git-rev-list(1)
===============
-v0.1, May 2005
NAME
----
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git-rev-list' [ *--max-count*=number ] [ *--max-age*=timestamp ] [ *--min-age*=timestamp ] [ *--bisect* ] [ *--pretty* ] [ *--objects* ] [ *--merge-order* [ *--show-breaks* ] ] <commit> [ <commit> ...] [ ^<commit> ...]
+[verse]
+'git-rev-list' [ \--max-count=number ]
+ [ \--skip=number ]
+ [ \--max-age=timestamp ]
+ [ \--min-age=timestamp ]
+ [ \--sparse ]
+ [ \--no-merges ]
+ [ \--remove-empty ]
+ [ \--not ]
+ [ \--all ]
+ [ \--stdin ]
+ [ \--topo-order ]
+ [ \--parents ]
+ [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
+ [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
+ [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
+ [ \--pretty | \--header ]
+ [ \--bisect ]
+ [ \--merge ]
+ [ \--walk-reflogs ]
+ <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
+
Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
useful to produce human-readable log output.
-Commits which are stated with a preceding '^' cause listing to stop at
-that point. Their parents are implied. "git-rev-list foo bar ^baz" thus
+Commits which are stated with a preceding '{caret}' cause listing to
+stop at that point. Their parents are implied. Thus the following
+command:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list foo bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
not in 'baz'".
-If *--pretty* is specified, print the contents of the commit changesets
-in human-readable form.
+A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
+short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
+the following may be used interchangeably:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list origin..HEAD
+ $ git-rev-list HEAD ^origin
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
+for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
+between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list A B --not $(git-merge-base --all A B)
+ $ git-rev-list A...B
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+gitlink:git-rev-list[1] is a very essential git program, since it
+provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
+this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
+used by commands as different as gitlink:git-bisect[1] and
+gitlink:git-repack[1].
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+Commit Formatting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Using these options, gitlink:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
+more specialized family of commit log tools: gitlink:git-log[1],
+gitlink:git-show[1], and gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]
+
+include::pretty-formats.txt[]
+
+--relative-date::
+
+ Show dates relative to the current time, e.g. "2 hours ago".
+ Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
+ as when using "--pretty".
+
+--header::
+
+ Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
+ separated with a NUL character.
+
+--parents::
+
+ Print the parents of the commit.
+
+Diff Formatting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
+Some of them are specific to gitlink:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
+options may be given. See gitlink:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
+
+-c::
+
+ This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed. It shows
+ the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
+ simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
+ and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
+ which were modified from all parents.
+
+--cc::
+
+ This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
+ patch output by omitting hunks that show differences from only
+ one parent, or show the same change from all but one parent for
+ an Octopus merge.
+
+-r::
+
+ Show recursive diffs.
+
+-t::
+
+ Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
+
+Commit Limiting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
+special notations explained in the description, additional commit
+limiting may be applied.
+
+--
+
+-n 'number', --max-count='number'::
+
+ Limit the number of commits output.
+
+--skip='number'::
+
+ Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
+
+--since='date', --after='date'::
+
+ Show commits more recent than a specific date.
+
+--until='date', --before='date'::
-The *--objects* flag causes 'git-rev-list' to print the object IDs of
-any object referenced by the listed commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo
-^bar' thus means "send me all object IDs which I need to download if
-I have the commit object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
+ Show commits older than a specific date.
-The *--bisect* flag limits output to the one commit object which is
-roughly halfway between the included and excluded commits. Thus,
-if 'git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar
-^baz' outputs 'midpoint', the output
-of 'git-rev-list foo ^midpoint' and 'git-rev-list midpoint
-^bar
-^baz'
-would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which introduces
-a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly generate and
-test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length one.
+--max-age='timestamp', --min-age='timestamp'::
-If *--merge-order* is specified, the commit history is decomposed into a
-unique sequence of minimal, non-linear epochs and maximal, linear epochs.
-Non-linear epochs are then linearised by sorting them into merge order, which
-is described below.
+ Limit the commits output to specified time range.
-Maximal, linear epochs correspond to periods of sequential development.
-Minimal, non-linear epochs correspond to periods of divergent development
-followed by a converging merge. The theory of epochs is described in more
-detail at
-link:http://blackcubes.dyndns.org/epoch/[http://blackcubes.dyndns.org/epoch/].
+--author='pattern', --committer='pattern'::
-The merge order for a non-linear epoch is defined as a linearisation for which
-the following invariants are true:
+ Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
+ header lines that match the specified pattern.
- 1. if a commit P is reachable from commit N, commit P sorts after commit N
- in the linearised list.
- 2. if Pi and Pj are any two parents of a merge M (with i < j), then any
- commit N, such that N is reachable from Pj but not reachable from Pi,
- sorts before all commits reachable from Pi.
+--grep='pattern'::
-Invariant 1 states that later commits appear before earlier commits they are
-derived from.
+ Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
+ matches the specified pattern.
-Invariant 2 states that commits unique to "later" parents in a merge, appear
-before all commits from "earlier" parents of a merge.
+--remove-empty::
-If *--show-breaks* is specified, each item of the list is output with a
-2-character prefix consisting of one of: (|), (^), (=) followed by a space.
+ Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
-Commits marked with (=) represent the boundaries of minimal, non-linear epochs
-and correspond either to the start of a period of divergent development or to
-the end of such a period.
+--no-merges::
-Commits marked with (|) are direct parents of commits immediately preceding
-the marked commit in the list.
+ Do not print commits with more than one parent.
-Commits marked with (^) are not parents of the immediately preceding commit.
-These "breaks" represent necessary discontinuities implied by trying to
-represent an arbtirary DAG in a linear form.
+--not::
-*--show-breaks* is only valid if *--merge-order* is also specified.
+ Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
+ for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
+
+--all::
+
+ Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/` are listed on the
+ command line as '<commit>'.
+
+--stdin::
+
+ In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
+ line, read them from the standard input.
+
+-g, --walk-reflogs::
+
+ Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
+ reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
+ When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
+ exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
+ nor 'commit1...commit2' notations cannot be used).
++
+With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
+this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
+taken from the reflog. By default, 'commit@{Nth}' notation is
+used in the output. When the starting commit is specified as
+'commit@{now}', output also uses 'commit@{timestamp}' notation
+instead. Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
+prefixed with this information on the same line.
+
+--merge::
+
+ After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
+ conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
+
+--boundary::
+
+ Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
+ not shown.
+
+--dense, --sparse::
+
+When optional paths are given, the default behaviour ('--dense') is to
+only output commits that changes at least one of them, and also ignore
+merges that do not touch the given paths.
+
+Use the '--sparse' flag to makes the command output all eligible commits
+(still subject to count and age limitation), but apply merge
+simplification nevertheless.
+
+--bisect::
+
+Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
+the included and excluded commits. Thus, if
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ $ git-rev-list foo ^midpoint
+ $ git-rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which
+introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
+generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
+one.
+
+--
+
+Commit Ordering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
+
+--topo-order::
+
+ This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
+ descendant commits are shown before their parents).
+
+--date-order::
+
+ This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
+ parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
+ are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
+
+Object Traversal
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
+
+--objects::
+
+ Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
+ commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
+ all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
+ object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
+
+--objects-edge::
+
+ Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
+ commits prefixed with a "-" character. This is used by
+ gitlink:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
+ objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
+ excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
+
+--unpacked::
+
+ Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
+ in packs.
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-Original *--merge-order* logic by Jon Seymour <jon.seymour@gmail.com>
-
Documentation
--------------
-Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca
+and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
GIT
---
Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
-