NAME
----
-git-commit - Record your changes
+git-commit - Record changes to the repository
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git-commit' [-a] [-s] [-v] [(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg>]
- [--no-verify] [--amend] [-e] [--author <author>]
- [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
+'git commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend]
+ [(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>]
+ [--allow-empty] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
+ [--cleanup=<mode>] [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-Use 'git commit' when you want to record your changes into the repository
-along with a log message describing what the commit is about. All changes
-to be committed must be explicitly identified using one of the following
-methods:
+Stores the current contents of the index in a new commit along
+with a log message from the user describing the changes.
-1. by using gitlink:git-add[1] to incrementally "add" changes to the
- next commit before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
+The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
+
+1. by using 'git-add' to incrementally "add" changes to the
+ index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
files must be "added");
-2. by using gitlink:git-rm[1] to identify content removal for the next
- commit, again before using the 'commit' command;
+2. by using 'git-rm' to remove files from the working tree
+ and the index, again before using the 'commit' command;
+
+3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
+ case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
+ record the current content of the listed files (which must already
+ be known to git);
-3. by directly listing files containing changes to be committed as arguments
- to the 'commit' command, in which cases only those files alone will be
- considered for the commit;
+4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
+ "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
+ listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index
+ that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the
+ actual commit;
-4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically "add"
- changes from all known files i.e. files that have already been committed
- before, and perform the actual commit.
+5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one
+ by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the
+ operation. Currently, this is done by invoking 'git-add --interactive'.
-The gitlink:git-status[1] command can be used to obtain a
+The 'git-status' command can be used to obtain a
summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
commit by giving the same set of parameters you would give to
this command.
-If you make a commit and then found a mistake immediately after
-that, you can recover from it with gitlink:git-reset[1].
+If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after
+that, you can recover from it with 'git-reset'.
OPTIONS
-------
--a|--all::
+-a::
+--all::
Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
told git about are not affected.
--c or -C <commit>::
- Take existing commit object, and reuse the log message
+-C <commit>::
+--reuse-message=<commit>::
+ Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message
and the authorship information (including the timestamp)
- when creating the commit. With '-C', the editor is not
- invoked; with '-c' the user can further edit the commit
- message.
+ when creating the commit.
+
+-c <commit>::
+--reedit-message=<commit>::
+ Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
+ the user can further edit the commit message.
-F <file>::
+--file=<file>::
Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
read the message from the standard input.
---author <author>::
- Override the author name used in the commit. Use
- `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format.
+--author=<author>::
+ Override the author name used in the commit. You can use the
+ standard `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format. Otherwise,
+ an existing commit that matches the given string and its author
+ name is used.
-m <msg>::
+--message=<msg>::
Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
--s|--signoff::
- Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
+-t <file>::
+--template=<file>::
+ Use the contents of the given file as the initial version
+ of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can
+ make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using
+ the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This
+ overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable.
+-s::
+--signoff::
+ Add Signed-off-by line by the committer at the end of the commit
+ log message.
+
+-n::
--no-verify::
- By default, the command looks for suspicious lines the
- commit introduces, and aborts committing if there is one.
- The definition of 'suspicious lines' is currently the
- lines that has trailing whitespaces, and the lines whose
- indentation has a SP character immediately followed by a
- TAB character. This option turns off the check.
-
--e|--edit::
+ This option bypasses the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks.
+ See also linkgit:githooks[5].
+
+--allow-empty::
+ Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its
+ sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you
+ from making such a commit. This option bypasses the safety, and
+ is primarily for use by foreign scm interface scripts.
+
+--cleanup=<mode>::
+ This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
+ The '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
+ and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
+ trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
+ only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
+ removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
+ 'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
+ and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
+
+-e::
+--edit::
The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
further edit the message taken from these sources.
--amend::
-
Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
------
but can be used to amend a merge commit.
--
++
+You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you
+amend a commit that has already been published. (See the "RECOVERING
+FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
--i|--include::
+-i::
+--include::
Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
stage the contents of paths given on the command line
as well. This is usually not what you want unless you
are concluding a conflicted merge.
--q|--quiet::
- Supress commit summary message.
+-o::
+--only::
+ Make a commit only from the paths specified on the
+ command line, disregarding any contents that have been
+ staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of
+ 'git-commit' if any paths are given on the command line,
+ in which case this option can be omitted.
+ If this option is specified together with '--amend', then
+ no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend
+ the last commit without committing changes that have
+ already been staged.
+
+-u[<mode>]::
+--untracked-files[=<mode>]::
+ Show untracked files (Default: 'all').
++
+The mode parameter is optional, and is used to specify
+the handling of untracked files. The possible options are:
++
+--
+ - 'no' - Show no untracked files
+ - 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+ - 'all' - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
+--
++
+See linkgit:git-config[1] for configuration variable
+used to change the default for when the option is not
+specified.
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+ Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what
+ would be committed at the bottom of the commit message
+ template. Note that this diff output doesn't have its
+ lines prefixed with '#'.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+ Suppress commit summary message.
\--::
Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
--------
When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
-called the "index" with gitlink:git-add[1]. Removal
-of a file is staged with gitlink:git-rm[1]. After building the
-state to be committed incrementally with these commands, `git
-commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
+called the "index" with 'git-add'. A file can be
+reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree,
+to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`,
+which effectively reverts 'git-add' and prevents the changes to
+this file from participating in the next commit. After building
+the state to be committed incrementally with these commands,
+`git commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the
command. An example:
$ git commit
------------
-////////////
-We should fix 'git rm' to remove goodbye.c from both index and
-working tree for the above example.
-////////////
-
Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can
tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose
contents are tracked in
this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and
`hello.h` as expected.
-After a merge (initiated by either gitlink:git-merge[1] or
-gitlink:git-pull[1]) stops because of conflicts, cleanly merged
+After a merge (initiated by 'git-merge' or 'git-pull') stops
+because of conflicts, cleanly merged
paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first
-check which paths are conflicting with gitlink:git-status[1]
+check which paths are conflicting with 'git-status'
and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
-stage the result as usual with gitlink:git-add[1]:
+stage the result as usual with 'git-add':
------------
$ git status | grep unmerged
refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option).
-ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
----------------------
-The command specified by either the VISUAL or EDITOR environment
-variables is used to edit the commit log message.
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
+with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
+change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
+Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line
+on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body.
+
+include::i18n.txt[]
+
+ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+---------------------------------------
+The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the
+GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
+VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that
+order).
HOOKS
-----
-This command can run `commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and
-`post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more
+This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`,
+and `post-commit` hooks. See linkgit:githooks[5] for more
information.
SEE ALSO
--------
-gitlink:git-add[1],
-gitlink:git-rm[1],
-gitlink:git-mv[1],
-gitlink:git-merge[1],
-gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
+linkgit:git-add[1],
+linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:git-mv[1],
+linkgit:git-merge[1],
+linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
-Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
GIT
---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite