[[def_alternate_object_database]]alternate object database::
Via the alternates mechanism, a <<def_repository,repository>>
can inherit part of its <<def_object_database,object database>>
- from another object database, which is called "alternate".
+ from another object database, which is called an "alternate".
[[def_bare_repository]]bare repository::
A bare repository is normally an appropriately
to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
revision.
+[[def_commit-ish]]commit-ish (also committish)::
+ A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> or an
+ <<def_object,object>> that can be recursively dereferenced to
+ a commit object.
+ The following are all commit-ishes:
+ a commit object,
+ a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a commit
+ object,
+ a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a
+ commit object,
+ etc.
+
[[def_core_git]]core Git::
Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
source code management tools.
you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
is different from what was recorded when the commit was
created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file.
++
+Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
+transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1]
+for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.
[[def_hash]]hash::
In Git's context, synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
A pathspec that begins with a colon `:` has special meaning. In the
short form, the leading colon `:` is followed by zero or more "magic
signature" letters (which optionally is terminated by another colon `:`),
-and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path. The optional
-colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be omitted if the pattern
-begins with a character that cannot be a "magic signature" and is not a
-colon.
+and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path.
+The "magic signature" consists of ASCII symbols that are neither
+alphanumeric, glob, regex special charaters nor colon.
+The optional colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be
+omitted if the pattern begins with a character that does not belong to
+"magic signature" symbol set and is not a colon.
+
In the long form, the leading colon `:` is followed by a open
parenthesis `(`, a comma-separated list of zero or more "magic words",
and a close parentheses `)`, and the remainder is the pattern to match
against the path.
+
-The "magic signature" consists of an ASCII symbol that is not
-alphanumeric.
+A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
+should not be combined with other pathspec.
+
--
-top `/`;;
- The magic word `top` (mnemonic: `/`) makes the pattern match
- from the root of the working tree, even when you are running
- the command from inside a subdirectory.
+top;;
+ The magic word `top` (magic signature: `/`) makes the pattern
+ match from the root of the working tree, even when you are
+ running the command from inside a subdirectory.
literal;;
Wildcards in the pattern such as `*` or `?` are treated
- A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
- "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "**/foo/bar"
+ "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
under directory "`foo`".
- - A trailing "/**" matches everything inside. For example,
- "abc/**" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
+ - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
+ "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
- A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
- Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
+
Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic.
+
+exclude;;
+ After a path matches any non-exclude pathspec, it will be run
+ through all exclude pathspec (magic signature: `!`). If it
+ matches, the path is ignored.
--
-+
-Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as the "magic signature",
-but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later
-versions of Git.
-+
-A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
-should not be combined with other pathspec.
[[def_parent]]parent::
A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> contains a (possibly empty) list
to the result.
[[def_ref]]ref::
- A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> or a name that
- denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. They may be stored in
- a file under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` directory, or
- in the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
+ A name that begins with `refs/` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
+ that points to an <<def_object_name,object name>> or another
+ ref (the latter is called a <<def_symref,symbolic ref>>).
+ For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used
+ as an argument to a Git command; see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]
+ for details.
+ Refs are stored in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
++
+The ref namespace is hierarchical.
+Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes (e.g. the
+`refs/heads/` hierarchy is used to represent local branches).
++
+There are a few special-purpose refs that do not begin with `refs/`.
+The most notable example is `HEAD`.
[[def_reflog]]reflog::
A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref. In other words,
with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
<<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>.
-[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish::
- A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to either a <<def_commit_object,commit
- object>>, a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>, or a <<def_tag_object,tag
- object>> pointing to a tag or commit or tree object.
+[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish (also treeish)::
+ A <<def_tree_object,tree object>> or an <<def_object,object>>
+ that can be recursively dereferenced to a tree object.
+ Dereferencing a <<def_commit_object,commit object>> yields the
+ tree object corresponding to the <<def_revision,revision>>'s
+ top <<def_directory,directory>>.
+ The following are all tree-ishes:
+ a <<def_commit-ish,commit-ish>>,
+ a tree object,
+ a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a tree object,
+ a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree
+ object,
+ etc.
[[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index::
An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged