects there are and how much
-diskspace is wasted by not repacking.
+disk space is wasted by not repacking.
<3> without "-a" repacks incrementally. repacking every 4-5MB
of loose objects accumulation may be a good rule of thumb.
<4> after repack, prune removes the duplicate loose objects.
-------------
Repack a small project into single pack.::
+
------------
$ git repack -a -d <1>
$ git prune
-
+------------
++
<1> pack all the objects reachable from the refs into one pack
and remove unneeded other packs
-------------
Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
-other poeple, and works alone in a single repository, using the
+other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the
following commands.
* gitlink:git-show-branch[1] to see where you are.
$ git add . <1>
$ git commit -m 'import of frotz source tree.'
$ git tag v2.43 <2>
-
+------------
++
<1> add everything under the current directory.
<2> make a lightweight, unannotated tag.
-------------
Create a topic branch and develop.::
+
$ git pull . alsa-audio <10>
$ git log --since='3 days ago' <11>
$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <12>
-
+------------
++
<1> create a new topic branch.
<2> revert your botched changes in "curses/ux_audio_oss.c".
<3> you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and
combined and include --max-count=10 (show 10 commits), --until='2005-12-10'.
<12> view only the changes that touch what's in curses/
directory, since v2.43 tag.
-------------
Individual Developer (Participant)[[Individual Developer (Participant)]]
$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <6>
$ git prune <7>
$ git fetch --tags <8>
-
+------------
++
<1> repeat as needed.
<2> extract patches from your branch for e-mail submission.
<3> "pull" fetches from "origin" by default and merges into the
<7> garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.
<8> from time to time, obtain official tags from the "origin"
and store them under .git/refs/tags/.
-------------
Push into another repository.::
mothership$ cd frotz
mothership$ git checkout master
mothership$ git pull . satellite <5>
-
+------------
++
<1> mothership machine has a frotz repository under your home
directory; clone from it to start a repository on the satellite
machine.
mothership machine. You could use this as a back-up method.
<5> on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite
machine into the master branch.
-------------
Branch off of a specific tag.::
+
$ git checkout master
$ git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 |
git am -3 -k <2>
-
+------------
++
<1> create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind)
tag.
<2> forward port all changes in private2.6.14 branch to master branch
without a formal "merging".
-------------
Integrator[[Integrator]]
$ git fetch ko && git show-branch master maint 'tags/ko-*' <11>
$ git push ko <12>
$ git push ko v0.99.9x <13>
-
+------------
++
<1> see what I was in the middle of doing, if any.
<2> see what topic branches I have and think about how ready
they are.
<11> make sure I did not accidentally rewind master beyond what I
already pushed out. "ko" shorthand points at the repository I have
at kernel.org, and looks like this:
- $ cat .git/remotes/ko
- URL: kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
- Pull: master:refs/tags/ko-master
- Pull: maint:refs/tags/ko-maint
- Push: master
- Push: +pu
- Push: maint
++
+------------
+$ cat .git/remotes/ko
+URL: kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
+Pull: master:refs/tags/ko-master
+Pull: maint:refs/tags/ko-maint
+Push: master
+Push: +pu
+Push: maint
+------------
++
In the output from "git show-branch", "master" should have
everything "ko-master" has.
+
<12> push out the bleeding edge.
<13> push the tag out, too.
-------------
Repository Administration[[Repository Administration]]
Examples
~~~~~~~~
-
Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from inetd.::
+
------------
-$ grep git /etc/inet.conf
+$ grep git /etc/inetd.conf
git stream tcp nowait nobody \
/usr/bin/git-daemon git-daemon --inetd --syslog --export-all /pub/scm
------------
+
The actual configuration line should be on one line.
+Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.::
++
+------------
+$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
+# default: off
+# description: The git server offers access to git repositories
+service git
+{
+ disable = no
+ type = UNLISTED
+ port = 9418
+ socket_type = stream
+ wait = no
+ user = nobody
+ server = /usr/bin/git-daemon
+ server_args = --inetd --syslog --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
+ log_on_failure += USERID
+}
+------------
++
+Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system.
+Others might be different.
+
Give push/pull only access to developers.::
+
------------
david:x:1003:1003::/home/david:/usr/bin/git-shell
$ grep git /etc/shells <2>
/usr/bin/git-shell
-
+------------
++
<1> log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not
allow anything but "git push" and "git pull". The users should
get an ssh access to the machine.
<2> in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used
as the login shell.
-------------
CVS-style shared repository.::
+
refs/heads/master alice\|cindy
refs/heads/doc-update bob
refs/tags/v[0-9]* david
-
+------------
++
<1> place the developers into the same git group.
<2> and make the shared repository writable by the group.
<3> use update-hook example by Carl from Documentation/howto/
<4> alice and cindy can push into master, only bob can push into doc-update.
david is the release manager and is the only person who can
create and push version tags.
-------------
HTTP server to support dumb protocol transfer.::
+
dev$ git update-server-info <1>
dev$ ftp user@isp.example.com <2>
ftp> cp -r .git /home/user/myproject.git
-
+------------
++
<1> make sure your info/refs and objects/info/packs are up-to-date
<2> upload to public HTTP server hosted by your ISP.
-------------