$ man git-diff
------------------------------------------------
+It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git before doing any
+operation. The easiest way to do so is:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ cat >~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
+[user]
+ name = Your Name Comes Here
+ email = you@yourdomain.example.com
+EOF
+------------------------------------------------
+
+
Importing a new project
-----------------------
Git will reply
------------------------------------------------
-defaulting to local storage area
+Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
------------------------------------------------
You've now initialized the working directory--you may notice a new
directory created, named ".git". Tell git that you want it to track
-every file under the current directory with
+every file under the current directory with (notice the dot '.'
+that means the current directory):
------------------------------------------------
$ git add .
Finally,
------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
+$ git commit
------------------------------------------------
will prompt you for a commit message, then record the current state
to review your changes. When you're done,
------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
+$ git commit file1 file2...
------------------------------------------------
will again prompt your for a message describing the change, and then
-record the new versions of the modified files.
+record the new versions of the files you listed. It is cumbersome
+to list all files and you can say `-a` (which stands for 'all')
+instead.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
A note on commit messages: Though not required, it's a good idea to
begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character)
example, use the first line on the Subject line and the rest of the
commit in the body.
-To add a new file, first create the file, then
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add path/to/new/file
-------------------------------------------------
+Git tracks content not files
+----------------------------
+
+With git you have to explicitly "add" all the changed _content_ you
+want to commit together. This can be done in a few different ways:
+
+1) By using 'git add <file_spec>...'
-then commit as usual. No special command is required when removing a
-file; just remove it, then commit.
+ This can be performed multiple times before a commit. Note that this
+ is not only for adding new files. Even modified files must be
+ added to the set of changes about to be committed. The "git status"
+ command gives you a summary of what is included so far for the
+ next commit. When done you should use the 'git commit' command to
+ make it real.
+
+ Note: don't forget to 'add' a file again if you modified it after the
+ first 'add' and before 'commit'. Otherwise only the previous added
+ state of that file will be committed. This is because git tracks
+ content, so what you're really 'add'ing to the commit is the *content*
+ of the file in the state it is in when you 'add' it.
+
+2) By using 'git commit -a' directly
+
+ This is a quick way to automatically 'add' the content from all files
+ that were modified since the previous commit, and perform the actual
+ commit without having to separately 'add' them beforehand. This will
+ not add content from new files i.e. files that were never added before.
+ Those files still have to be added explicitly before performing a
+ commit.
+
+But here's a twist. If you do 'git commit <file1> <file2> ...' then only
+the changes belonging to those explicitly specified files will be
+committed, entirely bypassing the current "added" changes. Those "added"
+changes will still remain available for a subsequent commit though.
+
+However, for normal usage you only have to remember 'git add' + 'git commit'
+and/or 'git commit -a'.
+
+
+Viewing the changelog
+---------------------
At any point you can view the history of your changes using
Note that he doesn't need to give the path to Alice's repository;
when Bob cloned Alice's repository, git stored the location of her
-repository in the file .git/remotes/origin, and that location is used
-as the default for pulls.
-
-Bob may also notice a branch in his repository that he didn't create:
+repository in the repository configuration, and that location is
+used for pulls:
-------------------------------------
-$ git branch
-* master
- origin
+$ git repo-config --get remote.origin.url
+/home/bob/myrepo
-------------------------------------
-The "origin" branch, which was created automatically by "git clone",
-is a pristine copy of Alice's master branch; Bob should never commit
-to it.
+(The complete configuration created by git-clone is visible using
+"git repo-config -l", and the gitlink:git-repo-config[1] man page
+explains the meaning of each option.)
+
+Git also keeps a pristine copy of Alice's master branch under the
+name "origin/master":
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git branch -r
+ origin/master
+-------------------------------------
If Bob later decides to work from a different host, he can still
perform clones and pulls using the ssh protocol: