-git(7)
+git(1)
======
NAME
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
- [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
+ [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
+ [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
+ [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
+ <command> [<args>]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
and full access to internals.
-See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
-"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
-also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration].
-
-The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
-as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-repo-config[1]).
+See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of
+commands. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more
+in-depth introduction.
+
+After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
+page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about
+individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7]
+manual page gives you an overview of the command line command syntax.
+
+Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation
+can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`.
+
+ifdef::stalenotes[]
+[NOTE]
+============
+
+You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
+unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master'
+branch of the `git.git` repository.
+Documentation for older releases are available here:
+
+* link:v1.9.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.2]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0].
+
+* link:v1.8.5.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5].
+
+* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4].
+
+* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
+
+* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
+
+* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
+
+* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0].
+
+* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12].
+
+* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11].
+
+* link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10].
+
+* link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
+
+* link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
+
+* link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
+
+* link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
+
+* link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
+
+* link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
+
+* link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
+
+* link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
+
+* link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
+
+* link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
+
+* link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
+
+* link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
+
+* link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
+
+* link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
+
+* link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
+
+* link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
+
+* link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
+
+* link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
+
+* link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
+
+* link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
+
+* link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
+
+* link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
+
+* link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
+
+* release notes for
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
+ link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
+
+* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
+ link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
+ link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
+ link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
+
+============
+
+endif::stalenotes[]
OPTIONS
-------
--version::
- Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
+ Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
--help::
Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
- commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
- the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
- given then all available commands are printed.
-
---exec-path::
- Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
+ commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
+ available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
+ option will bring up the manual page for that command.
++
+Other options are available to control how the manual page is
+displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
+because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
+help ...`.
+
+-C <path>::
+ Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
+ directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
+ non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
+ <path>`.
++
+This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
+`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
+made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For
+example the following invocations are equivalent:
+
+ git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
+ git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status
+
+-c <name>=<value>::
+ Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
+ given will override values from configuration files.
+ The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
+ 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
+
+--exec-path[=<path>]::
+ Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
- environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
+ environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
the current setting and then exit.
--p|--paginate::
- Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
+--html-path::
+ Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
+ documentation is installed and exit.
---git-dir=<path>::
- Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
- setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
+--man-path::
+ Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
+ this version of Git and exit.
---bare::
- Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
+--info-path::
+ Print the path where the Info files documenting this
+ version of Git are installed and exit.
-FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
----------------------
+-p::
+--paginate::
+ Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
+ output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
+ configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
+ below).
-See the references above to get started using git. The following is
-probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
+--no-pager::
+ Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
-The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
-link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
-underlying git architecture.
+--git-dir=<path>::
+ Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
+ setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
+ path or relative path to current working directory.
+
+--work-tree=<path>::
+ Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
+ or a path relative to the current working directory.
+ This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
+ environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
+ variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
+ more detailed discussion).
+
+--namespace=<path>::
+ Set the Git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
+ details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
+ variable.
-See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
-examples.
+--bare::
+ Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
+ environment is not set, it is set to the current working
+ directory.
+
+--no-replace-objects::
+ Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
+ linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
+
+--literal-pathspecs::
+ Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
+ This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
+ variable to `1`.
+
+--glob-pathspecs::
+ Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+ the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling
+ globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+ magic ":(literal)"
+
+--noglob-pathspecs::
+ Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+ the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling
+ globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+ magic ":(glob)"
+
+--icase-pathspecs::
+ Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+ the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
GIT COMMANDS
------------
-We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
+We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
("plumbing") commands.
High-level commands (porcelain)
Main porcelain commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-add[1]::
- Add paths to the index.
-
-gitlink:git-am[1]::
- Apply patches from a mailbox, but cooler.
-
-gitlink:git-applymbox[1]::
- Apply patches from a mailbox, original version by Linus.
-
-gitlink:git-archive[1]::
- Creates an archive of files from a named tree.
-
-gitlink:git-bisect[1]::
- Find the change that introduced a bug by binary search.
-
-gitlink:git-branch[1]::
- Create and Show branches.
-
-gitlink:git-checkout[1]::
- Checkout and switch to a branch.
-
-gitlink:git-cherry-pick[1]::
- Cherry-pick the effect of an existing commit.
-
-gitlink:git-clean[1]::
- Remove untracked files from the working tree.
-
-gitlink:git-clone[1]::
- Clones a repository into a new directory.
-
-gitlink:git-commit[1]::
- Record changes to the repository.
-
-gitlink:git-diff[1]::
- Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
-
-gitlink:git-fetch[1]::
- Download from a remote repository via various protocols.
-
-gitlink:git-format-patch[1]::
- Prepare patches for e-mail submission.
-
-gitlink:git-grep[1]::
- Print lines matching a pattern.
-
-gitlink:gitk[1]::
- The git repository browser.
-
-gitlink:git-log[1]::
- Shows commit logs.
-
-gitlink:git-ls-remote[1]::
- Shows references in a remote or local repository.
-
-gitlink:git-merge[1]::
- Grand unified merge driver.
-
-gitlink:git-mv[1]::
- Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink.
-
-gitlink:git-pack-refs[1]::
- Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access.
-
-gitlink:git-pull[1]::
- Fetch from and merge with a remote repository or a local branch.
-
-gitlink:git-push[1]::
- Update remote refs along with associated objects.
-
-gitlink:git-rebase[1]::
- Rebase local commits to the updated upstream head.
-
-gitlink:git-repack[1]::
- Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
-
-gitlink:git-rerere[1]::
- Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges.
-
-gitlink:git-reset[1]::
- Reset current HEAD to the specified state.
-
-gitlink:git-resolve[1]::
- Merge two commits.
-
-gitlink:git-revert[1]::
- Revert an existing commit.
-
-gitlink:git-rm[1]::
- Remove files from the working tree and from the index.
-
-gitlink:git-shortlog[1]::
- Summarizes 'git log' output.
-
-gitlink:git-show[1]::
- Show one commit log and its diff.
-
-gitlink:git-show-branch[1]::
- Show branches and their commits.
-
-gitlink:git-status[1]::
- Shows the working tree status.
-
-gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]::
- Check the GPG signature of tag.
-
-gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]::
- Shows commit logs and differences they introduce.
-
+include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
Ancillary Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Manipulators:
-gitlink:git-applypatch[1]::
- Apply one patch extracted from an e-mail.
-
-gitlink:git-archimport[1]::
- Import an arch repository into git.
-
-gitlink:git-convert-objects[1]::
- Converts old-style git repository.
-
-gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]::
- Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
-
-gitlink:git-cvsexportcommit[1]::
- Export a single commit to a CVS checkout.
-
-gitlink:git-cvsserver[1]::
- A CVS server emulator for git.
-
-gitlink:git-gc[1]::
- Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository.
-
-gitlink:git-lost-found[1]::
- Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned.
-
-gitlink:git-merge-one-file[1]::
- The standard helper program to use with `git-merge-index`.
-
-gitlink:git-prune[1]::
- Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database.
-
-gitlink:git-quiltimport[1]::
- Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch.
-
-gitlink:git-reflog[1]::
- Manage reflog information.
-
-gitlink:git-relink[1]::
- Hardlink common objects in local repositories.
-
-gitlink:git-svn[1]::
- Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git.
-
-gitlink:git-svnimport[1]::
- Import a SVN repository into git.
-
-gitlink:git-sh-setup[1]::
- Common git shell script setup code.
-
-gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]::
- Read and modify symbolic refs.
-
-gitlink:git-tag[1]::
- An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG.
-
-gitlink:git-update-ref[1]::
- Update the object name stored in a ref safely.
-
+include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
Interrogators:
-gitlink:git-annotate[1]::
- Annotate file lines with commit info.
-
-gitlink:git-blame[1]::
- Find out where each line in a file came from.
-
-gitlink:git-check-ref-format[1]::
- Make sure ref name is well formed.
-
-gitlink:git-cherry[1]::
- Find commits not merged upstream.
-
-gitlink:git-count-objects[1]::
- Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
-
-gitlink:git-daemon[1]::
- A really simple server for git repositories.
-
-gitlink:git-fmt-merge-msg[1]::
- Produce a merge commit message.
-
-gitlink:git-get-tar-commit-id[1]::
- Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-tar-tree.
-
-gitlink:git-imap-send[1]::
- Dump a mailbox from stdin into an imap folder.
-
-gitlink:git-instaweb[1]::
- Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.
-
-gitlink:git-mailinfo[1]::
- Extracts patch and authorship information from a single
- e-mail message, optionally transliterating the commit
- message into utf-8.
+include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
-gitlink:git-mailsplit[1]::
- A stupid program to split UNIX mbox format mailbox into
- individual pieces of e-mail.
-gitlink:git-merge-tree[1]::
- Show three-way merge without touching index.
-
-gitlink:git-patch-id[1]::
- Compute unique ID for a patch.
-
-gitlink:git-parse-remote[1]::
- Routines to help parsing `$GIT_DIR/remotes/` files.
-
-gitlink:git-request-pull[1]::
- git-request-pull.
-
-gitlink:git-rev-parse[1]::
- Pick out and massage parameters.
-
-gitlink:git-runstatus[1]::
- A helper for git-status and git-commit.
-
-gitlink:git-send-email[1]::
- Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output.
+Interacting with Others
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-symbolic-ref[1]::
- Read and modify symbolic refs.
+These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
+people via patch over e-mail.
-gitlink:git-stripspace[1]::
- Filter out empty lines.
+include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
Low-level commands (plumbing)
-----------------------------
-Although git includes its
+Although Git includes its
own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
-might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
-gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
-
-We divide the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
+might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
+linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
+The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
+to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
+than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
+primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
+on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
+end user experience.
+
+The following description divides
+the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
repositories.
+
Manipulation commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-apply[1]::
- Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and
- applies it to the working tree.
-
-gitlink:git-checkout-index[1]::
- Copy files from the index to the working tree.
-
-gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]::
- Creates a new commit object.
-
-gitlink:git-hash-object[1]::
- Computes the object ID from a file.
-
-gitlink:git-index-pack[1]::
- Build pack idx file for an existing packed archive.
-
-gitlink:git-init-db[1]::
- Creates an empty git object database, or reinitialize an
- existing one.
-
-gitlink:git-merge-file[1]::
- Runs a threeway merge.
-
-gitlink:git-merge-index[1]::
- Runs a merge for files needing merging.
-
-gitlink:git-mktag[1]::
- Creates a tag object.
-
-gitlink:git-mktree[1]::
- Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text.
-
-gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]::
- Creates a packed archive of objects.
-
-gitlink:git-prune-packed[1]::
- Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
-gitlink:git-read-tree[1]::
- Reads tree information into the index.
-
-gitlink:git-repo-config[1]::
- Get and set options in .git/config.
-
-gitlink:git-unpack-objects[1]::
- Unpacks objects out of a packed archive.
-
-gitlink:git-update-index[1]::
- Registers files in the working tree to the index.
-
-gitlink:git-write-tree[1]::
- Creates a tree from the index.
+include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
Interrogation commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-cat-file[1]::
- Provide content or type/size information for repository objects.
-
-gitlink:git-describe[1]::
- Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit.
-
-gitlink:git-diff-index[1]::
- Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository.
-
-gitlink:git-diff-files[1]::
- Compares files in the working tree and the index.
-
-gitlink:git-diff-stages[1]::
- Compares two "merge stages" in the index.
-
-gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]::
- Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects.
-
-gitlink:git-for-each-ref[1]::
- Output information on each ref.
-
-gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1]::
- Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database.
-
-gitlink:git-ls-files[1]::
- Information about files in the index and the working tree.
-
-gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]::
- Displays a tree object in human readable form.
-
-gitlink:git-merge-base[1]::
- Finds as good common ancestors as possible for a merge.
-
-gitlink:git-name-rev[1]::
- Find symbolic names for given revs.
-
-gitlink:git-pack-redundant[1]::
- Find redundant pack files.
-
-gitlink:git-rev-list[1]::
- Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order.
-
-gitlink:git-show-index[1]::
- Displays contents of a pack idx file.
-
-gitlink:git-show-ref[1]::
- List references in a local repository.
-
-gitlink:git-tar-tree[1]::
- Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree object.
-
-gitlink:git-unpack-file[1]::
- Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents.
-
-gitlink:git-var[1]::
- Displays a git logical variable.
-
-gitlink:git-verify-pack[1]::
- Validates packed git archive files.
+include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
the working tree.
Synching repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-fetch-pack[1]::
- Updates from a remote repository (engine for ssh and
- local transport).
-
-gitlink:git-http-fetch[1]::
- Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP by walking
- commit chain.
-
-gitlink:git-local-fetch[1]::
- Duplicates another git repository on a local system by
- walking commit chain.
+include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
-gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]::
- Lists references on a remote repository using
- upload-pack protocol (engine for ssh and local
- transport).
+The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
+typically do not use them directly.
-gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]::
- Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
+include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
-gitlink:git-send-pack[1]::
- Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
-gitlink:git-http-push[1]::
- Push missing objects using HTTP/DAV.
+Internal helper commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-gitlink:git-shell[1]::
- Restricted shell for GIT-only SSH access.
+These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
+users typically do not use them directly.
-gitlink:git-ssh-fetch[1]::
- Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection by
- walking commit chain.
-
-gitlink:git-ssh-upload[1]::
- Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch.
-
-gitlink:git-update-server-info[1]::
- Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help
- clients discover references and packs on it.
-
-gitlink:git-upload-archive[1]::
- Invoked by 'git-archive' to send a generated archive.
-
-gitlink:git-upload-pack[1]::
- Invoked by 'git-fetch-pack' to push
- what are asked for.
+include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
Configuration Mechanism
-----------------------
-Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
-is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
-simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
-people. Here is an example:
+Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
+repository and are per user. Such a configuration file may look
+like this:
------------
#
; user identity
[user]
name = "Junio C Hamano"
- email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+ email = "gitster@pobox.com"
------------
Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
-their operation accordingly.
+their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
+list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
Identifier Terminology
operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
<commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
+<commit-ish>::
+ Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
+ command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
+ operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
+ <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
+
<type>::
Indicates that an object type is required.
Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
Symbolic Identifiers
--------------------
-Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
+Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
symbolic notation:
HEAD::
- indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
- contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
+ indicates the head of the current branch.
<tag>::
a valid tag 'name'
- (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
+ (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
<head>::
a valid head 'name'
- (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
+ (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
-"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
+"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
File/Directory Structure
------------------------
-Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
+Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
-Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
+Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
`$GIT_DIR`.
Terminology
-----------
-Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
+Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
Environment Variables
---------------------
-Various git commands use the following environment variables:
+Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
-The git Repository
+The Git Repository
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
+These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
-git so take care if using Cogito etc.
+Git so take care if using Cogito etc.
'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
This environment allows the specification of an alternate
index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
is used.
+'GIT_INDEX_VERSION'::
+ This environment variable allows the specification of an index
+ version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index
+ files. By default index file version [23] is used.
+
'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
If the object storage directory is specified via this
environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
directory is used.
'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
- Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
+ Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
- specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
- can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
- written to these directories.
+ specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
+ of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
+ objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
'GIT_DIR'::
If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
for the base of the repository.
-
-git Commits
+ The '--git-dir' command-line option also sets this value.
+
+'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
+ Set the path to the root of the working tree.
+ This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
+ option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
+
+'GIT_NAMESPACE'::
+ Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
+ The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
+
+'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
+ This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. If
+ set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
+ into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
+ excluding slow-loading network directories). It will not
+ exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
+ command line or in the environment. Normally, Git has to read
+ the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
+ might be present in order to compare them with the current
+ directory. However, if even this access is slow, you
+ can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
+ subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
+ e.g.,
+ 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink'.
+
+'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
+ When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
+ directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
+ directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
+ does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
+ can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
+ boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
+ an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
+ command line.
+
+Git Commits
~~~~~~~~~~~
'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
- see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
+'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
+'EMAIL'::
+ see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
-git Diffs
+Git Diffs
~~~~~~~~~
'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
- value passed on the git diff command line.
+ value passed on the Git diff command line.
'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
<old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
contents of <old|new>,
- <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
+ <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
<old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
-
+
The file parameters can point at the user's working file
(e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
+
For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
parameter, <path>.
++
+For each path 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called, two environment variables,
+'GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER' and 'GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL' are set.
+
+'GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER'::
+ A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
+
+'GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL'::
+ The total number of paths.
other
~~~~~
+'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
+ A number controlling the amount of output shown by
+ the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
+ See linkgit:git-merge[1]
+
'GIT_PAGER'::
- This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`.
+ This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
+ to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
+ a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
+ linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+'GIT_EDITOR'::
+ This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
+ It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
+ an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
+ and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+'GIT_SSH'::
+ If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
+ and 'git push' will use this command instead
+ of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
+ The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two or
+ four arguments: the 'username@host' (or just 'host')
+ from the URL and the shell command to execute on that
+ remote system, optionally preceded by '-p' (literally) and
+ the 'port' from the URL when it specifies something other
+ than the default SSH port.
++
+To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
+you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
+then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
++
+Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
+personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
+for further details.
+
+'GIT_ASKPASS'::
+ If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
+ acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
+ will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
+ and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
+ option in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+'GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM'::
+ Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+ `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file. This environment variable can
+ be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
+ predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
+ temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
+ waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
+
+'GIT_FLUSH'::
+ If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
+ as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
+ 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
+ force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
+ flushed. If this
+ variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
+ using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
+ not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+ based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
'GIT_TRACE'::
If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
- is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
+ is case insensitive), Git will print `trace:` messages on
stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
execution and external command execution.
If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
- and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
+ and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
trace messages into this file descriptor.
Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
- (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
+ (starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
into it.
+'GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS'::
+ If this variable is set to a path, a file will be created at
+ the given path logging all accesses to any packs. For each
+ access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
+ recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
+ pack-related performance problems.
+
+'GIT_TRACE_PACKET'::
+ If this variable is set, it shows a trace of all packets
+ coming in or out of a given program. This can help with
+ debugging object negotiation or other protocol issues. Tracing
+ is turned off at a packet starting with "PACK".
+
+GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS::
+ Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+ pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
+ running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
+ for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
+ glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
+ literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
+ `git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
+
+GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS::
+ Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+ pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
+
+GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS::
+ Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+ pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
+
+GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS::
+ Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+ pathspecs as case-insensitive.
+
+'GIT_REFLOG_ACTION'::
+ When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
+ track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
+ typically the name of the high-level command that updated
+ the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
+ A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
+ helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this
+ variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
+ end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
+
+
Discussion[[Discussion]]
------------------------
-include::README[]
+
+More detail on the following is available from the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
+
+A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
+things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
+of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
+contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
+as tags and branch heads.
+
+The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
+hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
+directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
+and some number of parent commits.
+
+The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
+"version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
+represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
+parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
+
+All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
+written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
+The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
+just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
+purpose.
+
+When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
+efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
+
+Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
+may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA-1 names of
+tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
+`HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
+
+The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
+path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
+the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
+attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
+corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
+working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
+be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
+content stored in the index.
+
+The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
+for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
+unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
+
+FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
+---------------------
+
+See the references in the "description" section to get started
+using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary
+for a first-time user.
+
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
+introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
+
+See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
+
+See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
+examples.
+
+The internals are documented in the
+link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
+
+Users migrating from CVS may also want to
+read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
Authors
-------
-* git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
-* The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
-* The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
-* General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
+C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>. http://www.ohloh.net/p/git/contributors/summary
+gives you a more complete list of contributors.
+
+If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
+output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
+the authors for specific parts of the project.
-Documentation
+Reporting Bugs
--------------
-The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
-<david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
-contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+
+Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
+development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
+subscribed to the list to send a message there.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
+linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
GIT
---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
-
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite