git(7)
======
-v0.99.4, Aug 2005
NAME
----
This is reference information for the core git commands.
-The Discussion section below contains much useful definition and
+Before reading this cover to cover, you may want to take a look
+at the link:tutorial.html[tutorial] document.
+
+The <<Discussion>> section below contains much useful definition and
clarification info - read that first. And of the commands, I suggest
-reading link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache] and
-link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree] first - I wish I had!
+reading gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
+gitlink:git-read-tree[1] first - I wish I had!
+
+If you are migrating from CVS, link:cvs-migration.html[cvs migration]
+document may be helpful after you finish the tutorial.
+
+After you get the general feel from the tutorial and this
+overview page, you may want to take a look at the
+link:howto-index.html[howto] documents.
+
David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com>
08/05/05
Manipulation commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-link:git-checkout-cache.html[git-checkout-cache]::
+gitlink:git-apply[1]::
+ Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and
+ applies it to the working tree.
+
+gitlink:git-checkout-index[1]::
Copy files from the cache to the working directory
-link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]::
+gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]::
Creates a new commit object
-link:git-init-db.html[git-init-db]::
- Creates an empty git object database
+gitlink:git-hash-object[1]::
+ Computes the object ID from a file.
-link:git-merge-base.html[git-merge-base]::
- Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
+gitlink:git-index-pack.html[1]::
+ Build pack index file for an existing packed archive.
-link:git-mktag.html[git-mktag]::
- Creates a tag object
+gitlink:git-init-db[1]::
+ Creates an empty git object database
-link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree]::
- Reads tree information into the directory cache
+gitlink:git-merge-index[1]::
+ Runs a merge for files needing merging
-link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache]::
- Modifies the index or directory cache
+gitlink:git-mktag[1]::
+ Creates a tag object
-link:git-hash-object.html[git-hash-object]::
- Computes the object ID from a file.
+gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]::
+ Creates a packed archive of objects.
-link:git-write-tree.html[git-write-tree]::
- Creates a tree from the current cache
+gitlink:git-prune-packed[1]::
+ Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
-link:git-pack-objects.html[git-pack-objects]::
- Creates a packed archive of objects.
+gitlink:git-read-tree[1]::
+ Reads tree information into the directory cache
-link:git-unpack-objects.html[git-unpack-objects]::
+gitlink:git-unpack-objects[1]::
Unpacks objects out of a packed archive.
-link:git-prune-packed.html[git-prune-packed]::
- Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
+gitlink:git-update-index[1]::
+ Modifies the index or directory cache
-link:git-apply.html[git-apply]::
- Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and
- applies it to the working tree.
+gitlink:git-write-tree[1]::
+ Creates a tree from the current cache
Interrogation commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-link:git-cat-file.html[git-cat-file]::
+
+gitlink:git-cat-file[1]::
Provide content or type information for repository objects
-link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]::
+gitlink:git-diff-index[1]::
Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
-link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]::
+gitlink:git-diff-files[1]::
Compares files in the working tree and the cache
-link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]::
- Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
-
-link:git-diff-stages.html[git-diff-stages]::
+gitlink:git-diff-stages[1]::
Compares two "merge stages" in the index file.
-link:git-export.html[git-export]::
- Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents
+gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]::
+ Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
-link:git-fsck-cache.html[git-fsck-cache]::
+gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1]::
Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
-link:git-ls-files.html[git-ls-files]::
+gitlink:git-ls-files[1]::
Information about files in the cache/working directory
-link:git-ls-tree.html[git-ls-tree]::
+gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]::
Displays a tree object in human readable form
-link:git-merge-cache.html[git-merge-cache]::
- Runs a merge for files needing merging
+gitlink:git-merge-base[1]::
+ Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
+
+gitlink:git-name-rev[1]::
+ Find symbolic names for given revs
-link:git-rev-list.html[git-rev-list]::
+gitlink:git-rev-list[1]::
Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
-link:git-rev-tree.html[git-rev-tree]::
- Provides the revision tree for one or more commits
+gitlink:git-show-index[1]::
+ Displays contents of a pack idx file.
-link:git-tar-tree.html[git-tar-tree]::
+gitlink:git-tar-tree[1]::
Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree
-link:git-unpack-file.html[git-unpack-file]::
+gitlink:git-unpack-file[1]::
Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
-link:git-var.html[git-var]::
+gitlink:git-var[1]::
Displays a git logical variable
-link:git-show-index.html[git-show-index]::
- Displays contents of a pack idx file.
-
-link:git-verify-pack.html[git-verify-pack]::
- Validates packed GIT archive files
+gitlink:git-verify-pack[1]::
+ Validates packed git archive files
The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to
touch the working file set - but in general they don't
Synching repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-link:git-clone-script.html[git-clone-script]::
- Clones a repository into the current repository (user interface)
-
-link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]::
+gitlink:git-clone-pack[1]::
Clones a repository into the current repository (engine
for ssh and local transport)
-link:git-http-pull.html[git-http-pull]::
- Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP
+gitlink:git-fetch-pack[1]::
+ Updates from a remote repository.
-link:git-local-pull.html[git-local-pull]::
- Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system
+gitlink:git-http-fetch[1]::
+ Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP
-link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]::
- Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
+gitlink:git-local-fetch[1]::
+ Duplicates another git repository on a local system
-link:git-send-pack.html[git-send-pack]::
- Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
+gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]::
+ Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol.
-link:git-receive-pack.html[git-receive-pack]::
+gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]::
Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
-link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]::
- Clones from a remote repository.
+gitlink:git-send-pack[1]::
+ Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
-link:git-fetch-pack.html[git-fetch-pack]::
- Updates from a remote repository.
+gitlink:git-shell[1]::
+ Restricted shell for GIT-only SSH access.
-link:git-peek-remote.html[git-peek-remote]::
- Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol.
+gitlink:git-ssh-fetch[1]::
+ Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
-link:git-upload-pack.html[git-upload-pack]::
- Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
- what are asked for.
+gitlink:git-ssh-upload[1]::
+ Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch
-link:git-update-server-info.html[git-update-server-info]::
+gitlink:git-update-server-info[1]::
Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help
clients discover references and packs on it.
+gitlink:git-upload-pack[1]::
+ Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
+ what are asked for.
+
Porcelain-ish Commands
----------------------
-link:git-whatchanged.html[git-whatchanged]::
- Shows commit logs and differences they introduce.
-link:git-log-script.html[git-log-script]::
- Shows commit logs.
+gitlink:git-add[1]::
+ Add paths to the index file.
-link:git-shortlog.html[git-shortlog]::
- Summarizes 'git log' output.
+gitlink:git-am[1]::
+ Apply patches from a mailbox, but cooler.
-link:git-status-script.html[git-status-script]::
- Shows the working tree status.
+gitlink:git-applymbox[1]::
+ Apply patches from a mailbox.
-link:git-fetch-script.html[git-fetch-script]::
- Download from a remote repository via various protocols.
+gitlink:git-bisect[1]::
+ Find the change that introduced a bug.
-link:git-pull-script.html[git-pull-script]::
- Fetch from and merge with a remote repository.
+gitlink:git-branch[1]::
+ Create and Show branches.
+
+gitlink:git-checkout[1]::
+ Checkout and switch to a branch.
+
+gitlink:git-cherry-pick[1]::
+ Cherry-pick the effect of an existing commit.
+
+gitlink:git-clone[1]::
+ Clones a repository into a new directory.
-ulink:git-commit-script.html[git-commit-script]::
+gitlink:git-commit[1]::
Record changes to the repository.
-link:git-show-branch.html[git-show-branch]::
- Show branches and their commits.
+gitlink:git-diff[1]::
+ Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
-link:git-repack-script.html[git-repack-script]::
- Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
+gitlink:git-fetch[1]::
+ Download from a remote repository via various protocols.
-link:git-rename-script.html[git-rename]::
- Rename files and directories.
+gitlink:git-format-patch[1]::
+ Prepare patches for e-mail submission.
+
+gitlink:git-grep[1]::
+ Print lines matching a pattern
+
+gitlink:git-log[1]::
+ Shows commit logs.
-link:git-ls-remote-script.html[git-ls-remote-script]::
+gitlink:git-ls-remote[1]::
Shows references in a remote or local repository.
+gitlink:git-merge[1]::
+ Grand unified merge driver.
-Ancillary Commands
-------------------
-Manipulators:
+gitlink:git-mv[1]::
+ Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink.
-link:git-apply-patch-script.html[git-apply-patch-script]::
- Sample script to apply the diffs from git-diff-*
+gitlink:git-octopus[1]::
+ Merge more than two commits.
-link:git-convert-cache.html[git-convert-cache]::
- Converts old-style GIT repository
+gitlink:git-pull[1]::
+ Fetch from and merge with a remote repository.
-link:git-merge-one-file-script.html[git-merge-one-file-script]::
- The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-cache"
+gitlink:git-push[1]::
+ Update remote refs along with associated objects.
-link:git-prune-script.html[git-prune-script]::
- Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
+gitlink:git-rebase[1]::
+ Rebase local commits to new upstream head.
-link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve-script]::
- Script used to merge two trees
+gitlink:git-rename[1]::
+ Rename files and directories.
-link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]::
- An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
+gitlink:git-repack[1]::
+ Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
-link:git-cvsimport-script.html[git-cvsimport-script]::
- Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
+gitlink:git-reset[1]::
+ Reset current HEAD to the specified state.
+gitlink:git-resolve[1]::
+ Merge two commits.
-Interrogators:
+gitlink:git-revert[1]::
+ Revert an existing commit.
-link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]::
- Generates patch format output for git-diff-*
+gitlink:git-shortlog[1]::
+ Summarizes 'git log' output.
-link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]::
- Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
+gitlink:git-show-branch[1]::
+ Show branches and their commits.
-link:git-send-email-script.html[git-send-email]::
- Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output.
+gitlink:git-status[1]::
+ Shows the working tree status.
+gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]::
+ Check the GPG signature of tag.
-Commands not yet documented
----------------------------
+gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]::
+ Shows commit logs and differences they introduce.
-link:git-applymbox.html[git-applymbox]::
- git-applymbox.
-link:git-applypatch.html[git-applypatch]::
- git-applypatch.
+Ancillary Commands
+------------------
+Manipulators:
-link:git-mailinfo.html[git-mailinfo]::
- git-mailinfo.
+gitlink:git-applypatch[1]::
+ Apply one patch extracted from an e-mail.
-link:git-mailsplit.html[git-mailsplit]::
- git-mailsplit.
+gitlink:git-archimport[1]::
+ Import an arch repository into git.
+
+gitlink:git-convert-objects[1]::
+ Converts old-style git repository
+
+gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]::
+ Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
-link:git-add-script.html[git-add-script]::
- git-add-script.
+gitlink:git-merge-one-file[1]::
+ The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-index"
-link:git-bisect-script.html[git-bisect-script]::
- git-bisect-script.
+gitlink:git-prune[1]::
+ Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
-link:git-branch-script.html[git-branch-script]::
- git-branch-script.
+gitlink:git-relink[1]::
+ Hardlink common objects in local repositories.
-link:git-build-rev-cache.html[git-build-rev-cache]::
- git-build-rev-cache.
+gitlink:git-svnimport[1]::
+ Import a SVN repository into git.
-link:git-checkout-script.html[git-checkout-script]::
- git-checkout-script.
+gitlink:git-sh-setup[1]::
+ Common git shell script setup code.
-link:git-cherry.html[git-cherry]::
- git-cherry.
+gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]::
+ Read and modify symbolic refs
-link:git-clone-dumb-http.html[git-clone-dumb-http]::
- git-clone-dumb-http.
+gitlink:git-tag[1]::
+ An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
-link:git-count-objects-script.html[git-count-objects-script]::
- git-count-objects-script.
+gitlink:git-update-ref[1]::
+ Update the object name stored in a ref safely.
-link:git-daemon.html[git-daemon]::
- git-daemon.
-link:git-diff-script.html[git-diff-script]::
- git-diff-script.
+Interrogators:
-link:git-format-patch-script.html[git-format-patch-script]::
- git-format-patch-script.
+gitlink:git-check-ref-format[1]::
+ Make sure ref name is well formed.
-link:git-get-tar-commit-id.html[git-get-tar-commit-id]::
- git-get-tar-commit-id.
+gitlink:git-cherry[1]::
+ Find commits not merged upstream.
-link:git-patch-id.html[git-patch-id]::
- git-patch-id.
+gitlink:git-count-objects[1]::
+ Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
-link:git-push-script.html[git-push-script]::
- git-push-script.
+gitlink:git-daemon[1]::
+ A really simple server for git repositories.
-link:git-rebase-script.html[git-rebase-script]::
- git-rebase-script.
+gitlink:git-get-tar-commit-id[1]::
+ Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-tar-tree.
-link:git-relink-script.html[git-relink-script]::
- git-relink-script.
+gitlink:git-mailinfo[1]::
+ Extracts patch from a single e-mail message.
-link:git-request-pull-script.html[git-request-pull-script]::
- git-request-pull-script.
+gitlink:git-mailsplit[1]::
+ git-mailsplit.
-link:git-reset-script.html[git-reset-script]::
- git-reset-script.
+gitlink:git-patch-id[1]::
+ Compute unique ID for a patch.
-link:git-rev-parse.html[git-rev-parse]::
- git-rev-parse.
+gitlink:git-parse-remote[1]::
+ Routines to help parsing $GIT_DIR/remotes/
-link:git-revert-script.html[git-revert-script]::
- git-revert-script.
+gitlink:git-request-pull[1]::
+ git-request-pull.
-link:git-sh-setup-script.html[git-sh-setup-script]::
- git-sh-setup-script.
+gitlink:git-rev-parse[1]::
+ Pick out and massage parameters.
-link:git-show-rev-cache.html[git-show-rev-cache]::
- git-show-rev-cache.
+gitlink:git-send-email[1]::
+ Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output.
+
+gitlink:git-symbolic-refs[1]::
+ Read and modify symbolic refs.
-link:git-stripspace.html[git-stripspace]::
- git-stripspace.
+gitlink:git-stripspace[1]::
+ Filter out empty lines.
-link:git-verify-tag-script.html[git-verify-tag-script]::
- git-verify-tag-script.
-link:gitk.html[gitk]::
+Commands not yet documented
+---------------------------
+
+gitlink:gitk[1]::
gitk.
+Configuration Mechanism
+-----------------------
+
+Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), .git/config file
+is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
+simple text file modelled after `.ini` format familiar to some
+people. Here is an example:
+
+------------
+#
+# This is the config file, and
+# a '#' or ';' character indicates
+# a comment
+#
+
+; core variables
+[core]
+ ; Don't trust file modes
+ filemode = false
+
+; user identity
+[user]
+ name = "Junio C Hamano"
+ email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+
+------------
+
+Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
+their operation accordingly.
+
+
Identifier Terminology
----------------------
<object>::
File/Directory Structure
------------------------
-The git-core manipulates the following areas in the directory:
- .git/ The base (overridden with $GIT_DIR)
- objects/ The object base (overridden with $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY)
- ??/ 'First 2 chars of object' directories.
- pack/ Packed archives.
-
- refs/ Directories containing symbolic names for objects
- (each file contains the hex SHA1 + newline)
- heads/ Commits which are heads of various sorts
- tags/ Tags, by the tag name (or some local renaming of it)
- */ Any other subdirectory of refs/ can be used to store
- files similar to what are under refs/heads/.
- HEAD Symlink to refs/heads/<current-branch-name>
+Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
GIT_DIR.
+
Terminology
-----------
Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
- see link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]
+ see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
git Diffs
~~~~~~~~~
'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
see the "generating patches" section in :
- link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache];
- link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files];
- link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]
+ gitlink:git-diff-index[1];
+ gitlink:git-diff-files[1];
+ gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]
-Discussion
-----------
+Discussion[[Discussion]]
+------------------------
include::../README[]
Author
GIT
---
-Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
+Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite