name the same commit object if there are no other object in
your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
-* An output from 'git-describe'; i.e. a closest tag, followed by a
- dash, a `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
+* An output from 'git-describe'; i.e. a closest tag, optionally
+ followed by a dash and a number of commits, followed by a dash, a
+ `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
* A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
object referenced by $GIT_DIR/refs/heads/master. If you
first match in the following rules:
. if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
- useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
+ useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
. otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
. otherwise, `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
++
+HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on.
+FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository
+with your last 'git-fetch' invocation.
+ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic
+way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that
+you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran
+them easily.
+MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch
+when you run 'git-merge'.
* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
enclosed in a brace
from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
-for it. "`r1..r2`" is equivalent to "`{caret}r1 r2`". It is
-the difference of two sets (subtract the set of commits
-reachable from `r1` from the set of commits reachable from
-`r2`).
+for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according
+to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask
+for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable
+from r1 by "`{caret}r1 r2`" and it can be written as "`r1..r2`".
A similar notation "`r1\...r2`" is called symmetric difference
of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
`r1` or `r2` but not from both.
Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
-and its parent commits exists. `r1{caret}@` notation means all
+and its parent commits exist. The `r1{caret}@` notation means all
parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
-its all parents.
+all of its parents.
Here are a handful of examples:
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> .
-Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> and Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
Documentation
--------------