SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git-commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u]
- [(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg> | --amend]
- [--
no-verify] [-e] [--author <author>]
- [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
+'git-commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u] [--amend]
+ [(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>]
+ [--
allow-empty] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
+ [--cleanup=<mode>] [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-Use 'git commit' when you want to record your changes into the repository
-along with a log message describing what the commit is about. All changes
-to be committed must be explicitly identified using one of the following
-methods:
+Use 'git commit' to store the current contents of the index in a new
+commit along with a log message describing the changes you have made.
-1. by using gitlink:git-add[1] to incrementally "add" changes to the
- next commit before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
+The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
+
+1. by using linkgit:git-add[1] to incrementally "add" changes to the
+ index before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
files must be "added");
-2. by using gitlink:git-rm[1] to identify content removal for the next
- commit, again before using the 'commit' command;
+2. by using linkgit:git-rm[1] to remove files from the working tree
+ and the index, again before using the 'commit' command;
-3. by directly listing files containing changes to be committed as arguments
- to the 'commit' command, in which cases only those files alone will be
- considered for the commit;
+3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
+ case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
+ record the current content of the listed files;
-4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically "add"
- changes from all known files i.e. files that have already been committed
- before, and to automatically "rm" files that have been
- removed from the working tree, and perform the actual commit.
+4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
+ "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
+ listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index
+ that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the
+ actual commit;
5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one
by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the
operation. Currently, this is done by invoking `git-add --interactive`.
-The gitlink:git-status[1] command can be used to obtain a
+The linkgit:git-status[1] command can be used to obtain a
summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
commit by giving the same set of parameters you would give to
this command.
If you make a commit and then found a mistake immediately after
-that, you can recover from it with gitlink:git-reset[1].
+that, you can recover from it with linkgit:git-reset[1].
OPTIONS
-------
--a|--all::
+-a::
+--all::
Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
told git about are not affected.
--c or -C <commit>::
- Take existing commit object, and reuse the log message
+-C <commit>::
+--reuse-message=<commit>::
+ Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message
and the authorship information (including the timestamp)
- when creating the commit. With '-C', the editor is not
- invoked; with '-c' the user can further edit the commit
- message.
+ when creating the commit.
+
+-c <commit>::
+--reedit-message=<commit>::
+ Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
+ the user can further edit the commit message.
-F <file>::
+--file=<file>::
Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
read the message from the standard input.
Override the author name used in the commit. Use
`A U Thor <author@example.com>` format.
--m <msg>|--message=<msg>::
+-m <msg>::
+--message=<msg>::
Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
--s|--signoff::
+-t <file>::
+--template=<file>::
+ Use the contents of the given file as the initial version
+ of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can
+ make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using
+ the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This
+ overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable.
+
+-s::
+--signoff::
Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
+-n::
--no-verify::
- This option bypasses the pre-commit hook.
- See also link:hooks.html[hooks].
-
--e|--edit::
+ This option bypasses the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks.
+ See also linkgit:githooks[5][hooks].
+
+--allow-empty::
+ Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its
+ sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you
+ from making such a commit. This option bypasses the safety, and
+ is primarily for use by foreign scm interface scripts.
+
+--cleanup=<mode>::
+ This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
+ The '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
+ and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
+ trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
+ only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
+ removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
+ 'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
+ and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
+
+-e::
+--edit::
The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
further edit the message taken from these sources.
--amend::
-
Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
but can be used to amend a merge commit.
--
--i|--include::
+-i::
+--include::
Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
stage the contents of paths given on the command line
as well. This is usually not what you want unless you
are concluding a conflicted merge.
--u|--untracked-files::
+-o::
+--only::
+ Make a commit only from the paths specified on the
+ command line, disregarding any contents that have been
+ staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of
+ 'git commit' if any paths are given on the command line,
+ in which case this option can be omitted.
+ If this option is specified together with '--amend', then
+ no paths need be specified, which can be used to amend
+ the last commit without committing changes that have
+ already been staged.
+
+-u::
+--untracked-files::
Show all untracked files, also those in uninteresting
directories, in the "Untracked files:" section of commit
message template. Without this option only its name and
a trailing slash are displayed for each untracked
directory.
--v|--verbose::
+-v::
+--verbose::
Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what
would be committed at the bottom of the commit message
template. Note that this diff output doesn't have its
lines prefixed with '#'.
--q|--quiet::
+-q::
+--quiet::
Suppress commit summary message.
\--::
--------
When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
-called the "index" with gitlink:git-add[1]. Removal
-of a file is staged with gitlink:git-rm[1]. After building the
-state to be committed incrementally with these commands, `git
-commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
+called the "index" with linkgit:git-add[1]. A file can be
+reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree,
+to that of the last commit with `git-reset HEAD -- <file>`,
+which effectively reverts `git-add` and prevents the changes to
+this file from participating in the next commit. After building
+the state to be committed incrementally with these commands,
+`git commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the
command. An example:
this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and
`hello.h` as expected.
-After a merge (initiated by either gitlink:git-merge[1] or
-gitlink:git-pull[1]) stops because of conflicts, cleanly merged
+After a merge (initiated by either linkgit:git-merge[1] or
+linkgit:git-pull[1]) stops because of conflicts, cleanly merged
paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first
-check which paths are conflicting with gitlink:git-status[1]
+check which paths are conflicting with linkgit:git-status[1]
and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
-stage the result as usual with gitlink:git-add[1]:
+stage the result as usual with linkgit:git-add[1]:
------------
$ git status | grep unmerged
include::i18n.txt[]
-ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
----------------------
-The command specified by either the VISUAL or EDITOR environment
-variables is used to edit the commit log message.
+ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+---------------------------------------
+The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the
+GIT_EDITOR environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the
+VISUAL environment variable, or the EDITOR environment variable (in that
+order).
HOOKS
-----
-This command can run `commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and
-`post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more
+This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`,
+and `post-commit` hooks. See linkgit:githooks[5][hooks] for more
information.
SEE ALSO
--------
-gitlink:git-add[1],
-gitlink:git-rm[1],
-gitlink:git-mv[1],
-gitlink:git-merge[1],
-gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
+linkgit:git-add[1],
+linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:git-mv[1],
+linkgit:git-merge[1],
+linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
Author
------
GIT
---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite