SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git log' [<options>] [<
since>..<until>] [[\--] <path>...]
+'git log' [<options>] [<
revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Shows the commit logs.
-The command takes options applicable to the 'git rev-list'
+The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
-the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the changes
+the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
each commit introduces are shown.
OPTIONS
-------
-<since>..<until>::
- Show only commits between the named two commits. When
- either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to
- `HEAD`, i.e. the tip of the current branch.
- For a more complete list of ways to spell <since>
- and <until>, see linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
-
--follow::
Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
(works only for a single file).
--use-mailmap::
Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
- to canonical real names and email addresses. See
+ addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
--full-diff::
- Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that
+ Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
+
Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
-produced by --stat etc.
+produced by `--stat`, etc.
--log-size::
- Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended
- mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If Git is unable to
- produce a valid value size is set to zero.
- Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown
- its size is not included.
+ Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
+ where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
+ Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
+ output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
+
+-L <start>,<end>:<file>::
+-L :<regex>:<file>::
+ Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
+ (or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>. You may
+ not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
+ a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
+ give zero or one positive revision arguments.
+ You can specify this option more than once.
++
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
+
+<revision range>::
+ Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
+ <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+ whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
+ specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+ (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+ ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
+ section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
[\--] <path>...::
Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
- that match the specified paths came to be. See "History
- Simplification" below for details and other simplification
+ that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
+ Simplification' below for details and other simplification
modes.
+
-To prevent confusion with options and branch names, paths may need to
-be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from options or refnames.
+Paths may need to be prefixed with ``\-- '' to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
include::rev-list-options.txt[]
include::pretty-formats.txt[]
-Common diff options
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
-------------------
:git-log: 1
include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
-Examples
+EXAMPLES
--------
`git log --no-merges`::
`git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
- in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+ in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
`git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
- The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
+ The ``--'' is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
'gitk'
`git log --name-status release..test`::
in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
each commit modifies.
-`git log --follow builtin-rev-list.c`::
+`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
- Shows the commits that changed builtin-rev-list.c, including
+ Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
those commits that occurred before the file was given its
present name.
`git log -p -m --first-parent`::
Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
- "main branch" perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
+ ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
+`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
+
+ Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
+ over time.
+
`git log -3`::
+
Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
-Discussion
+DISCUSSION
----------
include::i18n.txt[]
-Configuration
+CONFIGURATION
-------------
See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
for settings related to diff generation.
format.pretty::
- Default for the `--format` option. (See "PRETTY FORMATS" above.)
- Defaults to "medium".
+ Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
+ Defaults to `medium`.
i18n.logOutputEncoding::
- Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See "Discussion", above.)
- Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, UTF-8
+ Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
+ Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
otherwise.
log.date::
dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
log.showroot::
- If `false`, 'git log' and related commands will not treat the
+ If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
`git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
The default is `true`.
notes.displayRef::
Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
or 'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit
- messages with the 'log' family of commands. See
+ messages with the `log` family of commands. See
linkgit:git-notes[1].
+
May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified