-Commit Formatting
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-ifdef::git-rev-list[]
-Using these options, linkgit:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
-more specialized family of commit log tools: linkgit:git-log[1],
-linkgit:git-show[1], and linkgit:git-whatchanged[1]
-endif::git-rev-list[]
-
-include::pretty-options.txt[]
-
---relative-date::
-
- Synonym for `--date=relative`.
-
---date={relative,local,default,iso,rfc,short,raw}::
-
- Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
- as when using "--pretty". `log.date` config variable sets a default
- value for log command's --date option.
-+
-`--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time,
-e.g. "2 hours ago".
-+
-`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local timezone.
-+
-`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in ISO 8601 format.
-+
-`--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
-format, often found in E-mail messages.
-+
-`--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
-+
-`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format.
-+
-`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
-(either committer's or author's).
-
-ifdef::git-rev-list[]
---header::
-
- Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
- separated with a NUL character.
-endif::git-rev-list[]
-
---parents::
-
- Print the parents of the commit. Also enables parent
- rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
-
---children::
-
- Print the children of the commit. Also enables parent
- rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
-
-ifdef::git-rev-list[]
---timestamp::
- Print the raw commit timestamp.
-endif::git-rev-list[]
-
---left-right::
-
- Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
- Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
- the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those
- commits are prefixed with `-`.
-+
-For example, if you have this topology:
-+
------------------------------------------------------------------------
- y---b---b branch B
- / \ /
- / .
- / / \
- o---x---a---a branch A
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-+
-you would get an output like this:
-+
------------------------------------------------------------------------
- $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
-
- >bbbbbbb... 3rd on b
- >bbbbbbb... 2nd on b
- <aaaaaaa... 3rd on a
- <aaaaaaa... 2nd on a
- -yyyyyyy... 1st on b
- -xxxxxxx... 1st on a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
---graph::
-
- Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
- on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines
- to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
- to be drawn properly.
-+
-This implies the '--topo-order' option by default, but the
-'--date-order' option may also be specified.
-
-ifndef::git-rev-list[]
-Diff Formatting
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
-Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
-options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
-
--c::
-
- This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed. It shows
- the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
- simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
- and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
- which were modified from all parents.
-
---cc::
-
- This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
- patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
- the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
- one of them without modification.
-
--r::
-
- Show recursive diffs.
-
--t::
-
- Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
-endif::git-rev-list[]
-
Commit Limiting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
special notations explained in the description, additional commit
-limiting may be applied.
+limiting may be applied. Note that they are applied before commit
+ordering and formatting options, such as '--reverse'.
--
-n 'number'::
--max-count=<number>::
- Limit the number of commits output.
+ Limit the number of commits to output.
--skip=<number>::
Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
+--merges::
+
+ Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`.
+
--no-merges::
- Do not print commits with more than one parent.
+ Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is
+ exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`.
+
+--min-parents=<number>::
+--max-parents=<number>::
+--no-min-parents::
+--no-max-parents::
+
+ Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many
+ commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`,
+ `--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`. `--max-parents=0`
+ gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges.
++
+`--no-min-parents` and `--no-max-parents` reset these limits (to no limit)
+again. Equivalent forms are `--min-parents=0` (any commit has 0 or more
+parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit).
--first-parent::
Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge
--all::
- Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/` are listed on the
+ Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/` are listed on the
command line as '<commit>'.
---branches::
+--branches[=<pattern>]::
- Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` are listed
- on the command line as '<commit>'.
+ Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed
+ on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
+ branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?',
+ '*', or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
---tags::
+--tags[=<pattern>]::
- Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` are listed
- on the command line as '<commit>'.
+ Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed
+ on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
+ tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '*',
+ or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
---remotes::
+--remotes[=<pattern>]::
- Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes` are listed
- on the command line as '<commit>'.
+ Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed
+ on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
+ remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
+ If pattern lacks '?', '*', or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+
+--glob=<glob-pattern>::
+ Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob '<glob-pattern>'
+ are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. Leading 'refs/',
+ is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '*',
+ or '[', '/*' at the end is implied.
+
+--ignore-missing::
+
+ Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if
+ the bad input was not given.
+
+ifndef::git-rev-list[]
+--bisect::
+
+ Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad`
+ was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good
+ bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command
+ line.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
-ifdef::git-rev-list[]
--stdin::
In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
- line, read them from the standard input.
+ line, read them from the standard input. If a '--' separator is
+ seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the
+ result.
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
--quiet::
Don't print anything to standard output. This form
to /dev/null as the output does not have to be formatted.
endif::git-rev-list[]
+--cherry-mark::
+
+ Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits
+ with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`.
+
--cherry-pick::
Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
+
For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way
to list all commits on only one side of them is with
-`--left-right`, like the example above in the description of
-that option. It however shows the commits that were cherry-picked
+`--left-right` (see the example below in the description of
+the `--left-right` option). It however shows the commits that were cherry-picked
from the other branch (for example, "3rd on b" may be cherry-picked
from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are
excluded from the output.
+--left-only::
+--right-only::
+
+ List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric range,
+ i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by
+ `--left-right`.
++
+For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those
+commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in
+`A`. In other words, this lists the `{plus}` commits from `git cherry A B`.
+More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact
+list.
+
+--cherry::
+
+ A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to
+ limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that
+ have been applied to the other side of a forked history with
+ `git log --cherry upstream...mybranch`, similar to
+ `git cherry upstream mybranch`.
+
-g::
--walk-reflogs::
reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
- nor 'commit1...commit2' notations cannot be used).
+ nor 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used).
+
With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
--full-history::
- As the default mode but does not prune some history.
+ Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history.
--dense::
merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
commits contributing to this merge.
+--ancestry-path::
+
+ When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2'
+ or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist
+ directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and
+ 'commit2', i.e. commits that are both descendants of 'commit1',
+ and ancestors of 'commit2'.
+
A more detailed explanation follows.
Suppose you specified `foo` as the <paths>. We shall call commits
\ / / / /
`-------------'
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-The horizontal line of history A--P is taken to be the first parent of
+The horizontal line of history A---P is taken to be the first parent of
each merge. The commits are:
* `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents
+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
.-A---N---O
- / /
+ / / /
I---------D
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other
sides of the merge are never walked.
-Finally, there is a fourth simplification mode available:
-
--simplify-merges::
First, build a history graph in the same way that
removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.
--
+Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available:
+
+--ancestry-path::
+
+ Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry
+ chain between the "from" and "to" commits in the given commit
+ range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the "to"
+ commit, and descendants of the "from" commit.
++
+As an example use case, consider the following commit history:
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ D---E-------F
+ / \ \
+ B---C---G---H---I---J
+ / \
+ A-------K---------------L--M
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`,
+but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see
+what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense
+that "what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`". The result in this
+example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself,
+of course).
++
+When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the
+bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view
+only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e.
+excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the '\--ancestry-path'
+option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in:
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ E-------F
+ \ \
+ G---H---I---J
+ \
+ L--M
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
The '\--simplify-by-decoration' option allows you to view only the
big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits
that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME
--bisect::
Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
-the included and excluded commits. Thus, if
+included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
+`refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it
+exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are
+added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
+are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
$ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
--bisect-vars::
-This calculates the same as `--bisect`, but outputs text ready
-to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the name of
-the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
-expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is
-tested to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be
-tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`,
-the expected number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev`
-turns out to be bad to `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits
-we are bisecting right now to `bisect_all`.
+This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in
+`refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs
+text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
+name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
+expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested
+to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if
+`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected
+number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to
+`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
+`bisect_all`.
--bisect-all::
This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
-commits. The farthest from them is displayed first. (This is the only
-one displayed by `--bisect`.)
+commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest
+from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
+`--bisect`.)
+
This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to
test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they
--do-walk::
Overrides a previous --no-walk.
+
+Commit Formatting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+Using these options, linkgit:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
+more specialized family of commit log tools: linkgit:git-log[1],
+linkgit:git-show[1], and linkgit:git-whatchanged[1]
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+include::pretty-options.txt[]
+
+--relative-date::
+
+ Synonym for `--date=relative`.
+
+--date=(relative|local|default|iso|rfc|short|raw)::
+
+ Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
+ as when using "--pretty". `log.date` config variable sets a default
+ value for log command's --date option.
++
+`--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time,
+e.g. "2 hours ago".
++
+`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local timezone.
++
+`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in ISO 8601 format.
++
+`--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
+format, often found in E-mail messages.
++
+`--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
++
+`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format.
++
+`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
+(either committer's or author's).
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--header::
+
+ Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
+ separated with a NUL character.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+--parents::
+
+ Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent...").
+ Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
+
+--children::
+
+ Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child...").
+ Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--timestamp::
+ Print the raw commit timestamp.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+--left-right::
+
+ Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
+ Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
+ the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those
+ commits are prefixed with `-`.
++
+For example, if you have this topology:
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ y---b---b branch B
+ / \ /
+ / .
+ / / \
+ o---x---a---a branch A
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+you would get an output like this:
++
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
+
+ >bbbbbbb... 3rd on b
+ >bbbbbbb... 2nd on b
+ <aaaaaaa... 3rd on a
+ <aaaaaaa... 2nd on a
+ -yyyyyyy... 1st on b
+ -xxxxxxx... 1st on a
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--graph::
+
+ Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
+ on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines
+ to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
+ to be drawn properly.
++
+This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
++
+This implies the '--topo-order' option by default, but the
+'--date-order' option may also be specified.
+
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--count::
+ Print a number stating how many commits would have been
+ listed, and suppress all other output. When used together
+ with '--left-right', instead print the counts for left and
+ right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with
+ '--cherry-mark', omit patch equivalent commits from these
+ counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated
+ by a tab.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
+
+
+ifndef::git-rev-list[]
+Diff Formatting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
+Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
+options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
+
+-c::
+
+ With this option, diff output for a merge commit
+ shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
+ simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
+ and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
+ which were modified from all parents.
+
+--cc::
+
+ This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
+ patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
+ the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
+ one of them without modification.
+
+-m::
+
+ This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like
+ regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry
+ and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against
+ the first parent is shown when '--first-parent' option is given;
+ in that case, the output represents the changes the merge
+ brought _into_ the then-current branch.
+
+-r::
+
+ Show recursive diffs.
+
+-t::
+
+ Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
+
+-s::
+ Suppress diff output.
+endif::git-rev-list[]