From: Junio C Hamano Date: Wed, 3 Oct 2007 10:05:32 +0000 (-0700) Subject: Merge branch 'jc/autogc' X-Git-Tag: v1.5.4-rc0~390 X-Git-Url: https://git.lorimer.id.au/gitweb.git/diff_plain/0341091a9ec47576a2fdfab181145fa94c04b810?hp=17815501a8f95c080891acd9537514adfe17c80e Merge branch 'jc/autogc' * jc/autogc: git-gc --auto: run "repack -A -d -l" as necessary. git-gc --auto: restructure the way "repack" command line is built. git-gc --auto: protect ourselves from accumulated cruft git-gc --auto: add documentation. git-gc --auto: move threshold check to need_to_gc() function. repack -A -d: use --keep-unreachable when repacking pack-objects --keep-unreachable Export matches_pack_name() and fix its return value Invoke "git gc --auto" from commit, merge, am and rebase. Implement git gc --auto --- diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 63c918c667..e0b91befb9 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ git-clone git-commit git-commit-tree git-config -git-convert-objects git-count-objects git-cvsexportcommit git-cvsimport diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index fbefe9a45b..39ec0ede02 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ cmd-list.made: cmd-list.perl $(MAN1_TXT) perl ./cmd-list.perl date >$@ -git.7 git.html: git.txt core-intro.txt +git.7 git.html: git.txt clean: $(RM) *.xml *.xml+ *.html *.html+ *.1 *.5 *.7 *.texi *.texi+ howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4bbde3cab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +GIT v1.5.3.2 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.5.3.1 +-------------------- + + * git-push sent thin packs by default, which was not good for + the public distribution server (no point in saving transfer + while pushing; no point in making the resulting pack less + optimum). + + * git-svn sometimes terminated with "Malformed network data" when + talking over svn:// protocol. + + * git-send-email re-issued the same message-id about 10% of the + time if you fired off 30 messages within a single second. + + * git-stash was not terminating the log message of commits it + internally creates with LF. + + * git-apply failed to check the size of the patch hunk when its + beginning part matched the remainder of the preimage exactly, + even though the preimage recorded in the hunk was much larger + (therefore the patch should not have applied), leading to a + segfault. + + * "git rm foo && git commit foo" complained that 'foo' needs to + be added first, instead of committing the removal, which was a + nonsense. + + * git grep -c said "/dev/null: 0". + + * git-add -u failed to recognize a blob whose type changed + between the index and the work tree. + + * The limit to rename detection has been tightened a lot to + reduce performance problems with a huge change. + + * cvsimport and svnimport barfed when the input tried to move + a tag. + + * "git apply -pN" did not chop the right number of directories. + + * "git svnimport" did not like SVN tags with funny characters in them. + + * git-gui 0.8.3, with assorted fixes, including: + + - font-chooser on X11 was unusable with large number of fonts; + - a diff that contained a deleted symlink made it barf; + - an untracked symbolic link to a directory made it fart; + - a file with % in its name made it vomit; + + +Documentation updates +--------------------- + +User manual has been somewhat restructured. I think the new +organization is much easier to read. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2a7bfdd5cc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +GIT v1.5.3.3 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.5.3.2 +-------------------- + + * git-quiltimport did not like it when a patch described in the + series file does not exist. + + * p4 importer missed executable bit in some cases. + + * The default shell on some FreeBSD did not execute the + argument parsing code correctly and made git unusable. + + * git-svn incorrectly spawned pager even when the user user + explicitly asked not to. + + * sample post-receive hook overquoted the envelope sender + value. + + * git-am got confused when the patch contained a change that is + only about type and not contents. + + * git-mergetool did not show our and their version of the + conflicted file when started from a subdirectory of the + project. + + * git-mergetool did not pass correct options when invoking diff3. + + * git-log sometimes invoked underlying "diff" machinery + unnecessarily. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b04b3a45a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +GIT v1.5.3.4 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.5.3.3 +-------------------- + + * Change to "git-ls-files" in v1.5.3.3 that was introduced to support + partial commit of removal better had a segfaulting bug, which was + diagnosed and fixed by Keith and Carl. + + * Performance improvements for rename detection has been backported + from the 'master' branch. + + * "git-for-each-ref --format='%(numparent)'" was not working + correctly at all, and --format='%(parent)' was not working for + merge commits. + + * Sample "post-receive-hook" incorrectly sent out push + notification e-mails marked as "From: " the committer of the + commit that happened to be at the tip of the branch that was + pushed, not from the person who pushed. + + * "git-remote" did not exit non-zero status upon error. + + * "git-add -i" did not respond very well to EOF from tty nor + bogus input. + + * "git-rebase -i" squash subcommand incorrectly made the + author of later commit the author of resulting commit, + instead of taking from the first one in the squashed series. + + * "git-stash apply --index" was not documented. + + * autoconfiguration learned that "ar" command is found as "gas" on + some systems. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.txt index 1df66af9ce..ceee857232 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.4.txt @@ -4,7 +4,22 @@ GIT v1.5.4 Release Notes Updates since v1.5.3 -------------------- + * git-reset is now built-in. + * git-send-email can optionally talk over ssmtp and use SMTP-AUTH. + + * git-rebase learned --whitespace option. + + * git-remote knows --mirror mode. + + * git-merge can call the "post-merge" hook. + + * git-pack-objects can optionally run deltification with multiple threads. + + * git-archive can optionally substitute keywords in files marked with + export-subst attribute. + + * Various Perforce importer updates. Fixes since v1.5.3 ------------------ @@ -12,3 +27,9 @@ Fixes since v1.5.3 All of the fixes in v1.5.3 maintenance series are included in this release, unless otherwise noted. +-- +exec >/var/tmp/1 +O=v1.5.3.2-99-ge4b2890 +echo O=`git describe refs/heads/master` +git shortlog --no-merges $O..refs/heads/master ^refs/heads/maint + diff --git a/Documentation/cmd-list.perl b/Documentation/cmd-list.perl index 4ee76eaf99..1061fd8bcd 100755 --- a/Documentation/cmd-list.perl +++ b/Documentation/cmd-list.perl @@ -94,7 +94,6 @@ sub format_one { git-commit mainporcelain git-commit-tree plumbingmanipulators git-config ancillarymanipulators -git-convert-objects ancillarymanipulators git-count-objects ancillaryinterrogators git-cvsexportcommit foreignscminterface git-cvsimport foreignscminterface diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index b0390f82b8..eebb0b6ba2 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ merge.summary:: merge.tool:: Controls which merge resolution program is used by - gitlink:git-mergetool[l]. Valid values are: "kdiff3", "tkdiff", + gitlink:git-mergetool[1]. Valid values are: "kdiff3", "tkdiff", "meld", "xxdiff", "emerge", "vimdiff", "gvimdiff", and "opendiff". merge.verbosity:: @@ -643,9 +643,17 @@ pack.deltaCacheSize:: A value of 0 means no limit. Defaults to 0. pack.deltaCacheLimit:: - The maxium size of a delta, that is cached in + The maximum size of a delta, that is cached in gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]. Defaults to 1000. +pack.threads:: + Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best + delta matches. This requires that gitlink:git-pack-objects[1] + be compiled with pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a + warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor + machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window + is however multiplied by the number of threads. + pull.octopus:: The default merge strategy to use when pulling multiple branches at once. diff --git a/Documentation/core-intro.txt b/Documentation/core-intro.txt deleted file mode 100644 index f3cc2238c7..0000000000 --- a/Documentation/core-intro.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,592 +0,0 @@ -//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - - GIT - the stupid content tracker - -//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - -"git" can mean anything, depending on your mood. - - - random three-letter combination that is pronounceable, and not - actually used by any common UNIX command. The fact that it is a - mispronunciation of "get" may or may not be relevant. - - stupid. contemptible and despicable. simple. Take your pick from the - dictionary of slang. - - "global information tracker": you're in a good mood, and it actually - works for you. Angels sing, and a light suddenly fills the room. - - "goddamn idiotic truckload of sh*t": when it breaks - -This is a (not so) stupid but extremely fast directory content manager. -It doesn't do a whole lot at its core, but what it 'does' do is track -directory contents efficiently. - -There are two object abstractions: the "object database", and the -"current directory cache" aka "index". - -The Object Database -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The object database is literally just a content-addressable collection -of objects. All objects are named by their content, which is -approximated by the SHA1 hash of the object itself. Objects may refer -to other objects (by referencing their SHA1 hash), and so you can -build up a hierarchy of objects. - -All objects have a statically determined "type" aka "tag", which is -determined at object creation time, and which identifies the format of -the object (i.e. how it is used, and how it can refer to other -objects). There are currently four different object types: "blob", -"tree", "commit" and "tag". - -A "blob" object cannot refer to any other object, and is, like the type -implies, a pure storage object containing some user data. It is used to -actually store the file data, i.e. a blob object is associated with some -particular version of some file. - -A "tree" object is an object that ties one or more "blob" objects into a -directory structure. In addition, a tree object can refer to other tree -objects, thus creating a directory hierarchy. - -A "commit" object ties such directory hierarchies together into -a DAG of revisions - each "commit" is associated with exactly one tree -(the directory hierarchy at the time of the commit). In addition, a -"commit" refers to one or more "parent" commit objects that describe the -history of how we arrived at that directory hierarchy. - -As a special case, a commit object with no parents is called the "root" -object, and is the point of an initial project commit. Each project -must have at least one root, and while you can tie several different -root objects together into one project by creating a commit object which -has two or more separate roots as its ultimate parents, that's probably -just going to confuse people. So aim for the notion of "one root object -per project", even if git itself does not enforce that. - -A "tag" object symbolically identifies and can be used to sign other -objects. It contains the identifier and type of another object, a -symbolic name (of course!) and, optionally, a signature. - -Regardless of object type, all objects share the following -characteristics: they are all deflated with zlib, and have a header -that not only specifies their type, but also provides size information -about the data in the object. It's worth noting that the SHA1 hash -that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data -plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name -for 'file'. -(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash -was the sha1 of the 'compressed' object.) - -As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested -independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can -be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the -file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that -forms a sequence of + + + + . - -The structured objects can further have their structure and -connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with -the `git-fsck` program, which generates a full dependency graph -of all objects, and verifies their internal consistency (in addition -to just verifying their superficial consistency through the hash). - -The object types in some more detail: - -Blob Object -~~~~~~~~~~~ -A "blob" object is nothing but a binary blob of data, and doesn't -refer to anything else. There is no signature or any other -verification of the data, so while the object is consistent (it 'is' -indexed by its sha1 hash, so the data itself is certainly correct), it -has absolutely no other attributes. No name associations, no -permissions. It is purely a blob of data (i.e. normally "file -contents"). - -In particular, since the blob is entirely defined by its data, if two -files in a directory tree (or in multiple different versions of the -repository) have the same contents, they will share the same blob -object. The object is totally independent of its location in the -directory tree, and renaming a file does not change the object that -file is associated with in any way. - -A blob is typically created when gitlink:git-update-index[1] -(or gitlink:git-add[1]) is run, and its data can be accessed by -gitlink:git-cat-file[1]. - -Tree Object -~~~~~~~~~~~ -The next hierarchical object type is the "tree" object. A tree object -is a list of mode/name/blob data, sorted by name. Alternatively, the -mode data may specify a directory mode, in which case instead of -naming a blob, that name is associated with another TREE object. - -Like the "blob" object, a tree object is uniquely determined by the -set contents, and so two separate but identical trees will always -share the exact same object. This is true at all levels, i.e. it's -true for a "leaf" tree (which does not refer to any other trees, only -blobs) as well as for a whole subdirectory. - -For that reason a "tree" object is just a pure data abstraction: it -has no history, no signatures, no verification of validity, except -that since the contents are again protected by the hash itself, we can -trust that the tree is immutable and its contents never change. - -So you can trust the contents of a tree to be valid, the same way you -can trust the contents of a blob, but you don't know where those -contents 'came' from. - -Side note on trees: since a "tree" object is a sorted list of -"filename+content", you can create a diff between two trees without -actually having to unpack two trees. Just ignore all common parts, -and your diff will look right. In other words, you can effectively -(and efficiently) tell the difference between any two random trees by -O(n) where "n" is the size of the difference, rather than the size of -the tree. - -Side note 2 on trees: since the name of a "blob" depends entirely and -exclusively on its contents (i.e. there are no names or permissions -involved), you can see trivial renames or permission changes by -noticing that the blob stayed the same. However, renames with data -changes need a smarter "diff" implementation. - -A tree is created with gitlink:git-write-tree[1] and -its data can be accessed by gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]. -Two trees can be compared with gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]. - -Commit Object -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The "commit" object is an object that introduces the notion of -history into the picture. In contrast to the other objects, it -doesn't just describe the physical state of a tree, it describes how -we got there, and why. - -A "commit" is defined by the tree-object that it results in, the -parent commits (zero, one or more) that led up to that point, and a -comment on what happened. Again, a commit is not trusted per se: -the contents are well-defined and "safe" due to the cryptographically -strong signatures at all levels, but there is no reason to believe -that the tree is "good" or that the merge information makes sense. -The parents do not have to actually have any relationship with the -result, for example. - -Note on commits: unlike real SCM's, commits do not contain -rename information or file mode change information. All of that is -implicit in the trees involved (the result tree, and the result trees -of the parents), and describing that makes no sense in this idiotic -file manager. - -A commit is created with gitlink:git-commit-tree[1] and -its data can be accessed by gitlink:git-cat-file[1]. - -Trust -~~~~~ -An aside on the notion of "trust". Trust is really outside the scope -of "git", but it's worth noting a few things. First off, since -everything is hashed with SHA1, you 'can' trust that an object is -intact and has not been messed with by external sources. So the name -of an object uniquely identifies a known state - just not a state that -you may want to trust. - -Furthermore, since the SHA1 signature of a commit refers to the -SHA1 signatures of the tree it is associated with and the signatures -of the parent, a single named commit specifies uniquely a whole set -of history, with full contents. You can't later fake any step of the -way once you have the name of a commit. - -So to introduce some real trust in the system, the only thing you need -to do is to digitally sign just 'one' special note, which includes the -name of a top-level commit. Your digital signature shows others -that you trust that commit, and the immutability of the history of -commits tells others that they can trust the whole history. - -In other words, you can easily validate a whole archive by just -sending out a single email that tells the people the name (SHA1 hash) -of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something -like GPG/PGP. - -To assist in this, git also provides the tag object... - -Tag Object -~~~~~~~~~~ -Git provides the "tag" object to simplify creating, managing and -exchanging symbolic and signed tokens. The "tag" object at its -simplest simply symbolically identifies another object by containing -the sha1, type and symbolic name. - -However it can optionally contain additional signature information -(which git doesn't care about as long as there's less than 8k of -it). This can then be verified externally to git. - -Note that despite the tag features, "git" itself only handles content -integrity; the trust framework (and signature provision and -verification) has to come from outside. - -A tag is created with gitlink:git-mktag[1], -its data can be accessed by gitlink:git-cat-file[1], -and the signature can be verified by -gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]. - - -The "index" aka "Current Directory Cache" ------------------------------------------ -The index is a simple binary file, which contains an efficient -representation of a virtual directory content at some random time. It -does so by a simple array that associates a set of names, dates, -permissions and content (aka "blob") objects together. The cache is -always kept ordered by name, and names are unique (with a few very -specific rules) at any point in time, but the cache has no long-term -meaning, and can be partially updated at any time. - -In particular, the index certainly does not need to be consistent with -the current directory contents (in fact, most operations will depend on -different ways to make the index 'not' be consistent with the directory -hierarchy), but it has three very important attributes: - -'(a) it can re-generate the full state it caches (not just the -directory structure: it contains pointers to the "blob" objects so -that it can regenerate the data too)' - -As a special case, there is a clear and unambiguous one-way mapping -from a current directory cache to a "tree object", which can be -efficiently created from just the current directory cache without -actually looking at any other data. So a directory cache at any one -time uniquely specifies one and only one "tree" object (but has -additional data to make it easy to match up that tree object with what -has happened in the directory) - -'(b) it has efficient methods for finding inconsistencies between that -cached state ("tree object waiting to be instantiated") and the -current state.' - -'(c) it can additionally efficiently represent information about merge -conflicts between different tree objects, allowing each pathname to be -associated with sufficient information about the trees involved that -you can create a three-way merge between them.' - -Those are the three ONLY things that the directory cache does. It's a -cache, and the normal operation is to re-generate it completely from a -known tree object, or update/compare it with a live tree that is being -developed. If you blow the directory cache away entirely, you generally -haven't lost any information as long as you have the name of the tree -that it described. - -At the same time, the index is at the same time also the -staging area for creating new trees, and creating a new tree always -involves a controlled modification of the index file. In particular, -the index file can have the representation of an intermediate tree that -has not yet been instantiated. So the index can be thought of as a -write-back cache, which can contain dirty information that has not yet -been written back to the backing store. - - - -The Workflow ------------- -Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations -work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the -index), but most operations move data to and from the index file. Either -from the database or from the working directory. Thus there are four -main combinations: - -1) working directory -> index -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -You update the index with information from the working directory with -the gitlink:git-update-index[1] command. You -generally update the index information by just specifying the filename -you want to update, like so: - - git-update-index filename - -but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc, the command -will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries, -i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries. - -To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no -longer exist, or that new files should be added, you -should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively. - -NOTE! A `--remove` flag does 'not' mean that subsequent filenames will -necessarily be removed: if the files still exist in your directory -structure, the index will be updated with their new status, not -removed. The only thing `--remove` means is that update-cache will be -considering a removed file to be a valid thing, and if the file really -does not exist any more, it will update the index accordingly. - -As a special case, you can also do `git-update-index --refresh`, which -will refresh the "stat" information of each index to match the current -stat information. It will 'not' update the object status itself, and -it will only update the fields that are used to quickly test whether -an object still matches its old backing store object. - -2) index -> object database -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -You write your current index file to a "tree" object with the program - - git-write-tree - -that doesn't come with any options - it will just write out the -current index into the set of tree objects that describe that state, -and it will return the name of the resulting top-level tree. You can -use that tree to re-generate the index at any time by going in the -other direction: - -3) object database -> index -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -You read a "tree" file from the object database, and use that to -populate (and overwrite - don't do this if your index contains any -unsaved state that you might want to restore later!) your current -index. Normal operation is just - - git-read-tree - -and your index file will now be equivalent to the tree that you saved -earlier. However, that is only your 'index' file: your working -directory contents have not been modified. - -4) index -> working directory -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -You update your working directory from the index by "checking out" -files. This is not a very common operation, since normally you'd just -keep your files updated, and rather than write to your working -directory, you'd tell the index files about the changes in your -working directory (i.e. `git-update-index`). - -However, if you decide to jump to a new version, or check out somebody -else's version, or just restore a previous tree, you'd populate your -index file with read-tree, and then you need to check out the result -with - - git-checkout-index filename - -or, if you want to check out all of the index, use `-a`. - -NOTE! git-checkout-index normally refuses to overwrite old files, so -if you have an old version of the tree already checked out, you will -need to use the "-f" flag ('before' the "-a" flag or the filename) to -'force' the checkout. - - -Finally, there are a few odds and ends which are not purely moving -from one representation to the other: - -5) Tying it all together -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -To commit a tree you have instantiated with "git-write-tree", you'd -create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history -behind it - most notably the "parent" commits that preceded it in -history. - -Normally a "commit" has one parent: the previous state of the tree -before a certain change was made. However, sometimes it can have two -or more parent commits, in which case we call it a "merge", due to the -fact that such a commit brings together ("merges") two or more -previous states represented by other commits. - -In other words, while a "tree" represents a particular directory state -of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in "time", -and explains how we got there. - -You create a commit object by giving it the tree that describes the -state at the time of the commit, and a list of parents: - - git-commit-tree -p [-p ..] - -and then giving the reason for the commit on stdin (either through -redirection from a pipe or file, or by just typing it at the tty). - -git-commit-tree will return the name of the object that represents -that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally, -you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you -save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the -result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see -what the last committed state was. - -Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how -various pieces fit together. - ------------- - - commit-tree - commit obj - +----+ - | | - | | - V V - +-----------+ - | Object DB | - | Backing | - | Store | - +-----------+ - ^ - write-tree | | - tree obj | | - | | read-tree - | | tree obj - V - +-----------+ - | Index | - | "cache" | - +-----------+ - update-index ^ - blob obj | | - | | - checkout-index -u | | checkout-index - stat | | blob obj - V - +-----------+ - | Working | - | Directory | - +-----------+ - ------------- - - -6) Examining the data -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -You can examine the data represented in the object database and the -index with various helper tools. For every object, you can use -gitlink:git-cat-file[1] to examine details about the -object: - - git-cat-file -t - -shows the type of the object, and once you have the type (which is -usually implicit in where you find the object), you can use - - git-cat-file blob|tree|commit|tag - -to show its contents. NOTE! Trees have binary content, and as a result -there is a special helper for showing that content, called -`git-ls-tree`, which turns the binary content into a more easily -readable form. - -It's especially instructive to look at "commit" objects, since those -tend to be small and fairly self-explanatory. In particular, if you -follow the convention of having the top commit name in `.git/HEAD`, -you can do - - git-cat-file commit HEAD - -to see what the top commit was. - -7) Merging multiple trees -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Git helps you do a three-way merge, which you can expand to n-way by -repeating the merge procedure arbitrary times until you finally -"commit" the state. The normal situation is that you'd only do one -three-way merge (two parents), and commit it, but if you like to, you -can do multiple parents in one go. - -To do a three-way merge, you need the two sets of "commit" objects -that you want to merge, use those to find the closest common parent (a -third "commit" object), and then use those commit objects to find the -state of the directory ("tree" object) at these points. - -To get the "base" for the merge, you first look up the common parent -of two commits with - - git-merge-base - -which will return you the commit they are both based on. You should -now look up the "tree" objects of those commits, which you can easily -do with (for example) - - git-cat-file commit | head -1 - -since the tree object information is always the first line in a commit -object. - -Once you know the three trees you are going to merge (the one -"original" tree, aka the common case, and the two "result" trees, aka -the branches you want to merge), you do a "merge" read into the -index. This will complain if it has to throw away your old index contents, so you should -make sure that you've committed those - in fact you would normally -always do a merge against your last commit (which should thus match -what you have in your current index anyway). - -To do the merge, do - - git-read-tree -m -u - -which will do all trivial merge operations for you directly in the -index file, and you can just write the result out with -`git-write-tree`. - -Historical note. We did not have `-u` facility when this -section was first written, so we used to warn that -the merge is done in the index file, not in your -working tree, and your working tree will not match your -index after this step. -This is no longer true. The above command, thanks to `-u` -option, updates your working tree with the merge results for -paths that have been trivially merged. - - -8) Merging multiple trees, continued -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - -Sadly, many merges aren't trivial. If there are files that have -been added, moved or removed, or if both branches have modified the -same file, you will be left with an index tree that contains "merge -entries" in it. Such an index tree can 'NOT' be written out to a tree -object, and you will have to resolve any such merge clashes using -other tools before you can write out the result. - -You can examine such index state with `git-ls-files --unmerged` -command. An example: - ------------------------------------------------- -$ git-read-tree -m $orig HEAD $target -$ git-ls-files --unmerged -100644 263414f423d0e4d70dae8fe53fa34614ff3e2860 1 hello.c -100644 06fa6a24256dc7e560efa5687fa84b51f0263c3a 2 hello.c -100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3 hello.c ------------------------------------------------- - -Each line of the `git-ls-files --unmerged` output begins with -the blob mode bits, blob SHA1, 'stage number', and the -filename. The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it -came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD` -tree, and stage3 `$target` tree. - -Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside -`git-read-tree -m`. For example, if the file did not change -from `$orig` to `HEAD` nor `$target`, or if the file changed -from `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` the same way, -obviously the final outcome is what is in `HEAD`. What the -above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from -`$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way. -You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge -program, e.g. `diff3` or `merge`, on the blob objects from -these three stages yourself, like this: - ------------------------------------------------- -$ git-cat-file blob 263414f... >hello.c~1 -$ git-cat-file blob 06fa6a2... >hello.c~2 -$ git-cat-file blob cc44c73... >hello.c~3 -$ merge hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3 ------------------------------------------------- - -This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along -with conflict markers if there are conflicts. After verifying -the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final -merge result for this file is by: - - mv -f hello.c~2 hello.c - git-update-index hello.c - -When a path is in unmerged state, running `git-update-index` for -that path tells git to mark the path resolved. - -The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level, -to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood. -In practice, nobody, not even git itself, uses three `git-cat-file` -for this. There is `git-merge-index` program that extracts the -stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it: - - git-merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c - -and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented -with. diff --git a/Documentation/core-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/core-tutorial.txt index 4fb6f4143c..6b2590d072 100644 --- a/Documentation/core-tutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/core-tutorial.txt @@ -4,34 +4,24 @@ A git core tutorial for developers Introduction ------------ -This is trying to be a short tutorial on setting up and using a git -repository, mainly because being hands-on and using explicit examples is -often the best way of explaining what is going on. +This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git programs to set up and +work with a git repository. -In normal life, most people wouldn't use the "core" git programs -directly, but rather script around them to make them more palatable. -Understanding the core git stuff may help some people get those scripts -done, though, and it may also be instructive in helping people -understand what it is that the higher-level helper scripts are actually -doing. +If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer +to start with link:tutorial.html[a tutorial introduction to git] or +link:user-manual.html[the git user manual]. + +However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if +you want to understand git's internals. The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing. -The material presented here often goes deep describing how things -work internally. If you are mostly interested in using git as a -SCM, you can skip them during your first pass. - [NOTE] -And those "too deep" descriptions are often marked as Note. - -[NOTE] -If you are already familiar with another version control system, -like CVS, you may want to take a look at -link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT in 20 commands or so] first -before reading this. +Deeper technical details are often marked as Notes, which you can +skip on your first reading. Creating a git repository @@ -1469,7 +1459,8 @@ Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in -link:http://tinyurl.com/a2jdg[Randy Dunlap's presentation]. +link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf +[Randy Dunlap's presentation]. It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*. There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of @@ -1686,5 +1677,3 @@ merge two at a time, documenting how you resolved the conflicts, and the reason why you preferred changes made in one side over the other. Otherwise it would make the project history harder to follow, not easier. - -[ to be continued.. cvsimports ] diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 228ccaf10a..b1f528ae88 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ --ext-diff:: Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an - external diff driver with gitlink:gitattributes(5), you need - to use this option with gitlink:git-log(1) and friends. + external diff driver with gitlink:gitattributes[5], you need + to use this option with gitlink:git-log[1] and friends. --no-ext-diff:: Disallow external diff drivers. diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt index 4c7e3a2f7f..c1c54bfe0b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git-apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] - [--apply] [--no-add] [--index-info] [-R | --reverse] + [--apply] [--no-add] [--build-fake-ancestor ] [-R | --reverse] [--allow-binary-replacement | --binary] [--reject] [-z] [-pNUM] [-CNUM] [--inaccurate-eof] [--cached] [--whitespace=] @@ -63,12 +63,15 @@ OPTIONS cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index, without using the working tree. This implies '--index'. ---index-info:: +--build-fake-ancestor :: Newer git-diff output has embedded 'index information' for each blob to help identify the original version that the patch applies to. When this flag is given, and if - the original version of the blob is available locally, - outputs information about them to the standard output. + the original versions of the blobs is available locally, + builds a temporary index containing those blobs. ++ +When a pure mode change is encountered (which has no index information), +the information is read from the current index instead. -R, --reverse:: Apply the patch in reverse. diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt index f2080eb6ad..e1e2d60fef 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt @@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- Creates an archive of the specified format containing the tree -structure for the named tree. If is specified it is +structure for the named tree, and writes it out to the standard +output. If is specified it is prepended to the filenames in the archive. 'git-archive' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when @@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ OPTIONS ------- --format=:: - Format of the resulting archive: 'tar', 'zip'... The default + Format of the resulting archive: 'tar' or 'zip'. The default is 'tar'. --list, -l:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index 33bc31b0d4..b7285bcdbc 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ It will start out with a head equal to the one given as . If no is given, the branch will be created with a head equal to that of the currently checked out branch. +Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the +working tree to it; use "git checkout " to switch to the +new branch. + When a local branch is started off a remote branch, git can setup the branch so that gitlink:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from that remote branch. If this behavior is desired, it is possible to make it @@ -91,6 +95,21 @@ OPTIONS --no-abbrev:: Display the full sha1s in output listing rather than abbreviating them. +--track:: + Set up configuration so that git-pull will automatically + retrieve data from the remote branch. Use this if you always + pull from the same remote branch into the new branch, or if you + don't want to use "git pull " explicitly. Set the + branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to true if you + want git-checkout and git-branch to always behave as if + '--track' were given. + +--no-track:: + When -b is given and a branch is created off a remote branch, + set up configuration so that git-pull will not retrieve data + from the remote branch, ignoring the branch.autosetupmerge + configuration variable. + :: The name of the branch to create or delete. The new branch name must pass all checks defined by diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 5051e2bada..0cc6511bdf 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -103,14 +103,20 @@ We set a tag in R1 (lastR2bundle) after the previous such transport, and move it afterwards to help build the bundle. in R1 on A: + +------------ $ git-bundle create mybundle master ^lastR2bundle $ git tag -f lastR2bundle master +------------ (move mybundle from A to B by some mechanism) in R2 on B: + +------------ $ git-bundle verify mybundle $ git-fetch mybundle refspec +------------ where refspec is refInBundle:localRef @@ -124,9 +130,11 @@ Also, with something like this in your config: You can first sneakernet the bundle file to ~/tmp/file.bdl and then these commands: +------------ $ git ls-remote bundle $ git fetch bundle $ git pull bundle +------------ would treat it as if it is talking with a remote side over the network. diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index 734928bf96..2e58481ed6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ OPTIONS --track:: When -b is given and a branch is created off a remote branch, set up configuration so that git-pull will automatically - retrieve data from the remote branch. Set the + retrieve data from the remote branch. Use this if you always + pull from the same remote branch into the new branch, or if you + don't want to use "git pull " explicitly. Set the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to true if you want git-checkout and git-branch to always behave as if '--track' were given. diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index 227f092e26..253f4f03c5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ OPTIONS automatically setup .git/objects/info/alternates to obtain objects from the reference repository. Using an already existing repository as an alternate will - require less objects to be copied from the repository + require fewer objects to be copied from the repository being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs. --quiet:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index 5b794f4399..a592b61e2f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ FILES If not set explicitly with '--file', there are three files where git-config will search for configuration options: -.git/config:: +$GIT_DIR/config:: Repository specific configuration file. (The filename is of course relative to the repository root, not the working directory.) diff --git a/Documentation/git-convert-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-convert-objects.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9718abf86d..0000000000 --- a/Documentation/git-convert-objects.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -git-convert-objects(1) -====================== - -NAME ----- -git-convert-objects - Converts old-style git repository - - -SYNOPSIS --------- -'git-convert-objects' - -DESCRIPTION ------------ -Converts old-style git repository to the latest format - - -Author ------- -Written by Linus Torvalds - -Documentation --------------- -Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list . - -GIT ---- -Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt index 29bb8cec0c..c878ed395e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt @@ -220,11 +220,6 @@ git filter-branch --commit-filter ' fi' HEAD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -Note that the changes introduced by the commits, and not reverted by -subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want -to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the -interactive mode of gitlink:git-rebase[1]. - The function 'skip_commits' is defined as follows: -------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt index 6df8e85004..f1f90cca62 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt @@ -100,6 +100,11 @@ In any case, a field name that refers to a field inapplicable to the object referred by the ref does not cause an error. It returns an empty string instead. +As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for +the date by adding one of `:default`, `:relative`, `:short`, `:local`, +`:iso8601` or `:rfc2822` to the end of the fieldname; e.g. +`%(taggerdate:relative)`. + EXAMPLES -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt index e48607f008..bc739117be 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ $ git rev-parse not-lost-anymore Author ------ -Written by Junio C Hamano 濱野 純 +Written by Junio C Hamano Documentation -------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt index 997594549f..9e454f0a4d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [-x |--exclude=] [-X |--exclude-from=] [--exclude-per-directory=] - [--error-unmatch] + [--error-unmatch] [--with-tree=] [--full-name] [--abbrev] [--] []\* DESCRIPTION @@ -81,6 +81,13 @@ OPTIONS If any does not appear in the index, treat this as an error (return 1). +--with-tree=:: + When using --error-unmatch to expand the user supplied + (i.e. path pattern) arguments to paths, pretend + that paths which were removed in the index since the + named are still present. Using this option + with `-s` or `-u` options does not make any sense. + -t:: Identify the file status with the following tags (followed by a space) at the start of each line: diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index 144bc16ff2..eae49c4876 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ merge.verbosity:: message if conflicts were detected. Level 1 outputs only conflicts, 2 outputs conflicts and file changes. Level 5 and above outputs debugging information. The default is level 2. - Can be overriden by 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY' environment variable. + Can be overridden by 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY' environment variable. HOW MERGE WORKS diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt index 6f17cff24a..5237ab0c04 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt @@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ is efficient to access. The packed archive format (.pack) is designed to be unpackable without having anything else, but for random access, accompanied with the pack index file (.idx). +Placing both in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or +any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES) +enables git to read from such an archive. + 'git-unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull commands when a pack is created on-the-fly for efficient network transport by their peers. -Placing both in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or -any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES) -enables git to read from such an archive. - In a packed archive, an object is either stored as a compressed whole, or as a difference from some other object. The latter is often called a delta. @@ -155,12 +155,8 @@ base-name:: generated pack. If not specified, pack compression level is determined first by pack.compression, then by core.compression, and defaults to -1, the zlib default, if neither is set. - Data copied from loose objects will be recompressed - if core.legacyheaders was true when they were created or if - the loose compression level (see core.loosecompression and - core.compression) is now a different value than the pack - compression level. Add --no-reuse-object if you want to force - a uniform compression level on all data no matter the source. + Add \--no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression + level on all data no matter the source. --delta-base-offset:: A packed archive can express base object of a delta as @@ -173,6 +169,14 @@ base-name:: length, this option typically shrinks the resulting packfile by 3-5 per-cent. +--threads=:: + Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best + delta matches. This requires that pack-objects be compiled with + pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning. + This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines. + The required amount of memory for the delta search window is + however multiplied by the number of threads. + --index-version=[,]:: This is intended to be used by the test suite only. It allows to force the version for the generated pack index, and to force diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt index 3800edb7bb..9f85f3833e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -This program search the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIR` for all objects that currently +This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIR` for all objects that currently exist in a pack file as well as the independent object directories. All such extra objects are removed. diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index 7b8e075c42..6bc559ddd8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ even if it does not result in a fast forward update. Note: If no explicit refspec is found, (that is neither on the command line nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below), then all the -refs that exist both on the local side and on the remote +heads that exist both on the local side and on the remote side are updated. + `tag ` means the same as `refs/tags/:refs/tags/`. @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ the remote repository. \--all:: Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all - refs be pushed. + refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/` be pushed. \--tags:: All refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` are pushed, in diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 61b1810dba..e8e75790fc 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ git-rebase - Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git-rebase' [-i | --interactive] [-v | --verbose] [-m | --merge] [-C] - [-p | --preserve-merges] [--onto ] [] +'git-rebase' [-i | --interactive] [-v | --verbose] [-m | --merge] + [-C] [ --whitespace=