#include "rerere.h"
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
        "git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
                    "terminate entries with NUL"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, "amend previous commit"),
        OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, "bypass post-rewrite hook"),
-       { OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, "mode", "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
+       { OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, "mode", "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no (Default: all)", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
        /* end commit contents options */
 
        { OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, NULL,
        if (!pathspec || !*pathspec) {
                fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
                refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
-               if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-                   commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
-                       die("unable to write new_index file");
+               if (active_cache_changed) {
+                       if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
+                           commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
+                               die("unable to write new_index file");
+               } else {
+                       rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
+               }
                commit_style = COMMIT_AS_IS;
                return get_index_file();
        }
                status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
 
        wt_status_prepare(&s);
+       gitmodules_config();
        git_config(git_status_config, &s);
        in_merge = file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 
        fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
        if (0 <= fd) {
-               if (!write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr))
+               if (active_cache_changed &&
+                   !write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr))
                        commit_locked_index(&index_lock);
-               rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
+               else
+                       rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
        }
 
        s.is_initial = get_sha1(s.reference, sha1) ? 1 : 0;
        init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
        setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
 
-       rev.abbrev = 0;
        rev.diff = 1;
        rev.diffopt.output_format =
                DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;