NAME
----
-git-pull - Pull and merge from another repository.
+git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git-pull' <options> <repository> <refspec>...
+'git pull' <options> <repository> <refspec>...
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-Runs `git-fetch` with the given parameters, and calls `git-merge`
+Runs 'git-fetch' with the given parameters, and calls 'git-merge'
to merge the retrieved head(s) into the current branch.
+With `--rebase`, calls 'git-rebase' instead of 'git-merge'.
Note that you can use `.` (current directory) as the
<repository> to pull from the local repository -- this is useful
when merging local branches into the current branch.
+Also note that options meant for 'git-pull' itself and underlying
+'git-merge' must be given before the options meant for 'git-fetch'.
OPTIONS
-------
+
+Options related to merging
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
include::merge-options.txt[]
+:git-pull: 1
+
+--rebase::
+ Instead of a merge, perform a rebase after fetching. If
+ there is a remote ref for the upstream branch, and this branch
+ was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
+ to avoid rebasing non-local changes. To make this the default
+ for branch `<name>`, set configuration `branch.<name>.rebase`
+ to `true`.
++
+[NOTE]
+This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
+It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
+published that history already. Do *not* use this option
+unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
+
+--no-rebase::
+ Override earlier --rebase.
+
+Options related to fetching
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
include::fetch-options.txt[]
include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
+include::urls-remotes.txt[]
+
include::merge-strategies.txt[]
+DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR
+-----------------
-EXAMPLES
---------
+Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
+Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
+origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
+present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
+`origin`.
-git pull, git pull origin::
- Fetch the default head from the repository you cloned
- from and merge it into your current branch.
+In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
+of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
+and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line
+in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
-git pull -s ours . obsolete::
- Merge local branch `obsolete` into the current branch,
- using `ours` merge strategy.
+In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
+optionally store in the tracking branches) when the command is
+run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
+of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
+consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
+file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used.
+In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
+section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
-git pull . fixes enhancements::
- Bundle local branch `fixes` and `enhancements` on top of
- the current branch, making an Octopus merge.
+------------
+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+------------
-git pull --no-commit . maint::
- Merge local branch `maint` into the current branch, but
- do not make a commit automatically. This can be used
- when you want to include further changes to the merge,
- or want to write your own merge commit message.
-+
-You should refrain from abusing this option to sneak substantial
-changes into a merge commit. Small fixups like bumping
-release/version name would be acceptable.
+A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
+what were fetched in tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
+must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
+branches are tracked using tracking branches in
+`refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
+
+The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
+fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
+compatibility.
+
+If explicit refspecs were given on the command
+line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
+
+When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
+uses the refspec from the configuration or
+`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
+rules apply:
-Command line pull of multiple branches from one repository::
+. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
+ branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
+ remote site that is merged.
+
+. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
+
+. Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
+ you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
+ current branch:
+
------------------------------------------------
-$ cat .git/remotes/origin
-URL: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
-Pull: master:origin
-
-$ git checkout master
-$ git fetch origin master:origin +pu:pu maint:maint
-$ git pull . origin
+$ git pull, git pull origin
------------------------------------------------
+
-Here, a typical `.git/remotes/origin` file from a
-`git-clone` operation is used in combination with
-command line options to `git-fetch` to first update
-multiple branches of the local repository and then
-to merge the remote `origin` branch into the local
-`master` branch. The local `pu` branch is updated
-even if it does not result in a fast forward update.
-Here, the pull can obtain its objects from the local
-repository using `.`, as the previous `git-fetch` is
-known to have already obtained and made available
-all the necessary objects.
-
-
-Pull of multiple branches from one repository using `.git/remotes` file::
+Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
+but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
+branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
+
+* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
+
------------------------------------------------
-$ cat .git/remotes/origin
-URL: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
-Pull: master:origin
-Pull: +pu:pu
-Pull: maint:maint
-
-$ git checkout master
-$ git pull origin
+$ git pull origin next
------------------------------------------------
+
-Here, a typical `.git/remotes/origin` file from a
-`git-clone` operation has been hand-modified to include
-the branch-mapping of additional remote and local
-heads directly. A single `git-pull` operation while
-in the `master` branch will fetch multiple heads and
-merge the remote `origin` head into the current,
-local `master` branch.
+This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
+does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
+branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch origin
+$ git merge origin/next
+------------------------------------------------
If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
-would want to start over, you can recover with
-gitlink:git-reset[1].
+would want to start over, you can recover with 'git-reset'.
SEE ALSO
--------
-gitlink:git-fetch[1], gitlink:git-merge[1]
+linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-and Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+and Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Documentation
--------------
GIT
---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
-
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite