From: Junio C Hamano Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2014 22:00:05 +0000 (-0700) Subject: Merge branch 'nd/dir-prep-exclude-cleanup' X-Git-Tag: v2.2.0-rc0~18 X-Git-Url: https://git.lorimer.id.au/gitweb.git/diff_plain/1758d236a253c10f34ae16cd2ae6d9c57eb312a7?hp=03e11a715bffb0715ebcc9d6370aac7b968b3a4a Merge branch 'nd/dir-prep-exclude-cleanup' Code clean-up. * nd/dir-prep-exclude-cleanup: dir.c: remove the second declaration of "stk" in prep_exclude() --- diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index dc600f9b36..a05241916c 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ /git-index-pack /git-init /git-init-db +/git-interpret-trailers /git-instaweb /git-log /git-ls-files @@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ /git-upload-archive /git-upload-pack /git-var +/git-verify-commit /git-verify-pack /git-verify-tag /git-web--browse @@ -177,9 +179,11 @@ /gitweb/static/gitweb.min.* /test-chmtime /test-ctype +/test-config /test-date /test-delta /test-dump-cache-tree +/test-dump-split-index /test-scrap-cache-tree /test-genrandom /test-hashmap @@ -196,6 +200,7 @@ /test-revision-walking /test-run-command /test-sha1 +/test-sha1-array /test-sigchain /test-string-list /test-subprocess @@ -226,6 +231,7 @@ /config.mak.autogen /config.mak.append /configure +/unicode /tags /TAGS /cscope* diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap index d0734d181b..8aefb5a452 100644 --- a/.mailmap +++ b/.mailmap @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ Jeff King Jeff Muizelaar Jens Axboe Jens Axboe +Jens Lindström Jens Lindstrom Jim Meyering Joachim Berdal Haga Johannes Schindelin @@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ Karsten Blees Karsten Blees Kay Sievers Kay Sievers +Kazuki Saitoh kazuki saitoh Keith Cascio Kent Engstrom Kevin Leung @@ -230,6 +232,7 @@ Tommi Virtanen Tommy Thorn Tony Luck Tor Arne Vestbø +Trần Ngọc Quân Tran Ngoc Quan Trent Piepho Trent Piepho Uwe Kleine-König diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index f4137c68ff..894546dd75 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ code. For Git in general, three rough rules are: judgement call, the decision based more on real world constraints people face than what the paper standard says. + - Fixing style violations while working on a real change as a + preparatory clean-up step is good, but otherwise avoid useless code + churn for the sake of conforming to the style. + + "Once it _is_ in the tree, it's not really worth the patch noise to + go and fix it up." + Cf. http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/943020 + Make your code readable and sensible, and don't try to be clever. As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code @@ -34,7 +42,17 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): - We use tabs for indentation. - - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines. + - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines, + like this: + + case "$variable" in + pattern1) + do this + ;; + pattern2) + do that + ;; + esac - Redirection operators should be written with space before, but no space after them. In other words, write 'echo test >"$file"' @@ -43,6 +61,14 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): redirection target in a variable (as shown above), our code does so because some versions of bash issue a warning without the quotes. + (incorrect) + cat hello > world < universe + echo hello >$world + + (correct) + cat hello >world "$world" + - We prefer $( ... ) for command substitution; unlike ``, it properly nests. It should have been the way Bourne spelled it from day one, but unfortunately isn't. @@ -81,14 +107,33 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): "then" should be on the next line for if statements, and "do" should be on the next line for "while" and "for". + (incorrect) + if test -f hello; then + do this + fi + + (correct) + if test -f hello + then + do this + fi + - We prefer "test" over "[ ... ]". - We do not write the noiseword "function" in front of shell functions. - - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses. The - opening "{" should also be on the same line. - E.g.: my_function () { + - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses, + and no space inside the parentheses. The opening "{" should also + be on the same line. + + (incorrect) + my_function(){ + ... + + (correct) + my_function () { + ... - As to use of grep, stick to a subset of BRE (namely, no \{m,n\}, [::], [==], or [..]) for portability. @@ -106,6 +151,19 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): interface translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README. + - We do not write our "test" command with "-a" and "-o" and use "&&" + or "||" to concatenate multiple "test" commands instead, because + the use of "-a/-o" is often error-prone. E.g. + + test -n "$x" -a "$a" = "$b" + + is buggy and breaks when $x is "=", but + + test -n "$x" && test "$a" = "$b" + + does not have such a problem. + + For C programs: - We use tabs to indent, and interpret tabs as taking up to @@ -149,7 +207,7 @@ For C programs: of "else if" statements, it can make sense to add braces to single line blocks. - - We try to avoid assignments inside if(). + - We try to avoid assignments in the condition of an "if" statement. - Try to make your code understandable. You may put comments in, but comments invariably tend to stale out when the code @@ -177,6 +235,88 @@ For C programs: - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation at all. + - There are two schools of thought when it comes to comparison, + especially inside a loop. Some people prefer to have the less stable + value on the left hand side and the more stable value on the right hand + side, e.g. if you have a loop that counts variable i down to the + lower bound, + + while (i > lower_bound) { + do something; + i--; + } + + Other people prefer to have the textual order of values match the + actual order of values in their comparison, so that they can + mentally draw a number line from left to right and place these + values in order, i.e. + + while (lower_bound < i) { + do something; + i--; + } + + Both are valid, and we use both. However, the more "stable" the + stable side becomes, the more we tend to prefer the former + (comparison with a constant, "i > 0", is an extreme example). + Just do not mix styles in the same part of the code and mimic + existing styles in the neighbourhood. + + - There are two schools of thought when it comes to splitting a long + logical line into multiple lines. Some people push the second and + subsequent lines far enough to the right with tabs and align them: + + if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || + span_more_than_a_single_line_of || + the_source_text) { + ... + + while other people prefer to align the second and the subsequent + lines with the column immediately inside the opening parenthesis, + with tabs and spaces, following our "tabstop is always a multiple + of 8" convention: + + if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || + span_more_than_a_single_line_of || + the_source_text) { + ... + + Both are valid, and we use both. Again, just do not mix styles in + the same part of the code and mimic existing styles in the + neighbourhood. + + - When splitting a long logical line, some people change line before + a binary operator, so that the result looks like a parse tree when + you turn your head 90-degrees counterclockwise: + + if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to + || span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) { + + while other people prefer to leave the operator at the end of the + line: + + if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to || + span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) { + + Both are valid, but we tend to use the latter more, unless the + expression gets fairly complex, in which case the former tends to + be easier to read. Again, just do not mix styles in the same part + of the code and mimic existing styles in the neighbourhood. + + - When splitting a long logical line, with everything else being + equal, it is preferable to split after the operator at higher + level in the parse tree. That is, this is more preferable: + + if (a_very_long_variable * that_is_used_in + + a_very_long_expression) { + ... + + than + + if (a_very_long_variable * + that_is_used_in + a_very_long_expression) { + ... + - Some clever tricks, like using the !! operator with arithmetic constructs, can be extremely confusing to others. Avoid them, unless there is a compelling reason to use them. diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index fc6b2cf9ec..8d0f70938e 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ MAN7_TXT = TECH_DOCS = ARTICLES = SP_ARTICLES = +OBSOLETE_HTML = MAN1_TXT += $(filter-out \ $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \ @@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ MAN7_TXT += gitcore-tutorial.txt MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt +MAN7_TXT += giteveryday.txt MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt MAN7_TXT += gitrevisions.txt @@ -37,11 +39,11 @@ MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT) MAN_XML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT)) MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT)) -OBSOLETE_HTML = git-remote-helpers.html +OBSOLETE_HTML += everyday.html +OBSOLETE_HTML += git-remote-helpers.html DOC_HTML = $(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML) ARTICLES += howto-index -ARTICLES += everyday ARTICLES += git-tools ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009 # with their own formatting rules. @@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebuild-from-update-hook SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebase-from-internal-branch +SP_ARTICLES += howto/keep-canonical-history-correct SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt))) SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS) diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae4753728e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,391 @@ +Git v2.1 Release Notes +====================== + +Backward compatibility notes +---------------------------- + + * The default value we give to the environment variable LESS has been + changed from "FRSX" to "FRX", losing "S" (chop long lines instead + of wrapping). Existing users who prefer not to see line-wrapped + output may want to set + + $ git config core.pager "less -S" + + to restore the traditional behaviour. It is expected that people + find output from most subcommands easier to read with the new + default, except for "blame" which tends to produce really long + lines. To override the new default only for "git blame", you can + do this: + + $ git config pager.blame "less -S" + + * A few disused directories in contrib/ have been retired. + + +Updates since v2.0 +------------------ + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * Since the very beginning of Git, we gave the LESS environment a + default value "FRSX" when we spawn "less" as the pager. "S" (chop + long lines instead of wrapping) has been removed from this default + set of options, because it is more or less a personal taste thing, + as opposed to the others that have good justifications (i.e. "R" is + very much justified because many kinds of output we produce are + colored and "FX" is justified because output we produce is often + shorter than a page). + + * The logic and data used to compute the display width needed for + UTF-8 strings have been updated to match Unicode 7.0 better. + + * HTTP-based transports learned to better propagate the error messages from + the webserver to the client coming over the HTTP transport. + + * The completion script for bash (in contrib/) has been updated to + better handle aliases that define a complex sequence of commands. + + * The "core.preloadindex" configuration variable is enabled by default, + allowing modern platforms to take advantage of their + multiple cores. + + * "git clone" applies the "if cloning from a local disk, physically + copy the repository using hardlinks, unless otherwise told not to with + --no-local" optimization when the url.*.insteadOf mechanism rewrites a + remote-repository "git clone $URL" into a + clone from a local disk. + + * "git commit --date=" option learned more + timestamp formats, including "--date=now". + + * The `core.commentChar` configuration variable is used to specify a + custom comment character (other than the default "#") for + the commit message editor. This can be set to `auto` to attempt to + choose a different character that does not conflict with any that + already starts a line in the message being edited, for cases like + "git commit --amend". + + * "git format-patch" learned --signature-file= to add the contents + of a file as a signature to the mail message it produces. + + * "git grep" learned the grep.fullname configuration variable to force + "--full-name" to be the default. This may cause regressions for + scripted users who do not expect this new behaviour. + + * "git imap-send" learned to ask the credential helper for auth + material. + + * "git log" and friends now understand the value "auto" for the + "log.decorate" configuration variable to enable the "--decorate" + option automatically when the output is sent to tty. + + * "git merge" without an argument, even when there is an upstream + defined for the current branch, refused to run until + merge.defaultToUpstream is set to true. Flip the default of that + configuration variable to true. + + * "git mergetool" learned to drive the vimdiff3 backend. + + * mergetool.prompt used to default to 'true', always asking "do you + really want to run the tool on this path?". The default has been + changed to 'false'. However, the prompt will still appear if + mergetool used its autodetection system to guess which tool to use. + Users who explicitly specify or configure a tool will no longer see + the prompt by default. + + Strictly speaking, this is a backward incompatible change and + users need to explicitly set the variable to 'true' if they want + to be prompted to confirm running the tool on each path. + + * "git replace" learned the "--edit" subcommand to create a + replacement by editing an existing object. + + * "git replace" learned a "--graft" option to rewrite the parents of a + commit. + + * "git send-email" learned "--to-cover" and "--cc-cover" options, to + tell it to copy To: and Cc: headers found in the first input file + when emitting later input files. + + * "git svn" learned to cope with malformed timestamps with only one + digit in the hour part, e.g. 2014-01-07T5:01:02.048176Z, emitted + by some broken subversion server implementations. + + * "git tag" when editing the tag message shows the name of the tag + being edited as a comment in the editor. + + * "git tag" learned to pay attention to "tag.sort" configuration, to + be used as the default sort order when no --sort= option + is given. + + * A new "git verify-commit" command, to check GPG signatures in signed + commits, in a way similar to "git verify-tag" is used to check + signed tags, was added. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * Build procedure for 'subtree' (in contrib/) has been cleaned up. + + * Support for the profile-feedback build, which has + bit-rotted for quite a while, has been updated. + + * An experimental format to use two files (the base file and + incremental changes relative to it) to represent the index has been + introduced; this may reduce I/O cost of rewriting a large index + when only small part of the working tree changes. + + * Effort to shrink the size of patches Windows folks maintain on top + by upstreaming them continues. More tests that are not applicable + to the Windows environment are identified and either skipped or + made more portable. + + * Eradication of "test $condition -a $condition" from our scripts + continues. + + * The `core.deltabasecachelimit` used to default to 16 MiB , but this + proved to be too small, and has been bumped to 96 MiB. + + * "git blame" has been optimized greatly by reorganising the data + structure that is used to keep track of the work to be done. + + * "git diff" that compares 3-or-more trees (e.g. parents and the + result of a merge) has been optimized. + + * The API to update/delete references are being converted to handle + updates to multiple references in a transactional way. As an + example, "update-ref --stdin [-z]" has been updated to use this + API. + + * skip_prefix() and strip_suffix() API functions are used a lot more + widely throughout the codebase now. + + * Parts of the test scripts can be skipped by using a range notation, + e.g. "sh t1234-test.sh --run='1-4 6 8-'" to omit test piece 5 and 7 + and run everything else. + + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v2.0 +---------------- + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.0 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' +notes for details). + + * We used to unconditionally disable the pager in the pager process + we spawn to feed out output, but that prevented people who want to + run "less" within "less" from doing so. + (merge c0459ca je/pager-do-not-recurse later to maint). + + * Tools that read diagnostic output in our standard error stream do + not want to see terminal control sequence (e.g. erase-to-eol). + Detect them by checking if the standard error stream is connected + to a tty. + (merge 38de156 mn/sideband-no-ansi later to maint). + + * Mishandling of patterns in .gitignore that have trailing SPs quoted + with backslashes (e.g. ones that end with "\ ") has been + corrected. + (merge 97c1364be6b pb/trim-trailing-spaces later to maint). + + * Reworded the error message given upon a failure to open an existing + loose object file due to e.g. permission issues; it was reported as + the object being corrupt, but that is not quite true. + (merge d6c8a05 jk/report-fail-to-read-objects-better later to maint). + + * "git log -2master" is a common typo that shows two commits starting + from whichever random branch that is not 'master' that happens to + be checked out currently. + (merge e3fa568 jc/revision-dash-count-parsing later to maint). + + * Code to avoid adding the same alternate object store twice was + subtly broken for a long time, but nobody seems to have noticed. + (merge 80b4785 rs/fix-alt-odb-path-comparison later to maint). + (merge 539e750 ek/alt-odb-entry-fix later to maint). + + * The "%<(10,trunc)%s" pretty format specifier in the log family of + commands is used to truncate the string to a given length (e.g. 10 + in the example) with padding to column-align the output, but did + not take into account that number of bytes and number of display + columns are different. + (merge 7d50987 as/pretty-truncate later to maint). + + * "%G" (nothing after G) is an invalid pretty format specifier, but + the parser did not notice it as garbage. + (merge 958b2eb jk/pretty-G-format-fixes later to maint). + + * A handful of code paths had to read the commit object more than + once when showing header fields that are usually not parsed. The + internal data structure to keep track of the contents of the commit + object has been updated to reduce the need for this double-reading, + and to allow the caller find the length of the object. + (merge 218aa3a jk/commit-buffer-length later to maint). + + * The "mailmap.file" configuration option did not support tilde + expansion (i.e. ~user/path and ~/path). + (merge 9352fd5 ow/config-mailmap-pathname later to maint). + + * The completion scripts (in contrib/) did not know about quite a few + options that are common between "git merge" and "git pull", and a + couple of options unique to "git merge". + (merge 8fee872 jk/complete-merge-pull later to maint). + + * The unix-domain socket used by the sample credential cache daemon + tried to unlink an existing stale one at a wrong path, if the path + to the socket was given as an overlong path that does not fit in + the sun_path member of the sockaddr_un structure. + (merge 2869b3e rs/fix-unlink-unix-socket later to maint). + + * An ancient rewrite passed a wrong pointer to a curl library + function in a rarely used code path. + (merge 479eaa8 ah/fix-http-push later to maint). + + * "--ignore-space-change" option of "git apply" ignored the spaces + at the beginning of lines too aggressively, which is inconsistent + with the option of the same name that "diff" and "git diff" have. + (merge 14d3bb4 jc/apply-ignore-whitespace later to maint). + + * "git blame" miscounted the number of columns needed to show localized + timestamps, resulting in a jaggy left-side-edge for the source code + lines in its output. + (merge dd75553 jx/blame-align-relative-time later to maint). + + * "git blame" assigned the blame to the copy in the working-tree if + the repository is set to core.autocrlf=input and the file used CRLF + line endings. + (merge 4d4813a bc/blame-crlf-test later to maint). + + * "git clone -b brefs/tags/bar" would have mistakenly thought we were + following a single tag, even though it was a name of the branch, + because it incorrectly used strstr(). + (merge 60a5f5f jc/fix-clone-single-starting-at-a-tag later to maint). + + * "git commit --allow-empty-message -C $commit" did not work when the + commit did not have any log message. + (merge 076cbd6 jk/commit-C-pick-empty later to maint). + + * "git diff --find-copies-harder" sometimes pretended as if the mode + bits have changed for paths that are marked with the assume-unchanged + bit. + (merge 5304810 jk/diff-files-assume-unchanged later to maint). + + * "filter-branch" left an empty single-parent commit that results when + all parents of a merge commit get mapped to the same commit, even + under "--prune-empty". + (merge 79bc4ef cb/filter-branch-prune-empty-degenerate-merges later to maint). + + * "git format-patch" did not enforce the rule that the "--follow" + option from the log/diff family of commands must be used with + exactly one pathspec. + (merge dd63f16 jk/diff-follow-must-take-one-pathspec later to maint). + + * "git gc --auto" was recently changed to run in the background to + give control back early to the end-user sitting in front of the + terminal, but it forgot that housekeeping involving reflogs should + be done without other processes competing for accesses to the refs. + (merge 62aad18 nd/daemonize-gc later to maint). + + * "git grep -O" to show the lines that hit in the pager did not work + well with case insensitive search. We now spawn "less" with its + "-I" option when it is used as the pager (which is the default). + (merge f7febbe sk/spawn-less-case-insensitively-from-grep-O-i later to maint). + + * We used to disable threaded "git index-pack" on platforms without + thread-safe pread(); use a different workaround for such + platforms to allow threaded "git index-pack". + (merge 3953949 nd/index-pack-one-fd-per-thread later to maint). + + * The error reporting from "git index-pack" has been improved to + distinguish missing objects from type errors. + (merge 77583e7 jk/index-pack-report-missing later to maint). + + * "log --show-signature" incorrectly decided the color to paint a + mergetag that was and was not correctly validated. + (merge 42c55ce mg/fix-log-mergetag-color later to maint). + + * "log --show-signature" did not pay attention to the "--graph" option. + (merge cf3983d zk/log-graph-showsig later to maint). + + * "git mailinfo" used to read beyond the ends of header strings while + parsing an incoming e-mail message to extract the patch. + (merge b1a013d rs/mailinfo-header-cmp later to maint). + + * On a case insensitive filesystem, merge-recursive incorrectly + deleted the file that is to be renamed to a name that is the same + except for case differences. + (merge baa37bf dt/merge-recursive-case-insensitive later to maint). + + * Merging changes into a file that ends in an incomplete line made the + last line into a complete one, even when the other branch did not + change anything around the end of file. + (merge ba31180 mk/merge-incomplete-files later to maint). + + * "git pack-objects" unnecessarily copied the previous contents when + extending the hashtable, even though it will populate the table + from scratch anyway. + (merge fb79947 rs/pack-objects-no-unnecessary-realloc later to maint). + + * Recent updates to "git repack" started to duplicate objects that + are in packfiles marked with the .keep flag into the new packfile by + mistake. + (merge d078d85 jk/repack-pack-keep-objects later to maint). + + * "git rerere forget" did not work well when merge.conflictstyle + was set to a non-default value. + (merge de3d8bb fc/rerere-conflict-style later to maint). + + * "git remote rm" and "git remote prune" can involve removing many + refs at once, which is not a very efficient thing to do when very + many refs exist in the packed-refs file. + (merge e6bea66 jl/remote-rm-prune later to maint). + + * "git log --exclude= --all | git shortlog" worked as expected, + but "git shortlog --exclude= --all", which is supposed to be + identical to the above pipeline, was not accepted at the command + line argument parser level. + (merge eb07774 jc/shortlog-ref-exclude later to maint). + + * The autostash mode of "git rebase -i" did not restore the dirty + working tree state if the user aborted the interactive rebase by + emptying the insn sheet. + (merge ddb5432 rr/rebase-autostash-fix later to maint). + + * "git rebase --fork-point" did not filter out patch-identical + commits correctly. + + * During "git rebase --merge", a conflicted patch could not be + skipped with "--skip" if the next one also conflicted. + (merge 95104c7 bc/fix-rebase-merge-skip later to maint). + + * "git show -s" (i.e. show log message only) used to incorrectly emit + an extra blank line after a merge commit. + (merge ad2f725 mk/show-s-no-extra-blank-line-for-merges later to maint). + + * "git status", even though it is a read-only operation, tries to + update the index with refreshed lstat(2) info to optimize future + accesses to the working tree opportunistically, but this could + race with a "read-write" operation that modifies the index while it + is running. Detect such a race and avoid overwriting the index. + (merge 426ddee ym/fix-opportunistic-index-update-race later to maint). + + * "git status" (and "git commit") behaved as if changes in a modified + submodule are not there if submodule.*.ignore configuration is set, + which was misleading. The configuration is only to unclutter diff + output during the course of development, and not to hide + changes in the "status" output to cause the users forget to commit + them. + (merge c215d3d jl/status-added-submodule-is-never-ignored later to maint). + + * Documentation for "git submodule sync" forgot to say that the subcommand + can take the "--recursive" option. + (merge 9393ae7 mc/doc-submodule-sync-recurse later to maint). + + * "git update-index --cacheinfo" in 2.0 release crashed on a + malformed command line. + (merge c8e1ee4 jc/rev-parse-argh-dashed-multi-words later to maint). + + * The mode to run tests with HTTP server tests disabled was broken. + (merge afa53fe na/no-http-test-in-the-middle later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..830fc3cc6d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +Git v2.1.1 Release Notes +======================== + + * Git 2.0 had a regression where "git fetch" into a shallowly + cloned repository from a repository with bitmap object index + enabled did not work correctly. This has been corrected. + + * Git 2.0 had a regression which broke (rarely used) "git diff-tree + -t". This has been corrected. + + * "git log --pretty/format=" with an empty format string did not + mean the more obvious "No output whatsoever" but "Use default + format", which was counterintuitive. Now it means "nothing shown + for the log message part". + + * "git -c section.var command" and "git -c section.var= command" + should pass the configuration differently (the former should be a + boolean true, the latter should be an empty string), but they + didn't work that way. Now it does. + + * Applying a patch not generated by Git in a subdirectory used to + check the whitespace breakage using the attributes for incorrect + paths. Also whitespace checks were performed even for paths + excluded via "git apply --exclude=" mechanism. + + * "git bundle create" with date-range specification were meant to + exclude tags outside the range, but it did not work correctly. + + * "git add x" where x that used to be a directory has become a + symbolic link to a directory misbehaved. + + * The prompt script checked $GIT_DIR/ref/stash file to see if there + is a stash, which was a no-no. + + * "git checkout -m" did not switch to another branch while carrying + the local changes forward when a path was deleted from the index. + + * With sufficiently long refnames, fast-import could have overflown + an on-stack buffer. + + * After "pack-refs --prune" packed refs at the top-level, it failed + to prune them. + + * "git gc --auto" triggered from "git fetch --quiet" was not quiet. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..abc3b8928a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Git v2.1.2 Release Notes +======================== + + * "git push" over HTTP transport had an artificial limit on number of + refs that can be pushed imposed by the command line length. + + * When receiving an invalid pack stream that records the same object + twice, multiple threads got confused due to a race. + + * An attempt to remove the entire tree in the "git fast-import" input + stream caused it to misbehave. + + * Reachability check (used in "git prune" and friends) did not add a + detached HEAD as a starting point to traverse objects still in use. + + * "git config --add section.var val" used to lose existing + section.var whose value was an empty string. + + * "git fsck" failed to report that it found corrupt objects via its + exit status in some cases. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8d413feb8c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +Git v2.2 Release Notes +====================== + +Updates since v2.1 +------------------ + +Ports + + * Building on older MacOS X systems automatically sets + the necessary NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO build-time option. + + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * "git archive" learned to filter what gets archived with pathspec. + + * "git config --edit --global" starts from a skeletal per-user + configuration file contents, instead of a total blank, when the + user does not already have any. This immediately reduces the + need for a later "Have you forgotten setting core.user?" and we + can add more to the template as we gain more experience. + + * "git stash list -p" used to be almost always a no-op because each + stash entry is represented as a merge commit. It learned to show + the difference between the base commit version and the working tree + version, which is in line with what "git show" gives. + + * Sometimes users want to report a bug they experience on their + repository, but they are not at liberty to share the contents of + the repository. "fast-export" was taught an "--anonymize" option + to replace blob contents, names of people and paths and log + messages with bland and simple strings to help them. + + * "log --date=iso" uses a slight variant of ISO 8601 format that is + made more human readable. A new "--date=iso-strict" option gives + datetime output that is more strictly conformant. + + * A broken reimplementation of Git could write an invalid index that + records both stage #0 and higher stage entries for the same path. + We now notice and reject such an index, as there is no sensible + fallback (we do not know if the broken tool wanted to resolve and + forgot to remove higher stage entries, or if it wanted to unresolve + and forgot to remove the stage#0 entry). + + * The temporary files "git mergetool" uses are named to avoid too + many dots in them (e.g. a temporary file for "hello.c" used to be + named e.g. "hello.BASE.4321.c" but now uses underscore instead, + e.g. "hello_BASE_4321.c"). + + * The temporary files "git mergetools" uses can be placed in a newly + creted temporary directory, instead of the current directory, by + setting the mergetool.writeToTemp configuration variable. + + * The "pre-receive" and "post-receive" hooks are no longer required + to consume their input fully (not following this requirement used + to result in intermittent errors in "git push"). + + * The pretty-format specifier "%d", which expanded to " (tagname)" + for a tagged commit, gained a cousin "%D" that just gives the + "tagname" without frills. + + * "git push" learned "--signed" push, that allows a push (i.e. + request to update the refs on the other side to point at a new + history, together with the transmission of necessary objects) to be + signed, so that it can be verified and audited, using the GPG + signature of the person who pushed, that the tips of branches at a + public repository really point the commits the pusher wanted to, + without having to "trust" the server. + + * "git interpret-trailers" is a new filter to programatically edit + the tail end of the commit log messages. + + * "git help everyday" shows the "Everyday Git in 20 commands or so" + document, whose contents have been updated to more modern Git + practice. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * The API to manipulate the "refs" has been restructured to make it + more transactional, with the eventual goal to allow all-or-none + atomic updates and migrating the storage to something other than + the traditional filesystem based one (e.g. databases). + + * The lockfile API and its users have been cleaned up. + + * We no longer attempt to keep track of individual dependencies to + the header files in the build procedure, relying on automated + dependency generation support from modern compilers. + + * In tests, we have been using NOT_{MINGW,CYGWIN} test prerequisites + long before negated prerequisites e.g. !MINGW were invented. + The former has been converted to the latter to avoid confusion. + + * Looking up remotes configuration in a repository with very many + remotes defined has been optimized. + + * There are cases where you lock and open to write a file, close it + to show the updated contents to external processes, and then have + to update the file again while still holding the lock, but the + lockfile API lacked support for such an access pattern. + + * The API to allocate the structure to keep track of commit + decoration has been updated to make it less cumbersome to use. + + * An in-core caching layer to let us avoid reading the same + configuration files number of times has been added. A few commands + have been converted to use this subsystem. + + * Various code paths have been cleaned up and simplified by using + "strbuf", "starts_with()", and "skip_prefix()" APIs more. + + * A few codepaths that died when large blobs that would not fit in + core are involved in their operation have been taught to punt + instead, by e.g. marking too large a blob as not to be diffed. + + * A few more code paths in "commit" and "checkout" have been taught + to repopulate the cache-tree in the index, to help speed up later + "write-tree" (used in "commit") and "diff-index --cached" (used in + "status"). + + * A common programming mistake to assign the same short option name + to two separate options is detected by parse_options() API to help + developers. + + * The code path to write out the packed-refs file has been optimized, + which especially matters in a repository with a large number of + refs. + + * The check to see if a ref $F can be created by making sure no + existing ref has $F/ as its prefix has been optimized, which + especially matters in a repository with a large number of existing + refs. + + * "git fsck" was taught to check contents of tag objects a bit more. + + * "git hash-object" was taught a "--literally" option to help + debugging. + + * When running a required clean filter, we do not have to mmap the + original before feeding the filter. Instead, stream the file + contents directly to the filter and process its output. + + * The scripts in the test suite can be run with "-x" option to show + a shell-trace of each command run in them. + + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v2.1 +---------------- + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.1 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' +notes for details). + + * "git log --pretty/format=" with an empty format string did not + mean the more obvious "No output whatsoever" but "Use default + format", which was counterintuitive. + + * "git -c section.var command" and "git -c section.var= command" + should pass the configuration differently (the former should be a + boolean true, the latter should be an empty string). + + * Applying a patch not generated by Git in a subdirectory used to + check the whitespace breakage using the attributes for incorrect + paths. Also whitespace checks were performed even for paths + excluded via "git apply --exclude=" mechanism. + + * "git bundle create" with date-range specification were meant to + exclude tags outside the range, but it didn't. + + * "git add x" where x that used to be a directory has become a + symbolic link to a directory misbehaved. + + * The prompt script checked $GIT_DIR/ref/stash file to see if there + is a stash, which was a no-no. + + * Pack-protocol documentation had a minor typo. + + * "git checkout -m" did not switch to another branch while carrying + the local changes forward when a path was deleted from the index. + + * "git daemon" (with NO_IPV6 build configuration) used to incorrectly + use the hostname even when gethostbyname() reported that the given + hostname is not found. + (merge 107efbe rs/daemon-fixes later to maint). + + * With sufficiently long refnames, "git fast-import" could have + overflown an on-stack buffer. + + * After "pack-refs --prune" packed refs at the top-level, it failed + to prune them. + + * Progress output from "git gc --auto" was visible in "git fetch -q". + + * We used to pass -1000 to poll(2), expecting it to also mean "no + timeout", which should be spelled as -1. + + * "git rebase" documentation was unclear that it is required to + specify on what the rebase is to be done when telling it + to first check out . + (merge 95c6826 so/rebase-doc later to maint). + + * "git push" over HTTP transport had an artificial limit on number of + refs that can be pushed imposed by the command line length. + (merge 26be19b jk/send-pack-many-refspecs later to maint). + + * When receiving an invalid pack stream that records the same object + twice, multiple threads got confused due to a race. + (merge ab791dd jk/index-pack-threading-races later to maint). + + * An attempt to remove the entire tree in the "git fast-import" input + stream caused it to misbehave. + (merge 2668d69 mb/fast-import-delete-root later to maint). + + * Reachability check (used in "git prune" and friends) did not add a + detached HEAD as a starting point to traverse objects still in use. + (merge c40fdd0 mk/reachable-protect-detached-head later to maint). + + * "git config --add section.var val" used to lose existing + section.var whose value was an empty string. + (merge c1063be ta/config-add-to-empty-or-true-fix later to maint). + + * "git fsck" failed to report that it found corrupt objects via its + exit status in some cases. + (merge 30d1038 jk/fsck-exit-code-fix later to maint). + + * Use of "--verbose" option used to break "git branch --merged". + (merge 12994dd jk/maint-branch-verbose-merged later to maint). + + * Some MUAs mangled a line in a message that begins with "From " to + ">From " when writing to a mailbox file and feeding such an input + to "git am" used to lose such a line. + (merge 85de86a jk/mbox-from-line later to maint). + + * "rev-parse --verify --quiet $name" is meant to quietly exit with a + non-zero status when $name is not a valid object name, but still + gave error messages in some cases. + + * A handful of C source files have been updated to include + "git-compat-util.h" as the first thing, to conform better to our + coding guidelines. + (merge 1c4b660 da/include-compat-util-first-in-c later to maint). + + * t7004 test, which tried to run Git with small stack space, has been + updated to give a bit larger stack to avoid false breakage on some + platforms. + (merge b9a1907 sk/tag-contains-wo-recursion later to maint). + + * A few documentation pages had example sections marked up not quite + correctly, which passed AsciiDoc but failed with AsciiDoctor. + (merge c30c43c bc/asciidoc-pretty-formats-fix later to maint). + (merge f8a48af bc/asciidoc later to maint). + + * "gitweb" used deprecated CGI::startfrom, which was removed from + CGI.pm as of 4.04; use CGI::start_from instead. + (merge 4750f4b rm/gitweb-start-form later to maint). + + * Newer versions of 'meld' breaks the auto-detection we use to see if + they are new enough to support the `--output` option. + (merge b12d045 da/mergetool-meld later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index c08286e968..8b49813d80 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -204,13 +204,26 @@ advice.*:: -- core.fileMode:: - If false, the executable bit differences between the index and - the working tree are ignored; useful on broken filesystems like FAT. - See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. + Tells Git if the executable bit of files in the working tree + is to be honored. + -The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] -will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the -repository is created. +Some filesystems lose the executable bit when a file that is +marked as executable is checked out, or checks out an +non-executable file with executable bit on. +linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] probe the filesystem +to see if it handles the executable bit correctly +and this variable is automatically set as necessary. ++ +A repository, however, may be on a filesystem that handles +the filemode correctly, and this variable is set to 'true' +when created, but later may be made accessible from another +environment that loses the filemode (e.g. exporting ext4 via +CIFS mount, visiting a Cygwin created repository with +Git for Windows or Eclipse). +In such a case it may be necessary to set this variable to 'false'. +See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. ++ +The default is true (when core.filemode is not specified in the config file). core.ignorecase:: If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable @@ -381,7 +394,7 @@ false), while all other repositories are assumed to be bare (bare core.worktree:: Set the path to the root of the working tree. This can be overridden by the GIT_WORK_TREE environment - variable and the '--work-tree' command line option. + variable and the '--work-tree' command-line option. The value can be an absolute path or relative to the path to the .git directory, which is either specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR, or automatically discovered. @@ -489,7 +502,7 @@ core.deltaBaseCacheLimit:: to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base objects multiple times. + -Default is 16 MiB on all platforms. This should be reasonable +Default is 96 MiB on all platforms. This should be reasonable for all users/operating systems, except on the largest projects. You probably do not need to adjust this value. + @@ -499,7 +512,8 @@ core.bigFileThreshold:: Files larger than this size are stored deflated, without attempting delta compression. Storing large files without delta compression avoids excessive memory usage, at the - slight expense of increased disk usage. + slight expense of increased disk usage. Additionally files + larger than this size are always treated as binary. + Default is 512 MiB on all platforms. This should be reasonable for most projects as source code and other text files can still @@ -523,7 +537,7 @@ core.askpass:: environment variable. If not set, fall back to the value of the 'SSH_ASKPASS' environment variable or, failing that, a simple password prompt. The external program shall be given a suitable prompt as - command line argument and write the password on its STDOUT. + command-line argument and write the password on its STDOUT. core.attributesfile:: In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and @@ -544,6 +558,9 @@ core.commentchar:: messages consider a line that begins with this character commented, and removes them after the editor returns (default '#'). ++ +If set to "auto", `git-commit` would select a character that is not +the beginning character of any line in existing commit messages. sequence.editor:: Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file. @@ -558,14 +575,19 @@ core.pager:: configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at compile time (usually 'less'). + -When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRSX` +When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRX` (if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at all). If you want to selectively override Git's default setting -for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -+S`. This will +for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -S`. This will be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final -command to `LESS=FRSX less -+S`. The environment tells the command -to set the `S` option to chop long lines but the command line -resets it to the default to fold long lines. +command to `LESS=FRX less -S`. The environment does not set the +`S` option but the command line does, instructing less to truncate +long lines. Similarly, setting `core.pager` to `less -+F` will +deactivate the `F` option specified by the environment from the +command-line, deactivating the "quit if one screen" behavior of +`less`. One can specifically activate some flags for particular +commands: for example, setting `pager.blame` to `less -S` enables +line truncation only for `git blame`. + Likewise, when the `LV` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `-c`. You can override this setting by exporting `LV` with @@ -613,9 +635,9 @@ core.preloadindex:: + This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus -relatively high IO latencies. With this set to 'true', Git will do the +relatively high IO latencies. When enabled, Git will do the index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing -overlapping IO's. +overlapping IO's. Defaults to true. core.createObject:: You can set this to 'link', in which case a hardlink followed by @@ -1114,6 +1136,10 @@ format.signature:: Set this variable to the empty string ("") to suppress signature generation. +format.signaturefile:: + Works just like format.signature except the contents of the + file specified by this variable will be used as the signature. + format.suffix:: The default for format-patch is to output files with the suffix `.patch`. Use this variable to change that suffix (make sure to @@ -1324,7 +1350,7 @@ grep.extendedRegexp:: gpg.program:: Use this custom program instead of "gpg" found on $PATH when making or verifying a PGP signature. The program must support the - same command line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached + same command-line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached signature, "gpg --verify $file - <$signature" is run, and the program is expected to signal a good signature by exiting with code 0, and to generate an ascii-armored detached signature, the @@ -1742,6 +1768,15 @@ mergetool..trustExitCode:: if the file has been updated, otherwise the user is prompted to indicate the success of the merge. +mergetool.meld.hasOutput:: + Older versions of `meld` do not support the `--output` option. + Git will attempt to detect whether `meld` supports `--output` + by inspecting the output of `meld --help`. Configuring + `mergetool.meld.hasOutput` will make Git skip these checks and + use the configured value instead. Setting `mergetool.meld.hasOutput` + to `true` tells Git to unconditionally use the `--output` option, + and `false` avoids using `--output`. + mergetool.keepBackup:: After performing a merge, the original file with conflict markers can be saved as a file with a `.orig` extension. If this variable @@ -1755,6 +1790,12 @@ mergetool.keepTemporaries:: preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has exited. Defaults to `false`. +mergetool.writeToTemp:: + Git writes temporary 'BASE', 'LOCAL', and 'REMOTE' versions of + conflicting files in the worktree by default. Git will attempt + to use a temporary directory for these files when set `true`. + Defaults to `false`. + mergetool.prompt:: Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program. @@ -1893,12 +1934,7 @@ pack.useBitmaps:: you are debugging pack bitmaps. pack.writebitmaps:: - When true, git will write a bitmap index when packing all - objects to disk (e.g., when `git repack -a` is run). This - index can speed up the "counting objects" phase of subsequent - packs created for clones and fetches, at the cost of some disk - space and extra time spent on the initial repack. Defaults to - false. + This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`. pack.writeBitmapHashCache:: When true, git will include a "hash cache" section in the bitmap @@ -2036,6 +2072,25 @@ receive.autogc:: receiving data from git-push and updating refs. You can stop it by setting this variable to false. +receive.certnonceseed:: + By setting this variable to a string, `git receive-pack` + will accept a `git push --signed` and verifies it by using + a "nonce" protected by HMAC using this string as a secret + key. + +receive.certnonceslop:: + When a `git push --signed` sent a push certificate with a + "nonce" that was issued by a receive-pack serving the same + repository within this many seconds, export the "nonce" + found in the certificate to `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE` to the + hooks (instead of what the receive-pack asked the sending + side to include). This may allow writing checks in + `pre-receive` and `post-receive` a bit easier. Instead of + checking `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP` environment variable + that records by how many seconds the nonce is stale to + decide if they want to accept the certificate, they only + can check `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS` is `OK`. + receive.fsckObjects:: If it is set to true, git-receive-pack will check all received objects. It will abort in the case of a malformed object or a @@ -2175,7 +2230,15 @@ repack.packKeptObjects:: `--pack-kept-objects` was passed. See linkgit:git-repack[1] for details. Defaults to `false` normally, but `true` if a bitmap index is being written (either via `--write-bitmap-index` or - `pack.writeBitmaps`). + `repack.writeBitmaps`). + +repack.writeBitmaps:: + When true, git will write a bitmap index when packing all + objects to disk (e.g., when `git repack -a` is run). This + index can speed up the "counting objects" phase of subsequent + packs created for clones and fetches, at the cost of some disk + space and extra time spent on the initial repack. Defaults to + false. rerere.autoupdate:: When set to true, `git-rerere` updates the index with the @@ -2297,7 +2360,7 @@ status.submodulesummary:: exception to that rule is that status and commit will show staged submodule changes. To also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use - the --ignore-submodules=dirty command line option or the 'git + the --ignore-submodules=dirty command-line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does not honor these settings. @@ -2319,7 +2382,7 @@ submodule..branch:: submodule..fetchRecurseSubmodules:: This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this submodule. It can be overridden by using the --[no-]recurse-submodules - command line option to "git fetch" and "git pull". + command-line option to "git fetch" and "git pull". This setting will override that from in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file. @@ -2339,6 +2402,11 @@ submodule..ignore:: "--ignore-submodules" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting. +tag.sort:: + This variable controls the sort ordering of tags when displayed by + linkgit:git-tag[1]. Without the "--sort=" option provided, the + value of this variable will be used as the default. + tar.umask:: This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of tar archive entries. The default is 0002, which turns off the diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt index f07b4513ed..b001779520 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ diff.ignoreSubmodules:: this setting when reporting uncommitted changes. Setting it to 'all' disables the submodule summary normally shown by 'git commit' and 'git status' when 'status.submodulesummary' is set unless it is - overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command line option. + overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command-line option. The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting. diff.mnemonicprefix:: diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b2548ef4e6..0000000000 --- a/Documentation/everyday.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,413 +0,0 @@ -Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So -=================================== - -<> commands are essential for -anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone. - -If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in -the <> section as well. - -People who play the <> role need to learn some more -commands in addition to the above. - -<> commands are for system -administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding -of Git repositories. - - -Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - -A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with -other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the -following commands. - - * linkgit:git-init[1] to create a new repository. - - * linkgit:git-show-branch[1] to see where you are. - - * linkgit:git-log[1] to see what happened. - - * linkgit:git-checkout[1] and linkgit:git-branch[1] to switch - branches. - - * linkgit:git-add[1] to manage the index file. - - * linkgit:git-diff[1] and linkgit:git-status[1] to see what - you are in the middle of doing. - - * linkgit:git-commit[1] to advance the current branch. - - * linkgit:git-reset[1] and linkgit:git-checkout[1] (with - pathname parameters) to undo changes. - - * linkgit:git-merge[1] to merge between local branches. - - * linkgit:git-rebase[1] to maintain topic branches. - - * linkgit:git-tag[1] to mark known point. - -Examples -~~~~~~~~ - -Use a tarball as a starting point for a new repository.:: -+ ------------- -$ tar zxf frotz.tar.gz -$ cd frotz -$ git init -$ git add . <1> -$ git commit -m "import of frotz source tree." -$ git tag v2.43 <2> ------------- -+ -<1> add everything under the current directory. -<2> make a lightweight, unannotated tag. - -Create a topic branch and develop.:: -+ ------------- -$ git checkout -b alsa-audio <1> -$ edit/compile/test -$ git checkout -- curses/ux_audio_oss.c <2> -$ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <3> -$ edit/compile/test -$ git diff HEAD <4> -$ git commit -a -s <5> -$ edit/compile/test -$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <6> -$ edit/compile/test -$ git diff ORIG_HEAD <7> -$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <8> -$ git checkout master <9> -$ git merge alsa-audio <10> -$ git log --since='3 days ago' <11> -$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <12> ------------- -+ -<1> create a new topic branch. -<2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`. -<3> you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and -modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later. -<4> to see what changes you are committing. -<5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off. -<6> take the last commit back, keeping what is in the working tree. -<7> look at the changes since the premature commit we took back. -<8> redo the commit undone in the previous step, using the message -you originally wrote. -<9> switch to the master branch. -<10> merge a topic branch into your master branch. -<11> review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be -combined and include `--max-count=10` (show 10 commits), -`--until=2005-12-10`, etc. -<12> view only the changes that touch what's in `curses/` -directory, since `v2.43` tag. - - -Individual Developer (Participant)[[Individual Developer (Participant)]] ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to -learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in -addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer. - - * linkgit:git-clone[1] from the upstream to prime your local - repository. - - * linkgit:git-pull[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1] from "origin" - to keep up-to-date with the upstream. - - * linkgit:git-push[1] to shared repository, if you adopt CVS - style shared repository workflow. - - * linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to prepare e-mail submission, if - you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow. - -Examples -~~~~~~~~ - -Clone the upstream and work on it. Feed changes to upstream.:: -+ ------------- -$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6 -$ cd my2.6 -$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <1> -$ git format-patch origin <2> -$ git pull <3> -$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <4> -$ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <5> -$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <6> -$ git gc <7> -$ git fetch --tags <8> ------------- -+ -<1> repeat as needed. -<2> extract patches from your branch for e-mail submission. -<3> `git pull` fetches from `origin` by default and merges into the -current branch. -<4> immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream -since last time we checked, only in the -area we are interested in. -<5> fetch from a specific branch from a specific repository and merge. -<6> revert the pull. -<7> garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull. -<8> from time to time, obtain official tags from the `origin` -and store them under `.git/refs/tags/`. - - -Push into another repository.:: -+ ------------- -satellite$ git clone mothership:frotz frotz <1> -satellite$ cd frotz -satellite$ git config --get-regexp '^(remote|branch)\.' <2> -remote.origin.url mothership:frotz -remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* -branch.master.remote origin -branch.master.merge refs/heads/master -satellite$ git config remote.origin.push \ - master:refs/remotes/satellite/master <3> -satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit -satellite$ git push origin <4> - -mothership$ cd frotz -mothership$ git checkout master -mothership$ git merge satellite/master <5> ------------- -+ -<1> mothership machine has a frotz repository under your home -directory; clone from it to start a repository on the satellite -machine. -<2> clone sets these configuration variables by default. -It arranges `git pull` to fetch and store the branches of mothership -machine to local `remotes/origin/*` remote-tracking branches. -<3> arrange `git push` to push local `master` branch to -`remotes/satellite/master` branch of the mothership machine. -<4> push will stash our work away on `remotes/satellite/master` -remote-tracking branch on the mothership machine. You could use this -as a back-up method. -<5> on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite -machine into the master branch. - -Branch off of a specific tag.:: -+ ------------- -$ git checkout -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1> -$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -$ git checkout master -$ git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 | - git am -3 -k <2> ------------- -+ -<1> create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind) -tag. -<2> forward port all changes in `private2.6.14` branch to `master` branch -without a formal "merging". - - -Integrator[[Integrator]] ------------------------- - -A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group -project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates -them and publishes the result for others to use, using these -commands in addition to the ones needed by participants. - - * linkgit:git-am[1] to apply patches e-mailed in from your - contributors. - - * linkgit:git-pull[1] to merge from your trusted lieutenants. - - * linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to prepare and send suggested - alternative to contributors. - - * linkgit:git-revert[1] to undo botched commits. - - * linkgit:git-push[1] to publish the bleeding edge. - - -Examples -~~~~~~~~ - -My typical Git day.:: -+ ------------- -$ git status <1> -$ git show-branch <2> -$ mailx <3> -& s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply -& s 7 8 ./+hold-linus -& q -$ git checkout -b topic/one master -$ git am -3 -i -s -u ./+to-apply <4> -$ compile/test -$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s -u ./+hold-linus <5> -$ git checkout topic/one && git rebase master <6> -$ git checkout pu && git reset --hard next <7> -$ git merge topic/one topic/two && git merge hold/linus <8> -$ git checkout maint -$ git cherry-pick master~4 <9> -$ compile/test -$ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <10> -$ git fetch ko && git show-branch master maint 'tags/ko-*' <11> -$ git push ko <12> -$ git push ko v0.99.9x <13> ------------- -+ -<1> see what I was in the middle of doing, if any. -<2> see what topic branches I have and think about how ready -they are. -<3> read mails, save ones that are applicable, and save others -that are not quite ready. -<4> apply them, interactively, with my sign-offs. -<5> create topic branch as needed and apply, again with my -sign-offs. -<6> rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the -master or exposed as a part of a stable branch. -<7> restart `pu` every time from the next. -<8> and bundle topic branches still cooking. -<9> backport a critical fix. -<10> create a signed tag. -<11> make sure I did not accidentally rewind master beyond what I -already pushed out. `ko` shorthand points at the repository I have -at kernel.org, and looks like this: -+ ------------- -$ cat .git/remotes/ko -URL: kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git -Pull: master:refs/tags/ko-master -Pull: next:refs/tags/ko-next -Pull: maint:refs/tags/ko-maint -Push: master -Push: next -Push: +pu -Push: maint ------------- -+ -In the output from `git show-branch`, `master` should have -everything `ko-master` has, and `next` should have -everything `ko-next` has. - -<12> push out the bleeding edge. -<13> push the tag out, too. - - -Repository Administration[[Repository Administration]] ------------------------------------------------------- - -A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up -and maintain access to the repository by developers. - - * linkgit:git-daemon[1] to allow anonymous download from - repository. - - * linkgit:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell' - for shared central repository users. - -link:howto/update-hook-example.html[update hook howto] has a good -example of managing a shared central repository. - - -Examples -~~~~~~~~ -We assume the following in /etc/services:: -+ ------------- -$ grep 9418 /etc/services -git 9418/tcp # Git Version Control System ------------- - -Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from inetd.:: -+ ------------- -$ grep git /etc/inetd.conf -git stream tcp nowait nobody \ - /usr/bin/git-daemon git-daemon --inetd --export-all /pub/scm ------------- -+ -The actual configuration line should be on one line. - -Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.:: -+ ------------- -$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon -# default: off -# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories -service git -{ - disable = no - type = UNLISTED - port = 9418 - socket_type = stream - wait = no - user = nobody - server = /usr/bin/git-daemon - server_args = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm - log_on_failure += USERID -} ------------- -+ -Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system. -Others might be different. - -Give push/pull only access to developers.:: -+ ------------- -$ grep git /etc/passwd <1> -alice:x:1000:1000::/home/alice:/usr/bin/git-shell -bob:x:1001:1001::/home/bob:/usr/bin/git-shell -cindy:x:1002:1002::/home/cindy:/usr/bin/git-shell -david:x:1003:1003::/home/david:/usr/bin/git-shell -$ grep git /etc/shells <2> -/usr/bin/git-shell ------------- -+ -<1> log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not -allow anything but `git push` and `git pull`. The users should -get an ssh access to the machine. -<2> in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used -as the login shell. - -CVS-style shared repository.:: -+ ------------- -$ grep git /etc/group <1> -git:x:9418:alice,bob,cindy,david -$ cd /home/devo.git -$ ls -l <2> - lrwxrwxrwx 1 david git 17 Dec 4 22:40 HEAD -> refs/heads/master - drwxrwsr-x 2 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 branches - -rw-rw-r-- 1 david git 84 Dec 4 22:40 config - -rw-rw-r-- 1 david git 58 Dec 4 22:40 description - drwxrwsr-x 2 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 hooks - -rw-rw-r-- 1 david git 37504 Dec 4 22:40 index - drwxrwsr-x 2 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 info - drwxrwsr-x 4 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 objects - drwxrwsr-x 4 david git 4096 Nov 7 14:58 refs - drwxrwsr-x 2 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 remotes -$ ls -l hooks/update <3> - -r-xr-xr-x 1 david git 3536 Dec 4 22:40 update -$ cat info/allowed-users <4> -refs/heads/master alice\|cindy -refs/heads/doc-update bob -refs/tags/v[0-9]* david ------------- -+ -<1> place the developers into the same git group. -<2> and make the shared repository writable by the group. -<3> use update-hook example by Carl from Documentation/howto/ -for branch policy control. -<4> alice and cindy can push into master, only bob can push into doc-update. -david is the release manager and is the only person who can -create and push version tags. - -HTTP server to support dumb protocol transfer.:: -+ ------------- -dev$ git update-server-info <1> -dev$ ftp user@isp.example.com <2> -ftp> cp -r .git /home/user/myproject.git ------------- -+ -<1> make sure your info/refs and objects/info/packs are up-to-date -<2> upload to public HTTP server hosted by your ISP. diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txto b/Documentation/everyday.txto new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c5047d8f9b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/everyday.txto @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So +=================================== + +This document has been moved to linkgit:giteveryday[1]. + +Please let the owners of the referring site know so that they can update the +link you clicked to get here. + +Thanks. diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt index 92c68c3fda..b09a783ee3 100644 --- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt @@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ endif::git-pull[] setting. See linkgit:git-config[1]. ifndef::git-pull[] +--refmap=:: + When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the + specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the + refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of + `remote.*.fetch` configuration variables for the remote + repository. See section on "Configured Remote-tracking + Branches" for details. + -t:: --tags:: Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt index f986c5cb3a..4cb52a7302 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ $ git bisect visualize `view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`. If the 'DISPLAY' environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used -instead. You can also give command line options such as `-p` and +instead. You can also give command-line options such as `-p` and `--stat`. ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index e9917b89a9..9dfa1a5ce2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ All writing options will per default write to the repository specific configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all' and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*. -You can override these rules either by command line options or by environment +You can override these rules either by command-line options or by environment variables. The '--global' and the '--system' options will limit the file used to the global or system-wide file respectively. The GIT_CONFIG environment variable has a similar effect, but you can specify any filename you want. diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt index d15db42d43..7051c6bdf8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-credential-cache--daemon - Temporarily store user credentials in memory SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -git credential-cache--daemon +git credential-cache--daemon [--debug] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ for `git-credential-cache` clients. Clients may store and retrieve credentials. Each credential is held for a timeout specified by the client; once no credentials are held, the daemon exits. +If the `--debug` option is specified, the daemon does not close its +stderr stream, and may output extra diagnostics to it even after it has +begun listening for clients. + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt index 223f731523..a69b3616ec 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Git configuration files in that directory are readable by ``. --forbid-override=:: Allow/forbid overriding the site-wide default with per repository configuration. By default, all the services - are overridable. + may be overridden. --[no-]informative-errors:: When informative errors are turned on, git-daemon will report @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Git configuration files in that directory are readable by ``. Every time a client connects, first run an external command specified by the with service name (e.g. "upload-pack"), path to the repository, hostname (%H), canonical hostname - (%CH), ip address (%IP), and tcp port (%P) as its command line + (%CH), IP address (%IP), and TCP port (%P) as its command-line arguments. The external command can decide to decline the service by exiting with a non-zero status (or to allow it by exiting with a zero status). It can also look at the $REMOTE_ADDR @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ SERVICES -------- These services can be globally enabled/disabled using the -command line options of this command. If a finer-grained +command-line options of this command. If finer-grained control is desired (e.g. to allow 'git archive' to be run against only in a few selected repositories the daemon serves), the per-repository configuration file can be used to enable or diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt index 85f1f30fdf..dbe9a46833 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt @@ -105,6 +105,15 @@ marks the same across runs. in the commit (as opposed to just listing the files which are different from the commit's first parent). +--anonymize:: + Anonymize the contents of the repository while still retaining + the shape of the history and stored tree. See the section on + `ANONYMIZING` below. + +--refspec:: + Apply the specified refspec to each ref exported. Multiple of them can + be specified. + [...]:: A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and 'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references @@ -137,6 +146,62 @@ referenced by that revision range contains the string 'refs/heads/master'. +ANONYMIZING +----------- + +If the `--anonymize` option is given, git will attempt to remove all +identifying information from the repository while still retaining enough +of the original tree and history patterns to reproduce some bugs. The +goal is that a git bug which is found on a private repository will +persist in the anonymized repository, and the latter can be shared with +git developers to help solve the bug. + +With this option, git will replace all refnames, paths, blob contents, +commit and tag messages, names, and email addresses in the output with +anonymized data. Two instances of the same string will be replaced +equivalently (e.g., two commits with the same author will have the same +anonymized author in the output, but bear no resemblance to the original +author string). The relationship between commits, branches, and tags is +retained, as well as the commit timestamps (but the commit messages and +refnames bear no resemblance to the originals). The relative makeup of +the tree is retained (e.g., if you have a root tree with 10 files and 3 +trees, so will the output), but their names and the contents of the +files will be replaced. + +If you think you have found a git bug, you can start by exporting an +anonymized stream of the whole repository: + +--------------------------------------------------- +$ git fast-export --anonymize --all >anon-stream +--------------------------------------------------- + +Then confirm that the bug persists in a repository created from that +stream (many bugs will not, as they really do depend on the exact +repository contents): + +--------------------------------------------------- +$ git init anon-repo +$ cd anon-repo +$ git fast-import <../anon-stream +$ ... test your bug ... +--------------------------------------------------- + +If the anonymized repository shows the bug, it may be worth sharing +`anon-stream` along with a regular bug report. Note that the anonymized +stream compresses very well, so gzipping it is encouraged. If you want +to examine the stream to see that it does not contain any private data, +you can peruse it directly before sending. You may also want to try: + +--------------------------------------------------- +$ perl -pe 's/\d+/X/g' command line option. +in the \--date-format= command-line option. `raw`:: This is the Git native format and is `