pretty: respect color settings for %C placeholders
[gitweb.git] / remote.c
index 33c8e5055b8139fd248cd7b9250fa6e53f829ffa..d87482573d38b057257c08024fbe6b4339661481 100644 (file)
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "config.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+enum map_direction { FROM_SRC, FROM_DST };
+
+static struct refspec s_tag_refspec = {
+       0,
+       1,
+       0,
+       0,
+       "refs/tags/*",
+       "refs/tags/*"
+};
+
+const struct refspec *tag_refspec = &s_tag_refspec;
+
+struct counted_string {
+       size_t len;
+       const char *s;
+};
+struct rewrite {
+       const char *base;
+       size_t baselen;
+       struct counted_string *instead_of;
+       int instead_of_nr;
+       int instead_of_alloc;
+};
+struct rewrites {
+       struct rewrite **rewrite;
+       int rewrite_alloc;
+       int rewrite_nr;
+};
 
 static struct remote **remotes;
-static int allocated_remotes;
+static int remotes_alloc;
+static int remotes_nr;
+static struct hashmap remotes_hash;
+
+static struct branch **branches;
+static int branches_alloc;
+static int branches_nr;
+
+static struct branch *current_branch;
+static const char *pushremote_name;
+
+static struct rewrites rewrites;
+static struct rewrites rewrites_push;
+
+static int valid_remote(const struct remote *remote)
+{
+       return (!!remote->url) || (!!remote->foreign_vcs);
+}
+
+static const char *alias_url(const char *url, struct rewrites *r)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       struct counted_string *longest;
+       int longest_i;
+
+       longest = NULL;
+       longest_i = -1;
+       for (i = 0; i < r->rewrite_nr; i++) {
+               if (!r->rewrite[i])
+                       continue;
+               for (j = 0; j < r->rewrite[i]->instead_of_nr; j++) {
+                       if (starts_with(url, r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].s) &&
+                           (!longest ||
+                            longest->len < r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].len)) {
+                               longest = &(r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j]);
+                               longest_i = i;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       if (!longest)
+               return url;
 
-#define BUF_SIZE (2048)
-static char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
+       return xstrfmt("%s%s", r->rewrite[longest_i]->base, url + longest->len);
+}
 
 static void add_push_refspec(struct remote *remote, const char *ref)
 {
-       int nr = remote->push_refspec_nr + 1;
-       remote->push_refspec =
-               xrealloc(remote->push_refspec, nr * sizeof(char *));
-       remote->push_refspec[nr-1] = ref;
-       remote->push_refspec_nr = nr;
+       ALLOC_GROW(remote->push_refspec,
+                  remote->push_refspec_nr + 1,
+                  remote->push_refspec_alloc);
+       remote->push_refspec[remote->push_refspec_nr++] = ref;
 }
 
 static void add_fetch_refspec(struct remote *remote, const char *ref)
 {
-       int nr = remote->fetch_refspec_nr + 1;
-       remote->fetch_refspec =
-               xrealloc(remote->fetch_refspec, nr * sizeof(char *));
-       remote->fetch_refspec[nr-1] = ref;
-       remote->fetch_refspec_nr = nr;
+       ALLOC_GROW(remote->fetch_refspec,
+                  remote->fetch_refspec_nr + 1,
+                  remote->fetch_refspec_alloc);
+       remote->fetch_refspec[remote->fetch_refspec_nr++] = ref;
+}
+
+static void add_url(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+       ALLOC_GROW(remote->url, remote->url_nr + 1, remote->url_alloc);
+       remote->url[remote->url_nr++] = url;
+}
+
+static void add_pushurl(struct remote *remote, const char *pushurl)
+{
+       ALLOC_GROW(remote->pushurl, remote->pushurl_nr + 1, remote->pushurl_alloc);
+       remote->pushurl[remote->pushurl_nr++] = pushurl;
+}
+
+static void add_pushurl_alias(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+       const char *pushurl = alias_url(url, &rewrites_push);
+       if (pushurl != url)
+               add_pushurl(remote, pushurl);
+}
+
+static void add_url_alias(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+       add_url(remote, alias_url(url, &rewrites));
+       add_pushurl_alias(remote, url);
+}
+
+struct remotes_hash_key {
+       const char *str;
+       int len;
+};
+
+static int remotes_hash_cmp(const struct remote *a, const struct remote *b, const struct remotes_hash_key *key)
+{
+       if (key)
+               return strncmp(a->name, key->str, key->len) || a->name[key->len];
+       else
+               return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
 }
 
-static void add_uri(struct remote *remote, const char *uri)
+static inline void init_remotes_hash(void)
 {
-       int nr = remote->uri_nr + 1;
-       remote->uri =
-               xrealloc(remote->uri, nr * sizeof(char *));
-       remote->uri[nr-1] = uri;
-       remote->uri_nr = nr;
+       if (!remotes_hash.cmpfn)
+               hashmap_init(&remotes_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn)remotes_hash_cmp, 0);
 }
 
 static struct remote *make_remote(const char *name, int len)
 {
-       int i, empty = -1;
+       struct remote *ret, *replaced;
+       struct remotes_hash_key lookup;
+       struct hashmap_entry lookup_entry;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < allocated_remotes; i++) {
-               if (!remotes[i]) {
-                       if (empty < 0)
-                               empty = i;
-               } else {
-                       if (len ? (!strncmp(name, remotes[i]->name, len) &&
-                                  !remotes[i]->name[len]) :
-                           !strcmp(name, remotes[i]->name))
-                               return remotes[i];
-               }
-       }
+       if (!len)
+               len = strlen(name);
+
+       init_remotes_hash();
+       lookup.str = name;
+       lookup.len = len;
+       hashmap_entry_init(&lookup_entry, memhash(name, len));
+
+       if ((ret = hashmap_get(&remotes_hash, &lookup_entry, &lookup)) != NULL)
+               return ret;
+
+       ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct remote));
+       ret->prune = -1;  /* unspecified */
+       ALLOC_GROW(remotes, remotes_nr + 1, remotes_alloc);
+       remotes[remotes_nr++] = ret;
+       ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
+
+       hashmap_entry_init(ret, lookup_entry.hash);
+       replaced = hashmap_put(&remotes_hash, ret);
+       assert(replaced == NULL);  /* no previous entry overwritten */
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static void add_merge(struct branch *branch, const char *name)
+{
+       ALLOC_GROW(branch->merge_name, branch->merge_nr + 1,
+                  branch->merge_alloc);
+       branch->merge_name[branch->merge_nr++] = name;
+}
 
-       if (empty < 0) {
-               empty = allocated_remotes;
-               allocated_remotes += allocated_remotes ? allocated_remotes : 1;
-               remotes = xrealloc(remotes,
-                                  sizeof(*remotes) * allocated_remotes);
-               memset(remotes + empty, 0,
-                      (allocated_remotes - empty) * sizeof(*remotes));
+static struct branch *make_branch(const char *name, int len)
+{
+       struct branch *ret;
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < branches_nr; i++) {
+               if (len ? (!strncmp(name, branches[i]->name, len) &&
+                          !branches[i]->name[len]) :
+                   !strcmp(name, branches[i]->name))
+                       return branches[i];
        }
-       remotes[empty] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct remote));
+
+       ALLOC_GROW(branches, branches_nr + 1, branches_alloc);
+       ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct branch));
+       branches[branches_nr++] = ret;
        if (len)
-               remotes[empty]->name = xstrndup(name, len);
+               ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
        else
-               remotes[empty]->name = xstrdup(name);
-       return remotes[empty];
+               ret->name = xstrdup(name);
+       ret->refname = xstrfmt("refs/heads/%s", ret->name);
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static struct rewrite *make_rewrite(struct rewrites *r, const char *base, int len)
+{
+       struct rewrite *ret;
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < r->rewrite_nr; i++) {
+               if (len
+                   ? (len == r->rewrite[i]->baselen &&
+                      !strncmp(base, r->rewrite[i]->base, len))
+                   : !strcmp(base, r->rewrite[i]->base))
+                       return r->rewrite[i];
+       }
+
+       ALLOC_GROW(r->rewrite, r->rewrite_nr + 1, r->rewrite_alloc);
+       ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct rewrite));
+       r->rewrite[r->rewrite_nr++] = ret;
+       if (len) {
+               ret->base = xstrndup(base, len);
+               ret->baselen = len;
+       }
+       else {
+               ret->base = xstrdup(base);
+               ret->baselen = strlen(base);
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static void add_instead_of(struct rewrite *rewrite, const char *instead_of)
+{
+       ALLOC_GROW(rewrite->instead_of, rewrite->instead_of_nr + 1, rewrite->instead_of_alloc);
+       rewrite->instead_of[rewrite->instead_of_nr].s = instead_of;
+       rewrite->instead_of[rewrite->instead_of_nr].len = strlen(instead_of);
+       rewrite->instead_of_nr++;
+}
+
+static const char *skip_spaces(const char *s)
+{
+       while (isspace(*s))
+               s++;
+       return s;
 }
 
 static void read_remotes_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
-       FILE *f = fopen(git_path("remotes/%s", remote->name), "r");
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       FILE *f = fopen_or_warn(git_path("remotes/%s", remote->name), "r");
 
        if (!f)
                return;
-       while (fgets(buffer, BUF_SIZE, f)) {
-               int value_list;
-               char *s, *p;
-
-               if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "URL:")) {
-                       value_list = 0;
-                       s = buffer + 4;
-               } else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "Push:")) {
-                       value_list = 1;
-                       s = buffer + 5;
-               } else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "Pull:")) {
-                       value_list = 2;
-                       s = buffer + 5;
-               } else
-                       continue;
-
-               while (isspace(*s))
-                       s++;
-               if (!*s)
-                       continue;
+       remote->configured_in_repo = 1;
+       remote->origin = REMOTE_REMOTES;
+       while (strbuf_getline(&buf, f) != EOF) {
+               const char *v;
 
-               p = s + strlen(s);
-               while (isspace(p[-1]))
-                       *--p = 0;
+               strbuf_rtrim(&buf);
 
-               switch (value_list) {
-               case 0:
-                       add_uri(remote, xstrdup(s));
-                       break;
-               case 1:
-                       add_push_refspec(remote, xstrdup(s));
-                       break;
-               case 2:
-                       add_fetch_refspec(remote, xstrdup(s));
-                       break;
-               }
+               if (skip_prefix(buf.buf, "URL:", &v))
+                       add_url_alias(remote, xstrdup(skip_spaces(v)));
+               else if (skip_prefix(buf.buf, "Push:", &v))
+                       add_push_refspec(remote, xstrdup(skip_spaces(v)));
+               else if (skip_prefix(buf.buf, "Pull:", &v))
+                       add_fetch_refspec(remote, xstrdup(skip_spaces(v)));
        }
+       strbuf_release(&buf);
        fclose(f);
 }
 
 static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
-       const char *slash = strchr(remote->name, '/');
-       int n = slash ? slash - remote->name : 1000;
-       FILE *f = fopen(git_path("branches/%.*s", n, remote->name), "r");
-       char *s, *p;
-       int len;
+       char *frag;
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       FILE *f = fopen_or_warn(git_path("branches/%s", remote->name), "r");
 
        if (!f)
                return;
-       s = fgets(buffer, BUF_SIZE, f);
+
+       strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, f);
        fclose(f);
-       if (!s)
-               return;
-       while (isspace(*s))
-               s++;
-       if (!*s)
+       strbuf_trim(&buf);
+       if (!buf.len) {
+               strbuf_release(&buf);
                return;
-       p = s + strlen(s);
-       while (isspace(p[-1]))
-               *--p = 0;
-       len = p - s;
-       if (slash)
-               len += strlen(slash);
-       p = xmalloc(len + 1);
-       strcpy(p, s);
-       if (slash)
-               strcat(p, slash);
-       add_uri(remote, p);
-}
+       }
 
-static char *default_remote_name = NULL;
-static const char *current_branch = NULL;
-static int current_branch_len = 0;
+       remote->configured_in_repo = 1;
+       remote->origin = REMOTE_BRANCHES;
 
-static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value)
+       /*
+        * The branches file would have URL and optionally
+        * #branch specified.  The "master" (or specified) branch is
+        * fetched and stored in the local branch matching the
+        * remote name.
+        */
+       frag = strchr(buf.buf, '#');
+       if (frag)
+               *(frag++) = '\0';
+       else
+               frag = "master";
+
+       add_url_alias(remote, strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+       add_fetch_refspec(remote, xstrfmt("refs/heads/%s:refs/heads/%s",
+                                         frag, remote->name));
+
+       /*
+        * Cogito compatible push: push current HEAD to remote #branch
+        * (master if missing)
+        */
+       add_push_refspec(remote, xstrfmt("HEAD:refs/heads/%s", frag));
+       remote->fetch_tags = 1; /* always auto-follow */
+}
+
+static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
        const char *name;
+       int namelen;
        const char *subkey;
        struct remote *remote;
-       if (!prefixcmp(key, "branch.") && current_branch &&
-           !strncmp(key + 7, current_branch, current_branch_len) &&
-           !strcmp(key + 7 + current_branch_len, ".remote")) {
-               free(default_remote_name);
-               default_remote_name = xstrdup(value);
+       struct branch *branch;
+       if (parse_config_key(key, "branch", &name, &namelen, &subkey) >= 0) {
+               if (!name)
+                       return 0;
+               branch = make_branch(name, namelen);
+               if (!strcmp(subkey, "remote")) {
+                       return git_config_string(&branch->remote_name, key, value);
+               } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "pushremote")) {
+                       return git_config_string(&branch->pushremote_name, key, value);
+               } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "merge")) {
+                       if (!value)
+                               return config_error_nonbool(key);
+                       add_merge(branch, xstrdup(value));
+               }
+               return 0;
+       }
+       if (parse_config_key(key, "url", &name, &namelen, &subkey) >= 0) {
+               struct rewrite *rewrite;
+               if (!name)
+                       return 0;
+               if (!strcmp(subkey, "insteadof")) {
+                       rewrite = make_rewrite(&rewrites, name, namelen);
+                       if (!value)
+                               return config_error_nonbool(key);
+                       add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
+               } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "pushinsteadof")) {
+                       rewrite = make_rewrite(&rewrites_push, name, namelen);
+                       if (!value)
+                               return config_error_nonbool(key);
+                       add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
+               }
        }
-       if (prefixcmp(key,  "remote."))
+
+       if (parse_config_key(key, "remote", &name, &namelen, &subkey) < 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       /* Handle remote.* variables */
+       if (!name && !strcmp(subkey, "pushdefault"))
+               return git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value);
+
+       if (!name)
                return 0;
-       name = key + 7;
-       subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
-       if (!subkey)
-               return error("Config with no key for remote %s", name);
-       if (*subkey == '/') {
-               warning("Config remote shorthand cannot begin with '/': %s", name);
+       /* Handle remote.<name>.* variables */
+       if (*name == '/') {
+               warning("Config remote shorthand cannot begin with '/': %s",
+                       name);
                return 0;
        }
-       remote = make_remote(name, subkey - name);
-       if (!value) {
-               /* if we ever have a boolean variable, e.g. "remote.*.disabled"
-                * [remote "frotz"]
-                *      disabled
-                * is a valid way to set it to true; we get NULL in value so
-                * we need to handle it here.
-                *
-                * if (!strcmp(subkey, ".disabled")) {
-                *      val = git_config_bool(key, value);
-                *      return 0;
-                * } else
-                *
-                */
-               return 0; /* ignore unknown booleans */
-       }
-       if (!strcmp(subkey, ".url")) {
-               add_uri(remote, xstrdup(value));
-       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".push")) {
-               add_push_refspec(remote, xstrdup(value));
-       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".fetch")) {
-               add_fetch_refspec(remote, xstrdup(value));
-       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".receivepack")) {
+       remote = make_remote(name, namelen);
+       remote->origin = REMOTE_CONFIG;
+       if (current_config_scope() == CONFIG_SCOPE_REPO)
+               remote->configured_in_repo = 1;
+       if (!strcmp(subkey, "mirror"))
+               remote->mirror = git_config_bool(key, value);
+       else if (!strcmp(subkey, "skipdefaultupdate"))
+               remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
+       else if (!strcmp(subkey, "skipfetchall"))
+               remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
+       else if (!strcmp(subkey, "prune"))
+               remote->prune = git_config_bool(key, value);
+       else if (!strcmp(subkey, "url")) {
+               const char *v;
+               if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+                       return -1;
+               add_url(remote, v);
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "pushurl")) {
+               const char *v;
+               if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+                       return -1;
+               add_pushurl(remote, v);
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "push")) {
+               const char *v;
+               if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+                       return -1;
+               add_push_refspec(remote, v);
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "fetch")) {
+               const char *v;
+               if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+                       return -1;
+               add_fetch_refspec(remote, v);
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "receivepack")) {
+               const char *v;
+               if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+                       return -1;
                if (!remote->receivepack)
-                       remote->receivepack = xstrdup(value);
+                       remote->receivepack = v;
                else
                        error("more than one receivepack given, using the first");
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "uploadpack")) {
+               const char *v;
+               if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
+                       return -1;
+               if (!remote->uploadpack)
+                       remote->uploadpack = v;
+               else
+                       error("more than one uploadpack given, using the first");
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "tagopt")) {
+               if (!strcmp(value, "--no-tags"))
+                       remote->fetch_tags = -1;
+               else if (!strcmp(value, "--tags"))
+                       remote->fetch_tags = 2;
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "proxy")) {
+               return git_config_string((const char **)&remote->http_proxy,
+                                        key, value);
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "proxyauthmethod")) {
+               return git_config_string((const char **)&remote->http_proxy_authmethod,
+                                        key, value);
+       } else if (!strcmp(subkey, "vcs")) {
+               return git_config_string(&remote->foreign_vcs, key, value);
        }
        return 0;
 }
 
+static void alias_all_urls(void)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr; i++) {
+               int add_pushurl_aliases;
+               if (!remotes[i])
+                       continue;
+               for (j = 0; j < remotes[i]->pushurl_nr; j++) {
+                       remotes[i]->pushurl[j] = alias_url(remotes[i]->pushurl[j], &rewrites);
+               }
+               add_pushurl_aliases = remotes[i]->pushurl_nr == 0;
+               for (j = 0; j < remotes[i]->url_nr; j++) {
+                       if (add_pushurl_aliases)
+                               add_pushurl_alias(remotes[i], remotes[i]->url[j]);
+                       remotes[i]->url[j] = alias_url(remotes[i]->url[j], &rewrites);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
 static void read_config(void)
 {
-       unsigned char sha1[20];
-       const char *head_ref;
+       static int loaded;
+       struct object_id oid;
        int flag;
-       if (default_remote_name) // did this already
+
+       if (loaded)
                return;
-       default_remote_name = xstrdup("origin");
+       loaded = 1;
+
        current_branch = NULL;
-       head_ref = resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 0, &flag);
-       if (head_ref && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
-           !prefixcmp(head_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
-               current_branch = head_ref + strlen("refs/heads/");
-               current_branch_len = strlen(current_branch);
+       if (startup_info->have_repository) {
+               const char *head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, oid.hash, &flag);
+               if (head_ref && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+                   skip_prefix(head_ref, "refs/heads/", &head_ref)) {
+                       current_branch = make_branch(head_ref, 0);
+               }
        }
-       git_config(handle_config);
+       git_config(handle_config, NULL);
+       alias_all_urls();
 }
 
-static struct refspec *parse_ref_spec(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec)
+static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int fetch, int verify)
 {
        int i;
-       struct refspec *rs = xcalloc(sizeof(*rs), nr_refspec);
+       struct refspec *rs = xcalloc(nr_refspec, sizeof(*rs));
+
        for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
-               const char *sp, *ep, *gp;
-               sp = refspec[i];
-               if (*sp == '+') {
+               size_t llen;
+               int is_glob;
+               const char *lhs, *rhs;
+               int flags;
+
+               is_glob = 0;
+
+               lhs = refspec[i];
+               if (*lhs == '+') {
                        rs[i].force = 1;
-                       sp++;
-               }
-               gp = strchr(sp, '*');
-               ep = strchr(sp, ':');
-               if (gp && ep && gp > ep)
-                       gp = NULL;
-               if (ep) {
-                       if (ep[1]) {
-                               const char *glob = strchr(ep + 1, '*');
-                               if (!glob)
-                                       gp = NULL;
-                               if (gp)
-                                       rs[i].dst = xstrndup(ep + 1,
-                                                            glob - ep - 1);
-                               else
-                                       rs[i].dst = xstrdup(ep + 1);
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       ep = sp + strlen(sp);
+                       lhs++;
+               }
+
+               rhs = strrchr(lhs, ':');
+
+               /*
+                * Before going on, special case ":" (or "+:") as a refspec
+                * for pushing matching refs.
+                */
+               if (!fetch && rhs == lhs && rhs[1] == '\0') {
+                       rs[i].matching = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (rhs) {
+                       size_t rlen = strlen(++rhs);
+                       is_glob = (1 <= rlen && strchr(rhs, '*'));
+                       rs[i].dst = xstrndup(rhs, rlen);
                }
-               if (gp) {
-                       rs[i].pattern = 1;
-                       ep = gp;
+
+               llen = (rhs ? (rhs - lhs - 1) : strlen(lhs));
+               if (1 <= llen && memchr(lhs, '*', llen)) {
+                       if ((rhs && !is_glob) || (!rhs && fetch))
+                               goto invalid;
+                       is_glob = 1;
+               } else if (rhs && is_glob) {
+                       goto invalid;
+               }
+
+               rs[i].pattern = is_glob;
+               rs[i].src = xstrndup(lhs, llen);
+               flags = REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL | (is_glob ? REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN : 0);
+
+               if (fetch) {
+                       struct object_id unused;
+
+                       /* LHS */
+                       if (!*rs[i].src)
+                               ; /* empty is ok; it means "HEAD" */
+                       else if (llen == GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ && !get_oid_hex(rs[i].src, &unused))
+                               rs[i].exact_sha1 = 1; /* ok */
+                       else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+                               ; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+                       else
+                               goto invalid;
+                       /* RHS */
+                       if (!rs[i].dst)
+                               ; /* missing is ok; it is the same as empty */
+                       else if (!*rs[i].dst)
+                               ; /* empty is ok; it means "do not store" */
+                       else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+                               ; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+                       else
+                               goto invalid;
+               } else {
+                       /*
+                        * LHS
+                        * - empty is allowed; it means delete.
+                        * - when wildcarded, it must be a valid looking ref.
+                        * - otherwise, it must be an extended SHA-1, but
+                        *   there is no existing way to validate this.
+                        */
+                       if (!*rs[i].src)
+                               ; /* empty is ok */
+                       else if (is_glob) {
+                               if (check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+                                       goto invalid;
+                       }
+                       else
+                               ; /* anything goes, for now */
+                       /*
+                        * RHS
+                        * - missing is allowed, but LHS then must be a
+                        *   valid looking ref.
+                        * - empty is not allowed.
+                        * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
+                        */
+                       if (!rs[i].dst) {
+                               if (check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+                                       goto invalid;
+                       } else if (!*rs[i].dst) {
+                               goto invalid;
+                       } else {
+                               if (check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+                                       goto invalid;
+                       }
                }
-               rs[i].src = xstrndup(sp, ep - sp);
        }
        return rs;
+
+ invalid:
+       if (verify) {
+               /*
+                * nr_refspec must be greater than zero and i must be valid
+                * since it is only possible to reach this point from within
+                * the for loop above.
+                */
+               free_refspec(i+1, rs);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+       die("Invalid refspec '%s'", refspec[i]);
 }
 
-struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+int valid_fetch_refspec(const char *fetch_refspec_str)
 {
-       struct remote *ret;
+       struct refspec *refspec;
 
-       read_config();
-       if (!name)
-               name = default_remote_name;
-       ret = make_remote(name, 0);
-       if (name[0] != '/') {
-               if (!ret->uri)
-                       read_remotes_file(ret);
-               if (!ret->uri)
-                       read_branches_file(ret);
-       }
-       if (!ret->uri)
-               add_uri(ret, name);
-       if (!ret->uri)
-               return NULL;
-       ret->fetch = parse_ref_spec(ret->fetch_refspec_nr, ret->fetch_refspec);
-       ret->push = parse_ref_spec(ret->push_refspec_nr, ret->push_refspec);
-       return ret;
+       refspec = parse_refspec_internal(1, &fetch_refspec_str, 1, 1);
+       free_refspec(1, refspec);
+       return !!refspec;
 }
 
-int remote_has_uri(struct remote *remote, const char *uri)
+struct refspec *parse_fetch_refspec(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec)
 {
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < remote->uri_nr; i++) {
-               if (!strcmp(remote->uri[i], uri))
-                       return 1;
-       }
-       return 0;
+       return parse_refspec_internal(nr_refspec, refspec, 1, 0);
 }
 
-int remote_find_tracking(struct remote *remote, struct refspec *refspec)
+struct refspec *parse_push_refspec(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec)
+{
+       return parse_refspec_internal(nr_refspec, refspec, 0, 0);
+}
+
+void free_refspec(int nr_refspec, struct refspec *refspec)
 {
        int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++) {
-               struct refspec *fetch = &remote->fetch[i];
-               if (!fetch->dst)
-                       continue;
-               if (fetch->pattern) {
-                       if (!prefixcmp(refspec->src, fetch->src)) {
-                               refspec->dst =
-                                       xmalloc(strlen(fetch->dst) +
-                                               strlen(refspec->src) -
-                                               strlen(fetch->src) + 1);
-                               strcpy(refspec->dst, fetch->dst);
-                               strcpy(refspec->dst + strlen(fetch->dst),
-                                      refspec->src + strlen(fetch->src));
-                               refspec->force = fetch->force;
-                               return 0;
-                       }
-               } else {
-                       if (!strcmp(refspec->src, fetch->src)) {
-                               refspec->dst = xstrdup(fetch->dst);
-                               refspec->force = fetch->force;
-                               return 0;
-                       }
-               }
+
+       if (!refspec)
+               return;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
+               free(refspec[i].src);
+               free(refspec[i].dst);
        }
-       refspec->dst = NULL;
-       return -1;
+       free(refspec);
 }
 
-static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
-                              struct ref *refs,
-                              struct ref **matched_ref)
+static int valid_remote_nick(const char *name)
 {
-       int patlen = strlen(pattern);
-       struct ref *matched_weak = NULL;
-       struct ref *matched = NULL;
-       int weak_match = 0;
-       int match = 0;
-
-       for (weak_match = match = 0; refs; refs = refs->next) {
-               char *name = refs->name;
-               int namelen = strlen(name);
-               int weak_match;
+       if (!name[0] || is_dot_or_dotdot(name))
+               return 0;
 
-               if (namelen < patlen ||
-                   memcmp(name + namelen - patlen, pattern, patlen))
-                       continue;
-               if (namelen != patlen && name[namelen - patlen - 1] != '/')
-                       continue;
+       /* remote nicknames cannot contain slashes */
+       while (*name)
+               if (is_dir_sep(*name++))
+                       return 0;
+       return 1;
+}
 
-               /* A match is "weak" if it is with refs outside
-                * heads or tags, and did not specify the pattern
-                * in full (e.g. "refs/remotes/origin/master") or at
-                * least from the toplevel (e.g. "remotes/origin/master");
-                * otherwise "git push $URL master" would result in
-                * ambiguity between remotes/origin/master and heads/master
-                * at the remote site.
-                */
-               if (namelen != patlen &&
-                   patlen != namelen - 5 &&
-                   prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") &&
-                   prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/")) {
-                       /* We want to catch the case where only weak
-                        * matches are found and there are multiple
-                        * matches, and where more than one strong
-                        * matches are found, as ambiguous.  One
-                        * strong match with zero or more weak matches
-                        * are acceptable as a unique match.
-                        */
-                       matched_weak = refs;
-                       weak_match++;
-               }
-               else {
-                       matched = refs;
-                       match++;
-               }
-       }
-       if (!matched) {
-               *matched_ref = matched_weak;
-               return weak_match;
-       }
-       else {
-               *matched_ref = matched;
-               return match;
+const char *remote_for_branch(struct branch *branch, int *explicit)
+{
+       if (branch && branch->remote_name) {
+               if (explicit)
+                       *explicit = 1;
+               return branch->remote_name;
        }
+       if (explicit)
+               *explicit = 0;
+       return "origin";
 }
 
-static void link_dst_tail(struct ref *ref, struct ref ***tail)
+const char *pushremote_for_branch(struct branch *branch, int *explicit)
 {
-       **tail = ref;
-       *tail = &ref->next;
-       **tail = NULL;
+       if (branch && branch->pushremote_name) {
+               if (explicit)
+                       *explicit = 1;
+               return branch->pushremote_name;
+       }
+       if (pushremote_name) {
+               if (explicit)
+                       *explicit = 1;
+               return pushremote_name;
+       }
+       return remote_for_branch(branch, explicit);
 }
 
-static struct ref *try_explicit_object_name(const char *name)
+static struct remote *remote_get_1(const char *name,
+                                  const char *(*get_default)(struct branch *, int *))
 {
-       unsigned char sha1[20];
-       struct ref *ref;
-       int len;
+       struct remote *ret;
+       int name_given = 0;
 
-       if (!*name) {
-               ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + 20);
-               strcpy(ref->name, "(delete)");
-               hashclr(ref->new_sha1);
-               return ref;
+       read_config();
+
+       if (name)
+               name_given = 1;
+       else
+               name = get_default(current_branch, &name_given);
+
+       ret = make_remote(name, 0);
+       if (valid_remote_nick(name) && have_git_dir()) {
+               if (!valid_remote(ret))
+                       read_remotes_file(ret);
+               if (!valid_remote(ret))
+                       read_branches_file(ret);
        }
-       if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+       if (name_given && !valid_remote(ret))
+               add_url_alias(ret, name);
+       if (!valid_remote(ret))
                return NULL;
-       len = strlen(name) + 1;
-       ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + len);
-       memcpy(ref->name, name, len);
-       hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
-       return ref;
+       ret->fetch = parse_fetch_refspec(ret->fetch_refspec_nr, ret->fetch_refspec);
+       ret->push = parse_push_refspec(ret->push_refspec_nr, ret->push_refspec);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static int match_explicit_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
-                              struct ref ***dst_tail, struct refspec *rs,
-                              int rs_nr)
+struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
 {
-       int i, errs;
-       for (i = errs = 0; i < rs_nr; i++) {
-               struct ref *matched_src, *matched_dst;
+       return remote_get_1(name, remote_for_branch);
+}
+
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name)
+{
+       return remote_get_1(name, pushremote_for_branch);
+}
 
-               const char *dst_value = rs[i].dst;
+int remote_is_configured(struct remote *remote, int in_repo)
+{
+       if (!remote)
+               return 0;
+       if (in_repo)
+               return remote->configured_in_repo;
+       return !!remote->origin;
+}
 
-               if (rs[i].pattern)
+int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv)
+{
+       int i, result = 0;
+       read_config();
+       for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr && !result; i++) {
+               struct remote *r = remotes[i];
+               if (!r)
                        continue;
+               if (!r->fetch)
+                       r->fetch = parse_fetch_refspec(r->fetch_refspec_nr,
+                                                      r->fetch_refspec);
+               if (!r->push)
+                       r->push = parse_push_refspec(r->push_refspec_nr,
+                                                    r->push_refspec);
+               result = fn(r, priv);
+       }
+       return result;
+}
 
-               if (dst_value == NULL)
-                       dst_value = rs[i].src;
-
-               matched_src = matched_dst = NULL;
-               switch (count_refspec_match(rs[i].src, src, &matched_src)) {
-               case 1:
-                       break;
-               case 0:
-                       /* The source could be in the get_sha1() format
-                        * not a reference name.  :refs/other is a
-                        * way to delete 'other' ref at the remote end.
+static void handle_duplicate(struct ref *ref1, struct ref *ref2)
+{
+       if (strcmp(ref1->name, ref2->name)) {
+               if (ref1->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+                   ref2->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+                       die(_("Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"),
+                           ref1->name, ref2->name, ref2->peer_ref->name);
+               } else if (ref1->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+                          ref2->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+                       warning(_("%s usually tracks %s, not %s"),
+                               ref2->peer_ref->name, ref2->name, ref1->name);
+               } else if (ref1->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+                          ref2->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+                       die(_("%s tracks both %s and %s"),
+                           ref2->peer_ref->name, ref1->name, ref2->name);
+               } else {
+                       /*
+                        * This last possibility doesn't occur because
+                        * FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE entries always appear at
+                        * the end of the list.
                         */
-                       matched_src = try_explicit_object_name(rs[i].src);
-                       if (matched_src)
-                               break;
-                       errs = 1;
-                       error("src refspec %s does not match any.",
-                             rs[i].src);
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       errs = 1;
-                       error("src refspec %s matches more than one.",
-                             rs[i].src);
-                       break;
+                       die(_("Internal error"));
                }
-               switch (count_refspec_match(dst_value, dst, &matched_dst)) {
-               case 1:
-                       break;
-               case 0:
-                       if (!memcmp(dst_value, "refs/", 5)) {
-                               int len = strlen(dst_value) + 1;
-                               matched_dst = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*dst) + len);
-                               memcpy(matched_dst->name, dst_value, len);
-                               link_dst_tail(matched_dst, dst_tail);
-                       }
-                       else if (!strcmp(rs[i].src, dst_value) &&
-                                matched_src) {
-                               /* pushing "master:master" when
-                                * remote does not have master yet.
-                                */
-                               int len = strlen(matched_src->name) + 1;
-                               matched_dst = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*dst) + len);
-                               memcpy(matched_dst->name, matched_src->name,
-                                      len);
-                               link_dst_tail(matched_dst, dst_tail);
+       }
+       free(ref2->peer_ref);
+       free(ref2);
+}
+
+struct ref *ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+       struct string_list refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+       struct ref *retval = NULL;
+       struct ref **p = &retval;
+
+       while (ref_map) {
+               struct ref *ref = ref_map;
+
+               ref_map = ref_map->next;
+               ref->next = NULL;
+
+               if (!ref->peer_ref) {
+                       *p = ref;
+                       p = &ref->next;
+               } else {
+                       struct string_list_item *item =
+                               string_list_insert(&refs, ref->peer_ref->name);
+
+                       if (item->util) {
+                               /* Entry already existed */
+                               handle_duplicate((struct ref *)item->util, ref);
+                       } else {
+                               *p = ref;
+                               p = &ref->next;
+                               item->util = ref;
                        }
-                       else {
-                               errs = 1;
-                               error("dst refspec %s does not match any "
-                                     "existing ref on the remote and does "
-                                     "not start with refs/.", dst_value);
+               }
+       }
+
+       string_list_clear(&refs, 0);
+       return retval;
+}
+
+int remote_has_url(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
+{
+       int i;
+       for (i = 0; i < remote->url_nr; i++) {
+               if (!strcmp(remote->url[i], url))
+                       return 1;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_name_with_pattern(const char *key, const char *name,
+                                  const char *value, char **result)
+{
+       const char *kstar = strchr(key, '*');
+       size_t klen;
+       size_t ksuffixlen;
+       size_t namelen;
+       int ret;
+       if (!kstar)
+               die("Key '%s' of pattern had no '*'", key);
+       klen = kstar - key;
+       ksuffixlen = strlen(kstar + 1);
+       namelen = strlen(name);
+       ret = !strncmp(name, key, klen) && namelen >= klen + ksuffixlen &&
+               !memcmp(name + namelen - ksuffixlen, kstar + 1, ksuffixlen);
+       if (ret && value) {
+               struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+               const char *vstar = strchr(value, '*');
+               if (!vstar)
+                       die("Value '%s' of pattern has no '*'", value);
+               strbuf_add(&sb, value, vstar - value);
+               strbuf_add(&sb, name + klen, namelen - klen - ksuffixlen);
+               strbuf_addstr(&sb, vstar + 1);
+               *result = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static void query_refspecs_multiple(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *query, struct string_list *results)
+{
+       int i;
+       int find_src = !query->src;
+
+       if (find_src && !query->dst)
+               error("query_refspecs_multiple: need either src or dst");
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
+               struct refspec *refspec = &refs[i];
+               const char *key = find_src ? refspec->dst : refspec->src;
+               const char *value = find_src ? refspec->src : refspec->dst;
+               const char *needle = find_src ? query->dst : query->src;
+               char **result = find_src ? &query->src : &query->dst;
+
+               if (!refspec->dst)
+                       continue;
+               if (refspec->pattern) {
+                       if (match_name_with_pattern(key, needle, value, result))
+                               string_list_append_nodup(results, *result);
+               } else if (!strcmp(needle, key)) {
+                       string_list_append(results, value);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+int query_refspecs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *query)
+{
+       int i;
+       int find_src = !query->src;
+       const char *needle = find_src ? query->dst : query->src;
+       char **result = find_src ? &query->src : &query->dst;
+
+       if (find_src && !query->dst)
+               return error("query_refspecs: need either src or dst");
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
+               struct refspec *refspec = &refs[i];
+               const char *key = find_src ? refspec->dst : refspec->src;
+               const char *value = find_src ? refspec->src : refspec->dst;
+
+               if (!refspec->dst)
+                       continue;
+               if (refspec->pattern) {
+                       if (match_name_with_pattern(key, needle, value, result)) {
+                               query->force = refspec->force;
+                               return 0;
                        }
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       errs = 1;
-                       error("dst refspec %s matches more than one.",
-                             dst_value);
-                       break;
+               } else if (!strcmp(needle, key)) {
+                       *result = xstrdup(value);
+                       query->force = refspec->force;
+                       return 0;
                }
-               if (errs)
+       }
+       return -1;
+}
+
+char *apply_refspecs(struct refspec *refspecs, int nr_refspec,
+                    const char *name)
+{
+       struct refspec query;
+
+       memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+       query.src = (char *)name;
+
+       if (query_refspecs(refspecs, nr_refspec, &query))
+               return NULL;
+
+       return query.dst;
+}
+
+int remote_find_tracking(struct remote *remote, struct refspec *refspec)
+{
+       return query_refspecs(remote->fetch, remote->fetch_refspec_nr, refspec);
+}
+
+static struct ref *alloc_ref_with_prefix(const char *prefix, size_t prefixlen,
+               const char *name)
+{
+       size_t len = strlen(name);
+       struct ref *ref = xcalloc(1, st_add4(sizeof(*ref), prefixlen, len, 1));
+       memcpy(ref->name, prefix, prefixlen);
+       memcpy(ref->name + prefixlen, name, len);
+       return ref;
+}
+
+struct ref *alloc_ref(const char *name)
+{
+       return alloc_ref_with_prefix("", 0, name);
+}
+
+struct ref *copy_ref(const struct ref *ref)
+{
+       struct ref *cpy;
+       size_t len;
+       if (!ref)
+               return NULL;
+       len = st_add3(sizeof(struct ref), strlen(ref->name), 1);
+       cpy = xmalloc(len);
+       memcpy(cpy, ref, len);
+       cpy->next = NULL;
+       cpy->symref = xstrdup_or_null(ref->symref);
+       cpy->remote_status = xstrdup_or_null(ref->remote_status);
+       cpy->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref->peer_ref);
+       return cpy;
+}
+
+struct ref *copy_ref_list(const struct ref *ref)
+{
+       struct ref *ret = NULL;
+       struct ref **tail = &ret;
+       while (ref) {
+               *tail = copy_ref(ref);
+               ref = ref->next;
+               tail = &((*tail)->next);
+       }
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static void free_ref(struct ref *ref)
+{
+       if (!ref)
+               return;
+       free_ref(ref->peer_ref);
+       free(ref->remote_status);
+       free(ref->symref);
+       free(ref);
+}
+
+void free_refs(struct ref *ref)
+{
+       struct ref *next;
+       while (ref) {
+               next = ref->next;
+               free_ref(ref);
+               ref = next;
+       }
+}
+
+int ref_compare_name(const void *va, const void *vb)
+{
+       const struct ref *a = va, *b = vb;
+       return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static void *ref_list_get_next(const void *a)
+{
+       return ((const struct ref *)a)->next;
+}
+
+static void ref_list_set_next(void *a, void *next)
+{
+       ((struct ref *)a)->next = next;
+}
+
+void sort_ref_list(struct ref **l, int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+       *l = llist_mergesort(*l, ref_list_get_next, ref_list_set_next, cmp);
+}
+
+int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
+                       struct ref *refs,
+                       struct ref **matched_ref)
+{
+       int patlen = strlen(pattern);
+       struct ref *matched_weak = NULL;
+       struct ref *matched = NULL;
+       int weak_match = 0;
+       int match = 0;
+
+       for (weak_match = match = 0; refs; refs = refs->next) {
+               char *name = refs->name;
+               int namelen = strlen(name);
+
+               if (!refname_match(pattern, name))
                        continue;
-               if (matched_dst->peer_ref) {
-                       errs = 1;
-                       error("dst ref %s receives from more than one src.",
-                             matched_dst->name);
+
+               /* A match is "weak" if it is with refs outside
+                * heads or tags, and did not specify the pattern
+                * in full (e.g. "refs/remotes/origin/master") or at
+                * least from the toplevel (e.g. "remotes/origin/master");
+                * otherwise "git push $URL master" would result in
+                * ambiguity between remotes/origin/master and heads/master
+                * at the remote site.
+                */
+               if (namelen != patlen &&
+                   patlen != namelen - 5 &&
+                   !starts_with(name, "refs/heads/") &&
+                   !starts_with(name, "refs/tags/")) {
+                       /* We want to catch the case where only weak
+                        * matches are found and there are multiple
+                        * matches, and where more than one strong
+                        * matches are found, as ambiguous.  One
+                        * strong match with zero or more weak matches
+                        * are acceptable as a unique match.
+                        */
+                       matched_weak = refs;
+                       weak_match++;
                }
                else {
-                       matched_dst->peer_ref = matched_src;
-                       matched_dst->force = rs[i].force;
+                       matched = refs;
+                       match++;
                }
        }
-       return -errs;
+       if (!matched) {
+               if (matched_ref)
+                       *matched_ref = matched_weak;
+               return weak_match;
+       }
+       else {
+               if (matched_ref)
+                       *matched_ref = matched;
+               return match;
+       }
 }
 
-static struct ref *find_ref_by_name(struct ref *list, const char *name)
+static void tail_link_ref(struct ref *ref, struct ref ***tail)
 {
-       for ( ; list; list = list->next)
-               if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
-                       return list;
-       return NULL;
+       **tail = ref;
+       while (ref->next)
+               ref = ref->next;
+       *tail = &ref->next;
 }
 
-static const struct refspec *check_pattern_match(const struct refspec *rs,
-                                                int rs_nr,
-                                                const struct ref *src)
+static struct ref *alloc_delete_ref(void)
 {
-       int i;
-       for (i = 0; i < rs_nr; i++) {
-               if (rs[i].pattern && !prefixcmp(src->name, rs[i].src))
-                       return rs + i;
+       struct ref *ref = alloc_ref("(delete)");
+       oidclr(&ref->new_oid);
+       return ref;
+}
+
+static int try_explicit_object_name(const char *name,
+                                   struct ref **match)
+{
+       struct object_id oid;
+
+       if (!*name) {
+               if (match)
+                       *match = alloc_delete_ref();
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (get_sha1(name, oid.hash))
+               return -1;
+
+       if (match) {
+               *match = alloc_ref(name);
+               oidcpy(&(*match)->new_oid, &oid);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static struct ref *make_linked_ref(const char *name, struct ref ***tail)
+{
+       struct ref *ret = alloc_ref(name);
+       tail_link_ref(ret, tail);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static char *guess_ref(const char *name, struct ref *peer)
+{
+       struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct object_id oid;
+
+       const char *r = resolve_ref_unsafe(peer->name, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+                                          oid.hash, NULL);
+       if (!r)
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (starts_with(r, "refs/heads/"))
+               strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/heads/");
+       else if (starts_with(r, "refs/tags/"))
+               strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/tags/");
+       else
+               return NULL;
+
+       strbuf_addstr(&buf, name);
+       return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+static int match_explicit_lhs(struct ref *src,
+                             struct refspec *rs,
+                             struct ref **match,
+                             int *allocated_match)
+{
+       switch (count_refspec_match(rs->src, src, match)) {
+       case 1:
+               if (allocated_match)
+                       *allocated_match = 0;
+               return 0;
+       case 0:
+               /* The source could be in the get_sha1() format
+                * not a reference name.  :refs/other is a
+                * way to delete 'other' ref at the remote end.
+                */
+               if (try_explicit_object_name(rs->src, match) < 0)
+                       return error("src refspec %s does not match any.", rs->src);
+               if (allocated_match)
+                       *allocated_match = 1;
+               return 0;
+       default:
+               return error("src refspec %s matches more than one.", rs->src);
        }
-       return NULL;
 }
 
-int match_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst, struct ref ***dst_tail,
-              int nr_refspec, char **refspec, int all)
+static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
+                         struct ref ***dst_tail,
+                         struct refspec *rs)
 {
-       struct refspec *rs =
-               parse_ref_spec(nr_refspec, (const char **) refspec);
+       struct ref *matched_src, *matched_dst;
+       int allocated_src;
+
+       const char *dst_value = rs->dst;
+       char *dst_guess;
 
-       if (match_explicit_refs(src, dst, dst_tail, rs, nr_refspec))
+       if (rs->pattern || rs->matching)
+               return 0;
+
+       matched_src = matched_dst = NULL;
+       if (match_explicit_lhs(src, rs, &matched_src, &allocated_src) < 0)
                return -1;
 
-       /* pick the remainder */
-       for ( ; src; src = src->next) {
-               struct ref *dst_peer;
-               const struct refspec *pat = NULL;
-               char *dst_name;
-               if (src->peer_ref)
+       if (!dst_value) {
+               struct object_id oid;
+               int flag;
+
+               dst_value = resolve_ref_unsafe(matched_src->name,
+                                              RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+                                              oid.hash, &flag);
+               if (!dst_value ||
+                   ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+                    !starts_with(dst_value, "refs/heads/")))
+                       die("%s cannot be resolved to branch.",
+                           matched_src->name);
+       }
+
+       switch (count_refspec_match(dst_value, dst, &matched_dst)) {
+       case 1:
+               break;
+       case 0:
+               if (starts_with(dst_value, "refs/"))
+                       matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_value, dst_tail);
+               else if (is_null_oid(&matched_src->new_oid))
+                       error("unable to delete '%s': remote ref does not exist",
+                             dst_value);
+               else if ((dst_guess = guess_ref(dst_value, matched_src))) {
+                       matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_guess, dst_tail);
+                       free(dst_guess);
+               } else
+                       error("unable to push to unqualified destination: %s\n"
+                             "The destination refspec neither matches an "
+                             "existing ref on the remote nor\n"
+                             "begins with refs/, and we are unable to "
+                             "guess a prefix based on the source ref.",
+                             dst_value);
+               break;
+       default:
+               matched_dst = NULL;
+               error("dst refspec %s matches more than one.",
+                     dst_value);
+               break;
+       }
+       if (!matched_dst)
+               return -1;
+       if (matched_dst->peer_ref)
+               return error("dst ref %s receives from more than one src.",
+                     matched_dst->name);
+       else {
+               matched_dst->peer_ref = allocated_src ?
+                                       matched_src :
+                                       copy_ref(matched_src);
+               matched_dst->force = rs->force;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_explicit_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
+                              struct ref ***dst_tail, struct refspec *rs,
+                              int rs_nr)
+{
+       int i, errs;
+       for (i = errs = 0; i < rs_nr; i++)
+               errs += match_explicit(src, dst, dst_tail, &rs[i]);
+       return errs;
+}
+
+static char *get_ref_match(const struct refspec *rs, int rs_nr, const struct ref *ref,
+               int send_mirror, int direction, const struct refspec **ret_pat)
+{
+       const struct refspec *pat;
+       char *name;
+       int i;
+       int matching_refs = -1;
+       for (i = 0; i < rs_nr; i++) {
+               if (rs[i].matching &&
+                   (matching_refs == -1 || rs[i].force)) {
+                       matching_refs = i;
                        continue;
-               if (nr_refspec) {
-                       pat = check_pattern_match(rs, nr_refspec, src);
-                       if (!pat)
-                               continue;
                }
 
-               if (pat) {
-                       dst_name = xmalloc(strlen(pat->dst) +
-                                          strlen(src->name) -
-                                          strlen(pat->src) + 2);
-                       strcpy(dst_name, pat->dst);
-                       strcat(dst_name, src->name + strlen(pat->src));
-               } else
-                       dst_name = strdup(src->name);
-               dst_peer = find_ref_by_name(dst, dst_name);
-               if (dst_peer && dst_peer->peer_ref)
-                       /* We're already sending something to this ref. */
-                       goto free_name;
-               if (!dst_peer && !nr_refspec && !all)
-                       /* Remote doesn't have it, and we have no
-                        * explicit pattern, and we don't have
-                        * --all. */
-                       goto free_name;
-               if (!dst_peer) {
-                       /* Create a new one and link it */
-                       int len = strlen(dst_name) + 1;
-                       dst_peer = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*dst_peer) + len);
-                       memcpy(dst_peer->name, dst_name, len);
-                       hashcpy(dst_peer->new_sha1, src->new_sha1);
-                       link_dst_tail(dst_peer, dst_tail);
+               if (rs[i].pattern) {
+                       const char *dst_side = rs[i].dst ? rs[i].dst : rs[i].src;
+                       int match;
+                       if (direction == FROM_SRC)
+                               match = match_name_with_pattern(rs[i].src, ref->name, dst_side, &name);
+                       else
+                               match = match_name_with_pattern(dst_side, ref->name, rs[i].src, &name);
+                       if (match) {
+                               matching_refs = i;
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
-               dst_peer->peer_ref = src;
-       free_name:
-               free(dst_name);
        }
-       return 0;
+       if (matching_refs == -1)
+               return NULL;
+
+       pat = rs + matching_refs;
+       if (pat->matching) {
+               /*
+                * "matching refs"; traditionally we pushed everything
+                * including refs outside refs/heads/ hierarchy, but
+                * that does not make much sense these days.
+                */
+               if (!send_mirror && !starts_with(ref->name, "refs/heads/"))
+                       return NULL;
+               name = xstrdup(ref->name);
+       }
+       if (ret_pat)
+               *ret_pat = pat;
+       return name;
+}
+
+static struct ref **tail_ref(struct ref **head)
+{
+       struct ref **tail = head;
+       while (*tail)
+               tail = &((*tail)->next);
+       return tail;
+}
+
+struct tips {
+       struct commit **tip;
+       int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static void add_to_tips(struct tips *tips, const struct object_id *oid)
+{
+       struct commit *commit;
+
+       if (is_null_oid(oid))
+               return;
+       commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(oid, 1);
+       if (!commit || (commit->object.flags & TMP_MARK))
+               return;
+       commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+       ALLOC_GROW(tips->tip, tips->nr + 1, tips->alloc);
+       tips->tip[tips->nr++] = commit;
+}
+
+static void add_missing_tags(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst, struct ref ***dst_tail)
+{
+       struct string_list dst_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+       struct string_list src_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+       struct string_list_item *item;
+       struct ref *ref;
+       struct tips sent_tips;
+
+       /*
+        * Collect everything we know they would have at the end of
+        * this push, and collect all tags they have.
+        */
+       memset(&sent_tips, 0, sizeof(sent_tips));
+       for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+               if (ref->peer_ref &&
+                   !is_null_oid(&ref->peer_ref->new_oid))
+                       add_to_tips(&sent_tips, &ref->peer_ref->new_oid);
+               else
+                       add_to_tips(&sent_tips, &ref->old_oid);
+               if (starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+                       string_list_append(&dst_tag, ref->name);
+       }
+       clear_commit_marks_many(sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip, TMP_MARK);
+
+       string_list_sort(&dst_tag);
+
+       /* Collect tags they do not have. */
+       for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+               if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+                       continue; /* not a tag */
+               if (string_list_has_string(&dst_tag, ref->name))
+                       continue; /* they already have it */
+               if (sha1_object_info(ref->new_oid.hash, NULL) != OBJ_TAG)
+                       continue; /* be conservative */
+               item = string_list_append(&src_tag, ref->name);
+               item->util = ref;
+       }
+       string_list_clear(&dst_tag, 0);
+
+       /*
+        * At this point, src_tag lists tags that are missing from
+        * dst, and sent_tips lists the tips we are pushing or those
+        * that we know they already have. An element in the src_tag
+        * that is an ancestor of any of the sent_tips needs to be
+        * sent to the other side.
+        */
+       if (sent_tips.nr) {
+               for_each_string_list_item(item, &src_tag) {
+                       struct ref *ref = item->util;
+                       struct ref *dst_ref;
+                       struct commit *commit;
+
+                       if (is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid))
+                               continue;
+                       commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(&ref->new_oid,
+                                                               1);
+                       if (!commit)
+                               /* not pushing a commit, which is not an error */
+                               continue;
+
+                       /*
+                        * Is this tag, which they do not have, reachable from
+                        * any of the commits we are sending?
+                        */
+                       if (!in_merge_bases_many(commit, sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip))
+                               continue;
+
+                       /* Add it in */
+                       dst_ref = make_linked_ref(ref->name, dst_tail);
+                       oidcpy(&dst_ref->new_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+                       dst_ref->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
+               }
+       }
+       string_list_clear(&src_tag, 0);
+       free(sent_tips.tip);
+}
+
+struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+{
+       for ( ; list; list = list->next)
+               if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
+                       return (struct ref *)list;
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static void prepare_ref_index(struct string_list *ref_index, struct ref *ref)
+{
+       for ( ; ref; ref = ref->next)
+               string_list_append_nodup(ref_index, ref->name)->util = ref;
+
+       string_list_sort(ref_index);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given only the set of local refs, sanity-check the set of push
+ * refspecs. We can't catch all errors that match_push_refs would,
+ * but we can catch some errors early before even talking to the
+ * remote side.
+ */
+int check_push_refs(struct ref *src, int nr_refspec, const char **refspec_names)
+{
+       struct refspec *refspec = parse_push_refspec(nr_refspec, refspec_names);
+       int ret = 0;
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
+               struct refspec *rs = refspec + i;
+
+               if (rs->pattern || rs->matching)
+                       continue;
+
+               ret |= match_explicit_lhs(src, rs, NULL, NULL);
+       }
+
+       free_refspec(nr_refspec, refspec);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given the set of refs the local repository has, the set of refs the
+ * remote repository has, and the refspec used for push, determine
+ * what remote refs we will update and with what value by setting
+ * peer_ref (which object is being pushed) and force (if the push is
+ * forced) in elements of "dst". The function may add new elements to
+ * dst (e.g. pushing to a new branch, done in match_explicit_refs).
+ */
+int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
+                   int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int flags)
+{
+       struct refspec *rs;
+       int send_all = flags & MATCH_REFS_ALL;
+       int send_mirror = flags & MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
+       int send_prune = flags & MATCH_REFS_PRUNE;
+       int errs;
+       static const char *default_refspec[] = { ":", NULL };
+       struct ref *ref, **dst_tail = tail_ref(dst);
+       struct string_list dst_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+       if (!nr_refspec) {
+               nr_refspec = 1;
+               refspec = default_refspec;
+       }
+       rs = parse_push_refspec(nr_refspec, (const char **) refspec);
+       errs = match_explicit_refs(src, *dst, &dst_tail, rs, nr_refspec);
+
+       /* pick the remainder */
+       for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+               struct string_list_item *dst_item;
+               struct ref *dst_peer;
+               const struct refspec *pat = NULL;
+               char *dst_name;
+
+               dst_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_SRC, &pat);
+               if (!dst_name)
+                       continue;
+
+               if (!dst_ref_index.nr)
+                       prepare_ref_index(&dst_ref_index, *dst);
+
+               dst_item = string_list_lookup(&dst_ref_index, dst_name);
+               dst_peer = dst_item ? dst_item->util : NULL;
+               if (dst_peer) {
+                       if (dst_peer->peer_ref)
+                               /* We're already sending something to this ref. */
+                               goto free_name;
+               } else {
+                       if (pat->matching && !(send_all || send_mirror))
+                               /*
+                                * Remote doesn't have it, and we have no
+                                * explicit pattern, and we don't have
+                                * --all or --mirror.
+                                */
+                               goto free_name;
+
+                       /* Create a new one and link it */
+                       dst_peer = make_linked_ref(dst_name, &dst_tail);
+                       oidcpy(&dst_peer->new_oid, &ref->new_oid);
+                       string_list_insert(&dst_ref_index,
+                               dst_peer->name)->util = dst_peer;
+               }
+               dst_peer->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
+               dst_peer->force = pat->force;
+       free_name:
+               free(dst_name);
+       }
+
+       string_list_clear(&dst_ref_index, 0);
+
+       if (flags & MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+               add_missing_tags(src, dst, &dst_tail);
+
+       if (send_prune) {
+               struct string_list src_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+               /* check for missing refs on the remote */
+               for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+                       char *src_name;
+
+                       if (ref->peer_ref)
+                               /* We're already sending something to this ref. */
+                               continue;
+
+                       src_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_DST, NULL);
+                       if (src_name) {
+                               if (!src_ref_index.nr)
+                                       prepare_ref_index(&src_ref_index, src);
+                               if (!string_list_has_string(&src_ref_index,
+                                           src_name))
+                                       ref->peer_ref = alloc_delete_ref();
+                               free(src_name);
+                       }
+               }
+               string_list_clear(&src_ref_index, 0);
+       }
+       if (errs)
+               return -1;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
+                            int force_update)
+{
+       struct ref *ref;
+
+       for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+               int force_ref_update = ref->force || force_update;
+               int reject_reason = 0;
+
+               if (ref->peer_ref)
+                       oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, &ref->peer_ref->new_oid);
+               else if (!send_mirror)
+                       continue;
+
+               ref->deletion = is_null_oid(&ref->new_oid);
+               if (!ref->deletion &&
+                       !oidcmp(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid)) {
+                       ref->status = REF_STATUS_UPTODATE;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * If the remote ref has moved and is now different
+                * from what we expect, reject any push.
+                *
+                * It also is an error if the user told us to check
+                * with the remote-tracking branch to find the value
+                * to expect, but we did not have such a tracking
+                * branch.
+                */
+               if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+                       if (oidcmp(&ref->old_oid, &ref->old_oid_expect))
+                               reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+                       else
+                               /* If the ref isn't stale then force the update. */
+                               force_ref_update = 1;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * If the update isn't already rejected then check
+                * the usual "must fast-forward" rules.
+                *
+                * Decide whether an individual refspec A:B can be
+                * pushed.  The push will succeed if any of the
+                * following are true:
+                *
+                * (1) the remote reference B does not exist
+                *
+                * (2) the remote reference B is being removed (i.e.,
+                *     pushing :B where no source is specified)
+                *
+                * (3) the destination is not under refs/tags/, and
+                *     if the old and new value is a commit, the new
+                *     is a descendant of the old.
+                *
+                * (4) it is forced using the +A:B notation, or by
+                *     passing the --force argument
+                */
+
+               if (!reject_reason && !ref->deletion && !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid)) {
+                       if (starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+                               reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+                       else if (!has_object_file(&ref->old_oid))
+                               reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+                       else if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(&ref->old_oid, 1) ||
+                                !lookup_commit_reference_gently(&ref->new_oid, 1))
+                               reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+                       else if (!ref_newer(&ref->new_oid, &ref->old_oid))
+                               reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * "--force" will defeat any rejection implemented
+                * by the rules above.
+                */
+               if (!force_ref_update)
+                       ref->status = reject_reason;
+               else if (reject_reason)
+                       ref->forced_update = 1;
+       }
+}
+
+static void set_merge(struct branch *ret)
+{
+       struct remote *remote;
+       char *ref;
+       struct object_id oid;
+       int i;
+
+       if (!ret)
+               return; /* no branch */
+       if (ret->merge)
+               return; /* already run */
+       if (!ret->remote_name || !ret->merge_nr) {
+               /*
+                * no merge config; let's make sure we don't confuse callers
+                * with a non-zero merge_nr but a NULL merge
+                */
+               ret->merge_nr = 0;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       remote = remote_get(ret->remote_name);
+
+       ret->merge = xcalloc(ret->merge_nr, sizeof(*ret->merge));
+       for (i = 0; i < ret->merge_nr; i++) {
+               ret->merge[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ret->merge));
+               ret->merge[i]->src = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
+               if (!remote_find_tracking(remote, ret->merge[i]) ||
+                   strcmp(ret->remote_name, "."))
+                       continue;
+               if (dwim_ref(ret->merge_name[i], strlen(ret->merge_name[i]),
+                            oid.hash, &ref) == 1)
+                       ret->merge[i]->dst = ref;
+               else
+                       ret->merge[i]->dst = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
+       }
+}
+
+struct branch *branch_get(const char *name)
+{
+       struct branch *ret;
+
+       read_config();
+       if (!name || !*name || !strcmp(name, "HEAD"))
+               ret = current_branch;
+       else
+               ret = make_branch(name, 0);
+       set_merge(ret);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+int branch_has_merge_config(struct branch *branch)
+{
+       return branch && !!branch->merge;
+}
+
+int branch_merge_matches(struct branch *branch,
+                                int i,
+                                const char *refname)
+{
+       if (!branch || i < 0 || i >= branch->merge_nr)
+               return 0;
+       return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname);
+}
+
+__attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
+static const char *error_buf(struct strbuf *err, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       if (err) {
+               va_list ap;
+               va_start(ap, fmt);
+               strbuf_vaddf(err, fmt, ap);
+               va_end(ap);
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+const char *branch_get_upstream(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+       if (!branch)
+               return error_buf(err, _("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
+
+       if (!branch->merge || !branch->merge[0]) {
+               /*
+                * no merge config; is it because the user didn't define any,
+                * or because it is not a real branch, and get_branch
+                * auto-vivified it?
+                */
+               if (!ref_exists(branch->refname))
+                       return error_buf(err, _("no such branch: '%s'"),
+                                        branch->name);
+               return error_buf(err,
+                                _("no upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
+                                branch->name);
+       }
+
+       if (!branch->merge[0]->dst)
+               return error_buf(err,
+                                _("upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"),
+                                branch->merge[0]->src);
+
+       return branch->merge[0]->dst;
+}
+
+static const char *tracking_for_push_dest(struct remote *remote,
+                                         const char *refname,
+                                         struct strbuf *err)
+{
+       char *ret;
+
+       ret = apply_refspecs(remote->fetch, remote->fetch_refspec_nr, refname);
+       if (!ret)
+               return error_buf(err,
+                                _("push destination '%s' on remote '%s' has no local tracking branch"),
+                                refname, remote->name);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static const char *branch_get_push_1(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+       struct remote *remote;
+
+       remote = remote_get(pushremote_for_branch(branch, NULL));
+       if (!remote)
+               return error_buf(err,
+                                _("branch '%s' has no remote for pushing"),
+                                branch->name);
+
+       if (remote->push_refspec_nr) {
+               char *dst;
+               const char *ret;
+
+               dst = apply_refspecs(remote->push, remote->push_refspec_nr,
+                                    branch->refname);
+               if (!dst)
+                       return error_buf(err,
+                                        _("push refspecs for '%s' do not include '%s'"),
+                                        remote->name, branch->name);
+
+               ret = tracking_for_push_dest(remote, dst, err);
+               free(dst);
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       if (remote->mirror)
+               return tracking_for_push_dest(remote, branch->refname, err);
+
+       switch (push_default) {
+       case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
+               return error_buf(err, _("push has no destination (push.default is 'nothing')"));
+
+       case PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING:
+       case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
+               return tracking_for_push_dest(remote, branch->refname, err);
+
+       case PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM:
+               return branch_get_upstream(branch, err);
+
+       case PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED:
+       case PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE:
+               {
+                       const char *up, *cur;
+
+                       up = branch_get_upstream(branch, err);
+                       if (!up)
+                               return NULL;
+                       cur = tracking_for_push_dest(remote, branch->refname, err);
+                       if (!cur)
+                               return NULL;
+                       if (strcmp(cur, up))
+                               return error_buf(err,
+                                                _("cannot resolve 'simple' push to a single destination"));
+                       return cur;
+               }
+       }
+
+       die("BUG: unhandled push situation");
+}
+
+const char *branch_get_push(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+       if (!branch)
+               return error_buf(err, _("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
+
+       if (!branch->push_tracking_ref)
+               branch->push_tracking_ref = branch_get_push_1(branch, err);
+       return branch->push_tracking_ref;
+}
+
+static int ignore_symref_update(const char *refname)
+{
+       struct object_id oid;
+       int flag;
+
+       if (!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, 0, oid.hash, &flag))
+               return 0; /* non-existing refs are OK */
+       return (flag & REF_ISSYMREF);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create and return a list of (struct ref) consisting of copies of
+ * each remote_ref that matches refspec.  refspec must be a pattern.
+ * Fill in the copies' peer_ref to describe the local tracking refs to
+ * which they map.  Omit any references that would map to an existing
+ * local symbolic ref.
+ */
+static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
+                                   const struct refspec *refspec)
+{
+       const struct ref *ref;
+       struct ref *ret = NULL;
+       struct ref **tail = &ret;
+
+       for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+               char *expn_name = NULL;
+
+               if (strchr(ref->name, '^'))
+                       continue; /* a dereference item */
+               if (match_name_with_pattern(refspec->src, ref->name,
+                                           refspec->dst, &expn_name) &&
+                   !ignore_symref_update(expn_name)) {
+                       struct ref *cpy = copy_ref(ref);
+
+                       cpy->peer_ref = alloc_ref(expn_name);
+                       if (refspec->force)
+                               cpy->peer_ref->force = 1;
+                       *tail = cpy;
+                       tail = &cpy->next;
+               }
+               free(expn_name);
+       }
+
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct ref *find_ref_by_name_abbrev(const struct ref *refs, const char *name)
+{
+       const struct ref *ref;
+       for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+               if (refname_match(name, ref->name))
+                       return ref;
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+struct ref *get_remote_ref(const struct ref *remote_refs, const char *name)
+{
+       const struct ref *ref = find_ref_by_name_abbrev(remote_refs, name);
+
+       if (!ref)
+               return NULL;
+
+       return copy_ref(ref);
+}
+
+static struct ref *get_local_ref(const char *name)
+{
+       if (!name || name[0] == '\0')
+               return NULL;
+
+       if (starts_with(name, "refs/"))
+               return alloc_ref(name);
+
+       if (starts_with(name, "heads/") ||
+           starts_with(name, "tags/") ||
+           starts_with(name, "remotes/"))
+               return alloc_ref_with_prefix("refs/", 5, name);
+
+       return alloc_ref_with_prefix("refs/heads/", 11, name);
+}
+
+int get_fetch_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
+                 const struct refspec *refspec,
+                 struct ref ***tail,
+                 int missing_ok)
+{
+       struct ref *ref_map, **rmp;
+
+       if (refspec->pattern) {
+               ref_map = get_expanded_map(remote_refs, refspec);
+       } else {
+               const char *name = refspec->src[0] ? refspec->src : "HEAD";
+
+               if (refspec->exact_sha1) {
+                       ref_map = alloc_ref(name);
+                       get_oid_hex(name, &ref_map->old_oid);
+               } else {
+                       ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+               }
+               if (!missing_ok && !ref_map)
+                       die("Couldn't find remote ref %s", name);
+               if (ref_map) {
+                       ref_map->peer_ref = get_local_ref(refspec->dst);
+                       if (ref_map->peer_ref && refspec->force)
+                               ref_map->peer_ref->force = 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       for (rmp = &ref_map; *rmp; ) {
+               if ((*rmp)->peer_ref) {
+                       if (!starts_with((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, "refs/") ||
+                           check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, 0)) {
+                               struct ref *ignore = *rmp;
+                               error("* Ignoring funny ref '%s' locally",
+                                     (*rmp)->peer_ref->name);
+                               *rmp = (*rmp)->next;
+                               free(ignore->peer_ref);
+                               free(ignore);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+               rmp = &((*rmp)->next);
+       }
+
+       if (ref_map)
+               tail_link_ref(ref_map, tail);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list)
+{
+       if (!ref->symref)
+               return 0;
+       for (; list; list = list->next)
+               if (!strcmp(ref->symref, list->name)) {
+                       oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &list->old_oid);
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       return 1;
+}
+
+static void unmark_and_free(struct commit_list *list, unsigned int mark)
+{
+       while (list) {
+               struct commit *commit = pop_commit(&list);
+               commit->object.flags &= ~mark;
+       }
+}
+
+int ref_newer(const struct object_id *new_oid, const struct object_id *old_oid)
+{
+       struct object *o;
+       struct commit *old, *new;
+       struct commit_list *list, *used;
+       int found = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+        * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
+        */
+       o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_oid), NULL, 0);
+       if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+               return 0;
+       old = (struct commit *) o;
+
+       o = deref_tag(parse_object(new_oid), NULL, 0);
+       if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+               return 0;
+       new = (struct commit *) o;
+
+       if (parse_commit(new) < 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       used = list = NULL;
+       commit_list_insert(new, &list);
+       while (list) {
+               new = pop_most_recent_commit(&list, TMP_MARK);
+               commit_list_insert(new, &used);
+               if (new == old) {
+                       found = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       unmark_and_free(list, TMP_MARK);
+       unmark_and_free(used, TMP_MARK);
+       return found;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare a branch with its upstream, and save their differences (number
+ * of commits) in *num_ours and *num_theirs. The name of the upstream branch
+ * (or NULL if no upstream is defined) is returned via *upstream_name, if it
+ * is not itself NULL.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 if num_ours and num_theirs could not be filled in (e.g., no
+ * upstream defined, or ref does not exist), 0 otherwise.
+ */
+int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs,
+                      const char **upstream_name)
+{
+       struct object_id oid;
+       struct commit *ours, *theirs;
+       struct rev_info revs;
+       const char *base;
+       struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+       /* Cannot stat unless we are marked to build on top of somebody else. */
+       base = branch_get_upstream(branch, NULL);
+       if (upstream_name)
+               *upstream_name = base;
+       if (!base)
+               return -1;
+
+       /* Cannot stat if what we used to build on no longer exists */
+       if (read_ref(base, oid.hash))
+               return -1;
+       theirs = lookup_commit_reference(&oid);
+       if (!theirs)
+               return -1;
+
+       if (read_ref(branch->refname, oid.hash))
+               return -1;
+       ours = lookup_commit_reference(&oid);
+       if (!ours)
+               return -1;
+
+       /* are we the same? */
+       if (theirs == ours) {
+               *num_theirs = *num_ours = 0;
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* Run "rev-list --left-right ours...theirs" internally... */
+       argv_array_push(&argv, ""); /* ignored */
+       argv_array_push(&argv, "--left-right");
+       argv_array_pushf(&argv, "%s...%s",
+                        oid_to_hex(&ours->object.oid),
+                        oid_to_hex(&theirs->object.oid));
+       argv_array_push(&argv, "--");
+
+       init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+       setup_revisions(argv.argc, argv.argv, &revs, NULL);
+       if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+               die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+       /* ... and count the commits on each side. */
+       *num_ours = 0;
+       *num_theirs = 0;
+       while (1) {
+               struct commit *c = get_revision(&revs);
+               if (!c)
+                       break;
+               if (c->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT)
+                       (*num_ours)++;
+               else
+                       (*num_theirs)++;
+       }
+
+       /* clear object flags smudged by the above traversal */
+       clear_commit_marks(ours, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+       clear_commit_marks(theirs, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+
+       argv_array_clear(&argv);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true when there is anything to report, otherwise false.
+ */
+int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+       int ours, theirs;
+       const char *full_base;
+       char *base;
+       int upstream_is_gone = 0;
+
+       if (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs, &full_base) < 0) {
+               if (!full_base)
+                       return 0;
+               upstream_is_gone = 1;
+       }
+
+       base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(full_base, 0);
+       if (upstream_is_gone) {
+               strbuf_addf(sb,
+                       _("Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"),
+                       base);
+               if (advice_status_hints)
+                       strbuf_addstr(sb,
+                               _("  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"));
+       } else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+               strbuf_addf(sb,
+                       _("Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"),
+                       base);
+       } else if (!theirs) {
+               strbuf_addf(sb,
+                       Q_("Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n",
+                          "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n",
+                          ours),
+                       base, ours);
+               if (advice_status_hints)
+                       strbuf_addstr(sb,
+                               _("  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"));
+       } else if (!ours) {
+               strbuf_addf(sb,
+                       Q_("Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, "
+                              "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
+                          "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, "
+                              "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
+                          theirs),
+                       base, theirs);
+               if (advice_status_hints)
+                       strbuf_addstr(sb,
+                               _("  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"));
+       } else {
+               strbuf_addf(sb,
+                       Q_("Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+                              "and have %d and %d different commit each, "
+                              "respectively.\n",
+                          "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+                              "and have %d and %d different commits each, "
+                              "respectively.\n",
+                          ours + theirs),
+                       base, ours, theirs);
+               if (advice_status_hints)
+                       strbuf_addstr(sb,
+                               _("  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"));
+       }
+       free(base);
+       return 1;
+}
+
+static int one_local_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+                        int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+       struct ref ***local_tail = cb_data;
+       struct ref *ref;
+
+       /* we already know it starts with refs/ to get here */
+       if (check_refname_format(refname + 5, 0))
+               return 0;
+
+       ref = alloc_ref(refname);
+       oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, oid);
+       **local_tail = ref;
+       *local_tail = &ref->next;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+struct ref *get_local_heads(void)
+{
+       struct ref *local_refs = NULL, **local_tail = &local_refs;
+
+       for_each_ref(one_local_ref, &local_tail);
+       return local_refs;
+}
+
+struct ref *guess_remote_head(const struct ref *head,
+                             const struct ref *refs,
+                             int all)
+{
+       const struct ref *r;
+       struct ref *list = NULL;
+       struct ref **tail = &list;
+
+       if (!head)
+               return NULL;
+
+       /*
+        * Some transports support directly peeking at
+        * where HEAD points; if that is the case, then
+        * we don't have to guess.
+        */
+       if (head->symref)
+               return copy_ref(find_ref_by_name(refs, head->symref));
+
+       /* If refs/heads/master could be right, it is. */
+       if (!all) {
+               r = find_ref_by_name(refs, "refs/heads/master");
+               if (r && !oidcmp(&r->old_oid, &head->old_oid))
+                       return copy_ref(r);
+       }
+
+       /* Look for another ref that points there */
+       for (r = refs; r; r = r->next) {
+               if (r != head &&
+                   starts_with(r->name, "refs/heads/") &&
+                   !oidcmp(&r->old_oid, &head->old_oid)) {
+                       *tail = copy_ref(r);
+                       tail = &((*tail)->next);
+                       if (!all)
+                               break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return list;
+}
+
+struct stale_heads_info {
+       struct string_list *ref_names;
+       struct ref **stale_refs_tail;
+       struct refspec *refs;
+       int ref_count;
+};
+
+static int get_stale_heads_cb(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
+                             int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+       struct stale_heads_info *info = cb_data;
+       struct string_list matches = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+       struct refspec query;
+       int i, stale = 1;
+       memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+       query.dst = (char *)refname;
+
+       query_refspecs_multiple(info->refs, info->ref_count, &query, &matches);
+       if (matches.nr == 0)
+               goto clean_exit; /* No matches */
+
+       /*
+        * If we did find a suitable refspec and it's not a symref and
+        * it's not in the list of refs that currently exist in that
+        * remote, we consider it to be stale. In order to deal with
+        * overlapping refspecs, we need to go over all of the
+        * matching refs.
+        */
+       if (flags & REF_ISSYMREF)
+               goto clean_exit;
+
+       for (i = 0; stale && i < matches.nr; i++)
+               if (string_list_has_string(info->ref_names, matches.items[i].string))
+                       stale = 0;
+
+       if (stale) {
+               struct ref *ref = make_linked_ref(refname, &info->stale_refs_tail);
+               oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, oid);
+       }
+
+clean_exit:
+       string_list_clear(&matches, 0);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *fetch_map)
+{
+       struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = NULL;
+       struct string_list ref_names = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+       struct stale_heads_info info;
+
+       info.ref_names = &ref_names;
+       info.stale_refs_tail = &stale_refs;
+       info.refs = refs;
+       info.ref_count = ref_count;
+       for (ref = fetch_map; ref; ref = ref->next)
+               string_list_append(&ref_names, ref->name);
+       string_list_sort(&ref_names);
+       for_each_ref(get_stale_heads_cb, &info);
+       string_list_clear(&ref_names, 0);
+       return stale_refs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+static void clear_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++)
+               free(cas->entry[i].refname);
+       free(cas->entry);
+       memset(cas, 0, sizeof(*cas));
+}
+
+static struct push_cas *add_cas_entry(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+                                     const char *refname,
+                                     size_t refnamelen)
+{
+       struct push_cas *entry;
+       ALLOC_GROW(cas->entry, cas->nr + 1, cas->alloc);
+       entry = &cas->entry[cas->nr++];
+       memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
+       entry->refname = xmemdupz(refname, refnamelen);
+       return entry;
+}
+
+static int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       const char *colon;
+       struct push_cas *entry;
+
+       if (unset) {
+               /* "--no-<option>" */
+               clear_cas_option(cas);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       if (!arg) {
+               /* just "--<option>" */
+               cas->use_tracking_for_rest = 1;
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       /* "--<option>=refname" or "--<option>=refname:value" */
+       colon = strchrnul(arg, ':');
+       entry = add_cas_entry(cas, arg, colon - arg);
+       if (!*colon)
+               entry->use_tracking = 1;
+       else if (!colon[1])
+               hashclr(entry->expect);
+       else if (get_sha1(colon + 1, entry->expect))
+               return error("cannot parse expected object name '%s'", colon + 1);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+       return parse_push_cas_option(opt->value, arg, unset);
+}
+
+int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+       return !cas->use_tracking_for_rest && !cas->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look at remote.fetch refspec and see if we have a remote
+ * tracking branch for the refname there.  Fill its current
+ * value in sha1[].
+ * If we cannot do so, return negative to signal an error.
+ */
+static int remote_tracking(struct remote *remote, const char *refname,
+                          struct object_id *oid)
+{
+       char *dst;
+
+       dst = apply_refspecs(remote->fetch, remote->fetch_refspec_nr, refname);
+       if (!dst)
+               return -1; /* no tracking ref for refname at remote */
+       if (read_ref(dst, oid->hash))
+               return -1; /* we know what the tracking ref is but we cannot read it */
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void apply_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+                     struct remote *remote,
+                     struct ref *ref)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       /* Find an explicit --<option>=<name>[:<value>] entry */
+       for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++) {
+               struct push_cas *entry = &cas->entry[i];
+               if (!refname_match(entry->refname, ref->name))
+                       continue;
+               ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+               if (!entry->use_tracking)
+                       hashcpy(ref->old_oid_expect.hash, cas->entry[i].expect);
+               else if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, &ref->old_oid_expect))
+                       oidclr(&ref->old_oid_expect);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* Are we using "--<option>" to cover all? */
+       if (!cas->use_tracking_for_rest)
+               return;
+
+       ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+       if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, &ref->old_oid_expect))
+               oidclr(&ref->old_oid_expect);
+}
+
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+                   struct remote *remote,
+                   struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+       struct ref *ref;
+       for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+               apply_cas(cas, remote, ref);
 }