worktree: don't segfault with an absolute pathspec without a work tree
[gitweb.git] / builtin-apply.c
index 6662cc438cf0602784c3039b1b146ed4c3fc53cc..36e2f9dda5c85c346e31f45afa6d28b107679970 100644 (file)
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
 
 /*
  *  --check turns on checking that the working tree matches the
@@ -45,9 +46,11 @@ static int apply_verbosely;
 static int no_add;
 static const char *fake_ancestor;
 static int line_termination = '\n';
-static unsigned long p_context = ULONG_MAX;
-static const char apply_usage[] =
-"git apply [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] [--cached] [--apply] [--no-add] [--index-info] [--allow-binary-replacement] [--reverse] [--reject] [--verbose] [-z] [-pNUM] [-CNUM] [--whitespace=<nowarn|warn|fix|error|error-all>] <patch>...";
+static unsigned int p_context = UINT_MAX;
+static const char * const apply_usage[] = {
+       "git apply [options] [<patch>...]",
+       NULL
+};
 
 static enum ws_error_action {
        nowarn_ws_error,
@@ -58,9 +61,18 @@ static enum ws_error_action {
 static int whitespace_error;
 static int squelch_whitespace_errors = 5;
 static int applied_after_fixing_ws;
+
+static enum ws_ignore {
+       ignore_ws_none,
+       ignore_ws_change,
+} ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+
+
 static const char *patch_input_file;
 static const char *root;
 static int root_len;
+static int read_stdin = 1;
+static int options;
 
 static void parse_whitespace_option(const char *option)
 {
@@ -92,6 +104,21 @@ static void parse_whitespace_option(const char *option)
        die("unrecognized whitespace option '%s'", option);
 }
 
+static void parse_ignorewhitespace_option(const char *option)
+{
+       if (!option || !strcmp(option, "no") ||
+           !strcmp(option, "false") || !strcmp(option, "never") ||
+           !strcmp(option, "none")) {
+               ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+               return;
+       }
+       if (!strcmp(option, "change")) {
+               ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
+               return;
+       }
+       die("unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'", option);
+}
+
 static void set_default_whitespace_mode(const char *whitespace_option)
 {
        if (!whitespace_option && !apply_default_whitespace)
@@ -210,6 +237,62 @@ static uint32_t hash_line(const char *cp, size_t len)
        return h;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Compare lines s1 of length n1 and s2 of length n2, ignoring
+ * whitespace difference. Returns 1 if they match, 0 otherwise
+ */
+static int fuzzy_matchlines(const char *s1, size_t n1,
+                           const char *s2, size_t n2)
+{
+       const char *last1 = s1 + n1 - 1;
+       const char *last2 = s2 + n2 - 1;
+       int result = 0;
+
+       if (n1 < 0 || n2 < 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* ignore line endings */
+       while ((*last1 == '\r') || (*last1 == '\n'))
+               last1--;
+       while ((*last2 == '\r') || (*last2 == '\n'))
+               last2--;
+
+       /* skip leading whitespace */
+       while (isspace(*s1) && (s1 <= last1))
+               s1++;
+       while (isspace(*s2) && (s2 <= last2))
+               s2++;
+       /* early return if both lines are empty */
+       if ((s1 > last1) && (s2 > last2))
+               return 1;
+       while (!result) {
+               result = *s1++ - *s2++;
+               /*
+                * Skip whitespace inside. We check for whitespace on
+                * both buffers because we don't want "a b" to match
+                * "ab"
+                */
+               if (isspace(*s1) && isspace(*s2)) {
+                       while (isspace(*s1) && s1 <= last1)
+                               s1++;
+                       while (isspace(*s2) && s2 <= last2)
+                               s2++;
+               }
+               /*
+                * If we reached the end on one side only,
+                * lines don't match
+                */
+               if (
+                   ((s2 > last2) && (s1 <= last1)) ||
+                   ((s1 > last1) && (s2 <= last2)))
+                       return 0;
+               if ((s1 > last1) && (s2 > last2))
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       return !result;
+}
+
 static void add_line_info(struct image *img, const char *bol, size_t len, unsigned flag)
 {
        ALLOC_GROW(img->line_allocated, img->nr + 1, img->alloc);
@@ -276,7 +359,7 @@ static void say_patch_name(FILE *output, const char *pre,
 static void read_patch_file(struct strbuf *sb, int fd)
 {
        if (strbuf_read(sb, fd, 0) < 0)
-               die("git apply: read returned %s", strerror(errno));
+               die_errno("git apply: failed to read");
 
