`git reset --hard <upstream>` (or <newbase>).
The commits that were previously saved into the temporary area are
-then reapplied to the current branch, one by one, in order.
+then reapplied to the current branch, one by one, in order. Note that
+any commits in HEAD which introduce the same textual changes as a commit
+in HEAD..<upstream> are omitted (i.e., a patch already accepted upstream
+with a different commit message or timestamp will be skipped).
It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being
completely automatic. You will have to resolve any such merge failure
The latter form is just a short-hand of `git checkout topic`
followed by `git rebase master`.
+If the upstream branch already contains a change you have made (e.g.,
+because you mailed a patch which was applied upstream), then that commit
+will be skipped. For example, running `git-rebase master` on the
+following history (in which A' and A introduce the same set of changes,
+but have different committer information):
+
+------------
+ A---B---C topic
+ /
+ D---E---A'---F master
+------------
+
+will result in:
+
+------------
+ B'---C' topic
+ /
+ D---E---A'---F master
+------------
+
Here is how you would transplant a topic branch based on one
branch to another, to pretend that you forked the topic branch
from the latter branch, using `rebase --onto`.
If you want to fold two or more commits into one, replace the command
"pick" with "squash" for the second and subsequent commit. If the
commits had different authors, it will attribute the squashed commit to
-the author of the last commit.
+the author of the first commit.
In both cases, or when a "pick" does not succeed (because of merge
errors), the loop will stop to let you fix things, and you can continue