i18n: unpack-trees: avoid substituting only a verb in sentences
[gitweb.git] / builtin / checkout.c
index a94b553d054b28eee83ce6b9bd54be4659279239..efcbd8f6b5e0b7d551c88c02b6d7d3069a47944d 100644 (file)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "submodule-config.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const checkout_usage[] = {
-       "git checkout [options] <branch>",
-       "git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>...",
+       N_("git checkout [<options>] <branch>"),
+       N_("git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."),
        NULL,
 };
 
 struct checkout_opts {
+       int patch_mode;
        int quiet;
        int merge;
        int force;
        int force_detach;
        int writeout_stage;
-       int writeout_error;
-
-       /* not set by parse_options */
-       int branch_exists;
+       int overwrite_ignore;
+       int ignore_skipworktree;
+       int ignore_other_worktrees;
+       int show_progress;
 
        const char *new_branch;
        const char *new_branch_force;
@@ -43,46 +45,67 @@ struct checkout_opts {
        int new_branch_log;
        enum branch_track track;
        struct diff_options diff_options;
+
+       int branch_exists;
+       const char *prefix;
+       struct pathspec pathspec;
+       struct tree *source_tree;
 };
 
 static int post_checkout_hook(struct commit *old, struct commit *new,
                              int changed)
 {
-       return run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout",
-                       sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
-                       sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
-                       changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+       return run_hook_le(NULL, "post-checkout",
+                          sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.oid.hash : null_sha1),
+                          sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.oid.hash : null_sha1),
+                          changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
        /* "new" can be NULL when checking out from the index before
           a commit exists. */
 
 }
 
-static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
+static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
                const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
        int len;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
+       int pos;
 
        if (S_ISDIR(mode))
                return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
 
-       len = baselen + strlen(pathname);
+       len = base->len + strlen(pathname);
        ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
        hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
-       memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
-       memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len - baselen);
-       ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0);
+       memcpy(ce->name, base->buf, base->len);
+       memcpy(ce->name + base->len, pathname, len - base->len);
+       ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0) | CE_UPDATE;
+       ce->ce_namelen = len;
        ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+
+       /*
+        * If the entry is the same as the current index, we can leave the old
+        * entry in place. Whether it is UPTODATE or not, checkout_entry will
+        * do the right thing.
+        */
+       pos = cache_name_pos(ce->name, ce->ce_namelen);
+       if (pos >= 0) {
+               struct cache_entry *old = active_cache[pos];
+               if (ce->ce_mode == old->ce_mode &&
+                   !hashcmp(ce->sha1, old->sha1)) {
+                       old->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE;
+                       free(ce);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       }
+
        add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
+static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-       struct pathspec ps;
-       init_pathspec(&ps, pathspec);
-       read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &ps, update_some, NULL);
-       free_pathspec(&ps);
+       read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, update_some, NULL);
 
        /* update the index with the given tree's info
         * for all args, expanding wildcards, and exit
@@ -91,7 +114,7 @@ static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int skip_same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
        while (++pos < active_nr &&
               !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name))
@@ -99,7 +122,7 @@ static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
        return pos;
 }
 
-static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stage(int stage, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
        while (pos < active_nr &&
               !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name)) {
@@ -113,16 +136,21 @@ static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
                return error(_("path '%s' does not have their version"), ce->name);
 }
 
-static int check_all_stages(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stages(unsigned stages, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
-       if (ce_stage(ce) != 1 ||
-           active_nr <= pos + 2 ||
-           strcmp(active_cache[pos+1]->name, ce->name) ||
-           ce_stage(active_cache[pos+1]) != 2 ||
-           strcmp(active_cache[pos+2]->name, ce->name) ||
-           ce_stage(active_cache[pos+2]) != 3)
-               return error(_("path '%s' does not have all three versions"),
-                            ce->name);
+       unsigned seen = 0;
+       const char *name = ce->name;
+
+       while (pos < active_nr) {
+               ce = active_cache[pos];
+               if (strcmp(name, ce->name))
+                       break;
+               seen |= (1 << ce_stage(ce));
+               pos++;
+       }
+       if ((stages & seen) != stages)
+               return error(_("path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"),
+                            name);
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -149,18 +177,27 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, struct checkout *state)
        int status;
        unsigned char sha1[20];
        mmbuffer_t result_buf;
+       unsigned char threeway[3][20];
+       unsigned mode = 0;
+
+       memset(threeway, 0, sizeof(threeway));
+       while (pos < active_nr) {
+               int stage;
+               stage = ce_stage(ce);
+               if (!stage || strcmp(path, ce->name))
+                       break;
+               hashcpy(threeway[stage - 1], ce->sha1);
+               if (stage == 2)
+                       mode = create_ce_mode(ce->ce_mode);
+               pos++;
+               ce = active_cache[pos];
+       }
+       if (is_null_sha1(threeway[1]) || is_null_sha1(threeway[2]))
+               return error(_("path '%s' does not have necessary versions"), path);
 
-       if (ce_stage(ce) != 1 ||
-           active_nr <= pos + 2 ||
-           strcmp(active_cache[pos+1]->name, path) ||
-           ce_stage(active_cache[pos+1]) != 2 ||
-           strcmp(active_cache[pos+2]->name, path) ||
-           ce_stage(active_cache[pos+2]) != 3)
-               return error(_("path '%s' does not have all 3 versions"), path);
-
-       read_mmblob(&ancestor, active_cache[pos]->sha1);
-       read_mmblob(&ours, active_cache[pos+1]->sha1);
-       read_mmblob(&theirs, active_cache[pos+2]->sha1);
+       read_mmblob(&ancestor, threeway[0]);
+       read_mmblob(&ours, threeway[1]);
+       read_mmblob(&theirs, threeway[2]);
 
        /*
         * NEEDSWORK: re-create conflicts from merges with
@@ -191,17 +228,15 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, struct checkout *state)
        if (write_sha1_file(result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size,
                            blob_type, sha1))
                die(_("Unable to add merge result for '%s'"), path);
-       ce = make_cache_entry(create_ce_mode(active_cache[pos+1]->ce_mode),
-                             sha1,
-                             path, 2, 0);
+       ce = make_cache_entry(mode, sha1, path, 2, 0);
        if (!ce)
                die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"), path);
        status = checkout_entry(ce, state, NULL);
        return status;
 }
 
-static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
-                         const char *prefix, struct checkout_opts *opts)
+static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+                         const char *revision)
 {
        int pos;
        struct checkout state;
@@ -210,46 +245,103 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
        int flag;
        struct commit *head;
        int errs = 0;
-       int stage = opts->writeout_stage;
-       int merge = opts->merge;
-       int newfd;
-       struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+       struct lock_file *lock_file;
 
-       newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-       if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+       if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "--track");
+
+       if (opts->new_branch_log)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "-l");
+
+       if (opts->force && opts->patch_mode)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "-f");
+
+       if (opts->force_detach)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "--detach");
+
+       if (opts->merge && opts->patch_mode)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with %s"), "--merge", "--patch");
+
+       if (opts->force && opts->merge)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with %s"), "-f", "-m");
+
+       if (opts->new_branch)
+               die(_("Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."),
+                   opts->new_branch);
+
+       if (opts->patch_mode)
+               return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout",
+                                          &opts->pathspec);
+
+       lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+       hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+       if (read_cache_preload(&opts->pathspec) < 0)
                return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
-       if (source_tree)
-               read_tree_some(source_tree, pathspec);
+       if (opts->source_tree)
+               read_tree_some(opts->source_tree, &opts->pathspec);
 
-       for (pos = 0; pathspec[pos]; pos++)
-               ;
-       ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pos);
+       ps_matched = xcalloc(opts->pathspec.nr, 1);
 
+       /*
+        * Make sure all pathspecs participated in locating the paths
+        * to be checked out.
+        */
        for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
                struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-               match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, ps_matched);
+               ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_MATCHED;
+               if (!opts->ignore_skipworktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+                       continue;
+               if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+                       /*
+                        * "git checkout tree-ish -- path", but this entry
+                        * is in the original index; it will not be checked
+                        * out to the working tree and it does not matter
+                        * if pathspec matched this entry.  We will not do
+                        * anything to this entry at all.
+                        */
+                       continue;
+               /*
+                * Either this entry came from the tree-ish we are
+                * checking the paths out of, or we are checking out
+                * of the index.
+                *
+                * If it comes from the tree-ish, we already know it
+                * matches the pathspec and could just stamp
+                * CE_MATCHED to it from update_some(). But we still
+                * need ps_matched and read_tree_recursive (and
+                * eventually tree_entry_interesting) cannot fill
+                * ps_matched yet. Once it can, we can avoid calling
+                * match_pathspec() for _all_ entries when
+                * opts->source_tree != NULL.
+                */
+               if (ce_path_match(ce, &opts->pathspec, ps_matched))
+                       ce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
        }
 
-       if (report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix))
+       if (report_path_error(ps_matched, &opts->pathspec, opts->prefix)) {
+               free(ps_matched);
                return 1;
+       }
+       free(ps_matched);
 
        /* "checkout -m path" to recreate conflicted state */
        if (opts->merge)
-               unmerge_cache(pathspec);
+               unmerge_marked_index(&the_index);
 
        /* Any unmerged paths? */
        for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-               struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-               if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+               const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+               if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
                        if (!ce_stage(ce))
                                continue;
                        if (opts->force) {
                                warning(_("path '%s' is unmerged"), ce->name);
-                       } else if (stage) {
-                               errs |= check_stage(stage, ce, pos);
+                       } else if (opts->writeout_stage) {
+                               errs |= check_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos);
                        } else if (opts->merge) {
-                               errs |= check_all_stages(ce, pos);
+                               errs |= check_stages((1<<2) | (1<<3), ce, pos);
                        } else {
                                errs = 1;
                                error(_("path '%s' is unmerged"), ce->name);
@@ -264,41 +356,41 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
        memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
        state.force = 1;
        state.refresh_cache = 1;
+       state.istate = &the_index;
        for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
                struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-               if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+               if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
                        if (!ce_stage(ce)) {
                                errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
                                continue;
                        }
-                       if (stage)
-                               errs |= checkout_stage(stage, ce, pos, &state);
-                       else if (merge)
+                       if (opts->writeout_stage)
+                               errs |= checkout_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos, &state);
+                       else if (opts->merge)
                                errs |= checkout_merged(pos, &state);
                        pos = skip_same_name(ce, pos) - 1;
                }
        }
 
-       if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-           commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
                die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
-       resolve_ref("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
+       read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, rev, &flag);
        head = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
 
        errs |= post_checkout_hook(head, head, 0);
        return errs;
 }
 
-static void show_local_changes(struct object *head, struct diff_options *opts)
+static void show_local_changes(struct object *head,
+                              const struct diff_options *opts)
 {
        struct rev_info rev;
        /* I think we want full paths, even if we're in a subdirectory. */
        init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
        rev.diffopt.flags = opts->flags;
        rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
-       if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
-               die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+       diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
        add_pending_object(&rev, head, NULL);
        run_diff_index(&rev, 0);
 }
@@ -306,14 +398,15 @@ static void show_local_changes(struct object *head, struct diff_options *opts)
 static void describe_detached_head(const char *msg, struct commit *commit)
 {
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-       parse_commit(commit);
-       pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb);
+       if (!parse_commit(commit))
+               pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb);
        fprintf(stderr, "%s %s... %s\n", msg,
-               find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV), sb.buf);
+               find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV), sb.buf);
        strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, struct checkout_opts *o, int worktree)
+static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, const struct checkout_opts *o,
+                     int worktree, int *writeout_error)
 {
        struct unpack_trees_options opts;
        struct tree_desc tree_desc;
@@ -325,14 +418,14 @@ static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, struct checkout_opts *o, int worktree)
        opts.reset = 1;
        opts.merge = 1;
        opts.fn = oneway_merge;
-       opts.verbose_update = !o->quiet;
+       opts.verbose_update = o->show_progress;
        opts.src_index = &the_index;
        opts.dst_index = &the_index;
        parse_tree(tree);
        init_tree_desc(&tree_desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
        switch (unpack_trees(1, &tree_desc, &opts)) {
        case -2:
-               o->writeout_error = 1;
+               *writeout_error = 1;
                /*
                 * We return 0 nevertheless, as the index is all right
                 * and more importantly we have made best efforts to
@@ -350,6 +443,11 @@ struct branch_info {
        const char *name; /* The short name used */
        const char *path; /* The full name of a real branch */
        struct commit *commit; /* The named commit */
+       /*
+        * if not null the branch is detached because it's already
+        * checked out in this checkout
+        */
+       char *checkout;
 };
 
 static void setup_branch_path(struct branch_info *branch)
@@ -363,19 +461,21 @@ static void setup_branch_path(struct branch_info *branch)
        branch->path = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
-static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
-                             struct branch_info *old, struct branch_info *new)
+static int merge_working_tree(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+                             struct branch_info *old,
+                             struct branch_info *new,
+                             int *writeout_error)
 {
        int ret;
        struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-       int newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
 
+       hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
        if (read_cache_preload(NULL) < 0)
                return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
        resolve_undo_clear();
        if (opts->force) {
-               ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+               ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1, writeout_error);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        } else {
@@ -402,16 +502,18 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                topts.update = 1;
                topts.merge = 1;
                topts.gently = opts->merge && old->commit;
-               topts.verbose_update = !opts->quiet;
+               topts.verbose_update = opts->show_progress;
                topts.fn = twoway_merge;
-               topts.dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*topts.dir));
-               topts.dir->flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
-               topts.dir->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
+               if (opts->overwrite_ignore) {
+                       topts.dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*topts.dir));
+                       topts.dir->flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+                       setup_standard_excludes(topts.dir);
+               }
                tree = parse_tree_indirect(old->commit ?
-                                          old->commit->object.sha1 :
+                                          old->commit->object.oid.hash :
                                           EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
                init_tree_desc(&trees[0], tree->buffer, tree->size);
-               tree = parse_tree_indirect(new->commit->object.sha1);
+               tree = parse_tree_indirect(new->commit->object.oid.hash);
                init_tree_desc(&trees[1], tree->buffer, tree->size);
 
                ret = unpack_trees(2, trees, &topts);
@@ -459,7 +561,8 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                        o.verbosity = 0;
                        work = write_tree_from_memory(&o);
 
-                       ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+                       ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1,
+                                        writeout_error);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                        o.ancestor = old->name;
@@ -467,14 +570,20 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                        o.branch2 = "local";
                        merge_trees(&o, new->commit->tree, work,
                                old->commit->tree, &result);
-                       ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0);
+                       ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0,
+                                        writeout_error);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
        }
 
-       if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-           commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+       if (!active_cache_tree)
+               active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+
+       if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
+               cache_tree_update(&the_index, WRITE_TREE_SILENT | WRITE_TREE_REPAIR);
+
+       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
                die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
        if (!opts->force && !opts->quiet)
@@ -494,74 +603,74 @@ static void report_tracking(struct branch_info *new)
        strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static void detach_advice(const char *old_path, const char *new_name)
-{
-       const char fmt[] =
-       "Note: checking out '%s'.\n\n"
-       "You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental\n"
-       "changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this\n"
-       "state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.\n\n"
-       "If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may\n"
-       "do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:\n\n"
-       "  git checkout -b new_branch_name\n\n";
-
-       fprintf(stderr, fmt, new_name);
-}
-
-static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+static void update_refs_for_switch(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
                                   struct branch_info *old,
                                   struct branch_info *new)
 {
        struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-       const char *old_desc;
+       const char *old_desc, *reflog_msg;
        if (opts->new_branch) {
                if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
                        if (opts->new_branch_log && !log_all_ref_updates) {
-                               int temp;
-                               char log_file[PATH_MAX];
-                               char *ref_name = mkpath("refs/heads/%s", opts->new_orphan_branch);
-
-                               temp = log_all_ref_updates;
-                               log_all_ref_updates = 1;
-                               if (log_ref_setup(ref_name, log_file, sizeof(log_file))) {
-                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"),
-                                           opts->new_orphan_branch);
-                                       log_all_ref_updates = temp;
+                               int ret;
+                               char *refname;
+                               struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+                               refname = mkpathdup("refs/heads/%s", opts->new_orphan_branch);
+                               ret = safe_create_reflog(refname, 1, &err);
+                               free(refname);
+                               if (ret) {
+                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Can not do reflog for '%s': %s\n"),
+                                               opts->new_orphan_branch, err.buf);
+                                       strbuf_release(&err);
                                        return;
                                }
-                               log_all_ref_updates = temp;
+                               strbuf_release(&err);
                        }
                }
                else
                        create_branch(old->name, opts->new_branch, new->name,
                                      opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
-                                     opts->new_branch_log, opts->track);
+                                     opts->new_branch_log,
+                                     opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
+                                     opts->quiet,
+                                     opts->track);
                new->name = opts->new_branch;
                setup_branch_path(new);
        }
 
        old_desc = old->name;
        if (!old_desc && old->commit)
-               old_desc = sha1_to_hex(old->commit->object.sha1);
-       strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
-                   old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+               old_desc = oid_to_hex(&old->commit->object.oid);
+
+       reflog_msg = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+       if (!reflog_msg)
+               strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
+                       old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+       else
+               strbuf_insert(&msg, 0, reflog_msg, strlen(reflog_msg));
 
        if (!strcmp(new->name, "HEAD") && !new->path && !opts->force_detach) {
                /* Nothing to do. */
        } else if (opts->force_detach || !new->path) {  /* No longer on any branch. */
-               update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", new->commit->object.sha1, NULL,
-                          REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
+               update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", new->commit->object.oid.hash, NULL,
+                          REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
                if (!opts->quiet) {
                        if (old->path && advice_detached_head)
-                               detach_advice(old->path, new->name);
+                               detach_advice(new->name);
                        describe_detached_head(_("HEAD is now at"), new->commit);
                }
        } else if (new->path) { /* Switch branches. */
-               create_symref("HEAD", new->path, msg.buf);
+               if (create_symref("HEAD", new->path, msg.buf) < 0)
+                       die(_("unable to update HEAD"));
                if (!opts->quiet) {
                        if (old->path && !strcmp(new->path, old->path)) {
-                               fprintf(stderr, _("Already on '%s'\n"),
-                                       new->name);
+                               if (opts->new_branch_force)
+                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Reset branch '%s'\n"),
+                                               new->name);
+                               else
+                                       fprintf(stderr, _("Already on '%s'\n"),
+                                               new->name);
                        } else if (opts->new_branch) {
                                if (opts->branch_exists)
                                        fprintf(stderr, _("Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"), new->name);
@@ -573,12 +682,8 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                        }
                }
                if (old->path && old->name) {
-                       char log_file[PATH_MAX], ref_file[PATH_MAX];
-
-                       git_snpath(log_file, sizeof(log_file), "logs/%s", old->path);
-                       git_snpath(ref_file, sizeof(ref_file), "%s", old->path);
-                       if (!file_exists(ref_file) && file_exists(log_file))
-                               remove_path(log_file);
+                       if (!ref_exists(old->path) && reflog_exists(old->path))
+                               delete_reflog(old->path);
                }
        }
        remove_branch_state();
@@ -588,46 +693,22 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
                report_tracking(new);
 }
 
-struct rev_list_args {
-       int argc;
-       int alloc;
-       const char **argv;
-};
-
-static void add_one_rev_list_arg(struct rev_list_args *args, const char *s)
-{
-       ALLOC_GROW(args->argv, args->argc + 1, args->alloc);
-       args->argv[args->argc++] = s;
-}
-
-static int add_one_ref_to_rev_list_arg(const char *refname,
-                                      const unsigned char *sha1,
-                                      int flags,
-                                      void *cb_data)
+static int add_pending_uninteresting_ref(const char *refname,
+                                        const struct object_id *oid,
+                                        int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
-       add_one_rev_list_arg(cb_data, refname);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static int clear_commit_marks_from_one_ref(const char *refname,
-                                     const unsigned char *sha1,
-                                     int flags,
-                                     void *cb_data)
-{
-       struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
-       if (commit)
-               clear_commit_marks(commit, -1);
+       add_pending_sha1(cb_data, refname, oid->hash, UNINTERESTING);
        return 0;
 }
 
 static void describe_one_orphan(struct strbuf *sb, struct commit *commit)
 {
-       parse_commit(commit);
        strbuf_addstr(sb, "  ");
        strbuf_addstr(sb,
-               find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+               find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
        strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-       pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, sb);
+       if (!parse_commit(commit))
+               pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, sb);
        strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
@@ -657,24 +738,32 @@ static void suggest_reattach(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *revs)
                "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, "
                "not connected to\n"
                "any of your branches:\n\n"
-               "%s\n"
-               "If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, "
-               "this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
-               " git branch new_branch_name %s\n\n",
+               "%s\n",
                /* The plural version */
                "Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, "
                "not connected to\n"
                "any of your branches:\n\n"
-               "%s\n"
-               "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, "
-               "this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
-               " git branch new_branch_name %s\n\n",
+               "%s\n",
                /* Give ngettext() the count */
                lost),
                lost,
-               sb.buf,
-               sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+               sb.buf);
        strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+       if (advice_detached_head)
+               fprintf(stderr,
+                       Q_(
+                       /* The singular version */
+                       "If you want to keep it by creating a new branch, "
+                       "this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
+                       " git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n\n",
+                       /* The plural version */
+                       "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, "
+                       "this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
+                       " git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n\n",
+                       /* Give ngettext() the count */
+                       lost),
+                       find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -682,69 +771,74 @@ static void suggest_reattach(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *revs)
  * HEAD.  If it is not reachable from any ref, this is the last chance
  * for the user to do so without resorting to reflog.
  */
-static void orphaned_commit_warning(struct commit *commit)
+static void orphaned_commit_warning(struct commit *old, struct commit *new)
 {
-       struct rev_list_args args = { 0, 0, NULL };
        struct rev_info revs;
-
-       add_one_rev_list_arg(&args, "(internal)");
-       add_one_rev_list_arg(&args, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-       add_one_rev_list_arg(&args, "--not");
-       for_each_ref(add_one_ref_to_rev_list_arg, &args);
-       add_one_rev_list_arg(&args, "--");
-       add_one_rev_list_arg(&args, NULL);
+       struct object *object = &old->object;
+       struct object_array refs;
 
        init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-       if (setup_revisions(args.argc - 1, args.argv, &revs, NULL) != 1)
-               die(_("internal error: only -- alone should have been left"));
+       setup_revisions(0, NULL, &revs, NULL);
+
+       object->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
+       add_pending_object(&revs, object, oid_to_hex(&object->oid));
+
+       for_each_ref(add_pending_uninteresting_ref, &revs);
+       add_pending_sha1(&revs, "HEAD", new->object.oid.hash, UNINTERESTING);
+
+       refs = revs.pending;
+       revs.leak_pending = 1;
+
        if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
                die(_("internal error in revision walk"));
-       if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
-               suggest_reattach(commit, &revs);
+       if (!(old->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+               suggest_reattach(old, &revs);
        else
-               describe_detached_head(_("Previous HEAD position was"), commit);
+               describe_detached_head(_("Previous HEAD position was"), old);
 
-       clear_commit_marks(commit, -1);
-       for_each_ref(clear_commit_marks_from_one_ref, NULL);
+       clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(&refs, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+       free(refs.objects);
 }
 
-static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
+static int switch_branches(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+                          struct branch_info *new)
 {
        int ret = 0;
        struct branch_info old;
+       void *path_to_free;
        unsigned char rev[20];
-       int flag;
+       int flag, writeout_error = 0;
        memset(&old, 0, sizeof(old));
-       old.path = xstrdup(resolve_ref("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag));
+       old.path = path_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, rev, &flag);
        old.commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
-       if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF)) {
-               free((char *)old.path);
+       if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
                old.path = NULL;
-       }
 
-       if (old.path && !prefixcmp(old.path, "refs/heads/"))
-               old.name = old.path + strlen("refs/heads/");
+       if (old.path)
+               skip_prefix(old.path, "refs/heads/", &old.name);
 
        if (!new->name) {
                new->name = "HEAD";
                new->commit = old.commit;
                if (!new->commit)
                        die(_("You are on a branch yet to be born"));
-               parse_commit(new->commit);
+               parse_commit_or_die(new->commit);
        }
 
-       ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new);
-       if (ret)
+       ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new, &writeout_error);
+       if (ret) {
+               free(path_to_free);
                return ret;
+       }
 
        if (!opts->quiet && !old.path && old.commit && new->commit != old.commit)
-               orphaned_commit_warning(old.commit);
+               orphaned_commit_warning(old.commit, new->commit);
 
        update_refs_for_switch(opts, &old, new);
 
        ret = post_checkout_hook(old.commit, new->commit, 1);
-       free((char *)old.path);
-       return ret || opts->writeout_error;
+       free(path_to_free);
+       return ret || writeout_error;
 }
 
 static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
@@ -755,65 +849,67 @@ static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
                return 0;
        }
 
-       if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+       if (starts_with(var, "submodule."))
                return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
 
        return git_xmerge_config(var, value, NULL);
 }
 
-static int interactive_checkout(const char *revision, const char **pathspec,
-                               struct checkout_opts *opts)
-{
-       return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout", pathspec);
-}
-
 struct tracking_name_data {
-       const char *name;
-       char *remote;
+       /* const */ char *src_ref;
+       char *dst_ref;
+       unsigned char *dst_sha1;
        int unique;
 };
 
-static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-                              int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int check_tracking_name(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
 {
        struct tracking_name_data *cb = cb_data;
-       const char *slash;
-
-       if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+       struct refspec query;
+       memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+       query.src = cb->src_ref;
+       if (remote_find_tracking(remote, &query) ||
+           get_sha1(query.dst, cb->dst_sha1)) {
+               free(query.dst);
                return 0;
-       slash = strchr(refname + 13, '/');
-       if (!slash || strcmp(slash + 1, cb->name))
-               return 0;
-       if (cb->remote) {
+       }
+       if (cb->dst_ref) {
+               free(query.dst);
                cb->unique = 0;
                return 0;
        }
-       cb->remote = xstrdup(refname);
+       cb->dst_ref = query.dst;
        return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
+static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-       struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, 1 };
-       cb_data.name = name;
-       for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
+       struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, NULL, 1 };
+       char src_ref[PATH_MAX];
+       snprintf(src_ref, PATH_MAX, "refs/heads/%s", name);
+       cb_data.src_ref = src_ref;
+       cb_data.dst_sha1 = sha1;
+       for_each_remote(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
        if (cb_data.unique)
-               return cb_data.remote;
-       free(cb_data.remote);
+               return cb_data.dst_ref;
+       free(cb_data.dst_ref);
        return NULL;
 }
 
 static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
                                int dwim_new_local_branch_ok,
                                struct branch_info *new,
-                               struct tree **source_tree,
-                               unsigned char rev[20],
-                               const char **new_branch)
+                               struct checkout_opts *opts,
+                               unsigned char rev[20])
 {
+       struct tree **source_tree = &opts->source_tree;
+       const char **new_branch = &opts->new_branch;
        int argcount = 0;
        unsigned char branch_rev[20];
        const char *arg;
-       int has_dash_dash;
+       int dash_dash_pos;
+       int has_dash_dash = 0;
+       int i;
 
        /*
         * case 1: git checkout <ref> -- [<paths>]
@@ -825,20 +921,30 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
         *
         *   everything after the '--' must be paths.
         *
-        * case 3: git checkout <something> [<paths>]
+        * case 3: git checkout <something> [--]
+        *
+        *   (a) If <something> is a commit, that is to
+        *       switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
+        *       if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
+        *       omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
+        *       between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
+        *
+        *   (b) If <something> is _not_ a commit, either "--" is present
+        *       or <something> is not a path, no -t or -b was given, and
+        *       and there is a tracking branch whose name is <something>
+        *       in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand to
+        *       fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
+        *
+        *   (c) Otherwise, if "--" is present, treat it like case (1).
         *
-        *   With no paths, if <something> is a commit, that is to
-        *   switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
-        *   if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
-        *   omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
-        *   between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
+        *   (d) Otherwise :
+        *       - if it's a reference, treat it like case (1)
+        *       - else if it's a path, treat it like case (2)
+        *       - else: fail.
         *
-        *   With no paths, if <something> is _not_ a commit, no -t nor -b
-        *   was given, and there is a tracking branch whose name is
-        *   <something> in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand
-        *   to fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
+        * case 4: git checkout <something> <paths>
         *
-        *   Otherwise <something> shall not be ambiguous.
+        *   The first argument must not be ambiguous.
         *   - If it's *only* a reference, treat it like case (1).
         *   - If it's only a path, treat it like case (2).
         *   - else: fail.
@@ -847,28 +953,60 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
        if (!argc)
                return 0;
 
-       if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--"))     /* case (2) */
-               return 1;
-
        arg = argv[0];
-       has_dash_dash = (argc > 1) && !strcmp(argv[1], "--");
+       dash_dash_pos = -1;
+       for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+               if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+                       dash_dash_pos = i;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       if (dash_dash_pos == 0)
+               return 1; /* case (2) */
+       else if (dash_dash_pos == 1)
+               has_dash_dash = 1; /* case (3) or (1) */
+       else if (dash_dash_pos >= 2)
+               die(_("only one reference expected, %d given."), dash_dash_pos);
 
        if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
                arg = "@{-1}";
 
        if (get_sha1_mb(arg, rev)) {
-               if (has_dash_dash)          /* case (1) */
-                       die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
-               if (dwim_new_local_branch_ok &&
-                   !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
-                   argc == 1) {
-                       const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
-                       if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
-                               return argcount;
-                       *new_branch = arg;
-                       arg = remote;
-                       /* DWIMmed to create local branch */
-               } else {
+               /*
+                * Either case (3) or (4), with <something> not being
+                * a commit, or an attempt to use case (1) with an
+                * invalid ref.
+                *
+                * It's likely an error, but we need to find out if
+                * we should auto-create the branch, case (3).(b).
+                */
+               int recover_with_dwim = dwim_new_local_branch_ok;
+
+               if (!has_dash_dash &&
+                   (check_filename(NULL, arg) || !no_wildcard(arg)))
+                       recover_with_dwim = 0;
+               /*
+                * Accept "git checkout foo" and "git checkout foo --"
+                * as candidates for dwim.
+                */
+               if (!(argc == 1 && !has_dash_dash) &&
+                   !(argc == 2 && has_dash_dash))
+                       recover_with_dwim = 0;
+
+               if (recover_with_dwim) {
+                       const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg, rev);
+                       if (remote) {
+                               *new_branch = arg;
+                               arg = remote;
+                               /* DWIMmed to create local branch, case (3).(b) */
+                       } else {
+                               recover_with_dwim = 0;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (!recover_with_dwim) {
+                       if (has_dash_dash)
+                               die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
                        return argcount;
                }
        }
@@ -881,8 +1019,8 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
        new->name = arg;
        setup_branch_path(new);
 
-       if (check_ref_format(new->path) == CHECK_REF_FORMAT_OK &&
-           resolve_ref(new->path, branch_rev, 1, NULL))
+       if (!check_refname_format(new->path, 0) &&
+           !read_ref(new->path, branch_rev))
                hashcpy(rev, branch_rev);
        else
                new->path = NULL; /* not an existing branch */
@@ -892,13 +1030,13 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
                /* not a commit */
                *source_tree = parse_tree_indirect(rev);
        } else {
-               parse_commit(new->commit);
+               parse_commit_or_die(new->commit);
                *source_tree = new->commit->tree;
        }
 
        if (!*source_tree)                   /* case (1): want a tree */
                die(_("reference is not a tree: %s"), arg);
-       if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3 -> 1) */
+       if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3).(d) -> (1) */
                /*
                 * Do not complain the most common case
                 *      git checkout branch
@@ -916,7 +1054,7 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
        return argcount;
 }
 
-static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts)
+static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(const struct checkout_opts *opts)
 {
        int status;
        struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -926,46 +1064,110 @@ static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts)
        strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", opts->new_branch);
        status = create_symref("HEAD", branch_ref.buf, "checkout -b");
        strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
+       if (!opts->quiet)
+               fprintf(stderr, _("Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"),
+                       opts->new_branch);
        return status;
 }
 
+static int checkout_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+                          struct branch_info *new)
+{
+       if (opts->pathspec.nr)
+               die(_("paths cannot be used with switching branches"));
+
+       if (opts->patch_mode)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"),
+                   "--patch");
+
+       if (opts->writeout_stage)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"),
+                   "--ours/--theirs");
+
+       if (opts->force && opts->merge)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "-f", "-m");
+
+       if (opts->force_detach && opts->new_branch)
+               die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"),
+                   "--detach", "-b/-B/--orphan");
+
+       if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
+               if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+                       die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "--orphan", "-t");
+       } else if (opts->force_detach) {
+               if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+                       die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "--detach", "-t");
+       } else if (opts->track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+               opts->track = git_branch_track;
+
+       if (new->name && !new->commit)
+               die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"),
+                   new->name);
+
+       if (new->path && !opts->force_detach && !opts->new_branch &&
+           !opts->ignore_other_worktrees) {
+               unsigned char sha1[20];
+               int flag;
+               char *head_ref = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, sha1, &flag);
+               if (head_ref &&
+                   (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF) || strcmp(head_ref, new->path)))
+                       die_if_checked_out(new->path);
+               free(head_ref);
+       }
+
+       if (!new->commit && opts->new_branch) {
+               unsigned char rev[20];
+               int flag;
+
+               if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, rev, &flag) &&
+                   (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && is_null_sha1(rev))
+                       return switch_unborn_to_new_branch(opts);
+       }
+       return switch_branches(opts, new);
+}
+
 int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
        struct checkout_opts opts;
-       unsigned char rev[20];
        struct branch_info new;
-       struct tree *source_tree = NULL;
        char *conflict_style = NULL;
-       int patch_mode = 0;
        int dwim_new_local_branch = 1;
        struct option options[] = {
-               OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
-               OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "branch",
-                          "create and checkout a new branch"),
-               OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, "branch",
-                          "create/reset and checkout a branch"),
-               OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, "create reflog for new branch"),
-               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, "detach the HEAD at named commit"),
-               OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, "set upstream info for new branch",
+               OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+               OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, N_("branch"),
+                          N_("create and checkout a new branch")),
+               OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, N_("branch"),
+                          N_("create/reset and checkout a branch")),
+               OPT_BOOL('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
+               OPT_BOOL(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach the HEAD at named commit")),
+               OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, N_("set upstream info for new branch"),
                        BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
-               OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, "new branch", "new unparented branch"),
-               OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout our version for unmerged files",
+               OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, N_("new-branch"), N_("new unparented branch")),
+               OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout our version for unmerged files"),
                            2),
-               OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout their version for unmerged files",
+               OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout their version for unmerged files"),
                            3),
-               OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"),
-               OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"),
-               OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, "style",
-                          "conflict style (merge or diff3)"),
-               OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
-               { OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch, NULL,
-                 "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'",
-                 PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+               OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, N_("force checkout (throw away local modifications)")),
+               OPT_BOOL('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
+               OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
+               OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, N_("style"),
+                          N_("conflict style (merge or diff3)")),
+               OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+               OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-skip-worktree-bits", &opts.ignore_skipworktree,
+                        N_("do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only")),
+               OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch,
+                               N_("second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'")),
+               OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-other-worktrees", &opts.ignore_other_worktrees,
+                        N_("do not check if another worktree is holding the given ref")),
+               OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &opts.show_progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
                OPT_END(),
        };
 
        memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
        memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));
+       opts.overwrite_ignore = 1;
+       opts.prefix = prefix;
+       opts.show_progress = -1;
 
        gitmodules_config();
        git_config(git_checkout_config, &opts);
@@ -975,55 +1177,45 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, checkout_usage,
                             PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-       /* we can assume from now on new_branch = !new_branch_force */
-       if (opts.new_branch && opts.new_branch_force)
-               die(_("-B cannot be used with -b"));
+       if (opts.show_progress < 0) {
+               if (opts.quiet)
+                       opts.show_progress = 0;
+               else
+                       opts.show_progress = isatty(2);
+       }
+
+       if (conflict_style) {
+               opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
+               git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
+       }
+
+       if ((!!opts.new_branch + !!opts.new_branch_force + !!opts.new_orphan_branch) > 1)
+               die(_("-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"));
 
-       /* copy -B over to -b, so that we can just check the latter */
+       /*
+        * From here on, new_branch will contain the branch to be checked out,
+        * and new_branch_force and new_orphan_branch will tell us which one of
+        * -b/-B/--orphan is being used.
+        */
        if (opts.new_branch_force)
                opts.new_branch = opts.new_branch_force;
 
-       if (patch_mode && (opts.track > 0 || opts.new_branch
-                          || opts.new_branch_log || opts.merge || opts.force
-                          || opts.force_detach))
-               die (_("--patch is incompatible with all other options"));
-
-       if (opts.force_detach && (opts.new_branch || opts.new_orphan_branch))
-               die(_("--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"));
-       if (opts.force_detach && 0 < opts.track)
-               die(_("--detach cannot be used with -t"));
+       if (opts.new_orphan_branch)
+               opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
 
-       /* --track without -b should DWIM */
-       if (0 < opts.track && !opts.new_branch) {
+       /* --track without -b/-B/--orphan should DWIM */
+       if (opts.track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED && !opts.new_branch) {
                const char *argv0 = argv[0];
                if (!argc || !strcmp(argv0, "--"))
                        die (_("--track needs a branch name"));
-               if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "refs/"))
-                       argv0 += 5;
-               if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "remotes/"))
-                       argv0 += 8;
+               skip_prefix(argv0, "refs/", &argv0);
+               skip_prefix(argv0, "remotes/", &argv0);
                argv0 = strchr(argv0, '/');
                if (!argv0 || !argv0[1])
                        die (_("Missing branch name; try -b"));
                opts.new_branch = argv0 + 1;
        }
 
-       if (opts.new_orphan_branch) {
-               if (opts.new_branch)
-                       die(_("--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"));
-               if (opts.track > 0)
-                       die(_("--orphan cannot be used with -t"));
-               opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
-       }
-
-       if (conflict_style) {
-               opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
-               git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
-       }
-
-       if (opts.force && opts.merge)
-               die(_("git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"));
-
        /*
         * Extract branch name from command line arguments, so
         * all that is left is pathspecs.
@@ -1038,77 +1230,57 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
         * remote branches, erroring out for invalid or ambiguous cases.
         */
        if (argc) {
+               unsigned char rev[20];
                int dwim_ok =
-                       !patch_mode &&
+                       !opts.patch_mode &&
                        dwim_new_local_branch &&
                        opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED &&
                        !opts.new_branch;
                int n = parse_branchname_arg(argc, argv, dwim_ok,
-                               &new, &source_tree, rev, &opts.new_branch);
+                                            &new, &opts, rev);
                argv += n;
                argc -= n;
        }
 
-       if (opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
-               opts.track = git_branch_track;
-
        if (argc) {
-               const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+               parse_pathspec(&opts.pathspec, 0,
+                              opts.patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0,
+                              prefix, argv);
 
-               if (!pathspec)
+               if (!opts.pathspec.nr)
                        die(_("invalid path specification"));
 
-               if (patch_mode)
-                       return interactive_checkout(new.name, pathspec, &opts);
-
-               /* Checkout paths */
-               if (opts.new_branch) {
-                       if (argc == 1) {
-                               die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\nDid you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"), argv[0]);
-                       } else {
-                               die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."));
-                       }
-               }
+               /*
+                * Try to give more helpful suggestion.
+                * new_branch && argc > 1 will be caught later.
+                */
+               if (opts.new_branch && argc == 1)
+                       die(_("Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+                             "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"),
+                           opts.new_branch, argv[0]);
 
                if (opts.force_detach)
-                       die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"));
+                       die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"),
+                           argv[0]);
 
                if (1 < !!opts.writeout_stage + !!opts.force + !!opts.merge)
-                       die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\nchecking out of the index."));
-
-               return checkout_paths(source_tree, pathspec, prefix, &opts);
+                       die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+                             "checking out of the index."));
        }
 
-       if (patch_mode)
-               return interactive_checkout(new.name, NULL, &opts);
-
        if (opts.new_branch) {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-               if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(&buf, opts.new_branch))
-                       die(_("git checkout: we do not like '%s' as a branch name."),
-                           opts.new_branch);
-               if (ref_exists(buf.buf)) {
-                       opts.branch_exists = 1;
-                       if (!opts.new_branch_force)
-                               die(_("git checkout: branch %s already exists"),
-                                   opts.new_branch);
-               }
-               strbuf_release(&buf);
-       }
-
-       if (new.name && !new.commit) {
-               die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."));
-       }
-       if (opts.writeout_stage)
-               die(_("--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."));
 
-       if (!new.commit) {
-               unsigned char rev[20];
-               int flag;
+               opts.branch_exists =
+                       validate_new_branchname(opts.new_branch, &buf,
+                                               !!opts.new_branch_force,
+                                               !!opts.new_branch_force);
 
-               resolve_ref("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
-               if ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && is_null_sha1(rev))
-                       return switch_unborn_to_new_branch(&opts);
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
        }
-       return switch_branches(&opts, &new);
+
+       if (opts.patch_mode || opts.pathspec.nr)
+               return checkout_paths(&opts, new.name);
+       else
+               return checkout_branch(&opts, &new);
 }