Emit a whole line in one go
[gitweb.git] / notes.c
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
index bd737842d9eb9da747e613111117f2c8bd0b24ea..e425e198278bfb5c6a039dc88825568f1518e875 100644 (file)
--- a/notes.c
+++ b/notes.c
 #include "cache.h"
-#include "commit.h"
 #include "notes.h"
-#include "refs.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
-struct entry {
-       unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
-       unsigned char notes_sha1[20];
+/*
+ * Use a non-balancing simple 16-tree structure with struct int_node as
+ * internal nodes, and struct leaf_node as leaf nodes. Each int_node has a
+ * 16-array of pointers to its children.
+ * The bottom 2 bits of each pointer is used to identify the pointer type
+ * - ptr & 3 == 0 - NULL pointer, assert(ptr == NULL)
+ * - ptr & 3 == 1 - pointer to next internal node - cast to struct int_node *
+ * - ptr & 3 == 2 - pointer to note entry - cast to struct leaf_node *
+ * - ptr & 3 == 3 - pointer to subtree entry - cast to struct leaf_node *
+ *
+ * The root node is a statically allocated struct int_node.
+ */
+struct int_node {
+       void *a[16];
 };
 
-struct hash_map {
-       struct entry *entries;
-       off_t count, size;
+/*
+ * Leaf nodes come in two variants, note entries and subtree entries,
+ * distinguished by the LSb of the leaf node pointer (see above).
+ * As a note entry, the key is the SHA1 of the referenced object, and the
+ * value is the SHA1 of the note object.
+ * As a subtree entry, the key is the prefix SHA1 (w/trailing NULs) of the
+ * referenced object, using the last byte of the key to store the length of
+ * the prefix. The value is the SHA1 of the tree object containing the notes
+ * subtree.
+ */
+struct leaf_node {
+       unsigned char key_sha1[20];
+       unsigned char val_sha1[20];
 };
 
-static int initialized;
-static struct hash_map hash_map;
+/*
+ * A notes tree may contain entries that are not notes, and that do not follow
+ * the naming conventions of notes. There are typically none/few of these, but
+ * we still need to keep track of them. Keep a simple linked list sorted alpha-
+ * betically on the non-note path. The list is populated when parsing tree
+ * objects in load_subtree(), and the non-notes are correctly written back into
+ * the tree objects produced by write_notes_tree().
+ */
+struct non_note {
+       struct non_note *next; /* grounded (last->next == NULL) */
+       char *path;
+       unsigned int mode;
+       unsigned char sha1[20];
+};
 
-static int hash_index(struct hash_map *map, const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-       int i = ((*(unsigned int *)sha1) % map->size);
+#define PTR_TYPE_NULL     0
+#define PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL 1
+#define PTR_TYPE_NOTE     2
+#define PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE  3
+
+#define GET_PTR_TYPE(ptr)       ((uintptr_t) (ptr) & 3)
+#define CLR_PTR_TYPE(ptr)       ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (ptr) & ~3))
+#define SET_PTR_TYPE(ptr, type) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (ptr) | (type)))
+
+#define GET_NIBBLE(n, sha1) (((sha1[(n) >> 1]) >> ((~(n) & 0x01) << 2)) & 0x0f)
+
+#define SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(key_sha1, subtree_sha1) \
+       (memcmp(key_sha1, subtree_sha1, subtree_sha1[19]))
+
+struct notes_tree default_notes_tree;
 
-       for (;;) {
-               unsigned char *current = map->entries[i].commit_sha1;
+static struct string_list display_notes_refs;
+static struct notes_tree **display_notes_trees;
 
-               if (!hashcmp(sha1, current))
-                       return i;
+static void load_subtree(struct notes_tree *t, struct leaf_node *subtree,
+               struct int_node *node, unsigned int n);
 
-               if (is_null_sha1(current))
-                       return -1 - i;
+/*
+ * Search the tree until the appropriate location for the given key is found:
+ * 1. Start at the root node, with n = 0
+ * 2. If a[0] at the current level is a matching subtree entry, unpack that
+ *    subtree entry and remove it; restart search at the current level.
+ * 3. Use the nth nibble of the key as an index into a:
+ *    - If a[n] is an int_node, recurse from #2 into that node and increment n
+ *    - If a matching subtree entry, unpack that subtree entry (and remove it);
+ *      restart search at the current level.
+ *    - Otherwise, we have found one of the following:
+ *      - a subtree entry which does not match the key
+ *      - a note entry which may or may not match the key
+ *      - an unused leaf node (NULL)
+ *      In any case, set *tree and *n, and return pointer to the tree location.
+ */
+static void **note_tree_search(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node **tree,
+               unsigned char *n, const unsigned char *key_sha1)
+{
+       struct leaf_node *l;
+       unsigned char i;
+       void *p = (*tree)->a[0];
+
+       if (GET_PTR_TYPE(p) == PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE) {
+               l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(p);
+               if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(key_sha1, l->key_sha1)) {
+                       /* unpack tree and resume search */
+                       (*tree)->a[0] = NULL;
+                       load_subtree(t, l, *tree, *n);
+                       free(l);
+                       return note_tree_search(t, tree, n, key_sha1);
+               }
+       }
 
-               if (++i == map->size)
-                       i = 0;
+       i = GET_NIBBLE(*n, key_sha1);
+       p = (*tree)->a[i];
+       switch (GET_PTR_TYPE(p)) {
+       case PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL:
+               *tree = CLR_PTR_TYPE(p);
+               (*n)++;
+               return note_tree_search(t, tree, n, key_sha1);
+       case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+               l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(p);
+               if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(key_sha1, l->key_sha1)) {
+                       /* unpack tree and resume search */
+                       (*tree)->a[i] = NULL;
+                       load_subtree(t, l, *tree, *n);
+                       free(l);
+                       return note_tree_search(t, tree, n, key_sha1);
+               }
+               /* fall through */
+       default:
+               return &((*tree)->a[i]);
        }
 }
 
-static void add_entry(const unsigned char *commit_sha1,
-               const unsigned char *notes_sha1)
+/*
+ * To find a leaf_node:
+ * Search to the tree location appropriate for the given key:
+ * If a note entry with matching key, return the note entry, else return NULL.
+ */
+static struct leaf_node *note_tree_find(struct notes_tree *t,
+               struct int_node *tree, unsigned char n,
+               const unsigned char *key_sha1)
 {
-       int index;
+       void **p = note_tree_search(t, &tree, &n, key_sha1);
+       if (GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_NOTE) {
+               struct leaf_node *l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(*p);
+               if (!hashcmp(key_sha1, l->key_sha1))
+                       return l;
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-       if (hash_map.count + 1 > hash_map.size >> 1) {
-               int i, old_size = hash_map.size;
-               struct entry *old = hash_map.entries;
+/*
+ * To insert a leaf_node:
+ * Search to the tree location appropriate for the given leaf_node's key:
+ * - If location is unused (NULL), store the tweaked pointer directly there
+ * - If location holds a note entry that matches the note-to-be-inserted, then
+ *   combine the two notes (by calling the given combine_notes function).
+ * - If location holds a note entry that matches the subtree-to-be-inserted,
+ *   then unpack the subtree-to-be-inserted into the location.
+ * - If location holds a matching subtree entry, unpack the subtree at that
+ *   location, and restart the insert operation from that level.
+ * - Else, create a new int_node, holding both the node-at-location and the
+ *   node-to-be-inserted, and store the new int_node into the location.
+ */
+static void note_tree_insert(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
+               unsigned char n, struct leaf_node *entry, unsigned char type,
+               combine_notes_fn combine_notes)
+{
+       struct int_node *new_node;
+       struct leaf_node *l;
+       void **p = note_tree_search(t, &tree, &n, entry->key_sha1);
 
-               hash_map.size = old_size ? old_size << 1 : 64;
-               hash_map.entries = (struct entry *)
-                       xcalloc(sizeof(struct entry), hash_map.size);
+       assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(entry) == 0); /* no type bits set */
+       l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(*p);
+       switch (GET_PTR_TYPE(*p)) {
+       case PTR_TYPE_NULL:
+               assert(!*p);
+               *p = SET_PTR_TYPE(entry, type);
+               return;
+       case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+               switch (type) {
+               case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+                       if (!hashcmp(l->key_sha1, entry->key_sha1)) {
+                               /* skip concatenation if l == entry */
+                               if (!hashcmp(l->val_sha1, entry->val_sha1))
+                                       return;
 
-               for (i = 0; i < old_size; i++)
-                       if (!is_null_sha1(old[i].commit_sha1)) {
-                               index = -1 - hash_index(&hash_map,
-                                               old[i].commit_sha1);
-                               memcpy(hash_map.entries + index, old + i,
-                                       sizeof(struct entry));
+                               if (combine_notes(l->val_sha1, entry->val_sha1))
+                                       die("failed to combine notes %s and %s"
+                                           " for object %s",
+                                           sha1_to_hex(l->val_sha1),
+                                           sha1_to_hex(entry->val_sha1),
+                                           sha1_to_hex(l->key_sha1));
+                               free(entry);
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+                       if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(l->key_sha1,
+                                                   entry->key_sha1)) {
+                               /* unpack 'entry' */
+                               load_subtree(t, entry, tree, n);
+                               free(entry);
+                               return;
                        }
-               free(old);
+                       break;
+               }
+               break;
+       case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+               if (!SUBTREE_SHA1_PREFIXCMP(entry->key_sha1, l->key_sha1)) {
+                       /* unpack 'l' and restart insert */
+                       *p = NULL;
+                       load_subtree(t, l, tree, n);
+                       free(l);
+                       note_tree_insert(t, tree, n, entry, type,
+                                        combine_notes);
+                       return;
+               }
+               break;
        }
 
-       index = hash_index(&hash_map, commit_sha1);
-       if (index < 0) {
-               index = -1 - index;
-               hash_map.count++;
+       /* non-matching leaf_node */
+       assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_NOTE ||
+              GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) == PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE);
+       new_node = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
+       note_tree_insert(t, new_node, n + 1, l, GET_PTR_TYPE(*p),
+                        combine_notes);
+       *p = SET_PTR_TYPE(new_node, PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL);
+       note_tree_insert(t, new_node, n + 1, entry, type, combine_notes);
+}
+
+/*
+ * How to consolidate an int_node:
+ * If there are > 1 non-NULL entries, give up and return non-zero.
+ * Otherwise replace the int_node at the given index in the given parent node
+ * with the only entry (or a NULL entry if no entries) from the given tree,
+ * and return 0.
+ */
+static int note_tree_consolidate(struct int_node *tree,
+       struct int_node *parent, unsigned char index)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       void *p = NULL;
+
+       assert(tree && parent);
+       assert(CLR_PTR_TYPE(parent->a[index]) == tree);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+               if (GET_PTR_TYPE(tree->a[i]) != PTR_TYPE_NULL) {
+                       if (p) /* more than one entry */
+                               return -2;
+                       p = tree->a[i];
+               }
        }
 
-       hashcpy(hash_map.entries[index].commit_sha1, commit_sha1);
-       hashcpy(hash_map.entries[index].notes_sha1, notes_sha1);
+       /* replace tree with p in parent[index] */
+       parent->a[index] = p;
+       free(tree);
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void initialize_hash_map(const char *notes_ref_name)
+/*
+ * To remove a leaf_node:
+ * Search to the tree location appropriate for the given leaf_node's key:
+ * - If location does not hold a matching entry, abort and do nothing.
+ * - Replace the matching leaf_node with a NULL entry (and free the leaf_node).
+ * - Consolidate int_nodes repeatedly, while walking up the tree towards root.
+ */
+static void note_tree_remove(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
+               unsigned char n, struct leaf_node *entry)
 {
-       unsigned char sha1[20], commit_sha1[20];
-       unsigned mode;
-       struct tree_desc desc;
-       struct name_entry entry;
-       void *buf;
+       struct leaf_node *l;
+       struct int_node *parent_stack[20];
+       unsigned char i, j;
+       void **p = note_tree_search(t, &tree, &n, entry->key_sha1);
+
+       assert(GET_PTR_TYPE(entry) == 0); /* no type bits set */
+       if (GET_PTR_TYPE(*p) != PTR_TYPE_NOTE)
+               return; /* type mismatch, nothing to remove */
+       l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(*p);
+       if (hashcmp(l->key_sha1, entry->key_sha1))
+               return; /* key mismatch, nothing to remove */
 
-       if (!notes_ref_name || read_ref(notes_ref_name, commit_sha1) ||
-           get_tree_entry(commit_sha1, "", sha1, &mode))
+       /* we have found a matching entry */
+       free(l);
+       *p = SET_PTR_TYPE(NULL, PTR_TYPE_NULL);
+
+       /* consolidate this tree level, and parent levels, if possible */
+       if (!n)
+               return; /* cannot consolidate top level */
+       /* first, build stack of ancestors between root and current node */
+       parent_stack[0] = t->root;
+       for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+               j = GET_NIBBLE(i, entry->key_sha1);
+               parent_stack[i + 1] = CLR_PTR_TYPE(parent_stack[i]->a[j]);
+       }
+       assert(i == n && parent_stack[i] == tree);
+       /* next, unwind stack until note_tree_consolidate() is done */
+       while (i > 0 &&
+              !note_tree_consolidate(parent_stack[i], parent_stack[i - 1],
+                                     GET_NIBBLE(i - 1, entry->key_sha1)))
+               i--;
+}
+
+/* Free the entire notes data contained in the given tree */
+static void note_tree_free(struct int_node *tree)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+               void *p = tree->a[i];
+               switch (GET_PTR_TYPE(p)) {
+               case PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL:
+                       note_tree_free(CLR_PTR_TYPE(p));
+                       /* fall through */
+               case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+               case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+                       free(CLR_PTR_TYPE(p));
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert a partial SHA1 hex string to the corresponding partial SHA1 value.
+ * - hex      - Partial SHA1 segment in ASCII hex format
+ * - hex_len  - Length of above segment. Must be multiple of 2 between 0 and 40
+ * - sha1     - Partial SHA1 value is written here
+ * - sha1_len - Max #bytes to store in sha1, Must be >= hex_len / 2, and < 20
+ * Returns -1 on error (invalid arguments or invalid SHA1 (not in hex format)).
+ * Otherwise, returns number of bytes written to sha1 (i.e. hex_len / 2).
+ * Pads sha1 with NULs up to sha1_len (not included in returned length).
+ */
+static int get_sha1_hex_segment(const char *hex, unsigned int hex_len,
+               unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int sha1_len)
+{
+       unsigned int i, len = hex_len >> 1;
+       if (hex_len % 2 != 0 || len > sha1_len)
+               return -1;
+       for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+               unsigned int val = (hexval(hex[0]) << 4) | hexval(hex[1]);
+               if (val & ~0xff)
+                       return -1;
+               *sha1++ = val;
+               hex += 2;
+       }
+       for (; i < sha1_len; i++)
+               *sha1++ = 0;
+       return len;
+}
+
+static int non_note_cmp(const struct non_note *a, const struct non_note *b)
+{
+       return strcmp(a->path, b->path);
+}
+
+static void add_non_note(struct notes_tree *t, const char *path,
+               unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+       struct non_note *p = t->prev_non_note, *n;
+       n = (struct non_note *) xmalloc(sizeof(struct non_note));
+       n->next = NULL;
+       n->path = xstrdup(path);
+       n->mode = mode;
+       hashcpy(n->sha1, sha1);
+       t->prev_non_note = n;
+
+       if (!t->first_non_note) {
+               t->first_non_note = n;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (non_note_cmp(p, n) < 0)
+               ; /* do nothing  */
+       else if (non_note_cmp(t->first_non_note, n) <= 0)
+               p = t->first_non_note;
+       else {
+               /* n sorts before t->first_non_note */
+               n->next = t->first_non_note;
+               t->first_non_note = n;
                return;
+       }
+
+       /* n sorts equal or after p */
+       while (p->next && non_note_cmp(p->next, n) <= 0)
+               p = p->next;
+
+       if (non_note_cmp(p, n) == 0) { /* n ~= p; overwrite p with n */
+               assert(strcmp(p->path, n->path) == 0);
+               p->mode = n->mode;
+               hashcpy(p->sha1, n->sha1);
+               free(n);
+               t->prev_non_note = p;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* n sorts between p and p->next */
+       n->next = p->next;
+       p->next = n;
+}
+
+static void load_subtree(struct notes_tree *t, struct leaf_node *subtree,
+               struct int_node *node, unsigned int n)
+{
+       unsigned char object_sha1[20];
+       unsigned int prefix_len;
+       void *buf;
+       struct tree_desc desc;
+       struct name_entry entry;
+       int len, path_len;
+       unsigned char type;
+       struct leaf_node *l;
 