        /*
         * Make sure that we have some slop in the buffer
@@ -316,19 +399,32 @@ static int name_terminate(const char *name, int namelen, int c, int terminate)
        return 1;
 }
 
+/* remove double slashes to make --index work with such filenames */
+static char *squash_slash(char *name)
+{
+       int i = 0, j = 0;
+
+       while (name[i]) {
+               if ((name[j++] = name[i++]) == '/')
+                       while (name[i] == '/')
+                               i++;
+       }
+       name[j] = '\0';
+       return name;
+}
+
 static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
 {
        int len;
        const char *start = line;
 
        if (*line == '"') {
-               struct strbuf name;
+               struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 
                /*
                 * Proposed "new-style" GNU patch/diff format; see
                 * http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
                 */
-               strbuf_init(&name, 0);
                if (!unquote_c_style(&name, line, NULL)) {
                        char *cp;
 
@@ -346,7 +442,7 @@ static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
                                free(def);
                                if (root)
                                        strbuf_insert(&name, 0, root, root_len);
-                               return strbuf_detach(&name, NULL);
+                               return squash_slash(strbuf_detach(&name, NULL));
                        }
                }
                strbuf_release(&name);
@@ -366,10 +462,10 @@ static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
                        start = line;
        }
        if (!start)
-               return def;
+               return squash_slash(def);
        len = line - start;
        if (!len)
-               return def;
+               return squash_slash(def);
 
        /*
         * Generally we prefer the shorter name, especially
@@ -380,7 +476,7 @@ static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
        if (def) {
                int deflen = strlen(def);
                if (deflen < len && !strncmp(start, def, deflen))
-                       return def;
+                       return squash_slash(def);
                free(def);
        }
 
@@ -389,10 +485,10 @@ static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
                strcpy(ret, root);
                memcpy(ret + root_len, start, len);
                ret[root_len + len] = '\0';
-               return ret;
+               return squash_slash(ret);
        }
 
-       return xmemdupz(start, len);
+       return squash_slash(xmemdupz(start, len));
 }
 
 static int count_slashes(const char *cp)
@@ -440,6 +536,76 @@ static int guess_p_value(const char *nameline)
        return val;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Does the ---/+++ line has the POSIX timestamp after the last HT?
+ * GNU diff puts epoch there to signal a creation/deletion event.  Is
+ * this such a timestamp?
+ */
+static int has_epoch_timestamp(const char *nameline)
+{
+       /*
+        * We are only interested in epoch timestamp; any non-zero
+        * fraction cannot be one, hence "(\.0+)?" in the regexp below.
+        * For the same reason, the date must be either 1969-12-31 or
+        * 1970-01-01, and the seconds part must be "00".
+        */
+       const char stamp_regexp[] =
+               "^(1969-12-31|1970-01-01)"
+               " "
+               "[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:00(\\.0+)?"
+               " "
+               "([-+][0-2][0-9][0-5][0-9])\n";
+       const char *timestamp = NULL, *cp;
+       static regex_t *stamp;
+       regmatch_t m[10];
+       int zoneoffset;
+       int hourminute;
+       int status;
+
+       for (cp = nameline; *cp != '\n'; cp++) {
+               if (*cp == '\t')
+                       timestamp = cp + 1;
+       }
+       if (!timestamp)
+               return 0;
+       if (!stamp) {
+               stamp = xmalloc(sizeof(*stamp));
+               if (regcomp(stamp, stamp_regexp, REG_EXTENDED)) {
+                       warning("Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s",
+                               stamp_regexp);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       }
+
+       status = regexec(stamp, timestamp, ARRAY_SIZE(m), m, 0);
+       if (status) {
+               if (status != REG_NOMATCH)
+                       warning("regexec returned %d for input: %s",
+                               status, timestamp);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       zoneoffset = strtol(timestamp + m[3].rm_so + 1, NULL, 10);
+       zoneoffset = (zoneoffset / 100) * 60 + (zoneoffset % 100);
+       if (timestamp[m[3].rm_so] == '-')
+               zoneoffset = -zoneoffset;
+
+       /*
+        * YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss must be from either 1969-12-31
+        * (west of GMT) or 1970-01-01 (east of GMT)
+        */
+       if ((zoneoffset < 0 && memcmp(timestamp, "1969-12-31", 10)) ||
+           (0 <= zoneoffset && memcmp(timestamp, "1970-01-01", 10)))
+               return 0;
+
+       hourminute = (strtol(timestamp + 11, NULL, 10) * 60 +
+                     strtol(timestamp + 14, NULL, 10) -
+                     zoneoffset);
+
+       return ((zoneoffset < 0 && hourminute == 1440) ||
+               (0 <= zoneoffset && !hourminute));
+}
+
 /*
  * Get the name etc info from the ---/+++ lines of a traditional patch header
  *
@@ -476,7 +642,17 @@ static void parse_traditional_patch(const char *first, const char *second, struc
        } else {
                name = find_name(first, NULL, p_value, TERM_SPACE | TERM_TAB);
                name = find_name(second, name, p_value, TERM_SPACE | TERM_TAB);
-               patch->old_name = patch->new_name = name;
+               if (has_epoch_timestamp(first)) {
+                       patch->is_new = 1;
+                       patch->is_delete = 0;
+                       patch->new_name = name;
+               } else if (has_epoch_timestamp(second)) {
+                       patch->is_new = 0;
+                       patch->is_delete = 1;
+                       patch->old_name = name;
+               } else {
+                       patch->old_name = patch->new_name = name;
+               }
        }
        if (!name)
                die("unable to find filename in patch at line %d", linenr);
@@ -632,7 +808,7 @@ static int gitdiff_index(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
        memcpy(patch->new_sha1_prefix, line, len);
        patch->new_sha1_prefix[len] = 0;
        if (*ptr == ' ')
-               patch->new_mode = patch->old_mode = strtoul(ptr+1, NULL, 8);
+               patch->old_mode = strtoul(ptr+1, NULL, 8);
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -647,12 +823,13 @@ static int gitdiff_unrecognized(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 
 static const char *stop_at_slash(const char *line, int llen)
 {
+       int nslash = p_value;
        int i;
 
        for (i = 0; i < llen; i++) {
                int ch = line[i];
-               if (ch == '/')
-                       return line + i;
+               if (ch == '/' && --nslash <= 0)
+                       return &line[i];
        }
        return NULL;
 }
@@ -676,11 +853,8 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 
        if (*line == '"') {
                const char *cp;
-               struct strbuf first;
-               struct strbuf sp;
-
-               strbuf_init(&first, 0);
-               strbuf_init(&sp, 0);
+               struct strbuf first = STRBUF_INIT;
+               struct strbuf sp = STRBUF_INIT;
 
                if (unquote_c_style(&first, line, &second))
                        goto free_and_fail1;
@@ -742,10 +916,9 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
         */
        for (second = name; second < line + llen; second++) {
                if (*second == '"') {
-                       struct strbuf sp;
+                       struct strbuf sp = STRBUF_INIT;
                        const char *np;
 
-                       strbuf_init(&sp, 0);
                        if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
                                goto free_and_fail2;
 
@@ -1266,8 +1439,9 @@ static char *inflate_it(const void *data, unsigned long size,
        stream.avail_in = size;
        stream.next_out = out = xmalloc(inflated_size);
        stream.avail_out = inflated_size;
-       inflateInit(&stream);
-       st = inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+       git_inflate_init(&stream);
+       st = git_inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
+       git_inflate_end(&stream);
        if ((st != Z_STREAM_END) || stream.total_out != inflated_size) {
                free(out);
                return NULL;
@@ -1523,11 +1697,10 @@ static const char minuses[]=
 
 static void show_stats(struct patch *patch)
 {
-       struct strbuf qname;
+       struct strbuf qname = STRBUF_INIT;
        char *cp = patch->new_name ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name;
        int max, add, del;
 
-       strbuf_init(&qname, 0);
        quote_c_style(cp, &qname, NULL, 0);
 
        /*
@@ -1573,10 +1746,8 @@ static int read_old_data(struct stat *st, const char *path, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
        switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
        case S_IFLNK:
-               strbuf_grow(buf, st->st_size);
-               if (readlink(path, buf->buf, st->st_size) != st->st_size)
-                       return -1;
-               strbuf_setlen(buf, st->st_size);
+               if (strbuf_readlink(buf, path, st->st_size) < 0)
+                       return error("unable to read symlink %s", path);
                return 0;
        case S_IFREG:
                if (strbuf_read_file(buf, path, st->st_size) != st->st_size)
@@ -1588,10 +1759,17 @@ static int read_old_data(struct stat *st, const char *path, struct strbuf *buf)
        }
 }
 
+/*
+ * Update the preimage, and the common lines in postimage,
+ * from buffer buf of length len. If postlen is 0 the postimage
+ * is updated in place, otherwise it's updated on a new buffer
+ * of length postlen
+ */
+
 static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
                                   struct image *postimage,
                                   char *buf,
-                                  size_t len)
+                                  size_t len, size_t postlen)
 {
        int i, ctx;
        char *new, *old, *fixed;
@@ -1610,11 +1788,19 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
        *preimage = fixed_preimage;
 
        /*
-        * Adjust the common context lines in postimage, in place.
-        * This is possible because whitespace fixing does not make
-        * the string grow.
+        * Adjust the common context lines in postimage. This can be
+        * done in-place when we are just doing whitespace fixing,
+        * which does not make the string grow, but needs a new buffer
+        * when ignoring whitespace causes the update, since in this case
+        * we could have e.g. tabs converted to multiple spaces.
+        * We trust the caller to tell us if the update can be done
+        * in place (postlen==0) or not.
         */
-       new = old = postimage->buf;
+       old = postimage->buf;
+       if (postlen)
+               new = postimage->buf = xmalloc(postlen);
+       else
+               new = old;
        fixed = preimage->buf;
        for (i = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
                size_t len = postimage->line[i].len;
@@ -1689,12 +1875,56 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
            !memcmp(img->buf + try, preimage->buf, preimage->len))
                return 1;
 
+       /*
+        * No exact match. If we are ignoring whitespace, run a line-by-line
+        * fuzzy matching. We collect all the line length information because
+        * we need it to adjust whitespace if we match.
+        */
+       if (ws_ignore_action == ignore_ws_change) {
+               size_t imgoff = 0;
+               size_t preoff = 0;
+               size_t postlen = postimage->len;
+               for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++) {
+                       size_t prelen = preimage->line[i].len;
+                       size_t imglen = img->line[try_lno+i].len;
+
+                       if (!fuzzy_matchlines(img->buf + try + imgoff, imglen,
+                                             preimage->buf + preoff, prelen))
+                               return 0;
+                       if (preimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)
+                               postlen += imglen - prelen;
+                       imgoff += imglen;
+                       preoff += prelen;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Ok, the preimage matches with whitespace fuzz. Update it and
+                * the common postimage lines to use the same whitespace as the
+                * target. imgoff now holds the true length of the target that
+                * matches the preimage, and we need to update the line lengths
+                * of the preimage to match the target ones.
+                */
+               fixed_buf = xmalloc(imgoff);
+               memcpy(fixed_buf, img->buf + try, imgoff);
+               for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+                       preimage->line[i].len = img->line[try_lno+i].len;
+
+               /*
+                * Update the preimage buffer and the postimage context lines.
+                */
+               update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
+                               fixed_buf, imgoff, postlen);
+               return 1;
+       }
+
        if (ws_error_action != correct_ws_error)
                return 0;
 
        /*
         * The hunk does not apply byte-by-byte, but the hash says
-        * it might with whitespace fuzz.
+        * it might with whitespace fuzz. We haven't been asked to
+        * ignore whitespace, we were asked to correct whitespace
+        * errors, so let's try matching after whitespace correction.
         */
        fixed_buf = xmalloc(preimage->len + 1);
        buf = fixed_buf;
@@ -1746,7 +1976,7 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
         * hunk match.  Update the context lines in the postimage.
         */
        update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
-                              fixed_buf, buf - fixed_buf);
+                              fixed_buf, buf - fixed_buf, 0);
        return 1;
 
  unmatch_exit:
@@ -2296,6 +2526,25 @@ static struct patch *in_fn_table(const char *name)
        return NULL;
 }
 
+/*
+ * item->util in the filename table records the status of the path.
+ * Usually it points at a patch (whose result records the contents
+ * of it after applying it), but it could be PATH_WAS_DELETED for a
+ * path that a previously applied patch has already removed.
+ */
+ #define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
+#define PATH_WAS_DELETED ((struct patch *) -1)
+
+static int to_be_deleted(struct patch *patch)
+{
+       return patch == PATH_TO_BE_DELETED;
+}
+
+static int was_deleted(struct patch *patch)
+{
+       return patch == PATH_WAS_DELETED;
+}
+
 static void add_to_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
 {
        struct string_list_item *item;
@@ -2316,23 +2565,36 @@ static void add_to_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
         */
        if ((patch->new_name == NULL) || (patch->is_rename)) {
                item = string_list_insert(patch->old_name, &fn_table);
-               item->util = (struct patch *) -1;
+               item->util = PATH_WAS_DELETED;
+       }
+}
+
+static void prepare_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
+{
+       /*
+        * store information about incoming file deletion
+        */
+       while (patch) {
+               if ((patch->new_name == NULL) || (patch->is_rename)) {
+                       struct string_list_item *item;
+                       item = string_list_insert(patch->old_name, &fn_table);
+                       item->util = PATH_TO_BE_DELETED;
+               }
+               patch = patch->next;
        }
 }
 
 static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-       struct strbuf buf;
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct image image;
        size_t len;
        char *img;
        struct patch *tpatch;
 
-       strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
-
        if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
-           ((tpatch = in_fn_table(patch->old_name)) != NULL)) {
-               if (tpatch == (struct patch *) -1) {
+           (tpatch = in_fn_table(patch->old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
+               if (was_deleted(tpatch)) {
                        return error("patch %s has been renamed/deleted",
                                patch->old_name);
                }
@@ -2387,7 +2649,7 @@ static int check_to_create_blob(const char *new_name, int ok_if_exists)
                 * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
                 * far as git is concerned.
                 */
-               if (has_symlink_leading_path(strlen(new_name), new_name))
+               if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
                        return 0;
 
                return error("%s: already exists in working directory", new_name);
@@ -2426,10 +2688,9 @@ static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct s
        assert(patch->is_new <= 0);
 
        if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
-           (tpatch = in_fn_table(old_name)) != NULL) {
-               if (tpatch == (struct patch *) -1) {
+           (tpatch = in_fn_table(old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
+               if (was_deleted(tpatch))
                        return error("%s: has been deleted/renamed", old_name);
-               }
                st_mode = tpatch->new_mode;
        } else if (!cached) {
                stat_ret = lstat(old_name, st);
@@ -2437,6 +2698,9 @@ static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct s
                        return error("%s: %s", old_name, strerror(errno));
        }
 
+       if (to_be_deleted(tpatch))
+               tpatch = NULL;
+
        if (check_index && !tpatch) {
                int pos = cache_name_pos(old_name, strlen(old_name));
                if (pos < 0) {
@@ -2478,8 +2742,10 @@ static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct s
        if ((st_mode ^ patch->old_mode) & S_IFMT)
                return error("%s: wrong type", old_name);
        if (st_mode != patch->old_mode)
-               fprintf(stderr, "warning: %s has type %o, expected %o\n",
+               warning("%s has type %o, expected %o",
                        old_name, st_mode, patch->old_mode);
+       if (!patch->new_mode && !patch->is_delete)
+               patch->new_mode = st_mode;
        return 0;
 
  is_new:
@@ -2496,6 +2762,7 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
        const char *new_name = patch->new_name;
        const char *name = old_name ? old_name : new_name;
        struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
+       struct patch *tpatch;
        int ok_if_exists;
        int status;
 
@@ -2506,7 +2773,8 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
                return status;
        old_name = patch->old_name;
 
-       if (in_fn_table(new_name) == (struct patch *) -1)
+       if ((tpatch = in_fn_table(new_name)) &&
+                       (was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
                /*
                 * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to
                 * delete old, immediately followed by a patch to
@@ -2558,6 +2826,7 @@ static int check_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
 {
        int err = 0;
 
+       prepare_fn_table(patch);
        while (patch) {
                if (apply_verbosely)
                        say_patch_name(stderr,
@@ -2586,7 +2855,7 @@ static int get_current_sha1(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1)
 static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 {
        struct patch *patch;
-       struct index_state result = { 0 };
+       struct index_state result = { NULL };
        int fd;
 
        /* Once we start supporting the reverse patch, it may be
@@ -2767,7 +3036,7 @@ static void remove_file(struct patch *patch, int rmdir_empty)
                        if (rmdir(patch->old_name))
                                warning("unable to remove submodule %s",
                                        patch->old_name);
-               } else if (!unlink(patch->old_name) && rmdir_empty) {
+               } else if (!unlink_or_warn(patch->old_name) && rmdir_empty) {
                        remove_path(patch->old_name);
                }
        }
@@ -2795,8 +3064,8 @@ static void add_index_file(const char *path, unsigned mode, void *buf, unsigned
        } else {
                if (!cached) {
                        if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
-                               die("unable to stat newly created file %s",
-                                   path);
+                               die_errno("unable to stat newly created file '%s'",
+                                         path);
                        fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
                }
                if (write_sha1_file(buf, size, blob_type, ce->sha1) < 0)
@@ -2809,7 +3078,7 @@ static void add_index_file(const char *path, unsigned mode, void *buf, unsigned
 static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
 {
        int fd;
-       struct strbuf nbuf;
+       struct strbuf nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
        if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
                struct stat st;
@@ -2828,7 +3097,6 @@ static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf,
        if (fd < 0)
                return -1;
 
-       strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
        if (convert_to_working_tree(path, buf, size, &nbuf)) {
                size = nbuf.len;
                buf  = nbuf.buf;
@@ -2837,7 +3105,7 @@ static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf,
        strbuf_release(&nbuf);
 
        if (close(fd) < 0)
-               die("closing file %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+               die_errno("closing file '%s'", path);
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2878,7 +3146,7 @@ static void create_one_file(char *path, unsigned mode, const char *buf, unsigned
                        if (!try_create_file(newpath, mode, buf, size)) {
                                if (!rename(newpath, path))
                                        return;
-                               unlink(newpath);
+                               unlink_or_warn(newpath);
                                break;
                        }
                        if (errno != EEXIST)
@@ -2886,7 +3154,7 @@ static void create_one_file(char *path, unsigned mode, const char *buf, unsigned
                        ++nr;
                }
        }
-       die("unable to write file %s mode %o", path, mode);
+       die_errno("unable to write file '%s' mode %o", path, mode);
 }
 
 static void create_file(struct patch *patch)
@@ -2958,8 +3226,7 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
        cnt = strlen(patch->new_name);
        if (ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) <= cnt + 5) {
                cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) - 5;
-               fprintf(stderr,
-                       "warning: truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej",
+               warning("truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej",
                        cnt - 1, patch->new_name);
        }
        memcpy(namebuf, patch->new_name, cnt);
@@ -3019,29 +3286,45 @@ static int write_out_results(struct patch *list, int skipped_patch)
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
-static struct excludes {
-       struct excludes *next;
-       const char *path;
-} *excludes;
+static struct string_list limit_by_name;
+static int has_include;
+static void add_name_limit(const char *name, int exclude)
+{
+       struct string_list_item *it;
+
+       it = string_list_append(name, &limit_by_name);
+       it->util = exclude ? NULL : (void *) 1;
+}
 
 static int use_patch(struct patch *p)
 {
        const char *pathname = p->new_name ? p->new_name : p->old_name;
-       struct excludes *x = excludes;
-       while (x) {
-               if (fnmatch(x->path, pathname, 0) == 0)
-                       return 0;
-               x = x->next;
-       }
+       int i;
+
+       /* Paths outside are not touched regardless of "--include" */
        if (0 < prefix_length) {
                int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
                if (pathlen <= prefix_length ||
                    memcmp(prefix, pathname, prefix_length))
                        return 0;
        }
-       return 1;
+
+       /* See if it matches any of exclude/include rule */
+       for (i = 0; i < limit_by_name.nr; i++) {
+               struct string_list_item *it = &limit_by_name.items[i];
+               if (!fnmatch(it->string, pathname, 0))
+                       return (it->util != NULL);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * If we had any include, a path that does not match any rule is
+        * not used.  Otherwise, we saw bunch of exclude rules (or none)
+        * and such a path is used.
+        */
+       return !has_include;
 }
 
+
 static void prefix_one(char **name)
 {
        char *old_name = *name;
@@ -3074,13 +3357,12 @@ static void prefix_patches(struct patch *p)
 static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
 {
        size_t offset;
-       struct strbuf buf;
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct patch *list = NULL, **listp = &list;
        int skipped_patch = 0;
 
        /* FIXME - memory leak when using multiple patch files as inputs */
        memset(&fn_table, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
-       strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
        patch_input_file = filename;
        read_patch_file(&buf, fd);
        offset = 0;
@@ -3151,157 +3433,191 @@ static int git_apply_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
        if (!strcmp(var, "apply.whitespace"))
                return git_config_string(&apply_default_whitespace, var, value);
+       else if (!strcmp(var, "apply.ignorewhitespace"))
+               return git_config_string(&apply_default_ignorewhitespace, var, value);
        return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
+                               const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       add_name_limit(arg, 1);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_include(const struct option *opt,
+                               const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       add_name_limit(arg, 0);
+       has_include = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_p(const struct option *opt,
+                         const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       p_value = atoi(arg);
+       p_value_known = 1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
+                         const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       if (unset)
+               line_termination = '\n';
+       else
+               line_termination = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_space_change(const struct option *opt,
+                         const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       if (unset)
+               ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
+       else
+               ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_whitespace(const struct option *opt,
+                                  const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       const char **whitespace_option = opt->value;
+
+       *whitespace_option = arg;
+       parse_whitespace_option(arg);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int option_parse_directory(const struct option *opt,
+                                 const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       root_len = strlen(arg);
+       if (root_len && arg[root_len - 1] != '/') {
+               char *new_root;
+               root = new_root = xmalloc(root_len + 2);
+               strcpy(new_root, arg);
+               strcpy(new_root + root_len++, "/");
+       } else
+               root = arg;
+       return 0;
+}
 
 int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 {
        int i;
-       int read_stdin = 1;
-       int options = 0;
        int errs = 0;
        int is_not_gitdir;
+       int binary;
+       int force_apply = 0;
 
        const char *whitespace_option = NULL;
 
+       struct option builtin_apply_options[] = {
+               { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude", NULL, "path",
+                       "don't apply changes matching the given path",
+                       0, option_parse_exclude },
+               { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "include", NULL, "path",
+                       "apply changes matching the given path",
+                       0, option_parse_include },
+               { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, NULL, "num",
+                       "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths",
+                       0, option_parse_p },
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-add", &no_add,
+                       "ignore additions made by the patch"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &diffstat,
+                       "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"),
+               { OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-binary-replacement", &binary,
+                 NULL, "old option, now no-op",
+                 PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
+               { OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "binary", &binary,
+                 NULL, "old option, now no-op",
+                 PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numstat", &numstat,
+                       "shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &summary,
+                       "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "check", &check,
+                       "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "index", &check_index,
+                       "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
+                       "apply a patch without touching the working tree"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "apply", &force_apply,
+                       "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"),
+               OPT_FILENAME(0, "build-fake-ancestor", &fake_ancestor,
+                       "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"),
+               { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
+                       "paths are separated with NUL character",
+                       PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
+               OPT_INTEGER('C', NULL, &p_context,
+                               "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"),
+               { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "whitespace", &whitespace_option, "action",
+                       "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors",
+                       0, option_parse_whitespace },
+               { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-space-change", NULL, NULL,
+                       "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context",
+                       PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
+               { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-whitespace", NULL, NULL,
+                       "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context",
+                       PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
+               OPT_BOOLEAN('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
+                       "apply the patch in reverse"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
+                       "don't expect at least one line of context"),
+               OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
+                       "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"),
+               OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely),
+               OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", &options,
+                       "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file",
+                       INACCURATE_EOF),
+               OPT_BIT(0, "recount", &options,
+                       "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers",
+                       RECOUNT),
+               { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "directory", NULL, "root",
+                       "prepend <root> to all filenames",
+                       0, option_parse_directory },
+               OPT_END()
+       };
+
        prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&is_not_gitdir);
        prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
        git_config(git_apply_config, NULL);
        if (apply_default_whitespace)
                parse_whitespace_option(apply_default_whitespace);
+       if (apply_default_ignorewhitespace)
+               parse_ignorewhitespace_option(apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
 
