+static int copyfrom_data(struct window *ctx, size_t *data_pos, size_t nbytes)
+{
+ const size_t pos = *data_pos;
+ if (unsigned_add_overflows(pos, nbytes) ||
+ pos + nbytes > ctx->data.len)
+ return error("invalid delta: copies unavailable inline data");
+ strbuf_add(&ctx->out, ctx->data.buf + pos, nbytes);
+ *data_pos += nbytes;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_first_operand(const char **buf, size_t *out, const char *end)
+{
+ size_t result = (unsigned char) *(*buf)++ & OPERAND_MASK;
+ if (result) { /* immediate operand */
+ *out = result;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ return parse_int(buf, out, end);
+}
+
+static int execute_one_instruction(struct window *ctx,
+ const char **instructions, size_t *data_pos)
+{
+ unsigned int instruction;
+ const char *insns_end = ctx->instructions.buf + ctx->instructions.len;
+ size_t nbytes;
+ assert(ctx);
+ assert(instructions && *instructions);
+ assert(data_pos);
+
+ instruction = (unsigned char) **instructions;
+ if (parse_first_operand(instructions, &nbytes, insns_end))
+ return -1;
+ if ((instruction & INSN_MASK) != INSN_COPYFROM_DATA)
+ return error("Unknown instruction %x", instruction);
+ return copyfrom_data(ctx, data_pos, nbytes);
+}
+
+static int apply_window_in_core(struct window *ctx)
+{
+ const char *instructions;
+ size_t data_pos = 0;
+
+ /*
+ * Fill ctx->out.buf using data from the source, target,
+ * and inline data views.
+ */
+ for (instructions = ctx->instructions.buf;
+ instructions != ctx->instructions.buf + ctx->instructions.len;
+ )
+ if (execute_one_instruction(ctx, &instructions, &data_pos))
+ return -1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int apply_one_window(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t *delta_len,
+ FILE *out)