-       buf = fill_tree_descriptor(&desc, sha1);
+       buf = fill_tree_descriptor(&desc, subtree->val_sha1);
        if (!buf)
-               die("Could not read %s for notes-index", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+               die("Could not read %s for notes-index",
+                    sha1_to_hex(subtree->val_sha1));
+
+       prefix_len = subtree->key_sha1[19];
+       assert(prefix_len * 2 >= n);
+       memcpy(object_sha1, subtree->key_sha1, prefix_len);
+       while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
+               path_len = strlen(entry.path);
+               len = get_sha1_hex_segment(entry.path, path_len,
+                               object_sha1 + prefix_len, 20 - prefix_len);
+               if (len < 0)
+                       goto handle_non_note; /* entry.path is not a SHA1 */
+               len += prefix_len;
+
+               /*
+                * If object SHA1 is complete (len == 20), assume note object
+                * If object SHA1 is incomplete (len < 20), and current
+                * component consists of 2 hex chars, assume note subtree
+                */
+               if (len <= 20) {
+                       type = PTR_TYPE_NOTE;
+                       l = (struct leaf_node *)
+                               xcalloc(sizeof(struct leaf_node), 1);
+                       hashcpy(l->key_sha1, object_sha1);
+                       hashcpy(l->val_sha1, entry.sha1);
+                       if (len < 20) {
+                               if (!S_ISDIR(entry.mode) || path_len != 2)
+                                       goto handle_non_note; /* not subtree */
+                               l->key_sha1[19] = (unsigned char) len;
+                               type = PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE;
+                       }
+                       note_tree_insert(t, node, n, l, type,
+                                        combine_notes_concatenate);
+               }
+               continue;
+
+handle_non_note:
+               /*
+                * Determine full path for this non-note entry:
+                * The filename is already found in entry.path, but the
+                * directory part of the path must be deduced from the subtree
+                * containing this entry. We assume here that the overall notes
+                * tree follows a strict byte-based progressive fanout
+                * structure (i.e. using 2/38, 2/2/36, etc. fanouts, and not
+                * e.g. 4/36 fanout). This means that if a non-note is found at
+                * path "dead/beef", the following code will register it as
+                * being found on "de/ad/beef".
+                * On the other hand, if you use such non-obvious non-note
+                * paths in the middle of a notes tree, you deserve what's
+                * coming to you ;). Note that for non-notes that are not
+                * SHA1-like at the top level, there will be no problems.
+                *
+                * To conclude, it is strongly advised to make sure non-notes
+                * have at least one non-hex character in the top-level path
+                * component.
+                */
+               {
+                       char non_note_path[PATH_MAX];
+                       char *p = non_note_path;
+                       const char *q = sha1_to_hex(subtree->key_sha1);
+                       int i;
+                       for (i = 0; i < prefix_len; i++) {
+                               *p++ = *q++;
+                               *p++ = *q++;
+                               *p++ = '/';
+                       }
+                       strcpy(p, entry.path);
+                       add_non_note(t, non_note_path, entry.mode, entry.sha1);
+               }
+       }
+       free(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determine optimal on-disk fanout for this part of the notes tree
+ *
+ * Given a (sub)tree and the level in the internal tree structure, determine
+ * whether or not the given existing fanout should be expanded for this
+ * (sub)tree.
+ *
+ * Values of the 'fanout' variable:
+ * - 0: No fanout (all notes are stored directly in the root notes tree)
+ * - 1: 2/38 fanout
+ * - 2: 2/2/36 fanout
+ * - 3: 2/2/2/34 fanout
+ * etc.
+ */
+static unsigned char determine_fanout(struct int_node *tree, unsigned char n,
+               unsigned char fanout)
+{
+       /*
+        * The following is a simple heuristic that works well in practice:
+        * For each even-numbered 16-tree level (remember that each on-disk
+        * fanout level corresponds to _two_ 16-tree levels), peek at all 16
+        * entries at that tree level. If all of them are either int_nodes or
+        * subtree entries, then there are likely plenty of notes below this
+        * level, so we return an incremented fanout.
+        */
+       unsigned int i;
+       if ((n % 2) || (n > 2 * fanout))
+               return fanout;
+       for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+               switch (GET_PTR_TYPE(tree->a[i])) {
+               case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+               case PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL:
+                       continue;
+               default:
+                       return fanout;
+               }
+       }
+       return fanout + 1;
+}
+
+static void construct_path_with_fanout(const unsigned char *sha1,
+               unsigned char fanout, char *path)
+{
+       unsigned int i = 0, j = 0;
+       const char *hex_sha1 = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+       assert(fanout < 20);
+       while (fanout) {
+               path[i++] = hex_sha1[j++];
+               path[i++] = hex_sha1[j++];
+               path[i++] = '/';
+               fanout--;
+       }
+       strcpy(path + i, hex_sha1 + j);
+}
+
+static int for_each_note_helper(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
+               unsigned char n, unsigned char fanout, int flags,
+               each_note_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+       void *p;
+       int ret = 0;
+       struct leaf_node *l;
+       static char path[40 + 19 + 1];  /* hex SHA1 + 19 * '/' + NUL */
+
+       fanout = determine_fanout(tree, n, fanout);
+       for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+redo:
+               p = tree->a[i];
+               switch (GET_PTR_TYPE(p)) {
+               case PTR_TYPE_INTERNAL:
+                       /* recurse into int_node */
+                       ret = for_each_note_helper(t, CLR_PTR_TYPE(p), n + 1,
+                               fanout, flags, fn, cb_data);
+                       break;
+               case PTR_TYPE_SUBTREE:
+                       l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(p);
+                       /*
+                        * Subtree entries in the note tree represent parts of
+                        * the note tree that have not yet been explored. There
+                        * is a direct relationship between subtree entries at
+                        * level 'n' in the tree, and the 'fanout' variable:
+                        * Subtree entries at level 'n <= 2 * fanout' should be
+                        * preserved, since they correspond exactly to a fanout
+                        * directory in the on-disk structure. However, subtree
+                        * entries at level 'n > 2 * fanout' should NOT be
+                        * preserved, but rather consolidated into the above
+                        * notes tree level. We achieve this by unconditionally
+                        * unpacking subtree entries that exist below the
+                        * threshold level at 'n = 2 * fanout'.
+                        */
+                       if (n <= 2 * fanout &&
+                           flags & FOR_EACH_NOTE_YIELD_SUBTREES) {
+                               /* invoke callback with subtree */
+                               unsigned int path_len =
+                                       l->key_sha1[19] * 2 + fanout;
+                               assert(path_len < 40 + 19);
+                               construct_path_with_fanout(l->key_sha1, fanout,
+                                                          path);
+                               /* Create trailing slash, if needed */
+                               if (path[path_len - 1] != '/')
+                                       path[path_len++] = '/';
+                               path[path_len] = '\0';
+                               ret = fn(l->key_sha1, l->val_sha1, path,
+                                        cb_data);
+                       }
+                       if (n > fanout * 2 ||
+                           !(flags & FOR_EACH_NOTE_DONT_UNPACK_SUBTREES)) {
+                               /* unpack subtree and resume traversal */
+                               tree->a[i] = NULL;
+                               load_subtree(t, l, tree, n);
+                               free(l);
+                               goto redo;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case PTR_TYPE_NOTE:
+                       l = (struct leaf_node *) CLR_PTR_TYPE(p);
+                       construct_path_with_fanout(l->key_sha1, fanout, path);
+                       ret = fn(l->key_sha1, l->val_sha1, path, cb_data);
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+struct tree_write_stack {
+       struct tree_write_stack *next;
+       struct strbuf buf;
+       char path[2]; /* path to subtree in next, if any */
+};
+
+static inline int matches_tree_write_stack(struct tree_write_stack *tws,
+               const char *full_path)
+{
+       return  full_path[0] == tws->path[0] &&
+               full_path[1] == tws->path[1] &&
+               full_path[2] == '/';
+}
+
+static void write_tree_entry(struct strbuf *buf, unsigned int mode,
+               const char *path, unsigned int path_len, const
+               unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+       strbuf_addf(buf, "%o %.*s%c", mode, path_len, path, '\0');
+       strbuf_add(buf, sha1, 20);
+}
+
+static void tree_write_stack_init_subtree(struct tree_write_stack *tws,
+               const char *path)
+{
+       struct tree_write_stack *n;
+       assert(!tws->next);
+       assert(tws->path[0] == '\0' && tws->path[1] == '\0');
+       n = (struct tree_write_stack *)
+               xmalloc(sizeof(struct tree_write_stack));
+       n->next = NULL;
+       strbuf_init(&n->buf, 256 * (32 + 40)); /* assume 256 entries per tree */
+       n->path[0] = n->path[1] = '\0';
+       tws->next = n;
+       tws->path[0] = path[0];
+       tws->path[1] = path[1];
+}
+
+static int tree_write_stack_finish_subtree(struct tree_write_stack *tws)
+{
+       int ret;
+       struct tree_write_stack *n = tws->next;
+       unsigned char s[20];
+       if (n) {
+               ret = tree_write_stack_finish_subtree(n);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               ret = write_sha1_file(n->buf.buf, n->buf.len, tree_type, s);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+               strbuf_release(&n->buf);
+               free(n);
+               tws->next = NULL;
+               write_tree_entry(&tws->buf, 040000, tws->path, 2, s);
+               tws->path[0] = tws->path[1] = '\0';
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_each_note_helper(struct tree_write_stack *tws,
+               const char *path, unsigned int mode,
+               const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+       size_t path_len = strlen(path);
+       unsigned int n = 0;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* Determine common part of tree write stack */
+       while (tws && 3 * n < path_len &&
+              matches_tree_write_stack(tws, path + 3 * n)) {
+               n++;
+               tws = tws->next;
+       }
+
+       /* tws point to last matching tree_write_stack entry */
+       ret = tree_write_stack_finish_subtree(tws);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       /* Start subtrees needed to satisfy path */
+       while (3 * n + 2 < path_len && path[3 * n + 2] == '/') {
+               tree_write_stack_init_subtree(tws, path + 3 * n);
+               n++;
+               tws = tws->next;
+       }
+
+       /* There should be no more directory components in the given path */
+       assert(memchr(path + 3 * n, '/', path_len - (3 * n)) == NULL);
+
+       /* Finally add given entry to the current tree object */
+       write_tree_entry(&tws->buf, mode, path + 3 * n, path_len - (3 * n),
+                        sha1);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+struct write_each_note_data {
+       struct tree_write_stack *root;
+       struct non_note *next_non_note;
+};
+
+static int write_each_non_note_until(const char *note_path,
+               struct write_each_note_data *d)
+{
+       struct non_note *n = d->next_non_note;
+       int cmp, ret;
+       while (n && (!note_path || (cmp = strcmp(n->path, note_path)) <= 0)) {
+               if (note_path && cmp == 0)
+                       ; /* do nothing, prefer note to non-note */
+               else {
+                       ret = write_each_note_helper(d->root, n->path, n->mode,
+                                                    n->sha1);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
+               }
+               n = n->next;
+       }
+       d->next_non_note = n;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_each_note(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+               const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
+               void *cb_data)
+{
+       struct write_each_note_data *d =
+               (struct write_each_note_data *) cb_data;
+       size_t note_path_len = strlen(note_path);
+       unsigned int mode = 0100644;
+
+       if (note_path[note_path_len - 1] == '/') {
+               /* subtree entry */
+               note_path_len--;
+               note_path[note_path_len] = '\0';
+               mode = 040000;
+       }
+       assert(note_path_len <= 40 + 19);
+
+       /* Weave non-note entries into note entries */
+       return  write_each_non_note_until(note_path, d) ||
+               write_each_note_helper(d->root, note_path, mode, note_sha1);
+}
 
