From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2014 23:30:59 +0000 (-0700)
Subject: Merge branch 'ib/rev-parse-parseopt-argh'
X-Git-Tag: v2.0.0-rc0~43
X-Git-Url: https://git.lorimer.id.au/gitweb.git/diff_plain/24b9cb100214adb0c5ebe574924c3acf6c61f214?hp=ce7f8745aa773dfe2fc0a1b8c327b50c7ce4a31e

Merge branch 'ib/rev-parse-parseopt-argh'

Teaches the "rev-parse --parseopt" mechanism used by scripted
Porcelains to parse command line options and give help text how to
supply argv-help (the placeholder string for an option parameter,
e.g. "key-id" in "--gpg-sign=<key-id>").

* ib/rev-parse-parseopt-argh:
t1502: protect runs of SPs used in the indentation
rev-parse --parseopt: option argument name hints
---

diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt
index 5dc11f405f..98ec2103cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt
@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ Updates since v1.9 series
 
 UI, Workflows & Features
 
+ * "git rebase" learned to interpret a lone "-" as "@{-1}", the
+   branch that we were previously on.
+
+ * "git commit --cleanup=<mode>" learned a new mode, scissors.
+
  * "git tag --list" output can be sorted using "version sort" with
    "--sort=version:refname".
 
@@ -153,6 +158,57 @@ Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.9 in the maintenance
 track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
 notes for details).
 
+ * "git repack" died when asked to (re)pack with the reachability
+   bitmap when a bitmap cannot be built; instead, just (re)pack
+   without producing a bitmap in such a case, with a warning.
+   (merge 373c67d jk/pack-bitmap later to maint).
+
+
+ * The progress output while repacking and transferring objects showed
+   an apparent large silence while writing the objects out of existing
+   packfiles, when the reachability bitmap was in use.
+   (merge 78d2214 jk/pack-bitmap-progress later to maint).
+
+
+ * A stray environment variable $prefix could have leaked into and
+   affected the behaviour of the "subtree" script (in contrib/).
+
+
+ * When it is not necessary to edit a commit log message (e.g. "git
+   commit -m" is given a message without specifying "-e"), we used to
+   disable the spawning of the editor by overriding GIT_EDITOR, but
+   this means all the uses of the editor, other than to edit the
+   commit log message, are also affected.
+   (merge b549be0 bp/commit-p-editor later to maint).
+
+
+ * "git mv" that moves a submodule forgot to adjust the array that
+   uses to keep track of which submodules were to be moved to update
+   its configuration.
+   (merge fb8a4e8 jk/mv-submodules-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Length limit for the pathname used when removing a path in a deep
+   subdirectory has been removed to avoid buffer overflows.
+   (merge 2f29e0c mh/remove-subtree-long-pathname-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The test helper lib-terminal always run an actual test_expect_*
+   when included, which screwed up with the use of skil-all that may
+   have to be done later.
+   (merge 7e27173 jk/lib-terminal-lazy later to maint).
+
+ * "git index-pack" used a wrong variable to name the keep-file in an
+   error message when the file cannot be written or closed.
+   (merge de983a0 nd/index-pack-error-message later to maint).
+
+ * "rebase -i" produced a broken insn sheet when the title of a commit
+   happened to contain '\n' (or ended with '\c') due to a careless use
+   of 'echo'.
+   (merge cb1aefd us/printf-not-echo later to maint).
+
+ * There were a few instances of 'git-foo' remaining in the
+   documentation that should have been spelled 'git foo'.
+   (merge 3c3e6f5 rr/doc-merge-strategies later to maint).
+
  * Serving objects from a shallow repository needs to write a
    new file to hold the temporary shallow boundaries but it was not
    cleaned when we exit due to die() or a signal.
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 73c8973aae..c415aadbbc 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -131,8 +131,13 @@ Variables
 
 Note that this list is non-comprehensive and not necessarily complete.
 For command-specific variables, you will find a more detailed description
-in the appropriate manual page. You will find a description of non-core
-porcelain configuration variables in the respective porcelain documentation.
+in the appropriate manual page.
+
+Other git-related tools may and do use their own variables.  When
+inventing new variables for use in your own tool, make sure their
+names do not conflict with those that are used by Git itself and
+other popular tools, and describe them in your documentation.
+
 
 advice.*::
 	These variables control various optional help messages designed to
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
index a2b97582fe..9adce372ec 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-am.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	 [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
 	 [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>]
 	 [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
-	 [--[no-]scissors] [-S[<keyid>]]
+	 [--[no-]scissors] [-S[<keyid>]] [--patch-format=<format>]
 	 [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
 'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 
@@ -97,6 +97,12 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 	program that applies
 	the patch.
 
+--patch-format::
+	By default the command will try to detect the patch format
+	automatically. This option allows the user to bypass the automatic
+	detection and specify the patch format that the patch(es) should be
+	interpreted as. Valid formats are mbox, stgit, stgit-series and hg.
+
 -i::
 --interactive::
 	Run interactively.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index 7c42e9cabc..429267abf6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --cleanup=<mode>::
 	This option determines how the supplied commit message should be
 	cleaned up before committing.  The '<mode>' can be `strip`,
-	`whitespace`, `verbatim`, or `default`.
+	`whitespace`, `verbatim`, `scissors` or `default`.
 +
 --
 strip::
@@ -186,6 +186,12 @@ whitespace::
 	Same as `strip` except #commentary is not removed.
 verbatim::
 	Do not change the message at all.
+scissors::
+	Same as `whitespace`, except that everything from (and
+	including) the line
+	"`# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------`"
+	is truncated if the message is to be edited. "`#`" can be
+	customized with core.commentChar.
 default::
 	Same as `strip` if the message is to be edited.
 	Otherwise `whitespace`.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index a4acaa038c..def635f578 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 OUTPUT
 ------
 The output from this command is designed to be used as a commit
-template comment, and all the output lines are prefixed with '#'.
+template comment.
 The default, long format, is designed to be human readable,
 verbose and descriptive.  Its contents and format are subject to change
 at any time.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt
index 1e9e38ae40..7e03fcc62d 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitk.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt
@@ -166,8 +166,14 @@ gitk --max-count=100 --all \-- Makefile::
 
 Files
 -----
-Gitk creates the .gitk file in your $HOME directory to store preferences
-such as display options, font, and colors.
+User configuration and preferences are stored at:
+
+* '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/gitk' if it exists, otherwise
+* '$HOME/.gitk' if it exists
+
+If neither of the above exist then '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/gitk' is created and
+used by default. If '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME' is not set it defaults to
+'$HOME/.config' in all cases.
 
 History
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index 350949810e..7bbd19b300 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 MERGE STRATEGIES
 ----------------
 
-The merge mechanism ('git-merge' and 'git-pull' commands) allows the
+The merge mechanism (`git merge` and `git pull` commands) allows the
 backend 'merge strategies' to be chosen with `-s` option.  Some strategies
 can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving `-X<option>`
-arguments to 'git-merge' and/or 'git-pull'.
+arguments to `git merge` and/or `git pull`.
 
 resolve::
 	This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 36463919af..c5316a34ac 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ all::
 # FreeBSD can use either, but MinGW and some others need to use
 # libcharset.h's locale_charset() instead.
 #
-# Define CHARSET_LIB to you need to link with library other than -liconv to
+# Define CHARSET_LIB to the library you need to link with in order to
 # use locale_charset() function.  On some platforms this needs to set to
-# -lcharset
+# -lcharset, on others to -liconv .
 #
 # Define LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL if your gettext implementation doesn't
 # need -lintl when linking.
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index 4b045bace1..459208a326 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_add_usage[] = {
 	N_("git add [options] [--] <pathspec>..."),
@@ -141,23 +142,21 @@ static void refresh(int verbose, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
 			const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	int status, ac, i;
-	const char **args;
+	int status, i;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
-	args = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), (pathspec->nr + 6));
-	ac = 0;
-	args[ac++] = "add--interactive";
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "add--interactive");
 	if (patch_mode)
-		args[ac++] = patch_mode;
+		argv_array_push(&argv, patch_mode);
 	if (revision)
-		args[ac++] = revision;
-	args[ac++] = "--";
+		argv_array_push(&argv, revision);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--");
 	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
 		/* pass original pathspec, to be re-parsed */
-		args[ac++] = pathspec->items[i].original;
+		argv_array_push(&argv, pathspec->items[i].original);
 
-	status = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	free(args);
+	status = run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 	return status;
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/cat-file.c b/builtin/cat-file.c
index d5a93e0e91..707330499f 100644
--- a/builtin/cat-file.c
+++ b/builtin/cat-file.c
@@ -269,6 +269,8 @@ static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct expand_data data;
+	int save_warning;
+	int retval = 0;
 
 	if (!opt->format)
 		opt->format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize)";
@@ -297,11 +299,10 @@ static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
 	 * warn) ends up dwarfing the actual cost of the object lookups
 	 * themselves. We can work around it by just turning off the warning.
 	 */
+	save_warning = warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
 	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
 
 	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-		int error;
-
 		if (data.split_on_whitespace) {
 			/*
 			 * Split at first whitespace, tying off the beginning
@@ -316,12 +317,14 @@ static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
 			data.rest = p;
 		}
 
-		error = batch_one_object(buf.buf, opt, &data);
-		if (error)
-			return error;
+		retval = batch_one_object(buf.buf, opt, &data);
+		if (retval)
+			break;
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = save_warning;
+	return retval;
 }
 
 static const char * const cat_file_usage[] = {
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index ada51fa70f..1b86d9c868 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ struct checkout_opts {
 static int post_checkout_hook(struct commit *old, struct commit *new,
 			      int changed)
 {
-	return run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout",
-			sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
-			sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
-			changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+	return run_hook_le(NULL, "post-checkout",
+			   sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
+			   sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
+			   changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
 	/* "new" can be NULL when checking out from the index before
 	   a commit exists. */
 
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index 43e772ccdb..9b3c04d914 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -660,8 +660,8 @@ static int checkout(void)
 	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
 		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
-	err |= run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout", sha1_to_hex(null_sha1),
-			sha1_to_hex(sha1), "1", NULL);
+	err |= run_hook_le(NULL, "post-checkout", sha1_to_hex(null_sha1),
+			   sha1_to_hex(sha1), "1", NULL);
 
 	if (!err && option_recursive)
 		err = run_command_v_opt(argv_submodule, RUN_GIT_CMD);
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index 3783bcadcd..d9550c54d0 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ static char *sign_commit;
 static enum {
 	CLEANUP_SPACE,
 	CLEANUP_NONE,
+	CLEANUP_SCISSORS,
 	CLEANUP_ALL
 } cleanup_mode;
 static const char *cleanup_arg;
@@ -610,7 +611,7 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	/* This checks and barfs if author is badly specified */
 	determine_author_info(author_ident);
 
-	if (!no_verify && run_hook(index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
+	if (!no_verify && run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (squash_message) {
@@ -755,7 +756,9 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		int ident_shown = 0;
 		int saved_color_setting;
 		char *ai_tmp, *ci_tmp;
-		if (whence != FROM_COMMIT)
+		if (whence != FROM_COMMIT) {
+			if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS)
+				wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 			    whence == FROM_MERGE
 				? _("\n"
@@ -771,6 +774,7 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 				git_path(whence == FROM_MERGE
 					 ? "MERGE_HEAD"
 					 : "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
+		}
 
 		fprintf(s->fp, "\n");
 		if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
@@ -778,6 +782,8 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
 				  " Lines starting\nwith '%c' will be ignored, and an empty"
 				  " message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
+		else if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS && whence == FROM_COMMIT)
+			wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
 		else /* CLEANUP_SPACE, that is. */
 			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
@@ -867,8 +873,8 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (run_hook(index_file, "prepare-commit-msg",
-		     git_path(commit_editmsg), hook_arg1, hook_arg2, NULL))
+	if (run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "prepare-commit-msg",
+			    git_path(commit_editmsg), hook_arg1, hook_arg2, NULL))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (use_editor) {
@@ -884,7 +890,7 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	}
 
 	if (!no_verify &&
-	    run_hook(index_file, "commit-msg", git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL)) {
+	    run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "commit-msg", git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL)) {
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1068,8 +1074,6 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 		use_editor = 0;
 	if (0 <= edit_flag)
 		use_editor = edit_flag;
-	if (!use_editor)
-		setenv("GIT_EDITOR", ":", 1);
 
 	/* Sanity check options */
 	if (amend && !current_head)
@@ -1133,6 +1137,8 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_SPACE;
 	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "strip"))
 		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_ALL;
+	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "scissors"))
+		cleanup_mode = use_editor ? CLEANUP_SCISSORS : CLEANUP_SPACE;
 	else
 		die(_("Invalid cleanup mode %s"), cleanup_arg);
 
@@ -1450,6 +1456,29 @@ static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 	return finish_command(&proc);
 }
 
+int run_commit_hook(int editor_is_used, const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
+{
+	const char *hook_env[3] =  { NULL };
+	char index[PATH_MAX];
+	va_list args;
+	int ret;
+
+	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+	hook_env[0] = index;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let the hook know that no editor will be launched.
+	 */
+	if (!editor_is_used)
+		hook_env[1] = "GIT_EDITOR=:";
+
+	va_start(args, name);
+	ret = run_hook_ve(hook_env, name, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	static struct wt_status s;
@@ -1605,8 +1634,8 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("could not read commit message: %s"), strerror(saved_errno));
 	}
 
-	/* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
-	if (verbose)
+	if (verbose || /* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
+	    cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS)
 		wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(&sb);
 
 	if (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
@@ -1674,7 +1703,7 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		     "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."));
 
 	rerere(0);
-	run_hook(get_index_file(), "post-commit", NULL);
+	run_commit_hook(use_editor, get_index_file(), "post-commit", NULL);
 	if (amend && !no_post_rewrite) {
 		struct notes_rewrite_cfg *cfg;
 		cfg = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite("amend");
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index 63d400bcb2..11cf295515 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ static int need_to_gc(void)
 	else if (!too_many_loose_objects())
 		return 0;
 
-	if (run_hook(NULL, "pre-auto-gc", NULL))
+	if (run_hook_le(NULL, "pre-auto-gc", NULL))
 		return 0;
 	return 1;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index a6b1c17996..b9f6e12c0e 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 		if (keep_fd < 0) {
 			if (errno != EEXIST)
 				die_errno(_("cannot write keep file '%s'"),
-					  keep_name);
+					  keep_name ? keep_name : name);
 		} else {
 			if (keep_msg_len > 0) {
 				write_or_die(keep_fd, keep_msg, keep_msg_len);
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 			}
 			if (close(keep_fd) != 0)
 				die_errno(_("cannot close written keep file '%s'"),
-				    keep_name);
+					  keep_name ? keep_name : name);
 			report = "keep";
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index f0cf1205fa..e15d0e145a 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
 	}
 
 	/* Run a post-merge hook */
-	run_hook(NULL, "post-merge", squash ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+	run_hook_le(NULL, "post-merge", squash ? "1" : "0", NULL);
 
 	strbuf_release(&reflog_message);
 }
@@ -824,8 +824,8 @@ static void prepare_to_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 	if (0 < option_edit)
 		strbuf_commented_addf(&msg, _(merge_editor_comment), comment_line_char);
 	write_merge_msg(&msg);
-	if (run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
-		     git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL))
+	if (run_commit_hook(0 < option_edit, get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
+			    git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL))
 		abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
 	if (0 < option_edit) {
 		if (launch_editor(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), NULL, NULL))
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index 7e26eb5229..2a7243f52e 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -180,6 +180,9 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 						modes = xrealloc(modes,
 								(argc + last - first)
 								* sizeof(enum update_mode));
+						submodule_gitfile = xrealloc(submodule_gitfile,
+								(argc + last - first)
+								* sizeof(char *));
 					}
 
 					dst = add_slash(dst);
@@ -193,6 +196,7 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 							prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
 								path + length + 1);
 						modes[argc + j] = INDEX;
+						submodule_gitfile[argc + j] = NULL;
 					}
 					argc += last - first;
 				}
@@ -228,6 +232,11 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					memmove(destination + i,
 						destination + i + 1,
 						(argc - i) * sizeof(char *));
+					memmove(modes + i, modes + i + 1,
+						(argc - i) * sizeof(enum update_mode));
+					memmove(submodule_gitfile + i,
+						submodule_gitfile + i + 1,
+						(argc - i) * sizeof(char *));
 					i--;
 				}
 			} else
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 0ee5f1ff94..7950c4342f 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 static off_t write_reused_pack(struct sha1file *f)
 {
 	unsigned char buffer[8192];
-	off_t to_write;
+	off_t to_write, total;
 	int fd;
 
 	if (!is_pack_valid(reuse_packfile))
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ static off_t write_reused_pack(struct sha1file *f)
 	if (reuse_packfile_offset < 0)
 		reuse_packfile_offset = reuse_packfile->pack_size - 20;
 
-	to_write = reuse_packfile_offset - sizeof(struct pack_header);
+	total = to_write = reuse_packfile_offset - sizeof(struct pack_header);
 
 	while (to_write) {
 		int read_pack = xread(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
@@ -738,10 +738,23 @@ static off_t write_reused_pack(struct sha1file *f)
 
 		sha1write(f, buffer, read_pack);
 		to_write -= read_pack;
+
+		/*
+		 * We don't know the actual number of objects written,
+		 * only how many bytes written, how many bytes total, and
+		 * how many objects total. So we can fake it by pretending all
+		 * objects we are writing are the same size. This gives us a
+		 * smooth progress meter, and at the end it matches the true
+		 * answer.
+		 */
+		written = reuse_packfile_objects *
+				(((double)(total - to_write)) / total);
+		display_progress(progress_state, written);
 	}
 
 	close(fd);
-	written += reuse_packfile_objects;
+	written = reuse_packfile_objects;
+	display_progress(progress_state, written);
 	return reuse_packfile_offset - sizeof(struct pack_header);
 }
 
@@ -995,6 +1008,10 @@ static void create_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	entry->no_try_delta = no_try_delta;
 }
 
+static const char no_closure_warning[] = N_(
+"disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+);
+
 static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 			    const char *name, int exclude)
 {
@@ -1005,14 +1022,20 @@ static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 	if (have_duplicate_entry(sha1, exclude, &index_pos))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!want_object_in_pack(sha1, exclude, &found_pack, &found_offset))
+	if (!want_object_in_pack(sha1, exclude, &found_pack, &found_offset)) {
+		/* The pack is missing an object, so it will not have closure */
+		if (write_bitmap_index) {
+			warning(_(no_closure_warning));
+			write_bitmap_index = 0;
+		}
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	create_object_entry(sha1, type, pack_name_hash(name),
 			    exclude, name && no_try_delta(name),
 			    index_pos, found_pack, found_offset);
 
-	display_progress(progress_state, to_pack.nr_objects);
+	display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1028,7 +1051,7 @@ static int add_object_entry_from_bitmap(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 	create_object_entry(sha1, type, name_hash, 0, 0, index_pos, pack, offset);
 
-	display_progress(progress_state, to_pack.nr_objects);
+	display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -2427,12 +2450,7 @@ static int get_object_list_from_bitmap(struct rev_info *revs)
 			&reuse_packfile_offset)) {
 		assert(reuse_packfile_objects);
 		nr_result += reuse_packfile_objects;
-
-		if (progress) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Reusing existing pack: %d, done.\n",
-				reuse_packfile_objects);
-			fflush(stderr);
-		}
+		display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
 	}
 
 	traverse_bitmap_commit_list(&add_object_entry_from_bitmap);
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index 55631f191f..a9f177ba48 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -304,4 +304,7 @@ extern void check_commit_signature(const struct commit* commit, struct signature
 
 int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused);
 
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+extern int run_commit_hook(int editor_is_used, const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
+
 #endif /* COMMIT_H */
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 24ab7383ae..b7112542b4 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@ GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_STRINGS_H])
 # and libcharset does
 CHARSET_LIB=
 AC_CHECK_LIB([iconv], [locale_charset],
-       [],
+       [CHARSET_LIB=-liconv],
        [AC_CHECK_LIB([charset], [locale_charset],
                      [CHARSET_LIB=-lcharset])])
 GIT_CONF_SUBST([CHARSET_LIB])
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
index 4150412e2c..a983d061a9 100644
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url,
 				*arg++ = port;
 			}
 			*arg++ = ssh_host;
-		}	else {
+		} else {
 			/* remove repo-local variables from the environment */
 			conn->env = local_repo_env;
 			conn->use_shell = 1;
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
index dc59a91031..db925ca769 100755
--- a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ ignore_joins=
 annotate=
 squash=
 message=
+prefix=
 
 debug()
 {
diff --git a/diff-no-index.c b/diff-no-index.c
index 8e10bff30e..c554691df0 100644
--- a/diff-no-index.c
+++ b/diff-no-index.c
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
-static int read_directory(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
+static int read_directory_contents(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
 {
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *e;
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ static int read_directory(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
 		return error("Could not open directory %s", path);
 
 	while ((e = readdir(dir)))
-		if (strcmp(".", e->d_name) && strcmp("..", e->d_name))
+		if (!is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
 			string_list_insert(list, e->d_name);
 
 	closedir(dir);
@@ -107,9 +108,9 @@ static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
 		int i1, i2, ret = 0;
 		size_t len1 = 0, len2 = 0;
 
-		if (name1 && read_directory(name1, &p1))
+		if (name1 && read_directory_contents(name1, &p1))
 			return -1;
-		if (name2 && read_directory(name2, &p2)) {
+		if (name2 && read_directory_contents(name2, &p2)) {
 			string_list_clear(&p1, 0);
 			return -1;
 		}
diff --git a/entry.c b/entry.c
index 7b7aa8167a..77c6882624 100644
--- a/entry.c
+++ b/entry.c
@@ -44,33 +44,33 @@ static void create_directories(const char *path, int path_len,
 	free(buf);
 }
 
-static void remove_subtree(const char *path)
+static void remove_subtree(struct strbuf *path)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path->buf);
 	struct dirent *de;
-	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
-	char *name;
+	int origlen = path->len;
 
 	if (!dir)
-		die_errno("cannot opendir '%s'", path);
-	strcpy(pathbuf, path);
-	name = pathbuf + strlen(path);
-	*name++ = '/';
+		die_errno("cannot opendir '%s'", path->buf);
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 		struct stat st;
+
 		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
 			continue;
-		strcpy(name, de->d_name);
-		if (lstat(pathbuf, &st))
-			die_errno("cannot lstat '%s'", pathbuf);
+
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+		strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			die_errno("cannot lstat '%s'", path->buf);
 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-			remove_subtree(pathbuf);
-		else if (unlink(pathbuf))
-			die_errno("cannot unlink '%s'", pathbuf);
+			remove_subtree(path);
+		else if (unlink(path->buf))
+			die_errno("cannot unlink '%s'", path->buf);
+		strbuf_setlen(path, origlen);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
-	if (rmdir(path))
-		die_errno("cannot rmdir '%s'", path);
+	if (rmdir(path->buf))
+		die_errno("cannot rmdir '%s'", path->buf);
 }
 
 static int create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode)
@@ -245,27 +245,25 @@ static int check_path(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st, int skiplen)
 int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
 		   const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
 {
-	static struct strbuf path_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *path;
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct stat st;
-	int len;
 
 	if (topath)
 		return write_entry(ce, topath, state, 1);
 
-	strbuf_reset(&path_buf);
-	strbuf_add(&path_buf, state->base_dir, state->base_dir_len);
-	strbuf_add(&path_buf, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
-	path = path_buf.buf;
-	len = path_buf.len;
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	strbuf_add(&path, state->base_dir, state->base_dir_len);
+	strbuf_add(&path, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 
-	if (!check_path(path, len, &st, state->base_dir_len)) {
+	if (!check_path(path.buf, path.len, &st, state->base_dir_len)) {
 		unsigned changed = ce_match_stat(ce, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 		if (!changed)
 			return 0;
 		if (!state->force) {
 			if (!state->quiet)
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s already exists, no checkout\n", path);
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"%s already exists, no checkout\n",
+					path.buf);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
@@ -280,12 +278,14 @@ int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
 			if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 				return 0;
 			if (!state->force)
-				return error("%s is a directory", path);
-			remove_subtree(path);
-		} else if (unlink(path))
-			return error("unable to unlink old '%s' (%s)", path, strerror(errno));
+				return error("%s is a directory", path.buf);
+			remove_subtree(&path);
+		} else if (unlink(path.buf))
+			return error("unable to unlink old '%s' (%s)",
+				     path.buf, strerror(errno));
 	} else if (state->not_new)
 		return 0;
-	create_directories(path, len, state);
-	return write_entry(ce, path, state, 0);
+
+	create_directories(path.buf, path.len, state);
+	return write_entry(ce, path.buf, state, 0);
 }
diff --git a/fsck.c b/fsck.c
index 64bf279fd7..abed62bac7 100644
--- a/fsck.c
+++ b/fsck.c
@@ -165,18 +165,12 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 
 		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
 
-		if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
-			has_null_sha1 = 1;
-		if (strchr(name, '/'))
-			has_full_path = 1;
-		if (!*name)
-			has_empty_name = 1;
-		if (!strcmp(name, "."))
-			has_dot = 1;
-		if (!strcmp(name, ".."))
-			has_dotdot = 1;
-		if (!strcmp(name, ".git"))
-			has_dotgit = 1;
+		has_null_sha1 |= is_null_sha1(sha1);
+		has_full_path |= !!strchr(name, '/');
+		has_empty_name |= !*name;
+		has_dot |= !strcmp(name, ".");
+		has_dotdot |= !strcmp(name, "..");
+		has_dotgit |= !strcmp(name, ".git");
 		has_zero_pad |= *(char *)desc.buffer == '0';
 		update_tree_entry(&desc);
 
@@ -243,7 +237,7 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int fsck_ident(char **ident, struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
+static int fsck_ident(const char **ident, struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
 {
 	char *end;
 
@@ -284,21 +278,23 @@ static int fsck_ident(char **ident, struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
 
 static int fsck_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_error error_func)
 {
-	char *buffer = commit->buffer;
+	const char *buffer = commit->buffer, *tmp;
 	unsigned char tree_sha1[20], sha1[20];
 	struct commit_graft *graft;
 	int parents = 0;
 	int err;
 
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "tree ", 5))
+	buffer = skip_prefix(buffer, "tree ");
+	if (!buffer)
 		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'tree' line");
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer+5, tree_sha1) || buffer[45] != '\n')
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, tree_sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n')
 		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'tree' line format - bad sha1");
-	buffer += 46;
-	while (!memcmp(buffer, "parent ", 7)) {
-		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer+7, sha1) || buffer[47] != '\n')
+	buffer += 41;
+	while ((tmp = skip_prefix(buffer, "parent "))) {
+		buffer = tmp;
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n')
 			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'parent' line format - bad sha1");
-		buffer += 48;
+		buffer += 41;
 		parents++;
 	}
 	graft = lookup_commit_graft(commit->object.sha1);
@@ -322,15 +318,15 @@ static int fsck_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_error error_func)
 		if (p || parents)
 			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "parent objects missing");
 	}
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "author ", 7))
+	buffer = skip_prefix(buffer, "author ");
+	if (!buffer)
 		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'author' line");
-	buffer += 7;
 	err = fsck_ident(&buffer, &commit->object, error_func);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "committer ", strlen("committer ")))
+	buffer = skip_prefix(buffer, "committer ");
+	if (!buffer)
 		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'committer' line");
-	buffer += strlen("committer ");
 	err = fsck_ident(&buffer, &commit->object, error_func);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
index a1adae8313..1c41cbd66c 100644
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 					;;
 				esac
 			done
-			echo "$sha1 $action $prefix $rest"
+			printf '%s %s %s %s\n' "$sha1" "$action" "$prefix" "$rest"
 			# if it's a single word, try to resolve to a full sha1 and
 			# emit a second copy. This allows us to match on both message
 			# and on sha1 prefix
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index 5f6732bf3d..2c75e9fa0f 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -453,6 +453,10 @@ then
 		test "$fork_point" = auto && fork_point=t
 		;;
 	*)	upstream_name="$1"
+		if test "$upstream_name" = "-"
+		then
+			upstream_name="@{-1}"
+		fi
 		shift
 		;;
 	esac
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 78b5c3ac0b..85085501f6 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -1575,6 +1575,10 @@ static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs,
 {
 	struct strbuf sb;
 	int seen_dashdash = 0;
+	int save_warning;
+
+	save_warning = warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
 
 	strbuf_init(&sb, 1000);
 	while (strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
@@ -1596,7 +1600,9 @@ static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs,
 	}
 	if (seen_dashdash)
 		read_pathspec_from_stdin(revs, &sb, prune);
+
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = save_warning;
 }
 
 static void add_grep(struct rev_info *revs, const char *ptn, enum grep_pat_token what)
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index 3914d9c511..75abc478c6 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -760,13 +760,11 @@ char *find_hook(const char *name)
 	return path;
 }
 
-int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
+int run_hook_ve(const char *const *env, const char *name, va_list args)
 {
 	struct child_process hook;
 	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-	const char *p, *env[2];
-	char index[PATH_MAX];
-	va_list args;
+	const char *p;
 	int ret;
 
 	p = find_hook(name);
@@ -775,23 +773,45 @@ int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
 
 	argv_array_push(&argv, p);
 
-	va_start(args, name);
 	while ((p = va_arg(args, const char *)))
 		argv_array_push(&argv, p);
-	va_end(args);
 
 	memset(&hook, 0, sizeof(hook));
 	hook.argv = argv.argv;
+	hook.env = env;
 	hook.no_stdin = 1;
 	hook.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
-	if (index_file) {
-		snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
-		env[0] = index;
-		env[1] = NULL;
-		hook.env = env;
-	}
 
 	ret = run_command(&hook);
 	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 	return ret;
 }
+
+int run_hook_le(const char *const *env, const char *name, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int ret;
+
+	va_start(args, name);
+	ret = run_hook_ve(env, name, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int run_hook_with_custom_index(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
+{
+	const char *hook_env[3] =  { NULL };
+	char index[PATH_MAX];
+	va_list args;
+	int ret;
+
+	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+	hook_env[0] = index;
+
+	va_start(args, name);
+	ret = run_hook_ve(hook_env, name, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index 6b985afd07..3653bfa6e1 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -47,7 +47,12 @@ int run_command(struct child_process *);
 
 extern char *find_hook(const char *name);
 LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
-extern int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
+extern int run_hook_le(const char *const *env, const char *name, ...);
+extern int run_hook_ve(const char *const *env, const char *name, va_list args);
+
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+__attribute__((deprecated))
+extern int run_hook_with_custom_index(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
 
 #define RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN 1
 #define RUN_GIT_CMD	     2	/*If this is to be git sub-command */
diff --git a/t/lib-terminal.sh b/t/lib-terminal.sh
index 9a2dca506a..51845491bb 100644
--- a/t/lib-terminal.sh
+++ b/t/lib-terminal.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,20 @@
 # Helpers for terminal output tests.
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'set up terminal for tests' '
+# Catch tests which should depend on TTY but forgot to. There's no need
+# to aditionally check that the TTY prereq is set here.  If the test declared
+# it and we are running the test, then it must have been set.
+test_terminal () {
+	if ! test_declared_prereq TTY
+	then
+		echo >&4 "test_terminal: need to declare TTY prerequisite"
+		return 127
+	fi
+	perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
+}
+
+test_lazy_prereq TTY '
+	test_have_prereq PERL &&
+
 	# Reading from the pty master seems to get stuck _sometimes_
 	# on Mac OS X 10.5.0, using Perl 5.10.0 or 5.8.9.
 	#
@@ -15,21 +29,8 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'set up terminal for tests' '
 	# After 2000 iterations or so it hangs.
 	# https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=65692
 	#
-	if test "$(uname -s)" = Darwin
-	then
-		:
-	elif
-		perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
-			sh -c "test -t 1 && test -t 2"
-	then
-		test_set_prereq TTY &&
-		test_terminal () {
-			if ! test_declared_prereq TTY
-			then
-				echo >&4 "test_terminal: need to declare TTY prerequisite"
-				return 127
-			fi
-			perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
-		}
-	fi
+	test "$(uname -s)" != Darwin &&
+
+	perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
+		sh -c "test -t 1 && test -t 2"
 '
diff --git a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
index c9c426c273..3e3f77b59b 100755
--- a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -974,24 +974,15 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinked configuration' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent configuration' '
-	(
-		GIT_CONFIG=doesnotexist &&
-		export GIT_CONFIG &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list &&
-		test_must_fail git config test.xyzzy
-	)
+	test_must_fail env GIT_CONFIG=doesnotexist git config --list &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_CONFIG=doesnotexist git config test.xyzzy
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink to nonexistent configuration' '
 	ln -s doesnotexist linktonada &&
 	ln -s linktonada linktolinktonada &&
-	(
-		GIT_CONFIG=linktonada &&
-		export GIT_CONFIG &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list &&
-		GIT_CONFIG=linktolinktonada &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list
-	)
+	test_must_fail env GIT_CONFIG=linktonada git config --list &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_CONFIG=linktolinktonada git config --list
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check split_cmdline return' "
diff --git a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
index cf2ee7885a..e1b2a99f10 100755
--- a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
+++ b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
@@ -777,9 +777,7 @@ test_expect_success '#30: core.worktree and core.bare conflict (gitfile version)
 	setup_repo 30 "$here/30" gitfile true &&
 	(
 		cd 30 &&
-		GIT_DIR=.git &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result
+		test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=.git git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result
 	) &&
 	grep "core.bare and core.worktree" 30/result
 '
diff --git a/t/t3200-branch.sh b/t/t3200-branch.sh
index 83037b1cd9..ac31b711f2 100755
--- a/t/t3200-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@@ -859,11 +859,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detect typo in branch name when using --edit-description' '
 	write_script editor <<-\EOF &&
 		echo "New contents" >"$1"
 	EOF
-	(
-		EDITOR=./editor &&
-		export EDITOR &&
-		test_must_fail git branch --edit-description no-such-branch
-	)
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./editor git branch --edit-description no-such-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refuse --edit-description on unborn branch for now' '
@@ -871,11 +867,7 @@ test_expect_success 'refuse --edit-description on unborn branch for now' '
 		echo "New contents" >"$1"
 	EOF
 	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
-	(
-		EDITOR=./editor &&
-		export EDITOR &&
-		test_must_fail git branch --edit-description
-	)
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./editor git branch --edit-description
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--merged catches invalid object names' '
diff --git a/t/t3301-notes.sh b/t/t3301-notes.sh
index 3bb79a47af..cfd67ff3df 100755
--- a/t/t3301-notes.sh
+++ b/t/t3301-notes.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ GIT_EDITOR=./fake_editor.sh
 export GIT_EDITOR
 
 test_expect_success 'cannot annotate non-existing HEAD' '
-	(MSG=3 && export MSG && test_must_fail git notes add)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=3 git notes add
 '
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -32,22 +32,16 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'need valid notes ref' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ && export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes add) &&
-	(MSG=2 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ && export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes show)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ git notes show &&
+	test_must_fail env MSG=2 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ git notes show
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refusing to add notes in refs/heads/' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus &&
-	 export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes add)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus git notes add
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refusing to edit notes in refs/remotes/' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/remotes/bogus &&
-	 export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes edit)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus git notes edit
 '
 
 # 1 indicates caught gracefully by die, 128 means git-show barked
@@ -865,11 +859,7 @@ test_expect_success 'create note from non-existing note with "git notes add -c"
 	git add a10 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m 10th &&
-	(
-		MSG="yet another note" &&
-		export MSG &&
-		test_must_fail git notes add -c deadbeef
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env MSG="yet another note" git notes add -c deadbeef &&
 	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3400-rebase.sh b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
index 6d94b1fcd9..80e0a951ea 100755
--- a/t/t3400-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
@@ -88,6 +88,23 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase from ambiguous branch name' '
 	git rebase master
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase off of the previous branch using "-"' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git rebase @{-1} >expect.messages &&
+	git merge-base master HEAD >expect.forkpoint &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git rebase - >actual.messages &&
+	git merge-base master HEAD >actual.forkpoint &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.forkpoint actual.forkpoint &&
+	# the next one is dubious---we may want to say "-",
+	# instead of @{-1}, in the message
+	test_i18ncmp expect.messages actual.messages
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D topic &&
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 50e22b1cad..c0023a5b4f 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -102,12 +102,8 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command checks tree cleanness' '
 	git checkout master &&
-	(
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" &&
-	export FAKE_LINES &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	test_cmp_rev master^ HEAD &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git rebase --continue
@@ -116,12 +112,9 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command checks tree cleanness' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with exec of inexistent command' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
-	(
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	FAKE_LINES="exec_this-command-does-not-exist 1" &&
-	export FAKE_LINES &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^ >actual 2>&1
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="exec_this-command-does-not-exist 1" \
+	git rebase -i HEAD^ >actual 2>&1 &&
 	! grep "Maybe git-rebase is broken" actual
 '
 
@@ -375,11 +368,7 @@ test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-fixup conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i $base
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" git rebase -i $base &&
 	echo three > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
@@ -394,11 +383,7 @@ test_expect_success 'commit message retained after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-squash conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i $base
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" git rebase -i $base &&
 	echo three > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="TWICE" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
@@ -469,11 +454,7 @@ test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	(echo one; echo two; echo four) > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
@@ -487,11 +468,7 @@ test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash2 conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	(echo one; echo four) > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
@@ -528,11 +505,7 @@ test_expect_success 'aborted --continue does not squash commits after "edit"' '
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
-	(
-		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE=" " &&
-		export FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase --continue
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE=" " git rebase --continue &&
 	test $old = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git rebase --abort
 '
@@ -547,11 +520,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
 	echo "and again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	(
-		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="and again" &&
-		export FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase --continue
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="and again" git rebase --continue &&
 	git rebase --abort
 '
 
@@ -559,11 +528,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clean error after failed "exec"' '
 	test_tick &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort || :" &&
 	set_fake_editor &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_false" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 exec_false" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue 2>error &&
@@ -947,12 +912,8 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root retain root commit author and message' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root temporary sentinel commit' '
 	git checkout B &&
-	(
-		set_fake_editor &&
-		FAKE_LINES="2" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i --root
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="2" git rebase -i --root &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "^tree 4b825dc642cb" &&
 	git rebase --abort
 '
@@ -1042,11 +1003,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i error on commits with \ in message' '
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort; git reset --hard $current_head; rm -f error" &&
 	test_commit TO-REMOVE will-conflict old-content &&
 	test_commit "\temp" will-conflict new-content dummy &&
-	(
-	EDITOR=true &&
-	export EDITOR &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ 2>error
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=true git rebase -i HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ 2>error &&
 	test_expect_code 1 grep  "	emp" error
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh b/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
index 098b75507b..b6833e9a5f 100755
--- a/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
@@ -118,11 +118,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase (1)' '
 test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase (2)' '
 	git checkout test &&
 	git reset --hard side &&
-	(
-		EDITOR=:
-		export EDITOR
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i master
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=: git rebase -i master &&
 	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/test &&
 	test 0 = $(git rev-list HEAD...side | wc -l)
 '
diff --git a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
index 73194b2c3d..9c80633146 100755
--- a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
@@ -764,22 +764,14 @@ test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 
 test_expect_success TTY 'format-patch --stdout paginates' '
 	rm -f pager_used &&
-	(
-		GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" &&
-		export GIT_PAGER &&
-		test_terminal git format-patch --stdout --all
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git format-patch --stdout --all &&
 	test_path_is_file pager_used
 '
 
  test_expect_success TTY 'format-patch --stdout pagination can be disabled' '
 	rm -f pager_used &&
-	(
-		GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" &&
-		export GIT_PAGER &&
-		test_terminal git --no-pager format-patch --stdout --all &&
-		test_terminal git -c "pager.format-patch=false" format-patch --stdout --all
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git --no-pager format-patch --stdout --all &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git -c "pager.format-patch=false" format-patch --stdout --all &&
 	test_path_is_missing pager_used &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/pager_used
 '
diff --git a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
index 38a092a0da..34591c23da 100755
--- a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
+++ b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
@@ -7,179 +7,103 @@ test_description='Test custom diff function name patterns'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-LF='
-'
-cat >Beer.java <<\EOF
-public class Beer
-{
-	int special;
-	public static void main(String args[])
-	{
-		String s=" ";
-		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
-		{
-			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
-				+ x + " bottles of beer\n"
-				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
-				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-		}
-		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
-			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-	}
-}
-EOF
-sed 's/beer\\/beer,\\/' <Beer.java >Beer-correct.java
-cat >Beer.perl <<\EOT
-package Beer;
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use parent qw(Exporter);
-our @EXPORT_OK = qw(round finalround);
-
-sub other; # forward declaration
-
-# hello
-
-sub round {
-	my ($n) = @_;
-	print "$n bottles of beer on the wall ";
-	print "$n bottles of beer\n";
-	print "Take one down, pass it around, ";
-	$n = $n - 1;
-	print "$n bottles of beer on the wall.\n";
-}
-
-sub finalround
-{
-	print "Go to the store, buy some more\n";
-	print "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-}
-
-sub withheredocument {
-	print <<"EOF"
-decoy here-doc
-EOF
-	# some lines of context
-	# to pad it out
-	print "hello\n";
-}
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-Beer - subroutine to output fragment of a drinking song
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-	use Beer qw(round finalround);
-
-	sub song {
-		for (my $i = 99; $i > 0; $i--) {
-			round $i;
-		}
-		finalround;
-	}
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	# a non-trivial custom pattern
+	git config diff.custom1.funcname "!static
+!String
+[^ 	].*s.*" &&
 
-	song;
+	# a custom pattern which matches to end of line
+	git config diff.custom2.funcname "......Beer\$" &&
 
-=cut
-EOT
-sed -e '
-	s/hello/goodbye/
-	s/beer\\/beer,\\/
-	s/more\\/more,\\/
-	s/song;/song();/
-' <Beer.perl >Beer-correct.perl
+	# alternation in pattern
+	git config diff.custom3.funcname "Beer$" &&
+	git config diff.custom3.xfuncname "^[ 	]*((public|static).*)$" &&
 
-test_expect_funcname () {
-	lang=${2-java}
-	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index -U1 \
-		"Beer.$lang" "Beer-correct.$lang" >diff &&
-	grep "^@@.*@@ $1" diff
-}
+	# for regexp compilation tests
+	echo A >A.java &&
+	echo B >B.java
+'
 
-for p in ada bibtex cpp csharp fortran html java matlab objc pascal perl php python ruby tex
+diffpatterns="
+	ada
+	bibtex
+	cpp
+	csharp
+	fortran
+	html
+	java
+	matlab
+	objc
+	pascal
+	perl
+	php
+	python
+	ruby
+	tex
+	custom1
+	custom2
+	custom3
+"
+
+for p in $diffpatterns
 do
 	test_expect_success "builtin $p pattern compiles" '
 		echo "*.java diff=$p" >.gitattributes &&
 		test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index \
-			Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-		! grep fatal msg &&
-		! grep error msg
+			A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+		! test_i18ngrep fatal msg &&
+		! test_i18ngrep error msg
 	'
 	test_expect_success "builtin $p wordRegex pattern compiles" '
 		echo "*.java diff=$p" >.gitattributes &&
 		test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index --word-diff \
-			Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-		! grep fatal msg &&
-		! grep error msg
+			A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+		! test_i18ngrep fatal msg &&
+		! test_i18ngrep error msg
 	'
 done
 
-test_expect_success 'default behaviour' '
-	rm -f .gitattributes &&
-	test_expect_funcname "public class Beer\$"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'set up .gitattributes declaring drivers to test' '
-	cat >.gitattributes <<-\EOF
-	*.java diff=java
-	*.perl diff=perl
-	EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'preset java pattern' '
-	test_expect_funcname "public static void main("
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'preset perl pattern' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub round {\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern accepts K&R style brace placement, too' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub finalround\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'but is not distracted by end of <<here document' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub withheredocument {\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern is not distracted by sub within POD' '
-	test_expect_funcname "=head" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern gets full line of POD header' '
-	test_expect_funcname "=head1 SYNOPSIS\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern is not distracted by forward declaration' '
-	test_expect_funcname "package Beer;\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'custom pattern' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "!static
-!String
-[^ 	].*s.*" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "int special;\$"
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'last regexp must not be negated' '
+	echo "*.java diff=java" >.gitattributes &&
 	test_config diff.java.funcname "!static" &&
-	test_expect_code 128 git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-	grep ": Last expression must not be negated:" msg
+	test_expect_code 128 git diff --no-index A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+	test_i18ngrep ": Last expression must not be negated:" msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pattern which matches to end of line' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "Beer\$" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "Beer\$"
+test_expect_success 'setup hunk header tests' '
+	for i in $diffpatterns
+	do
+		echo "$i-* diff=$i"
+	done > .gitattributes &&
+
+	# add all test files to the index
+	(
+		cd "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4018 &&
+		git --git-dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git" add .
+	) &&
+
+	# place modified files in the worktree
+	for i in $(git ls-files)
+	do
+		sed -e "s/ChangeMe/IWasChanged/" <"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4018/$i" >"$i" || return 1
+	done
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternation in pattern' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "Beer$" &&
-	test_config diff.java.xfuncname "^[ 	]*((public|static).*)$" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "public static void main("
-'
+# check each individual file
+for i in $(git ls-files)
+do
+	if grep broken "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		result=failure
+	else
+		result=success
+	fi
+	test_expect_$result "hunk header: $i" "
+		test_when_finished 'cat actual' &&	# for debugging only
+		git diff -U1 $i >actual &&
+		grep '@@ .* @@.*RIGHT' actual
+	"
+done
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4018/README b/t/t4018/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..283e01cca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/README
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+How to write RIGHT test cases
+=============================
+
+Insert the word "ChangeMe" (exactly this form) at a distance of
+at least two lines from the line that must appear in the hunk header.
+
+The text that must appear in the hunk header must contain the word
+"right", but in all upper-case, like in the title above.
+
+To mark a test case that highlights a malfunction, insert the word
+BROKEN in all lower-case somewhere in the file.
+
+This text is a bit twisted and out of order, but it is itself a
+test case for the default hunk header pattern. Know what you are doing
+if you change it.
+
+BTW, this tests that the head line goes to the hunk header, not the line
+of equal signs.
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function b/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ee6bbef55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Item RIGHT::DoSomething( Args with_spaces )
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec4f115c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Item::Item(int RIGHT)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49a69f37e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Item::Item(int RIGHT) :
+	member(0)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11b61da3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+class RIGHT
+{
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b98cd09ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class RIGHT :
+	public Baseclass
+{
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor b/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5487665096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+RIGHT::~RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1084d5990e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+::Item get::it::RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9750aa61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+get::Item get::it::RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
+
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef15657ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+const char *get_it_RIGHT(char *ptr)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01b051df70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+string& get::it::RIGHT(char *ptr)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function b/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08c7c7565a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const char *
+RIGHT(int arg)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6749980241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+namespace RIGHT
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1acd827159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Value operator+(Value LEFT, Value RIGHT)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d4a9dbb9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class RIGHT : public Baseclass
+{
+public:
+protected:
+private:
+	void DoSomething();
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3800b9967a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+struct item RIGHT(int i)
+// Do not
+// pick up
+/* these
+** comments.
+*/
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9c10aba22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+void RIGHT (void)
+{
+repeat:		// C++ comment
+next:		/* C comment */
+	do_something();
+
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..521c59fd15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+struct RIGHT {
+	unsigned
+	/* this bit field looks like a label and should not be picked up */
+		decoy_bitfield: 2,
+		more : 1;
+	int filler;
+
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0de5fb800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+void wrong()
+{
+}
+
+struct RIGHT_iterator_tag {};
+
+int ChangeMe;
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cdf5ba5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+template<class T> int RIGHT(T arg)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ec94df697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+union RIGHT {
+	double v;
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function b/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..153081e872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void RIGHT (void)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom1-pattern b/t/t4018/custom1-pattern
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8fd59f884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom1-pattern
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special, RIGHT;
+	public static void main(String args[])
+	{
+		String s=" ";
+		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
+		{
+			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
+				+ x + " bottles of beer\n" // ChangeMe
+				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
+				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+		}
+		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
+			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line b/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f88ac318b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+public class RIGHT_Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String args[])
+	{
+		System.out.print("ChangeMe");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern b/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f3769c64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String RIGHT[])
+	{
+		String s=" ";
+		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
+		{
+			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
+				+ x + " bottles of beer\n" // ChangeMe
+				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
+				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+		}
+		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
+			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/java-class-member-function b/t/t4018/java-class-member-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..298bc7a71b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/java-class-member-function
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String RIGHT[])
+	{
+		System.out.print("ChangeMe");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc b/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c22d39b256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+sub RIGHTwithheredocument {
+	print <<"EOF"
+decoy here-doc
+EOF
+	# some lines of context
+	# to pad it out
+	print "ChangeMe\n";
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl b/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a98cb8bdad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package RIGHT;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use parent qw(Exporter);
+our @EXPORT_OK = qw(round finalround);
+
+sub other; # forward declaration
+
+# ChangeMe
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod b/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e39f02462e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+=head1 NAME
+
+Beer - subroutine to output fragment of a drinking song
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS_RIGHT
+
+	use Beer qw(round finalround);
+
+	sub song {
+		for (my $i = 99; $i > 0; $i--) {
+			round $i;
+		}
+		finalround;
+	}
+
+	ChangeMe;
+
+=cut
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a507d1f645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sub RIGHT {
+	my ($n) = @_;
+	print "ChangeMe";
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..330b3df114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sub RIGHT
+{
+	print "ChangeMe\n";
+}
diff --git a/t/t5305-include-tag.sh b/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
index b061864a87..21517c70cd 100755
--- a/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ test_expect_success 'unpack objects' '
 test_expect_success 'check unpacked result (have commit, no tag)' '
 	git rev-list --objects $commit >list.expect &&
 	(
-		GIT_DIR=clone.git &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail git cat-file -e $tag &&
+		test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=clone.git git cat-file -e $tag &&
 		git rev-list --objects $commit
 	) >list.actual &&
 	test_cmp list.expect list.actual
diff --git a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
index d3a3afaba8..f13525caa3 100755
--- a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
+++ b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
@@ -91,7 +91,10 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch (partial bitmap)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'incremental repack cannot create bitmaps' '
 	test_commit more-1 &&
-	test_must_fail git repack -d
+	find .git/objects/pack -name "*.bitmap" >expect &&
+	git repack -d &&
+	find .git/objects/pack -name "*.bitmap" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'incremental repack can disable bitmaps' '
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index ab28594c62..5acd753dcf 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch via rsync' '
 	mkdir rsynced &&
 	(cd rsynced &&
 	 git init --bare &&
-	 git fetch "rsync:$(pwd)/../.git" master:refs/heads/master &&
+	 git fetch "rsync:../.git" master:refs/heads/master &&
 	 git gc --prune &&
 	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
 	 git fsck --full)
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push via rsync' '
 	(cd rsynced2 &&
 	 git init) &&
 	(cd rsynced &&
-	 git push "rsync:$(pwd)/../rsynced2/.git" master) &&
+	 git push "rsync:../rsynced2/.git" master) &&
 	(cd rsynced2 &&
 	 git gc --prune &&
 	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push via rsync' '
 	mkdir rsynced3 &&
 	(cd rsynced3 &&
 	 git init) &&
-	git push --all "rsync:$(pwd)/rsynced3/.git" &&
+	git push --all "rsync:rsynced3/.git" &&
 	(cd rsynced3 &&
 	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
 	 git fsck --full)
diff --git a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
index 3f353d99e8..cbcceab9d5 100755
--- a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
+++ b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
@@ -12,21 +12,14 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone calls git upload-pack unqualified with no -u option' '
-	(
-		GIT_SSH=./not_ssh &&
-		export GIT_SSH &&
-		test_must_fail git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_SSH=./not_ssh git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk &&
 	echo "localhost git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone calls specified git upload-pack with -u option' '
-	(
-		GIT_SSH=./not_ssh &&
-		export GIT_SSH &&
-		test_must_fail git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_SSH=./not_ssh \
+		git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk &&
 	echo "localhost ./something/bin/git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
 '
diff --git a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
index c33cc25805..25fd2e7f46 100755
--- a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -231,10 +231,8 @@ test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for fetching' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for pushing' '
-	(GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 &&
-	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE &&
-	cd local &&
-	test_must_fail git push --all
+	(cd local &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 git push --all
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
index 98744038ec..9d9d9de08e 100755
--- a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
+++ b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
@@ -190,12 +190,9 @@ test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --no-color' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success TTY '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout is tty)' '
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
-		test_terminal \
-			git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
-		has_color actual
-	)
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 \
+		git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+	has_color actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout not tty)' '
diff --git a/t/t7001-mv.sh b/t/t7001-mv.sh
index e3c8c2c1b8..215d43d6a6 100755
--- a/t/t7001-mv.sh
+++ b/t/t7001-mv.sh
@@ -294,7 +294,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
 	git submodule add ./. sub &&
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
-	git commit -m "added sub and file"
+	git commit -m "added sub and file" &&
+	git branch submodule
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git mv cannot move a submodule in a file' '
@@ -463,4 +464,14 @@ test_expect_success 'checking out a commit before submodule moved needs manual u
 	! test -s actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'mv -k does not accidentally destroy submodules' '
+	git checkout submodule &&
+	mkdir dummy dest &&
+	git mv -k dummy sub dest &&
+	git status --porcelain >actual &&
+	grep "^R  sub -> dest/sub" actual &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout .
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7006-pager.sh b/t/t7006-pager.sh
index b9365b431d..da958a8b56 100755
--- a/t/t7006-pager.sh
+++ b/t/t7006-pager.sh
@@ -146,11 +146,7 @@ test_expect_success 'no color when stdout is a regular file' '
 test_expect_success TTY 'color when writing to a pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git log
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git log &&
 	colorful paginated.out
 '
 
@@ -158,11 +154,7 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'colors are suppressed by color.pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
 	test_config color.pager false &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git log
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git log &&
 	! colorful paginated.out
 '
 
@@ -181,11 +173,7 @@ test_expect_success 'color when writing to a file intended for a pager' '
 test_expect_success TTY 'colors are sent to pager for external commands' '
 	test_config alias.externallog "!git log" &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git -p externallog
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git -p externallog &&
 	colorful paginated.out
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7502-commit.sh b/t/t7502-commit.sh
index 6313da2cdd..9a3f3a1b41 100755
--- a/t/t7502-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7502-commit.sh
@@ -223,6 +223,22 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace option,-F)' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (scissors option,-F,-e)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	cat >text <<EOF &&
+
+# to be kept
+# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
+to be removed
+EOF
+	echo "# to be kept" >expect &&
+	git commit --cleanup=scissors -e -F text -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
diff --git a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
index 357375151d..03dce09cfe 100755
--- a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -134,14 +134,26 @@ test_expect_success 'with hook (-c)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'with hook (merge)' '
 
-	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
-	git checkout -b other HEAD@{1} &&
-	echo "more" >> file &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m other &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	git merge --no-ff other &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "merge (no editor)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook and editor (merge)' '
+
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m other &&
 	git checkout - &&
-	git merge other &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = merge
+	env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git merge --no-ff -e other &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "merge"
 '
 
 cat > "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
@@ -151,34 +163,37 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'with failing hook' '
 
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
 	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
-	! GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'with failing hook (--no-verify)' '
 
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
 	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
-	! GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify -c $head
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify -c $head
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'with failing hook (merge)' '
 
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
 	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	rm -f "$HOOK" &&
 	git commit -m other &&
-	write_script "$HOOK" <<-EOF
+	write_script "$HOOK" <<-EOF &&
 	exit 1
 	EOF
 	git checkout - &&
-	test_must_fail git merge other
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff other
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh b/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..998a2103c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='hunk edit with "commit -p -m"'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all="skipping '$test_description' tests, perl not available"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
+	echo line1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m commit1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit hunk "commit -p -m message"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f editor_was_started" &&
+	rm -f editor_was_started &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	echo e | env GIT_EDITOR=": >editor_was_started" git commit -p -m commit2 file &&
+	test -r editor_was_started
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit hunk "commit --dry-run -p -m message"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f editor_was_started" &&
+	rm -f editor_was_started &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	echo e | env GIT_EDITOR=": >editor_was_started" git commit -p -m commit3 file &&
+	test -r editor_was_started
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index 569b52dc0f..87f327ff8b 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ error "Test script did not set test_description."
 
 if test "$help" = "t"
 then
-	echo "$test_description"
+	printf '%s\n' "$test_description"
 	exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ test_failure_ () {
 	test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
 	say_color error "not ok $test_count - $1"
 	shift
-	echo "$@" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+	printf '%s\n' "$*" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
 	test "$immediate" = "" || { GIT_EXIT_OK=t; exit 1; }
 }
 
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
index 10b61ec37d..fad52d6392 100644
--- a/userdiff.c
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -125,15 +125,13 @@ PATTERNS("tex", "^(\\\\((sub)*section|chapter|part)\\*{0,1}\\{.*)$",
 	 "\\\\[a-zA-Z@]+|\\\\.|[a-zA-Z0-9\x80-\xff]+"),
 PATTERNS("cpp",
 	 /* Jump targets or access declarations */
-	 "!^[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*:.*$\n"
-	 /* C/++ functions/methods at top level */
-	 "^([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*([ \t*]+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*([ \t]*::[ \t]*[^[:space:]]+)?){1,}[ \t]*\\([^;]*)$\n"
-	 /* compound type at top level */
-	 "^((struct|class|enum)[^;]*)$",
+	 "!^[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*:[[:space:]]*($|/[/*])\n"
+	 /* functions/methods, variables, and compounds at top level */
+	 "^((::[[:space:]]*)?[A-Za-z_].*)$",
 	 /* -- */
 	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
-	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
-	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->"),
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lLuU]*"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->\\*?|\\.\\*"),
 PATTERNS("csharp",
 	 /* Keywords */
 	 "!^[ \t]*(do|while|for|if|else|instanceof|new|return|switch|case|throw|catch|using)\n"
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index c89c3bb537..e1827faf07 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 
-static char cut_line[] =
+static const char cut_line[] =
 "------------------------ >8 ------------------------\n";
 
 static char default_wt_status_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
@@ -841,6 +841,17 @@ void wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(struct strbuf *buf)
 	strbuf_release(&pattern);
 }
 
+void wt_status_add_cut_line(FILE *fp)
+{
+	const char *explanation = _("Do not touch the line above.\nEverything below will be removed.");
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	fprintf(fp, "%c %s", comment_line_char, cut_line);
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, explanation, strlen(explanation));
+	fputs(buf.buf, fp);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
@@ -866,14 +877,8 @@ static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
 	 * diff before committing.
 	 */
 	if (s->fp != stdout) {
-		const char *explanation = _("Do not touch the line above.\nEverything below will be removed.");
-		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
 		rev.diffopt.use_color = 0;
-		fprintf(s->fp, "%c %s", comment_line_char, cut_line);
-		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, explanation, strlen(explanation));
-		fputs(buf.buf, s->fp);
-		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
 	}
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
 }
diff --git a/wt-status.h b/wt-status.h
index 30a4812583..b56ce3f035 100644
--- a/wt-status.h
+++ b/wt-status.h
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ struct wt_status_state {
 };
 
 void wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(struct strbuf *);
+void wt_status_add_cut_line(FILE *fp);
 void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s);