refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 
-               if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
+               if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, 0))
                        die(_("unable to create temporary index"));
 
                old_index_env = getenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
                if (update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT) == 0) {
                        if (reopen_lock_file(&index_lock) < 0)
                                die(_("unable to write index file"));
-                       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
+                       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, 0))
                                die(_("unable to update temporary index"));
                } else
                        warning(_("Failed to update main cache tree"));
                add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, &pathspec, 0);
                refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
                update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
-               if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
+               if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, 0))
                        die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
                commit_style = COMMIT_NORMAL;
                ret = get_lock_file_path(&index_lock);
        add_remove_files(&partial);
        refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
        update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
-       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
+       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, 0))
                die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
 
        hold_lock_file_for_update(&false_lock,
        add_remove_files(&partial);
        refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 
-       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &false_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
+       if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &false_lock, 0))
                die(_("unable to write temporary index file"));
 
        discard_cache();
        read_cache_preload(&s.pathspec);
        refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, &s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
-       fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
+       if (use_optional_locks())
+               fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
+       else
+               fd = -1;
 
        s.is_initial = get_oid(s.reference, &oid) ? 1 : 0;
        if (!s.is_initial)