-       while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry))
-               if (!get_sha1(entry.path, commit_sha1))
-                       add_entry(commit_sha1, entry.sha1);
+struct note_delete_list {
+       struct note_delete_list *next;
+       const unsigned char *sha1;
+};
+
+static int prune_notes_helper(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+               const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
+               void *cb_data)
+{
+       struct note_delete_list **l = (struct note_delete_list **) cb_data;
+       struct note_delete_list *n;
+
+       if (has_sha1_file(object_sha1))
+               return 0; /* nothing to do for this note */
+
+       /* failed to find object => prune this note */
+       n = (struct note_delete_list *) xmalloc(sizeof(*n));
+       n->next = *l;
+       n->sha1 = object_sha1;
+       *l = n;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int combine_notes_concatenate(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
+               const unsigned char *new_sha1)
+{
+       char *cur_msg = NULL, *new_msg = NULL, *buf;
+       unsigned long cur_len, new_len, buf_len;
+       enum object_type cur_type, new_type;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* read in both note blob objects */
+       if (!is_null_sha1(new_sha1))
+               new_msg = read_sha1_file(new_sha1, &new_type, &new_len);
+       if (!new_msg || !new_len || new_type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+               free(new_msg);
+               return 0;
+       }
+       if (!is_null_sha1(cur_sha1))
+               cur_msg = read_sha1_file(cur_sha1, &cur_type, &cur_len);
+       if (!cur_msg || !cur_len || cur_type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+               free(cur_msg);
+               free(new_msg);
+               hashcpy(cur_sha1, new_sha1);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* we will separate the notes by a newline anyway */
+       if (cur_msg[cur_len - 1] == '\n')
+               cur_len--;
+
+       /* concatenate cur_msg and new_msg into buf */
+       buf_len = cur_len + 1 + new_len;
+       buf = (char *) xmalloc(buf_len);
+       memcpy(buf, cur_msg, cur_len);
+       buf[cur_len] = '\n';
+       memcpy(buf + cur_len + 1, new_msg, new_len);
+       free(cur_msg);
+       free(new_msg);
+
+       /* create a new blob object from buf */
+       ret = write_sha1_file(buf, buf_len, blob_type, cur_sha1);
        free(buf);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+int combine_notes_overwrite(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
+               const unsigned char *new_sha1)
+{
+       hashcpy(cur_sha1, new_sha1);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int combine_notes_ignore(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
+               const unsigned char *new_sha1)
+{
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+                                  int flag, void *cb)
+{
+       struct string_list *refs = cb;
+       if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, path))
+               string_list_append(path, refs);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+void string_list_add_refs_by_glob(struct string_list *list, const char *glob)
+{
+       if (has_glob_specials(glob)) {
+               for_each_glob_ref(string_list_add_one_ref, glob, list);
+       } else {
+               unsigned char sha1[20];
+               if (get_sha1(glob, sha1))
+                       warning("notes ref %s is invalid", glob);
+               if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(list, glob))
+                       string_list_append(glob, list);
+       }
+}
+
+void string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(struct string_list *list,
+                                        const char *globs)
+{
+       struct strbuf globbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct strbuf **split;
+       int i;
+
+       strbuf_addstr(&globbuf, globs);
+       split = strbuf_split(&globbuf, ':');
+
+       for (i = 0; split[i]; i++) {
+               if (!split[i]->len)
+                       continue;
+               if (split[i]->buf[split[i]->len-1] == ':')
+                       strbuf_setlen(split[i], split[i]->len-1);
+               string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split[i]->buf);
+       }
+
+       strbuf_list_free(split);
+       strbuf_release(&globbuf);
+}
+
+static int string_list_add_refs_from_list(struct string_list_item *item,
+                                         void *cb)
+{
+       struct string_list *list = cb;
+       string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, item->string);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int notes_display_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+       int *load_refs = cb;
+
+       if (*load_refs && !strcmp(k, "notes.displayref")) {
+               if (!v)
+                       config_error_nonbool(k);
+               string_list_add_refs_by_glob(&display_notes_refs, v);
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *default_notes_ref(void)
+{
+       const char *notes_ref = NULL;
+       if (!notes_ref)
+               notes_ref = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
+       if (!notes_ref)
+               notes_ref = notes_ref_name; /* value of core.notesRef config */
+       if (!notes_ref)
+               notes_ref = GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF;
+       return notes_ref;
+}
+
+void init_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *notes_ref,
+               combine_notes_fn combine_notes, int flags)
+{
+       unsigned char sha1[20], object_sha1[20];
+       unsigned mode;
+       struct leaf_node root_tree;
+
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       assert(!t->initialized);
+
+       if (!notes_ref)
+               notes_ref = default_notes_ref();
+
+       if (!combine_notes)
+               combine_notes = combine_notes_concatenate;
+
+       t->root = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
+       t->first_non_note = NULL;
+       t->prev_non_note = NULL;
+       t->ref = notes_ref ? xstrdup(notes_ref) : NULL;
+       t->combine_notes = combine_notes;
+       t->initialized = 1;
+       t->dirty = 0;
+
+       if (flags & NOTES_INIT_EMPTY || !notes_ref ||
+           read_ref(notes_ref, object_sha1))
+               return;
+       if (get_tree_entry(object_sha1, "", sha1, &mode))
+               die("Failed to read notes tree referenced by %s (%s)",
+                   notes_ref, object_sha1);
+
+       hashclr(root_tree.key_sha1);
+       hashcpy(root_tree.val_sha1, sha1);
+       load_subtree(t, &root_tree, t->root, 0);
+}
+
+struct load_notes_cb_data {
+       int counter;
+       struct notes_tree **trees;
+};
+
+static int load_one_display_note_ref(struct string_list_item *item,
+                                    void *cb_data)
+{
+       struct load_notes_cb_data *c = cb_data;
+       struct notes_tree *t = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
+       init_notes(t, item->string, combine_notes_ignore, 0);
+       c->trees[c->counter++] = t;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+struct notes_tree **load_notes_trees(struct string_list *refs)
+{
+       struct notes_tree **trees;
+       struct load_notes_cb_data cb_data;
+       trees = xmalloc((refs->nr+1) * sizeof(struct notes_tree *));
+       cb_data.counter = 0;
+       cb_data.trees = trees;
+       for_each_string_list(load_one_display_note_ref, refs, &cb_data);
+       trees[cb_data.counter] = NULL;
+       return trees;
 }
 
-static unsigned char *lookup_notes(const unsigned char *commit_sha1)
+void init_display_notes(struct display_notes_opt *opt)
 {
-       int index;
+       char *display_ref_env;
+       int load_config_refs = 0;
+       display_notes_refs.strdup_strings = 1;
+
+       assert(!display_notes_trees);
+
+       if (!opt || !opt->suppress_default_notes) {
+               string_list_append(default_notes_ref(), &display_notes_refs);
+               display_ref_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
+               if (display_ref_env) {
+                       string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(&display_notes_refs,
+                                                           display_ref_env);
+                       load_config_refs = 0;
+               } else
+                       load_config_refs = 1;
+       }
+
+       git_config(notes_display_config, &load_config_refs);
 
-       if (!hash_map.size)
-               return NULL;
+       if (opt && opt->extra_notes_refs)
+               for_each_string_list(string_list_add_refs_from_list,
+                                    opt->extra_notes_refs,
+                                    &display_notes_refs);
 
-       index = hash_index(&hash_map, commit_sha1);
-       if (index < 0)
-               return NULL;
-       return hash_map.entries[index].notes_sha1;
+       display_notes_trees = load_notes_trees(&display_notes_refs);
+       string_list_clear(&display_notes_refs, 0);
+}
+
+void add_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+               const unsigned char *note_sha1, combine_notes_fn combine_notes)
+{
+       struct leaf_node *l;
+
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       assert(t->initialized);
+       t->dirty = 1;
+       if (!combine_notes)
+               combine_notes = t->combine_notes;
+       l = (struct leaf_node *) xmalloc(sizeof(struct leaf_node));
+       hashcpy(l->key_sha1, object_sha1);
+       hashcpy(l->val_sha1, note_sha1);
+       note_tree_insert(t, t->root, 0, l, PTR_TYPE_NOTE, combine_notes);
+}
+
+void remove_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1)
+{
+       struct leaf_node l;
+
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       assert(t->initialized);
+       t->dirty = 1;
+       hashcpy(l.key_sha1, object_sha1);
+       hashclr(l.val_sha1);
+       note_tree_remove(t, t->root, 0, &l);
+}
+
+const unsigned char *get_note(struct notes_tree *t,
+               const unsigned char *object_sha1)
+{
+       struct leaf_node *found;
+
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       assert(t->initialized);
+       found = note_tree_find(t, t->root, 0, object_sha1);
+       return found ? found->val_sha1 : NULL;
+}
+
+int for_each_note(struct notes_tree *t, int flags, each_note_fn fn,
+               void *cb_data)
+{
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       assert(t->initialized);
+       return for_each_note_helper(t, t->root, 0, 0, flags, fn, cb_data);
 }
 
-void get_commit_notes(const struct commit *commit, struct strbuf *sb,
-               const char *output_encoding)
+int write_notes_tree(struct notes_tree *t, unsigned char *result)
 {
-       static const char *utf8 = "utf-8";
-       unsigned char *sha1;
+       struct tree_write_stack root;
+       struct write_each_note_data cb_data;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       assert(t->initialized);
+
+       /* Prepare for traversal of current notes tree */
+       root.next = NULL; /* last forward entry in list is grounded */
+       strbuf_init(&root.buf, 256 * (32 + 40)); /* assume 256 entries */
+       root.path[0] = root.path[1] = '\0';
+       cb_data.root = &root;
+       cb_data.next_non_note = t->first_non_note;
+
+       /* Write tree objects representing current notes tree */
+       ret = for_each_note(t, FOR_EACH_NOTE_DONT_UNPACK_SUBTREES |
+                               FOR_EACH_NOTE_YIELD_SUBTREES,
+                       write_each_note, &cb_data) ||
+               write_each_non_note_until(NULL, &cb_data) ||
+               tree_write_stack_finish_subtree(&root) ||
+               write_sha1_file(root.buf.buf, root.buf.len, tree_type, result);
+       strbuf_release(&root.buf);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+void prune_notes(struct notes_tree *t)
+{
+       struct note_delete_list *l = NULL;
+
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       assert(t->initialized);
+
+       for_each_note(t, 0, prune_notes_helper, &l);
+
+       while (l) {
+               remove_note(t, l->sha1);
+               l = l->next;
+       }
+}
+
+void free_notes(struct notes_tree *t)
+{
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       if (t->root)
+               note_tree_free(t->root);
+       free(t->root);
+       while (t->first_non_note) {
+               t->prev_non_note = t->first_non_note->next;
+               free(t->first_non_note->path);
+               free(t->first_non_note);
+               t->first_non_note = t->prev_non_note;
+       }
+       free(t->ref);
+       memset(t, 0, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
+}
+
+void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+               struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+{
+       static const char utf8[] = "utf-8";
+       const unsigned char *sha1;
        char *msg, *msg_p;
        unsigned long linelen, msglen;
        enum object_type type;
 
-       if (!initialized) {
-               const char *env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
-               if (env)
-                       notes_ref_name = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
-               else if (!notes_ref_name)
-                       notes_ref_name = GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF;
-               initialize_hash_map(notes_ref_name);
-               initialized = 1;
-       }
+       if (!t)
+               t = &default_notes_tree;
+       if (!t->initialized)
+               init_notes(t, NULL, NULL, 0);
 
-       sha1 = lookup_notes(commit->object.sha1);
+       sha1 = get_note(t, object_sha1);
        if (!sha1)
                return;
 
        if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &msglen)) || !msglen ||
-                       type != OBJ_BLOB)
+                       type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+               free(msg);
                return;
+       }
 
        if (output_encoding && *output_encoding &&
                        strcmp(utf8, output_encoding)) {
@@ -146,15 +1154,55 @@ void get_commit_notes(const struct commit *commit, struct strbuf *sb,
        if (msglen && msg[msglen - 1] == '\n')
                msglen--;
 
-       strbuf_addstr(sb, "\nNotes:\n");
+       if (flags & NOTES_SHOW_HEADER) {
+               const char *ref = t->ref;
+               if (!ref || !strcmp(ref, GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF)) {
+                       strbuf_addstr(sb, "\nNotes:\n");
+               } else {
+                       if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/"))
+                               ref += 5;
+                       if (!prefixcmp(ref, "notes/"))
+                               ref += 6;
+                       strbuf_addf(sb, "\nNotes (%s):\n", ref);
+               }
+       }
 
        for (msg_p = msg; msg_p < msg + msglen; msg_p += linelen + 1) {
                linelen = strchrnul(msg_p, '\n') - msg_p;
 
-               strbuf_addstr(sb, "    ");
+               if (flags & NOTES_INDENT)
+                       strbuf_addstr(sb, "    ");
                strbuf_add(sb, msg_p, linelen);
                strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
        }
 
        free(msg);
 }
+
+void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+                         struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+{
+       int i;
+       assert(display_notes_trees);
+       for (i = 0; display_notes_trees[i]; i++)
+               format_note(display_notes_trees[i], object_sha1, sb,
+                           output_encoding, flags);
+}
+
+int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
+             const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj,
+             int force, combine_notes_fn combine_fn)
+{
+       const unsigned char *note = get_note(t, from_obj);
+       const unsigned char *existing_note = get_note(t, to_obj);
+
+       if (!force && existing_note)
+               return 1;
+
+       if (note)
+               add_note(t, to_obj, note, combine_fn);
+       else if (existing_note)
+               add_note(t, to_obj, null_sha1, combine_fn);
+
+       return 0;
+}