A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
-syntax.
+syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
+ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
+blobs contained in a commit.
* The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
name the same commit object if there are no other object in
your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
+* An output from `git-describe`; i.e. a closest tag, followed by a
+ dash, a `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
+
* A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
+ When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
+ first match in the following rules:
+
+ . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
+ useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
+
+ . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
+
+ . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
+
+ . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
+
+ . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
-* A suffix '@' followed by a date specification enclosed in a brace
+ . otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
+
+* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
+ enclosed in a brace
pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
+* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
+ enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
+ the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
+ is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
+ is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
+ immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
+ log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
+
+* You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
+ reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
+ branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
+
* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
'rev{caret}'
* A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
- equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to\
- rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1.
+ equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
+ rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
+ the usage of this form.
* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
found.
+* A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
+ at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
+ before the colon.
+
+* A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
+ colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
+ index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
+ that follows it) names an stage 0 entry.
+
Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both node B and C are
a commit parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
left-to-right.
It it the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
`r1` or `r2` but not from both.
-Here are a few examples:
+Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
+and its parent commits exists. `r1{caret}@` notation means all
+parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
+its all parents.
+
+Here are a handful examples:
D A B D
D F A B C D F
- ^A G B D
+ ^A G B D
^A F B C F
G...I C D F G I
- ^B G I C D F G I
+ ^B G I C D F G I
+ F^@ A B C
+ F^! H D F H
Author
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