-       for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+       argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_apply_options,
+                       apply_usage, 0);
+
+       if (apply_with_reject)
+               apply = apply_verbosely = 1;
+       if (!force_apply && (diffstat || numstat || summary || check || fake_ancestor))
+               apply = 0;
+       if (check_index && is_not_gitdir)
+               die("--index outside a repository");
+       if (cached) {
+               if (is_not_gitdir)
+                       die("--cached outside a repository");
+               check_index = 1;
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
                const char *arg = argv[i];
-               char *end;
                int fd;
 
                if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
                        errs |= apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", options);
                        read_stdin = 0;
                        continue;
-               }
-               if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exclude=")) {
-                       struct excludes *x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x));
-                       x->path = arg + 10;
-                       x->next = excludes;
-                       excludes = x;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-p")) {
-                       p_value = atoi(arg + 2);
-                       p_value_known = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-add")) {
-                       no_add = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--stat")) {
-                       apply = 0;
-                       diffstat = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--allow-binary-replacement") ||
-                   !strcmp(arg, "--binary")) {
-                       continue; /* now no-op */
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat")) {
-                       apply = 0;
-                       numstat = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--summary")) {
-                       apply = 0;
-                       summary = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--check")) {
-                       apply = 0;
-                       check = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--index")) {
-                       if (is_not_gitdir)
-                               die("--index outside a repository");
-                       check_index = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--cached")) {
-                       if (is_not_gitdir)
-                               die("--cached outside a repository");
-                       check_index = 1;
-                       cached = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--apply")) {
-                       apply = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--build-fake-ancestor")) {
-                       apply = 0;
-                       if (++i >= argc)
-                               die ("need a filename");
-                       fake_ancestor = argv[i];
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "-z")) {
-                       line_termination = 0;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-C")) {
-                       p_context = strtoul(arg + 2, &end, 0);
-                       if (*end != '\0')
-                               die("unrecognized context count '%s'", arg + 2);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--whitespace=")) {
-                       whitespace_option = arg + 13;
-                       parse_whitespace_option(arg + 13);
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "-R") || !strcmp(arg, "--reverse")) {
-                       apply_in_reverse = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--unidiff-zero")) {
-                       unidiff_zero = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--reject")) {
-                       apply = apply_with_reject = apply_verbosely = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "-v") || !strcmp(arg, "--verbose")) {
-                       apply_verbosely = 1;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--inaccurate-eof")) {
-                       options |= INACCURATE_EOF;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!strcmp(arg, "--recount")) {
-                       options |= RECOUNT;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--directory=")) {
-                       arg += strlen("--directory=");
-                       root_len = strlen(arg);
-                       if (root_len && arg[root_len - 1] != '/') {
-                               char *new_root;
-                               root = new_root = xmalloc(root_len + 2);
-                               strcpy(new_root, arg);
-                               strcpy(new_root + root_len++, "/");
-                       } else
-                               root = arg;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               if (0 < prefix_length)
+               } else if (0 < prefix_length)
                        arg = prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
 
                fd = open(arg, O_RDONLY);
                if (fd < 0)
-                       die("can't open patch '%s': %s", arg, strerror(errno));
+                       die_errno("can't open patch '%s'", arg);
                read_stdin = 0;
                set_default_whitespace_mode(whitespace_option);
                errs |= apply_patch(fd, arg, options);
@@ -3315,8 +3631,8 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
                    squelch_whitespace_errors < whitespace_error) {
                        int squelched =
                                whitespace_error - squelch_whitespace_errors;
-                       fprintf(stderr, "warning: squelched %d "
-                               "whitespace error%s\n",
+                       warning("squelched %d "
+                               "whitespace error%s",
                                squelched,
                                squelched == 1 ? "" : "s");
                }
@@ -3326,12 +3642,12 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
                            whitespace_error == 1 ? "" : "s",
                            whitespace_error == 1 ? "s" : "");
                if (applied_after_fixing_ws && apply)
-                       fprintf(stderr, "warning: %d line%s applied after"
-                               " fixing whitespace errors.\n",
+                       warning("%d line%s applied after"
+                               " fixing whitespace errors.",
                                applied_after_fixing_ws,
                                applied_after_fixing_ws == 1 ? "" : "s");
                else if (whitespace_error)
-                       fprintf(stderr, "warning: %d line%s add%s whitespace errors.\n",
+                       warning("%d line%s add%s whitespace errors.",
                                whitespace_error,
                                whitespace_error == 1 ? "" : "s",
                                whitespace_error == 1 ? "s" : "");