SYNOPSIS
--------
+[verse]
'git rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
+Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
(i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
OPTIONS
-------
+
+Operation Modes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each of these options must appear first on the command line.
+
--parseopt::
Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
+--sq-quote::
+ Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
+ section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
+ mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+
+Options for --parseopt
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
--keep-dashdash::
Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
the first non-option argument. This can be used to parse sub-commands
that take options themselves.
---sq-quote::
- Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
- section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
- mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+--stuck-long::
+ Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Output the options in their
+ long form if available, and with their arguments stuck.
+
+Options for Filtering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
--revs-only::
Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
--no-flags::
Do not output flag parameters.
+Options for Output
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
--default <arg>::
If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
instead.
+--prefix <arg>::
+ Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>`
+ subdirectory of the working tree. Any relative filenames are
+ resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed
+ in that form.
++
+This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory
+so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the
+repository. For example:
++
+----
+prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
+# rev-parse provides the -- needed for 'set'
+eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" -- "$@")"
+----
+
--verify::
- The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
- object name. Otherwise barf and abort.
+ Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
+ can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
+ access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
+ output; otherwise, error out.
++
+If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
+your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
+you require, you can add the `^{type}` peeling operator to the parameter.
+For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
+names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
+annotated tag that points at a commit). To make sure that `$VAR`
+names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
+can be used.
-q::
--quiet::
Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
instead exit with non-zero status silently.
+ SHA-1s for valid object names are printed to stdout on success.
--sq::
Usually the output is made one line per flag and
properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
- 'git diff-\*'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
+ 'git diff-{asterisk}'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
the command input is still interpreted as usual.
--not::
strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
one.
+--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
+ A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
+ The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
+ abbreviation mode.
+
+--short::
+--short=number::
+ Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to
+ abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
+ 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+
--symbolic::
- Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
+ Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
form as close to the original input as possible.
--symbolic-full-name::
- This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that
+ This is similar to --symbolic, but it omits input that
are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
want to name the "master" branch when there is an
unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
---abbrev-ref[={strict|loose}]::
- A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
- The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
- abbreviation mode.
+Options for Objects
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
--all::
Show all refs found in `refs/`.
+
If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
-`\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/\*`.
+`*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`.
--glob=pattern::
Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
prepended. If the pattern does not contain a globbing
- character (`?`, `\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
- match by appending `/\*`.
-
---show-toplevel::
- Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+ character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
+ match by appending `/*`.
+
+--exclude=<glob-pattern>::
+ Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`,
+ `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise
+ consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
+ up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or
+ `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear
+ accumulated patterns).
++
+The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or
+`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`,
+respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob`
+or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given
+explicitly.
+
+--disambiguate=<prefix>::
+ Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
+ The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
+ avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
+ mistake.
+
+Options for Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--local-env-vars::
+ List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
+ repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
+ Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
+ even if they are set.
---show-prefix::
- When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
- path of the current directory relative to the top-level
- directory.
+--git-dir::
+ Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
+ the .git directory. The path shown, when relative, is
+ relative to the current working directory.
++
+If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
+is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
+print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
---show-cdup::
- When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
- path of the top-level directory relative to the current
- directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+--absolute-git-dir::
+ Like `--git-dir`, but its output is always the canonicalized
+ absolute path.
---git-dir::
- Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined else show the path to the .git directory.
+--git-common-dir::
+ Show `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` if defined, else `$GIT_DIR`.
--is-inside-git-dir::
When the current working directory is below the repository
--is-bare-repository::
When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
---short::
---short=number::
- Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
- abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
- 7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+--resolve-git-dir <path>::
+ Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
+ points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
+ repository. If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
+ to the real repository is printed.
+
+--git-path <path>::
+ Resolve "$GIT_DIR/<path>" and takes other path relocation
+ variables such as $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY,
+ $GIT_INDEX_FILE... into account. For example, if
+ $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY is set to /foo/bar then "git rev-parse
+ --git-path objects/abc" returns /foo/bar/abc.
+
+--show-cdup::
+ When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+ path of the top-level directory relative to the current
+ directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+
+--show-prefix::
+ When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+ path of the current directory relative to the top-level
+ directory.
+
+--show-toplevel::
+ Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+
+--show-superproject-working-tree
+ Show the absolute path of the root of the superproject's
+ working tree (if exists) that uses the current repository as
+ its submodule. Outputs nothing if the current repository is
+ not used as a submodule by any project.
+
+--shared-index-path::
+ Show the path to the shared index file in split index mode, or
+ empty if not in split-index mode.
+
+Other Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
--since=datestring::
--after=datestring::
Flags and parameters to be parsed.
-SPECIFYING REVISIONS
---------------------
-
-A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a
-commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1'
-syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The
-ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and
-blobs contained in a commit.
-
-* The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
- a substring of such that is unique within the repository.
- E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
- name the same commit object if there are no other object in
- your repository whose object name starts with dae86e.
-
-* An output from 'git describe'; i.e. a closest tag, optionally
- followed by a dash and a number of commits, followed by a dash, a
- `g`, and an abbreviated object name.
-
-* A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
- object referenced by refs/heads/master. If you
- happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can
- explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
- When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the
- first match in the following rules:
-
- . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
- useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD` and `MERGE_HEAD`);
-
- . otherwise, `refs/<name>` if exists;
-
- . otherwise, `refs/tags/<name>` if exists;
-
- . otherwise, `refs/heads/<name>` if exists;
-
- . otherwise, `refs/remotes/<name>` if exists;
-
- . otherwise, `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists.
-+
-HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on.
-FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository
-with your last 'git fetch' invocation.
-ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic
-way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that
-you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran
-them easily.
-MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch
-when you run 'git merge'.
-+
-Note that any of the `refs/*` cases above may come either from
-the `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory or from the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
-
-* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
- enclosed in a brace
- pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1
- second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value
- of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be
- used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an
- existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). Note that this looks up the state
- of your *local* ref at a given time; e.g., what was in your local
- `master` branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during
- certain times, see `--since` and `--until`.
-
-* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification
- enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify
- the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}'
- is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}'
- is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used
- immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing
- log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>).
-
-* You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a
- reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the
- branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
-
-* The special construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
- before the current one.
-
-* The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form 'ref@\{u\}') refers to
- the branch the ref is set to build on top of. Missing ref defaults
- to the current branch.
-
-* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
- that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e.
- 'rev{caret}'
- is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule,
- 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the
- object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object.
-
-* A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit
- object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named
- commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is
- equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to
- rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of
- the usage of this form.
-
-* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
- brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object
- could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
- object of that type is found or the object cannot be
- dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0`
- introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`.
-
-* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
- (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag,
- and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is
- found.
-
-* A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text: this names
- a commit whose commit message starts with the specified text.
- This name returns the youngest matching commit which is
- reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a
- '!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!',
- followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now.
-
-* A suffix ':' followed by a path; this names the blob or tree
- at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part
- before the colon.
-
-* A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a
- colon, followed by a path; this names a blob object in the
- index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon
- that follows it) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage
- 1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version
- (typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from
- the branch being merged.
-
-Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both commit nodes B
-and C are parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered
-left-to-right.
-
-........................................
-G H I J
- \ / \ /
- D E F
- \ | / \
- \ | / |
- \|/ |
- B C
- \ /
- \ /
- A
-........................................
-
- A = = A^0
- B = A^ = A^1 = A~1
- C = A^2 = A^2
- D = A^^ = A^1^1 = A~2
- E = B^2 = A^^2
- F = B^3 = A^^3
- G = A^^^ = A^1^1^1 = A~3
- H = D^2 = B^^2 = A^^^2 = A~2^2
- I = F^ = B^3^ = A^^3^
- J = F^2 = B^3^2 = A^^3^2
-
-
-SPECIFYING RANGES
------------------
-
-History traversing commands such as 'git log' operate on a set
-of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands,
-specifying a single revision with the notation described in the
-previous section means the set of commits reachable from that
-commit, following the commit ancestry chain.
-
-To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}`
-notation is used. E.g. `{caret}r1 r2` means commits reachable
-from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`.
-
-This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand
-for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according
-to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask
-for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable
-from r1 by `{caret}r1 r2` and it can be written as `r1..r2`.
-
-A similar notation `r1\...r2` is called symmetric difference
-of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as
-`r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`.
-It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
-`r1` or `r2` but not from both.
-
-Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
-and its parent commits exist. The `r1{caret}@` notation means all
-parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes
-all of its parents.
-
-Here are a handful of examples:
-
- D G H D
- D F G H I J D F
- ^G D H D
- ^D B E I J F B
- B...C G H D E B C
- ^D B C E I J F B C
- C^@ I J F
- F^! D G H D F
+include::revisions.txt[]
PARSEOPT
--------
(e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does.
It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and
-understand, and echoes on the standard output a line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
+understand, and echoes on the standard output a string suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
to replace the arguments with normalized ones. In case of error, it outputs
usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129.
+Note: Make sure you quote the result when passing it to `eval`. See
+below for an example.
+
Input Format
~~~~~~~~~~~~
'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
-(should be more than one) are used for the usage.
+(should be one or more) are used for the usage.
The lines after the separator describe the options.
Each line of options has this format:
------------
-<opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
+<opt-spec><flags>*<arg-hint>? SP+ help LF
------------
-`<opt_spec>`::
+`<opt-spec>`::
its format is the short option character, then the long option name
separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
- is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
- `<opt_spec>`.
+ is necessary. May not contain any of the `<flags>` characters.
+ `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are examples of correct `<opt-spec>`.
`<flags>`::
`<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
* Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
- * Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged).
+ * Use `?` to mean that the option takes an optional argument. You
+ probably want to use the `--stuck-long` mode to be able to
+ unambiguously parse the optional argument.
* Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
* Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
+`<arg-hint>`::
+ `<arg-hint>`, if specified, is used as a name of the argument in the
+ help output, for options that take arguments. `<arg-hint>` is
+ terminated by the first whitespace. It is customary to use a
+ dash to separate words in a multi-word argument hint.
+
The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
as the help associated to the option.
foo some nifty option --foo
bar= some cool option --bar with an argument
+baz=arg another cool option --baz with a named argument
+qux?path qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself
An option group Header
C? option C with an optional argument"
-eval `echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?`
+eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
+------------
+
+
+Usage text
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When `"$@"` is `-h` or `--help` in the above example, the following
+usage text would be shown:
+
+------------
+usage: some-command [options] <args>...
+
+ some-command does foo and bar!
+
+ -h, --help show the help
+ --foo some nifty option --foo
+ --bar ... some cool option --bar with an argument
+ --baz <arg> another cool option --baz with a named argument
+ --qux[=<path>] qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself
+
+An option group Header
+ -C[...] option C with an optional argument
------------
SQ-QUOTE
* Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
+
------------
-$ git rev-parse --verify $REV
+$ git rev-parse --verify $REV^{commit}
------------
+
This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
-* Same as above:
+* Similar to above:
+
------------
$ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
+
but if $REV is empty, the commit object name from master will be printed.
-
-Author
-------
-Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> .
-Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org>
-
-Documentation
---------------
-Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
-
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite