From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Date: Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:23:38 +0000 (-0700)
Subject: Merge branch 'jn/svn-fe'
X-Git-Tag: v1.7.3-rc0~31
X-Git-Url: https://git.lorimer.id.au/gitweb.git/diff_plain/aca35505db3706c87d391dd213e856f73edfd42c?hp=cd9a7b57a7118672441f9e9670a9fbb42249cf67

Merge branch 'jn/svn-fe'

* jn/svn-fe:
t/t9010-svn-fe.sh: add an +x bit to this test
t9010 (svn-fe): avoid symlinks in test
t9010 (svn-fe): use Unix-style path in URI
vcs-svn: Avoid %z in format string
vcs-svn: Rename dirent pool to build on Windows
compat: add strtok_r()
treap: style fix
vcs-svn: remove build artifacts on "make clean"
svn-fe manual: Clarify warning about deltas in dump files
Update svn-fe manual
SVN dump parser
Infrastructure to write revisions in fast-export format
Add stream helper library
Add string-specific memory pool
Add treap implementation
Add memory pool library
Introduce vcs-svn lib
---

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 258723f681..4cb14e0bae 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 /gitk-git/gitk-wish
 /gitweb/GITWEB-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /gitweb/gitweb.cgi
-/gitweb/gitweb.min.*
+/gitweb/static/gitweb.min.*
 /test-chmtime
 /test-ctype
 /test-date
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt
index 942611299d..f61dd3504a 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ GIT v1.5.6.3 Release Notes
 Fixes since v1.5.6.2
 --------------------
 
-* Setting core.sharerepository to traditional "true" value was supposed to make
+* Setting core.sharedrepository to traditional "true" value was supposed to make
   the repository group writable but should not affect permission for others.
   However, since 1.5.6, it was broken to drop permission for others when umask is
   022, making the repository unreadable by others.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt
index 51b32f5d94..e1e24b3295 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Fixes since v1.6.0.1
 * Many commands did not use the correct working tree location when used
   with GIT_WORK_TREE environment settings.
 
-* Some systems needs to use compatibility fnmach and regex libraries
+* Some systems need to use compatibility fnmatch and regex libraries
   independent from each other; the compat/ area has been reorganized to
   allow this.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt
index 4f29babdeb..5643e6537d 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Fixes since v1.6.4.2
   been deprecated.
 
 * "git fetch" and "git clone" had an extra sanity check to verify the
-  presense of the corresponding *.pack file before downloading *.idx
+  presence of the corresponding *.pack file before downloading *.idx
   file by issuing a HEAD request.  Github server however sometimes
   gave 500 (Internal server error) response to HEAD even if a GET
   request for *.pack file to the same URL would have succeeded, and broke
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt
index e42f8b2397..d3a2a3e712 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Fixes since v1.6.5.3
    future versions, but not in this release,
 
  * "git merge -m <message> <branch>..." added the standard merge message
-   on its own after user-supplied message, which should have overrided the
+   on its own after user-supplied message, which should have overridden the
    standard one.
 
 Other minor documentation updates are included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt
index 5b49ea53be..dc5302c21c 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Fixes since v1.6.5.6
   an older version of git should just ignore them.  Instead we diagnosed
   it as an error.
 
-* With help.autocorrect set to non-zero value, the logic to guess typoes
+* With help.autocorrect set to non-zero value, the logic to guess typos
   in the subcommand name misfired and ran a random nonsense command.
 
 * If a command is run with an absolute path as a pathspec inside a bare
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt
index 04e205c457..c50b59c495 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ or adjust to the new behaviour, on the day their sysadmin decides to install
 the new version of git.  When we switched from "git-foo" to "git foo" in
 1.6.0, even though the change had been advertised and the transition
 guide had been provided for a very long time, the users procrastinated
-during the entire transtion period, and ended up panicking on the day
+during the entire transition period, and ended up panicking on the day
 their sysadmins updated their git installation.  We are trying to avoid
 repeating that unpleasantness in the 1.7.0 release.
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ users will fare this time.
  * "git diff" traditionally treated various "ignore whitespace" options
    only as a way to filter the patch output.  "git diff --exit-code -b"
    exited with non-zero status even if all changes were about changing the
-   ammount of whitespace and nothing else.  and "git diff -b" showed the
+   amount of whitespace and nothing else.  and "git diff -b" showed the
    "diff --git" header line for such a change without patch text.
 
    In 1.7.0, the "ignore whitespaces" will affect the semantics of the
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt
index 43e3f33615..0bb8c0b2a2 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.0.txt
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ release, unless otherwise noted.
    the branch is fully merged to its upstream branch if it is not merged
    to the current branch.  It now deletes it in such a case.
 
- * "fiter-branch" command incorrectly said --prune-empty and --filter-commit
+ * "filter-branch" command incorrectly said --prune-empty and --filter-commit
    were incompatible; the latter should be read as --commit-filter.
 
  * When using "git status" or asking "git diff" to compare the work tree
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71eb6a8b0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Git v1.7.2.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.2.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Object transfer over smart http transport deadlocked the client when
+   the remote HTTP server returned a failure, instead of erroring it out.
+
+ * git-gui honors custom textconv filters when showing diff and blame;
+
+ * git diff --relative=subdir (without the necessary trailing /) did not
+   work well;
+
+ * "git diff-files -p --submodule" was recently broken;
+
+ * "git checkout -b n ':/token'" did not work;
+
+ * "git index-pack" (hence "git fetch/clone/pull/push") enabled the object
+   replacement machinery by mistake (it never should have);
+
+And other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index f81fb918da..19b6dc6dda 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ advice.*::
 		when writing commit messages. Default: true.
 	commitBeforeMerge::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
-		merge to avoid overwritting local changes.
+		merge to avoid overwriting local changes.
 		Default: true.
 	resolveConflict::
 		Advices shown by various commands when conflicts
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
 
 core.deltaBaseCacheLimit::
 	Maximum number of bytes to reserve for caching base objects
-	that multiple deltafied objects reference.  By storing the
+	that may be referenced by multiple deltified objects.  By storing the
 	entire decompressed base objects in a cache Git is able
 	to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base
 	objects multiple times.
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ not necessarily be the current directory.
 am.keepcr::
 	If true, git-am will call git-mailsplit for patches in mbox format
 	with parameter '--keep-cr'. In this case git-mailsplit will
-	not remove `\r` from lines ending with `\r\n`. Can be overrriden
+	not remove `\r` from lines ending with `\r\n`. Can be overridden
 	by giving '--no-keep-cr' from the command line.
 	See linkgit:git-am[1], linkgit:git-mailsplit[1].
 
@@ -826,6 +826,11 @@ diff.renames::
 	will enable basic rename detection.  If set to "copies" or
 	"copy", it will detect copies, as well.
 
+diff.ignoreSubmodules::
+	Sets the default value of --ignore-submodules. Note that this
+	affects only 'git diff' Porcelain, and not lower level 'diff'
+	commands such as 'git diff-files'.
+
 diff.suppressBlankEmpty::
 	A boolean to inhibit the standard behavior of printing a space
 	before each empty output line. Defaults to false.
@@ -1002,7 +1007,7 @@ gitcvs.usecrlfattr::
 	If true, the server will look up the end-of-line conversion
 	attributes for files to determine the '-k' modes to use. If
 	the attributes force git to treat a file as text,
-	the '-k' mode will be left blank so cvs clients will
+	the '-k' mode will be left blank so CVS clients will
 	treat it as text. If they suppress text conversion, the file
 	will be set with '-kb' mode, which suppresses any newline munging
 	the client might otherwise do. If the attributes do not allow
@@ -1243,6 +1248,15 @@ http.noEPSV::
 	support EPSV mode. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV'
 	environment variable. Default is false (curl will use EPSV).
 
+http.useragent::
+	The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server.  The default
+	value represents the version of the client git such as git/1.7.1.
+	This option allows you to override this value to a more common value
+	such as Mozilla/4.0.  This may be necessary, for instance, if
+	connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set
+	of common USER_AGENT strings (but not including those like git/1.7.1).
+	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT' environment variable.
+
 i18n.commitEncoding::
 	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself
 	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
@@ -1275,7 +1289,9 @@ instaweb.local::
 	be bound to the local IP (127.0.0.1).
 
 instaweb.modulepath::
-	The module path for an apache httpd used by linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
+	The default module path for linkgit:git-instaweb[1] to use
+	instead of /usr/lib/apache2/modules.  Only used if httpd
+	is Apache.
 
 instaweb.port::
 	The port number to bind the gitweb httpd to. See
@@ -1533,6 +1549,9 @@ rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.
 
+rebase.autosquash::
+	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
+
 receive.autogc::
 	By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after
 	receiving data from git-push and updating refs.  You can stop
@@ -1747,6 +1766,19 @@ submodule.<name>.update::
 	URL and other values found in the `.gitmodules` file.  See
 	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
 
+submodule.<name>.ignore::
+	Defines under what circumstances "git status" and the diff family show
+	a submodule as modified. When set to "all", it will never be considered
+	modified, "dirty" will ignore all changes to the submodules work tree and
+	takes only differences between the HEAD of the submodule and the commit
+	recorded in the superproject into account. "untracked" will additionally
+	let submodules with modified tracked files in their work tree show up.
+	Using "none" (the default when this option is not set) also shows
+	submodules that have untracked files in their work tree as changed.
+	This setting overrides any setting made in .gitmodules for this submodule,
+	both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
+	"--ignore-submodules" option.
+
 tar.umask::
 	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
 	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index eecedaab6e..4656a97e60 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -355,7 +355,11 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 --ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
 	Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
-	either "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default. When
+	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default
+	Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
+	untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
+	in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
+	'ignore' option in linkgit:git-config[1] or linkgit:gitmodules[5]. When
 	"untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only
 	contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified
 	content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
index 86b3015c13..efbe3790bb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ logical change in each commit.
 The smaller the changes in your commit, the most effective "git
 bisect" will be. And you will probably need "git bisect" less in the
 first place, as small changes are easier to review even if they are
-only reviewed by the commiter.
+only reviewed by the committer.
 
 Another good idea is to have good commit messages. They can be very
 helpful to understand why some changes were made.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index 1bacd2e104..66e570113a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [<branch>]
-'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [[-b|--orphan] <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [[-b|-B|--orphan] <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
 'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
 'git checkout' --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ also update `HEAD` to set the specified branch as the current
 branch.
 
 'git checkout' [<branch>]::
-'git checkout' -b <new branch> [<start point>]::
+'git checkout' -b|-B <new_branch> [<start point>]::
 
 	This form switches branches by updating the index, working
 	tree, and HEAD to reflect the specified branch.
@@ -31,6 +31,17 @@ were called and then checked out; in this case you can
 use the `--track` or `--no-track` options, which will be passed to
 'git branch'.  As a convenience, `--track` without `-b` implies branch
 creation; see the description of `--track` below.
++
+If `-B` is given, <new_branch> is created if it doesn't exist; otherwise, it
+is reset. This is the transactional equivalent of
++
+------------
+$ git branch -f <branch> [<start point>]
+$ git checkout <branch>
+------------
++
+that is to say, the branch is not reset/created unless "git checkout" is
+successful.
 
 'git checkout' [--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...::
 
@@ -75,6 +86,12 @@ entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
 	Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
 	<start_point>; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 
+-B::
+	Creates the branch <new_branch> and start it at <start_point>;
+	if it already exists, then reset it to <start_point>. This is
+	equivalent to running "git branch" with "-f"; see
+	linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
+
 -t::
 --track::
 	When creating a new branch, set up "upstream" configuration. See
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
index a81cb6c280..60e38e6e27 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-clean - Remove untracked files from the working tree
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
+'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -45,6 +45,12 @@ OPTIONS
 	Be quiet, only report errors, but not the files that are
 	successfully removed.
 
+-e <pattern>::
+--exclude=<pattern>::
+	Specify special exceptions to not be cleaned.  Each <pattern> is
+	the same form as in $GIT_DIR/info/excludes and this option can be
+	given multiple times.
+
 -x::
 	Don't use the ignore rules.  This allows removing all untracked
 	files, including build products.  This can be used (possibly in
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index c28603ecf5..42fb1f57b2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -130,11 +130,11 @@ OPTIONS
 	Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its
 	sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you
 	from making such a commit.  This option bypasses the safety, and
-	is primarily for use by foreign scm interface scripts.
+	is primarily for use by foreign SCM interface scripts.
 
 --allow-empty-message::
        Like --allow-empty this command is primarily for use by foreign
-       scm interface scripts. It allows you to create a commit with an
+       SCM interface scripts. It allows you to create a commit with an
        empty commit message without using plumbing commands like
        linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
index 8bcd875a67..608cd63fc3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ ISSUES
 ------
 Problems related to timestamps:
 
- * If timestamps of commits in the cvs repository are not stable enough
+ * If timestamps of commits in the CVS repository are not stable enough
    to be used for ordering commits changes may show up in the wrong
    order.
  * If any files were ever "cvs import"ed more than once (e.g., import of
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Problems related to branches:
 
  * Branches on which no commits have been made are not imported.
  * All files from the branching point are added to a branch even if
-   never added in cvs.
+   never added in CVS.
  * This applies to files added to the source branch *after* a daughter
    branch was created: if previously no commit was made on the daughter
    branch they will erroneously be added to the daughter branch in git.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index 7004dd2dec..f4472c61db 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ CRLF Line Ending Conversions
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 By default the server leaves the '-k' mode blank for all files,
-which causes the cvs client to treat them as a text files, subject
-to crlf conversion on some platforms.
+which causes the CVS client to treat them as a text files, subject
+to end-of-line conversion on some platforms.
 
 You can make the server use the end-of-line conversion attributes to
 set the '-k' modes for files by setting the `gitcvs.usecrlfattr`
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
index 98ec6b5871..8a6a3cb255 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -90,6 +90,12 @@ marks the same across runs.
 	resulting stream can only be used by a repository which
 	already contains the necessary objects.
 
+--full-tree::
+	This option will cause fast-export to issue a "deleteall"
+	directive for each commit followed by a full list of all files
+	in the commit (as opposed to just listing the files which are
+	different from the commit's first parent).
+
 [git-rev-list-args...]::
        A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
        'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index 77a0a2481a..966ba4f213 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -482,9 +482,11 @@ External data format::
 	'M' SP <mode> SP <dataref> SP <path> LF
 ....
 +
-Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
+Here usually `<dataref>` must be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
 set by a prior `blob` command, or a full 40-byte SHA-1 of an
-existing Git blob object.
+existing Git blob object.  If `<mode>` is `040000`` then
+`<dataref>` must be the full 40-byte SHA-1 of an existing
+Git tree object or a mark reference set with `--import-marks`.
 
 Inline data format::
 	The data content for the file has not been supplied yet.
@@ -509,6 +511,8 @@ in octal.  Git only supports the following modes:
 * `160000`: A gitlink, SHA-1 of the object refers to a commit in
   another repository. Git links can only be specified by SHA or through
   a commit mark. They are used to implement submodules.
+* `040000`: A subdirectory.  Subdirectories can only be specified by
+  SHA or through a tree mark set with `--import-marks`.
 
 In both formats `<path>` is the complete path of the file to be added
 (if not already existing) or modified (if already existing).
diff --git a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
index 6904739a48..51edeecbe5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --no-filters::
 	Hash the contents as is, ignoring any input filter that would
-	have been chosen by the attributes mechanism, including crlf
+	have been chosen by the attributes mechanism, including the end-of-line
 	conversion. If the file is read from standard input then this
 	is always implied, unless the --path option is given.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index be23ad2359..45c52d2e57 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -199,6 +199,9 @@ rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.
 
+rebase.autosquash::
+	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 <newbase>::
@@ -250,6 +253,13 @@ on top of the <upstream> branch using the given strategy, using
 the 'ours' strategy simply discards all patches from the <branch>,
 which makes little sense.
 
+-X <strategy-option>::
+--strategy-option=<strategy-option>::
+	Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy.
+	This implies `\--merge` and, if no strategy has been
+	specified, `-s recursive`.  Note the reversal of 'ours' and
+	'theirs' as noted in above for the `-m` option.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Be quiet. Implies --no-stat.
@@ -326,6 +336,7 @@ idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below).
 	instead.
 
 --autosquash::
+--no-autosquash::
 	When the commit log message begins with "squash! ..." (or
 	"fixup! ..."), and there is a commit whose title begins with
 	the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i
@@ -334,6 +345,10 @@ idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below).
 	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).
 +
 This option is only valid when the '--interactive' option is used.
++
+If the '--autosquash' option is enabled by default using the
+configuration variable `rebase.autosquash`, this option can be
+used to override and disable this setting.
 
 --no-ff::
 	With --interactive, cherry-pick all rebased commits instead of
@@ -459,6 +474,30 @@ sure that the current HEAD is "B", and call
 $ git rebase -i -p --onto Q O
 -----------------------------
 
+Reordering and editing commits usually creates untested intermediate
+steps.  You may want to check that your history editing did not break
+anything by running a test, or at least recompiling at intermediate
+points in history by using the "exec" command (shortcut "x").  You may
+do so by creating a todo list like this one:
+
+-------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee Implement feature XXX
+fixup f1a5c00 Fix to feature XXX
+exec make
+pick c0ffeee The oneline of the next commit
+edit deadbab The oneline of the commit after
+exec cd subdir; make test
+...
+-------------------------------------------
+
+The interactive rebase will stop when a command fails (i.e. exits with
+non-0 status) to give you an opportunity to fix the problem. You can
+continue with `git rebase --continue`.
+
+The "exec" command launches the command in a shell (the one specified
+in `$SHELL`, or the default shell if `$SHELL` is not set), so you can
+use shell features (like "cd", ">", ";" ...). The command is run from
+the root of the working tree.
 
 SPLITTING COMMITS
 -----------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index b04d129b3f..9cf31485fe 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ Keep changes in working tree while discarding some previous commits::
 Suppose you are working on something and you commit it, and then you
 continue working a bit more, but now you think that what you have in
 your working tree should be in another branch that has nothing to do
-with what you commited previously. You can start a new branch and
+with what you committed previously. You can start a new branch and
 reset it while keeping the changes in your work tree.
 +
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index 2fd054c104..dae190a5f2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -55,7 +55,11 @@ specified.
 
 --ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
 	Ignore changes to submodules when looking for changes. <when> can be
-	either "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default. When
+	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
+	Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
+	untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
+	in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
+	'ignore' option in linkgit:git-config[1] or linkgit:gitmodules[5]. When
 	"untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only
 	contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified
 	content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules,
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index c28a7ecc4d..531789321c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -44,9 +44,10 @@ unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
 branch of the `git.git` repository.
 Documentation for older releases are available here:
 
-* link:v1.7.2.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.1]
+* link:v1.7.2.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.2]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes-1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
   link:RelNotes-1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
   link:RelNotes-1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
 
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index 564586b943..2e2370ccdb 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -441,6 +441,8 @@ patterns are available:
 
 - `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages.
 
+- `csharp` suitable for source code in the C# language.
+
 - `html` suitable for HTML/XHTML documents.
 
 - `java` suitable for source code in the Java language.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index 72a13d18e0..bcffd95ada 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -44,6 +44,21 @@ submodule.<name>.update::
 	This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given
 	the '--merge' or '--rebase' options.
 
+submodule.<name>.ignore::
+	Defines under what circumstances "git status" and the diff family show
+	a submodule as modified. When set to "all", it will never be considered
+	modified, "dirty" will ignore all changes to the submodules work tree and
+	takes only differences between the HEAD of the submodule and the commit
+	recorded in the superproject into account. "untracked" will additionally
+	let submodules with modified tracked files in their work tree show up.
+	Using "none" (the default when this option is not set) also shows
+	submodules that have untracked files in their work tree as changed.
+	If this option is also present in the submodules entry in .git/config of
+	the superproject, the setting there will override the one found in
+	.gitmodules.
+	Both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
+	"--ignore-submodule" option.
+
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 3cd32d6803..eb3d040783 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
 directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
 `<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
 also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
-ascii file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
+ASCII file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
 real git repository).
 
 objects::
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
index ff5c0bc27a..6fd711996a 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ reverting W.  Mainline's history would look like this:
    A---B---C
 
 But if you don't actually need to change commit A, then you need some way to
-recreate it as a new commit with the same changes in it.  The rebase commmand's
+recreate it as a new commit with the same changes in it.  The rebase command's
 --no-ff option provides a way to do this:
 
     $ git rebase [-i] --no-ff P
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
index 55b728632c..14af37c3f1 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ information.
 
 * `data` can be anything the `fn` callback would want to use.
 
+* `show_all_errors` tells whether to stop at the first error or not.
+
 Initializing
 ------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt
index 1dcd1e7f1e..289019478d 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 
-For local respositories, also supported by git natively, the following
+For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following
 syntaxes may be used:
 
 - /path/to/repo.git/
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index fbc658143c..32e3eb385d 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1894,7 +1894,7 @@ builtin/init-db.s builtin/init-db.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 
 config.s config.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DETC_GITCONFIG='"$(ETC_GITCONFIG_SQ)"'
 
-http.s http.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DGIT_USER_AGENT='"git/$(GIT_VERSION)"'
+http.s http.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DGIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT='"git/$(GIT_VERSION)"'
 
 ifdef NO_EXPAT
 http-walker.s http-walker.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DNO_EXPAT
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index a479abbc60..028ad79e1f 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.2.1.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes-1.7.2.2.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/alias.c b/alias.c
index 372b7d8093..eb9f08b912 100644
--- a/alias.c
+++ b/alias.c
@@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ char *alias_lookup(const char *alias)
 	return alias_val;
 }
 
+#define SPLIT_CMDLINE_BAD_ENDING 1
+#define SPLIT_CMDLINE_UNCLOSED_QUOTE 2
+static const char *split_cmdline_errors[] = {
+	"cmdline ends with \\",
+	"unclosed quote"
+};
+
 int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 {
 	int src, dst, count = 0, size = 16;
@@ -53,7 +60,7 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 				if (!c) {
 					free(*argv);
 					*argv = NULL;
-					return error("cmdline ends with \\");
+					return -SPLIT_CMDLINE_BAD_ENDING;
 				}
 			}
 			cmdline[dst++] = c;
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 	if (quoted) {
 		free(*argv);
 		*argv = NULL;
-		return error("unclosed quote");
+		return -SPLIT_CMDLINE_UNCLOSED_QUOTE;
 	}
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
@@ -75,3 +82,6 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 	return count;
 }
 
+const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int split_cmdline_errno) {
+	return split_cmdline_errors[-split_cmdline_errno-1];
+}
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index d700af3b62..edd68534fa 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ static void format_subst(const struct commit *commit,
 	struct strbuf fmt = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 	ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+	ctx.abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
 
 	if (src == buf->buf)
 		to_free = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
index b556b11610..060c042f8b 100644
--- a/bisect.c
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ static void show_list(const char *debug, int counted, int nr,
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long size;
 		char *buf = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-		char *ep, *sp;
+		const char *subject_start;
+		int subject_len;
 
 		fprintf(stderr, "%c%c%c ",
 			(flags & TREESAME) ? ' ' : 'T',
@@ -156,13 +157,9 @@ static void show_list(const char *debug, int counted, int nr,
 			fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", 8,
 				sha1_to_hex(pp->item->object.sha1));
 
-		sp = strstr(buf, "\n\n");
-		if (sp) {
-			sp += 2;
-			for (ep = sp; *ep && *ep != '\n'; ep++)
-				;
-			fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", (int)(ep - sp), sp);
-		}
+		subject_len = find_commit_subject(buf, &subject_start);
+		if (subject_len)
+			fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", subject_len, subject_start);
 		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 	}
 }
diff --git a/branch.c b/branch.c
index 2ab42aaf4d..93dc866f8c 100644
--- a/branch.c
+++ b/branch.c
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ void create_branch(const char *head,
 			dont_change_ref = 1;
 		else if (!force)
 			die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", name);
-		else if (!is_bare_repository() && !strcmp(head, name))
+		else if (!is_bare_repository() && head && !strcmp(head, name))
 			die("Cannot force update the current branch.");
 		forcing = 1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/apply.c b/builtin/apply.c
index 12ef9ea8af..470520bde7 100644
--- a/builtin/apply.c
+++ b/builtin/apply.c
@@ -2979,8 +2979,7 @@ static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 		else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1))
 			/* git diff has no index line for mode/type changes */
 			if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
-				if (get_current_sha1(patch->new_name, sha1) ||
-				    get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
+				if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
 					die("mode change for %s, which is not "
 						"in current HEAD", name);
 				sha1_ptr = sha1;
@@ -3607,11 +3606,11 @@ static int option_parse_directory(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
+int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix_)
 {
 	int i;
 	int errs = 0;
-	int is_not_gitdir;
+	int is_not_gitdir = !startup_info->have_repository;
 	int binary;
 	int force_apply = 0;
 
@@ -3684,7 +3683,7 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
-	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&is_not_gitdir);
+	prefix = prefix_;
 	prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 	git_config(git_apply_config, NULL);
 	if (apply_default_whitespace)
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index 01e62fdeb0..101535448f 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -1407,7 +1407,8 @@ static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
 			    int detailed)
 {
 	int len;
-	char *tmp, *endp, *reencoded, *message;
+	const char *subject;
+	char *reencoded, *message;
 	static char author_name[1024];
 	static char author_mail[1024];
 	static char committer_name[1024];
@@ -1449,22 +1450,13 @@ static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
 		    &ret->committer_time, &ret->committer_tz);
 
 	ret->summary = summary_buf;
-	tmp = strstr(message, "\n\n");
-	if (!tmp) {
-	error_out:
+	len = find_commit_subject(message, &subject);
+	if (len && len < sizeof(summary_buf)) {
+		memcpy(summary_buf, subject, len);
+		summary_buf[len] = 0;
+	} else {
 		sprintf(summary_buf, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-		free(reencoded);
-		return;
 	}
-	tmp += 2;
-	endp = strchr(tmp, '\n');
-	if (!endp)
-		endp = tmp + strlen(tmp);
-	len = endp - tmp;
-	if (len >= sizeof(summary_buf) || len == 0)
-		goto error_out;
-	memcpy(summary_buf, tmp, len);
-	summary_buf[len] = 0;
 	free(reencoded);
 }
 
@@ -2376,11 +2368,11 @@ int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 *
 	 * The remaining are:
 	 *
-	 * (1) if dashdash_pos != 0, its either
+	 * (1) if dashdash_pos != 0, it is either
 	 *     "blame [revisions] -- <path>" or
 	 *     "blame -- <path> <rev>"
 	 *
-	 * (2) otherwise, its one of the two:
+	 * (2) otherwise, it is one of the two:
 	 *     "blame [revisions] <path>"
 	 *     "blame <path> <rev>"
 	 *
diff --git a/builtin/bundle.c b/builtin/bundle.c
index 2006cc5cd5..80649ba0b2 100644
--- a/builtin/bundle.c
+++ b/builtin/bundle.c
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ static const char builtin_bundle_usage[] =
 int cmd_bundle(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct bundle_header header;
-	int nongit;
 	const char *cmd, *bundle_file;
 	int bundle_fd = -1;
 	char buffer[PATH_MAX];
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ int cmd_bundle(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc -= 2;
 	argv += 2;
 
-	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 	if (prefix && bundle_file[0] != '/') {
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/%s", prefix, bundle_file);
 		bundle_file = buffer;
@@ -54,11 +52,11 @@ int cmd_bundle(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return !!list_bundle_refs(&header, argc, argv);
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(cmd, "create")) {
-		if (nongit)
+		if (!startup_info->have_repository)
 			die("Need a repository to create a bundle.");
 		return !!create_bundle(&header, bundle_file, argc, argv);
 	} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "unbundle")) {
-		if (nongit)
+		if (!startup_info->have_repository)
 			die("Need a repository to unbundle.");
 		return !!unbundle(&header, bundle_fd) ||
 			list_bundle_refs(&header, argc, argv);
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index 1994be92c6..7250e5c23c 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ struct checkout_opts {
 	int writeout_stage;
 	int writeout_error;
 
+	/* not set by parse_options */
+	int branch_exists;
+
 	const char *new_branch;
+	const char *new_branch_force;
 	const char *new_orphan_branch;
 	int new_branch_log;
 	enum branch_track track;
@@ -279,7 +283,6 @@ static void show_local_changes(struct object *head)
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	/* I think we want full paths, even if we're in a subdirectory. */
 	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
-	rev.abbrev = 0;
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
 	if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
 		die("diff_setup_done failed");
@@ -373,7 +376,7 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 		topts.src_index = &the_index;
 		topts.dst_index = &the_index;
 
-		topts.msgs.not_uptodate_file = "You have local changes to '%s'; cannot switch branches.";
+		set_porcelain_error_msgs(topts.msgs, "checkout");
 
 		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 
@@ -392,6 +395,7 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 		topts.dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*topts.dir));
 		topts.dir->flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
 		topts.dir->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
+		topts.show_all_errors = 1;
 		tree = parse_tree_indirect(old->commit ?
 					   old->commit->object.sha1 :
 					   (unsigned char *)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
@@ -511,7 +515,8 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			}
 		}
 		else
-			create_branch(old->name, opts->new_branch, new->name, 0,
+			create_branch(old->name, opts->new_branch, new->name,
+				      opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
 				      opts->new_branch_log, opts->track);
 		new->name = opts->new_branch;
 		setup_branch_path(new);
@@ -529,9 +534,12 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			if (old->path && !strcmp(new->path, old->path))
 				fprintf(stderr, "Already on '%s'\n",
 					new->name);
-			else
+			else if (opts->new_branch)
 				fprintf(stderr, "Switched to%s branch '%s'\n",
-					opts->new_branch ? " a new" : "",
+					opts->branch_exists ? " and reset" : " a new",
+					new->name);
+			else
+				fprintf(stderr, "Switched to branch '%s'\n",
 					new->name);
 		}
 		if (old->path && old->name) {
@@ -657,7 +665,10 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int dwim_new_local_branch = 1;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet),
-		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "new branch", "branch"),
+		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "branch",
+			   "create and checkout a new branch"),
+		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, "branch",
+			   "create/reset and checkout a branch"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, "log for new branch"),
 		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, "track",
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
@@ -688,6 +699,14 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, checkout_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
+	/* we can assume from now on new_branch = !new_branch_force */
+	if (opts.new_branch && opts.new_branch_force)
+		die("-B cannot be used with -b");
+
+	/* copy -B over to -b, so that we can just check the latter */
+	if (opts.new_branch_force)
+		opts.new_branch = opts.new_branch_force;
+
 	if (patch_mode && (opts.track > 0 || opts.new_branch
 			   || opts.new_branch_log || opts.merge || opts.force))
 		die ("--patch is incompatible with all other options");
@@ -709,7 +728,7 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (opts.new_orphan_branch) {
 		if (opts.new_branch)
-			die("--orphan and -b are mutually exclusive");
+			die("--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive");
 		if (opts.track > 0)
 			die("--orphan cannot be used with -t");
 		opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
@@ -858,8 +877,12 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(&buf, opts.new_branch))
 			die("git checkout: we do not like '%s' as a branch name.",
 			    opts.new_branch);
-		if (!get_sha1(buf.buf, rev))
-			die("git checkout: branch %s already exists", opts.new_branch);
+		if (!get_sha1(buf.buf, rev)) {
+			opts.branch_exists = 1;
+			if (!opts.new_branch_force)
+				die("git checkout: branch %s already exists",
+				    opts.new_branch);
+		}
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index fac64e6cd3..b508d2cab4 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 
 static int force = -1; /* unset */
 
 static const char *const builtin_clean_usage[] = {
-	"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>...",
+	"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>...",
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -26,6 +27,13 @@ static int git_clean_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct string_list *exclude_list = opt->value;
+	string_list_append(exclude_list, arg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -36,6 +44,7 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 	static const char **pathspec;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list exclude_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
 	const char *qname;
 	char *seen = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
@@ -44,6 +53,8 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force", &force, "force"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
 				"remove whole directories"),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, "pattern",
+		  "exclude <pattern>", PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &ignored, "remove ignored files, too"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
 				"remove only ignored files"),
@@ -81,6 +92,9 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!ignored)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++)
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, dir.exclude_list);
+
 	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
 
 	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
@@ -167,5 +181,6 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	free(seen);
 
 	strbuf_release(&directory);
+	string_list_clear(&exclude_list, 0);
 	return (errors != 0);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index 2bb30c0e80..66fdd22024 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
 	"git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
@@ -1073,6 +1074,7 @@ int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
 
 	wt_status_prepare(&s);
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_status_config, &s);
 	in_merge = file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"));
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
@@ -1163,7 +1165,6 @@ static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
 
-	rev.abbrev = 0;
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.diffopt.output_format =
 		DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index f3d1660d02..ca4a0db4a7 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ static char delim = '=';
 static char key_delim = ' ';
 static char term = '\n';
 
-static int use_global_config, use_system_config;
+static int use_global_config, use_system_config, use_local_config;
 static const char *given_config_file;
 static int actions, types;
 static const char *get_color_slot, *get_colorbool_slot;
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
 	OPT_GROUP("Config file location"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "global", &use_global_config, "use global config file"),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "system", &use_system_config, "use system config file"),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "local", &use_local_config, "use repository config file"),
 	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_file, "FILE", "use given config file"),
 	OPT_GROUP("Action"),
 	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, "get value: name [value-regex]", ACTION_GET),
@@ -330,11 +331,10 @@ static int get_colorbool(int print)
 		return get_colorbool_found ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
-int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
+int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int nongit;
+	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
 	char *value;
-	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 
 	config_exclusive_filename = getenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
 
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 			     builtin_config_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
 
-	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + !!given_config_file > 1) {
+	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config + !!given_config_file > 1) {
 		error("only one config file at a time.");
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
@@ -358,6 +358,8 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 	}
 	else if (use_system_config)
 		config_exclusive_filename = git_etc_gitconfig();
+	else if (use_local_config)
+		config_exclusive_filename = git_pathdup("config");
 	else if (given_config_file) {
 		if (!is_absolute_path(given_config_file) && prefix)
 			config_exclusive_filename = prefix_filename(prefix,
diff --git a/builtin/diff-files.c b/builtin/diff-files.c
index 5b64011de8..951c7c8994 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-files.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-files.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char diff_files_usage[] =
 "git diff-files [-q] [-0/-1/2/3 |-c|--cc] [<common diff options>] [<path>...]"
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	unsigned options = 0;
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 	rev.abbrev = 0;
 
diff --git a/builtin/diff-index.c b/builtin/diff-index.c
index 04837494fe..2eb32bd9da 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-index.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-index.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char diff_cache_usage[] =
 "git diff-index [-m] [--cached] "
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int result;
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 	rev.abbrev = 0;
 
diff --git a/builtin/diff-tree.c b/builtin/diff-tree.c
index 3c78bda566..0d2a3e9fa2 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-tree.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static struct rev_info log_tree_opt;
 
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int read_stdin = 0;
 
 	init_revisions(opt, prefix);
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 	opt->abbrev = 0;
 	opt->diff = 1;
diff --git a/builtin/diff.c b/builtin/diff.c
index 89ae89cde1..a43d326363 100644
--- a/builtin/diff.c
+++ b/builtin/diff.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 struct blobinfo {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -279,6 +280,7 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 */
 
 	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config, NULL);
 
 	if (diff_use_color_default == -1)
diff --git a/builtin/fast-export.c b/builtin/fast-export.c
index 9fe25ff0b3..66cafe6330 100644
--- a/builtin/fast-export.c
+++ b/builtin/fast-export.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
 static enum { ERROR, DROP, REWRITE } tag_of_filtered_mode = ABORT;
 static int fake_missing_tagger;
 static int no_data;
+static int full_tree;
 
 static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
 				     const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -241,7 +242,8 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 		message += 2;
 
 	if (commit->parents &&
-	    get_object_mark(&commit->parents->item->object) != 0) {
+	    get_object_mark(&commit->parents->item->object) != 0 &&
+	    !full_tree) {
 		parse_commit(commit->parents->item);
 		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->tree->object.sha1,
 			       commit->tree->object.sha1, "", &rev->diffopt);
@@ -281,6 +283,8 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 		i++;
 	}
 
+	if (full_tree)
+		printf("deleteall\n");
 	log_tree_diff_flush(rev);
 	rev->diffopt.output_format = saved_output_format;
 
@@ -565,8 +569,8 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
-	struct object_array commits = { 0, 0, NULL };
-	struct string_list extra_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct object_array commits = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	char *export_filename = NULL, *import_filename = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
@@ -584,6 +588,8 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     "Import marks from this file"),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
 			     "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			     "Output full tree for each commit"),
 		{ OPTION_NEGBIT, 0, "data", &no_data, NULL,
 			"Skip output of blob data",
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NEGHELP, NULL, 1 },
@@ -608,6 +614,9 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (import_filename)
 		import_marks(import_filename);
 
+	if (import_filename && revs.prune_data)
+		full_tree = 1;
+
 	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.pending, &extra_refs);
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 1b67f5fda5..ea14d5dc6b 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -544,40 +544,14 @@ static int will_fetch(struct ref **head, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct tag_data {
-	struct ref **head;
-	struct ref ***tail;
-};
-
-static int add_to_tail(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct tag_data *data = (struct tag_data *)cb_data;
-	struct ref *rm = NULL;
-
-	/* We have already decided to ignore this item */
-	if (!item->util)
-		return 0;
-
-	rm = alloc_ref(item->string);
-	rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->string);
-	hashcpy(rm->old_sha1, item->util);
-
-	**data->tail = rm;
-	*data->tail = &rm->next;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
 			struct ref **head,
 			struct ref ***tail)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
-	struct string_list remote_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
-	struct tag_data data;
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list remote_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const struct ref *ref;
 	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
-	data.head = head; data.tail = tail;
 
 	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
 	for (ref = transport_get_remote_refs(transport); ref; ref = ref->next) {
@@ -631,10 +605,20 @@ static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
 		item->util = NULL;
 
 	/*
-	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs string list, call
-	 * add_to_tail to add them to the list of refs to be fetched
+	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs string list,
+	 * add them to the list of refs to be fetched
 	 */
-	for_each_string_list(&remote_refs, add_to_tail, &data);
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &remote_refs) {
+		/* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
+		if (item->util)
+		{
+			struct ref *rm = alloc_ref(item->string);
+			rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->string);
+			hashcpy(rm->old_sha1, item->util);
+			**tail = rm;
+			*tail = &rm->next;
+		}
+	}
 
 	string_list_clear(&remote_refs, 0);
 }
@@ -667,7 +651,7 @@ static int truncate_fetch_head(void)
 static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		    struct refspec *refs, int ref_count)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct string_list_item *peer_item = NULL;
 	struct ref *ref_map;
 	struct ref *rm;
@@ -891,7 +875,7 @@ static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
-	struct string_list list = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	int result = 0;
 
diff --git a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
index bc3c5e6d3e..a76cd4e9d1 100644
--- a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ void init_src_data(struct src_data *data)
 	data->generic.strdup_strings = 1;
 }
 
-static struct string_list srcs = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
-static struct string_list origins = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+static struct string_list srcs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static struct string_list origins = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 static int handle_line(char *line)
 {
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 	int i, count = 0;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct object *branch;
-	struct string_list subjects = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list subjects = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	int flags = UNINTERESTING | TREESAME | SEEN | SHOWN | ADDED;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
diff --git a/builtin/for-each-ref.c b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
index a2b28c6962..89e75c6894 100644
--- a/builtin/for-each-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
@@ -228,7 +228,8 @@ static void grab_common_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object
 			v->s = s;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectname:short")) {
-			v->s = find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+			v->s = xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1,
+							  DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index 597f76bc42..da32f3df34 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -834,12 +834,12 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int external_grep_allowed__ignored;
 	const char *show_in_pager = NULL, *default_pager = "dummy";
 	struct grep_opt opt;
-	struct object_array list = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	struct object_array list = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	const char **paths = NULL;
-	struct string_list path_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list path_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	int i;
 	int dummy;
-	int nongit = 0, use_index = 1;
+	int use_index = 1;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
 			"search in index instead of in the work tree"),
@@ -930,8 +930,6 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
-	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
-
 	/*
 	 * 'git grep -h', unlike 'git grep -h <pattern>', is a request
 	 * to show usage information and exit.
@@ -976,7 +974,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION |
 			     PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
 
-	if (use_index && nongit)
+	if (use_index && !startup_info->have_repository)
 		/* die the same way as if we did it at the beginning */
 		setup_git_directory();
 
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index fad76bf7a8..2e680d7a7a 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -886,25 +886,9 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	read_replace_refs = 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * We wish to read the repository's config file if any, and
-	 * for that it is necessary to call setup_git_directory_gently().
-	 * However if the cwd was inside .git/objects/pack/ then we need
-	 * to go back there or all the pack name arguments will be wrong.
-	 * And in that case we cannot rely on any prefix returned by
-	 * setup_git_directory_gently() either.
-	 */
-	{
-		char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
-		int nongit;
-
-		if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
-			die("Unable to get current working directory");
-		setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
-		git_config(git_index_pack_config, NULL);
-		if (chdir(cwd))
-			die("Cannot come back to cwd");
-	}
+	git_config(git_index_pack_config, NULL);
+	if (prefix && chdir(prefix))
+		die("Cannot come back to cwd");
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index 08b872263c..eaa1ee0fa7 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ static void cmd_log_init(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		rev->show_decorations = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(decoration_style);
 	}
+	setup_pager();
 }
 
 /*
@@ -491,12 +492,6 @@ int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	rev.use_terminator = 1;
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
 
-	/*
-	 * We get called through "git reflog", so unlike the other log
-	 * routines, we need to set up our pager manually..
-	 */
-	setup_pager();
-
 	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index cc202c5f6f..bb4f612b3d 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -172,33 +172,32 @@ static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
 	}
 }
 
-static int show_one_ru(struct string_list_item *item, void *cbdata)
-{
-	const char *path = item->string;
-	struct resolve_undo_info *ui = item->util;
-	int i, len;
-
-	len = strlen(path);
-	if (len < max_prefix_len)
-		return 0; /* outside of the prefix */
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, path, len, max_prefix_len, ps_matched))
-		return 0; /* uninterested */
-	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-		if (!ui->mode[i])
-			continue;
-		printf("%s%06o %s %d\t", tag_resolve_undo, ui->mode[i],
-		       find_unique_abbrev(ui->sha1[i], abbrev),
-		       i + 1);
-		write_name(path, len);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static void show_ru_info(void)
 {
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
 	if (!the_index.resolve_undo)
 		return;
-	for_each_string_list(the_index.resolve_undo, show_one_ru, NULL);
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, the_index.resolve_undo) {
+		const char *path = item->string;
+		struct resolve_undo_info *ui = item->util;
+		int i, len;
+
+		len = strlen(path);
+		if (len < max_prefix_len)
+			continue; /* outside of the prefix */
+		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, path, len, max_prefix_len, ps_matched))
+			continue; /* uninterested */
+		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+			if (!ui->mode[i])
+				continue;
+			printf("%s%06o %s %d\t", tag_resolve_undo, ui->mode[i],
+			       find_unique_abbrev(ui->sha1[i], abbrev),
+			       i + 1);
+			write_name(path, len);
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
diff --git a/builtin/ls-remote.c b/builtin/ls-remote.c
index 34480cfad6..97eed4012b 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-remote.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-remote.c
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *dest = NULL;
-	int nongit;
 	unsigned flags = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
 	const char *uploadpack = NULL;
@@ -42,8 +41,6 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct transport *transport;
 	const struct ref *ref;
 
-	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
-
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
diff --git a/builtin/mailsplit.c b/builtin/mailsplit.c
index e4560da191..99654d0222 100644
--- a/builtin/mailsplit.c
+++ b/builtin/mailsplit.c
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
 	char name[PATH_MAX];
 	int ret = -1;
 	int i;
-	struct string_list list = {NULL, 0, 0, 1};
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	if (populate_maildir_list(&list, maildir) < 0)
 		goto out;
diff --git a/builtin/merge-file.c b/builtin/merge-file.c
index b8e9e5ba01..b6664d49be 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-file.c
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	xmparam_t xmp = {{0}};
 	int ret = 0, i = 0, to_stdout = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
-	int nongit;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, "send results to standard output"),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, "use a diff3 based merge", XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
@@ -50,8 +49,7 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	xmp.style = 0;
 	xmp.favor = 0;
 
-	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
-	if (!nongit) {
+	if (startup_info->have_repository) {
 		/* Read the configuration file */
 		git_config(git_xmerge_config, NULL);
 		if (0 <= git_xmerge_style)
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index 37ce4f589f..47e705ba9b 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -486,7 +486,8 @@ static int git_merge_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 		buf = xstrdup(v);
 		argc = split_cmdline(buf, &argv);
 		if (argc < 0)
-			die("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string", branch);
+			die("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s", branch,
+			    split_cmdline_strerror(argc));
 		argv = xrealloc(argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 2));
 		memmove(argv + 1, argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 1));
 		argc++;
@@ -704,7 +705,8 @@ int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head, const unsigned char *remote
 	opts.verbose_update = 1;
 	opts.merge = 1;
 	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
-	opts.msgs = get_porcelain_error_msgs();
+	opts.show_all_errors = 1;
+	set_porcelain_error_msgs(opts.msgs, "merge");
 
 	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
 	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index 38574b89f7..cdbb09473c 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path;
 	enum update_mode { BOTH = 0, WORKING_DIRECTORY, INDEX } *modes;
 	struct stat st;
-	struct string_list src_for_dst = {NULL, 0, 0, 0};
+	struct string_list src_for_dst = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
diff --git a/builtin/name-rev.c b/builtin/name-rev.c
index 06a38ac8c1..31f5c1c971 100644
--- a/builtin/name-rev.c
+++ b/builtin/name-rev.c
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ static void name_rev_line(char *p, struct name_ref_data *data)
 
 int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct object_array revs = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	struct object_array revs = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0;
 	struct name_ref_data data = { 0, 0, NULL };
 	struct option opts[] = {
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index d634b5a3d5..760817dbd7 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ static void check_aliased_update(struct command *cmd, struct string_list *list)
 static void check_aliased_updates(struct command *commands)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
-	struct string_list ref_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list ref_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		struct string_list_item *item =
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index 6699bc5712..48e0a6bf26 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ static int add_branch(const char *key, const char *branchname,
 static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int fetch = 0, mirror = 0, fetch_tags = TAGS_DEFAULT;
-	struct string_list track = { NULL, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list track = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const char *master = NULL;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, buf2 = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 	};
 	struct remote *oldremote, *newremote;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, buf2 = STRBUF_INIT, buf3 = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct string_list remote_branches = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list remote_branches = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct rename_info rename;
 	int i;
 
@@ -734,8 +734,8 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv)
 	struct remote *remote;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct known_remotes known_remotes = { NULL, NULL };
-	struct string_list branches = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
-	struct string_list skipped = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list branches = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list skipped = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct branches_for_remote cb_data;
 	int i, result;
 
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct ref_states states;
-	struct string_list info_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list info_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct show_info info;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_show_usage,
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@ static int get_one_entry(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
 
 static int show_all(void)
 {
-	struct string_list list = { NULL, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	int result;
 
 	list.strdup_strings = 1;
diff --git a/builtin/rerere.c b/builtin/rerere.c
index 39ad60169d..67793fa2c7 100644
--- a/builtin/rerere.c
+++ b/builtin/rerere.c
@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ static time_t rerere_created_at(const char *name)
 	return stat(rerere_path(name, "preimage"), &st) ? (time_t) 0 : st.st_mtime;
 }
 
+static time_t rerere_last_used_at(const char *name)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	return stat(rerere_path(name, "postimage"), &st) ? (time_t) 0 : st.st_mtime;
+}
+
 static void unlink_rr_item(const char *name)
 {
 	unlink(rerere_path(name, "thisimage"));
@@ -40,7 +46,7 @@ static int git_rerere_gc_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 static void garbage_collect(struct string_list *rr)
 {
-	struct string_list to_remove = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list to_remove = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *e;
 	int i, cutoff;
@@ -53,11 +59,16 @@ static void garbage_collect(struct string_list *rr)
 	while ((e = readdir(dir))) {
 		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
 			continue;
-		then = rerere_created_at(e->d_name);
-		if (!then)
-			continue;
-		cutoff = (has_rerere_resolution(e->d_name)
-			  ? cutoff_resolve : cutoff_noresolve);
+
+		then = rerere_last_used_at(e->d_name);
+		if (then) {
+			cutoff = cutoff_resolve;
+		} else {
+			then = rerere_created_at(e->d_name);
+			if (!then)
+				continue;
+			cutoff = cutoff_noresolve;
+		}
 		if (then < now - cutoff * 86400)
 			string_list_append(&to_remove, e->d_name);
 	}
@@ -102,7 +113,7 @@ static int diff_two(const char *file1, const char *label1,
 
 int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct string_list merge_rr = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list merge_rr = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	int i, fd, flags = 0;
 
 	if (2 < argc) {
diff --git a/builtin/revert.c b/builtin/revert.c
index 8b9d829a73..9215e66504 100644
--- a/builtin/revert.c
+++ b/builtin/revert.c
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ struct commit_message {
 static int get_message(const char *raw_message, struct commit_message *out)
 {
 	const char *encoding;
-	const char *p, *abbrev, *eol;
+	const char *abbrev, *subject;
+	int abbrev_len, subject_len;
 	char *q;
-	int abbrev_len, oneline_len;
 
 	if (!raw_message)
 		return -1;
@@ -125,27 +125,17 @@ static int get_message(const char *raw_message, struct commit_message *out)
 	abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 	abbrev_len = strlen(abbrev);
 
-	/* Find beginning and end of commit subject. */
-	p = out->message;
-	while (*p && (*p != '\n' || p[1] != '\n'))
-		p++;
-	if (*p) {
-		p += 2;
-		for (eol = p + 1; *eol && *eol != '\n'; eol++)
-			; /* do nothing */
-	} else
-		eol = p;
-	oneline_len = eol - p;
+	subject_len = find_commit_subject(out->message, &subject);
 
 	out->parent_label = xmalloc(strlen("parent of ") + abbrev_len +
-			      strlen("... ") + oneline_len + 1);
+			      strlen("... ") + subject_len + 1);
 	q = out->parent_label;
 	q = mempcpy(q, "parent of ", strlen("parent of "));
 	out->label = q;
 	q = mempcpy(q, abbrev, abbrev_len);
 	q = mempcpy(q, "... ", strlen("... "));
 	out->subject = q;
-	q = mempcpy(q, p, oneline_len);
+	q = mempcpy(q, subject, subject_len);
 	*q = '\0';
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/shortlog.c b/builtin/shortlog.c
index 0a9681ba7e..2135b0dde1 100644
--- a/builtin/shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin/shortlog.c
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	static struct shortlog log;
 	static struct rev_info rev;
-	int nongit;
+	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
 
 	static const struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
@@ -265,7 +265,6 @@ int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 
-	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	shortlog_init(&log);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/show-ref.c b/builtin/show-ref.c
index 0b2a9ad1a9..be9b512eeb 100644
--- a/builtin/show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/show-ref.c
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag
  */
 static int exclude_existing(const char *match)
 {
-	static struct string_list existing_refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	char buf[1024];
 	int matchlen = match ? strlen(match) : 0;
 
diff --git a/builtin/var.c b/builtin/var.c
index 70fdb4dec7..0744bb8318 100644
--- a/builtin/var.c
+++ b/builtin/var.c
@@ -74,14 +74,9 @@ static int show_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 int cmd_var(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *val;
-	int nongit;
-	if (argc != 2) {
+	const char *val = NULL;
+	if (argc != 2)
 		usage(var_usage);
-	}
-
-	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
-	val = NULL;
 
 	if (strcmp(argv[1], "-l") == 0) {
 		git_config(show_config, NULL);
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
index d91743775d..c60cf9140d 100644
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -328,9 +328,11 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 			mode = ce->ce_mode;
 			entlen = pathlen - baselen;
 		}
-		if (mode != S_IFGITLINK && !missing_ok && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		if (mode != S_IFGITLINK && !missing_ok && !has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
+			strbuf_release(&buffer);
 			return error("invalid object %06o %s for '%.*s'",
 				mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1), entlen+baselen, path);
+		}
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
 			continue; /* entry being removed */
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 37ef9d8a00..733d4d1c81 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -179,8 +179,7 @@ struct cache_entry {
 #define CE_UNHASHED  (0x200000)
 #define CE_CONFLICTED (0x800000)
 
-/* Only remove in work directory, not index */
-#define CE_WT_REMOVE (0x400000)
+#define CE_WT_REMOVE (0x400000) /* remove in work directory */
 
 #define CE_UNPACKED  (0x1000000)
 
@@ -641,6 +640,9 @@ extern char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
 /* Return a statically allocated filename matching the sha1 signature */
 extern char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern char *git_path_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+
 extern char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern char *sha1_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
@@ -1097,6 +1099,14 @@ void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix);
 
 char *alias_lookup(const char *alias);
 int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv);
+/* Takes a negative value returned by split_cmdline */
+const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int cmdline_errno);
+
+/* git.c */
+struct startup_info {
+	int have_repository;
+};
+extern struct startup_info *startup_info;
 
 /* builtin/merge.c */
 int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from, const unsigned char *to);
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index e9b0750967..0094ec1c92 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -315,6 +315,25 @@ int parse_commit(struct commit *item)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int find_commit_subject(const char *commit_buffer, const char **subject)
+{
+	const char *eol;
+	const char *p = commit_buffer;
+
+	while (*p && (*p != '\n' || p[1] != '\n'))
+		p++;
+	if (*p) {
+		p += 2;
+		for (eol = p; *eol && *eol != '\n'; eol++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+	} else
+		eol = p;
+
+	*subject = p;
+
+	return eol - p;
+}
+
 struct commit_list *commit_list_insert(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list_p)
 {
 	struct commit_list *new_list = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index eb2b8ac3cd..9113bbe488 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
 int parse_commit(struct commit *item);
 
+/* Find beginning and length of commit subject. */
+int find_commit_subject(const char *commit_buffer, const char **subject);
+
 struct commit_list * commit_list_insert(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list_p);
 unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l);
 struct commit_list * insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct commit_list **list);
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index 9a8e336582..f2d9e1fd97 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -304,8 +304,13 @@ int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 		goto revert_attrs;
 	}
 
-	time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
-	time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
+	if (times) {
+		time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
+		time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
+	} else {
+		GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&mft);
+		aft = mft;
+	}
 	if (!SetFileTime((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fh), NULL, &aft, &mft)) {
 		errno = EINVAL;
 		rc = -1;
@@ -641,7 +646,7 @@ static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, const char *cmd, int isexe, int exe_on
 }
 
 /*
- * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the the split path in path.
+ * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the split path in path.
  * If cmd contains a slash or backslash, no lookup is performed.
  */
 static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, char **path, int exe_only)
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
index 74c42e3162..87260d2642 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
@@ -2069,7 +2069,7 @@ static void init_malloc_global_mutex() {
   Each freshly allocated chunk must have both cinuse and pinuse set.
   That is, each allocated chunk borders either a previously allocated
   and still in-use chunk, or the base of its memory arena. This is
-  ensured by making all allocations from the the `lowest' part of any
+  ensured by making all allocations from the `lowest' part of any
   found chunk.  Further, no free chunk physically borders another one,
   so each free chunk is known to be preceded and followed by either
   inuse chunks or the ends of memory.
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex.c b/compat/regex/regex.c
index 556d8ab11f..be851fc502 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex.c
@@ -3122,7 +3122,7 @@ re_match (bufp, string, size, pos, regs)
 
 
 /* re_match_2 matches the compiled pattern in BUFP against the
-   the (virtual) concatenation of STRING1 and STRING2 (of length SIZE1
+   (virtual) concatenation of STRING1 and STRING2 (of length SIZE1
    and SIZE2, respectively).  We start matching at POS, and stop
    matching at STOP.
 
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh b/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
index 5c72f655c7..23ffb028d1 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ then
 	if test -z "$quiet"
 	then
 		commit=`git diff-tree --always --shortstat --pretty="format:%h: %s"\
-		       --summary --root HEAD --`
+		       --abbrev --summary --root HEAD --`
 		echo "Created${initial_commit:+ initial} commit $commit"
 	fi
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
index 09c524105c..0085086437 100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
+++ b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@
 #     "t=%s; printf 'http://.../?id=%%s' \$t; echo;echo; git show -C \$t; echo"
 #   Be careful if "..." contains things that will be expanded by shell "eval"
 #   or printf.
+# hooks.emailmaxlines
+#   The maximum number of lines that should be included in the generated
+#   email body. If not specified, there is no limit.
+#   Lines beyond the limit are suppressed and counted, and a final
+#   line is added indicating the number of suppressed lines.
 #
 # Notes
 # -----
@@ -84,6 +89,7 @@ generate_email()
 	oldrev=$(git rev-parse $1)
 	newrev=$(git rev-parse $2)
 	refname="$3"
+	maxlines=$4
 
 	# --- Interpret
 	# 0000->1234 (create)
@@ -192,7 +198,12 @@ generate_email()
 		fn_name=atag
 		;;
 	esac
-	generate_${change_type}_${fn_name}_email
+
+	if [ -z "$maxlines" ]; then
+		generate_${change_type}_${fn_name}_email
+	else
+		generate_${change_type}_${fn_name}_email | limit_lines $maxlines
+	fi
 
 	generate_email_footer
 }
@@ -642,6 +653,24 @@ show_new_revisions()
 }
 
 
+limit_lines()
+{
+	lines=0
+	skipped=0
+	while IFS="" read -r line; do
+		lines=$((lines + 1))
+		if [ $lines -gt $1 ]; then
+			skipped=$((skipped + 1))
+		else
+			printf "%s\n" "$line"
+		fi
+	done
+	if [ $skipped -ne 0 ]; then
+		echo "... $skipped lines suppressed ..."
+	fi
+}
+
+
 send_mail()
 {
 	if [ -n "$envelopesender" ]; then
@@ -679,6 +708,7 @@ announcerecipients=$(git config hooks.announcelist)
 envelopesender=$(git config hooks.envelopesender)
 emailprefix=$(git config hooks.emailprefix || echo '[SCM] ')
 custom_showrev=$(git config hooks.showrev)
+maxlines=$(git config hooks.emailmaxlines)
 
 # --- Main loop
 # Allow dual mode: run from the command line just like the update hook, or
@@ -691,6 +721,6 @@ if [ -n "$1" -a -n "$2" -a -n "$3" ]; then
 else
 	while read oldrev newrev refname
 	do
-		generate_email $oldrev $newrev $refname | send_mail
+		generate_email $oldrev $newrev $refname $maxlines | send_mail
 	done
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
index 993cacf324..3ad2c0cea5 100755
--- a/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
+++ b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ then
 	die "destination directory '$new_workdir' already exists."
 fi
 
-# make sure the the links use full paths
+# make sure the links use full paths
 git_dir=$(cd "$git_dir"; pwd)
 
 # create the workdir
 mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git" || die "unable to create \"$new_workdir\"!"
 
-# create the links to the original repo.  explictly exclude index, HEAD and
+# create the links to the original repo.  explicitly exclude index, HEAD and
 # logs/HEAD from the list since they are purely related to the current working
 # directory, and should not be shared.
 for x in config refs logs/refs objects info hooks packed-refs remotes rr-cache svn
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
index 8b8978ae6d..392ce2bef0 100644
--- a/diff-lib.c
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -68,11 +68,16 @@ static int match_stat_with_submodule(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 				      unsigned ce_option, unsigned *dirty_submodule)
 {
 	int changed = ce_match_stat(ce, st, ce_option);
-	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)
-	    && !DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES)
-	    && !DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES)
-	    && (!changed || DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, DIRTY_SUBMODULES))) {
-		*dirty_submodule = is_submodule_modified(ce->name, DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, IGNORE_UNTRACKED_IN_SUBMODULES));
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+		unsigned orig_flags = diffopt->flags;
+		if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG))
+			set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(diffopt, ce->name);
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES))
+			changed = 0;
+		else if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES)
+		    && (!changed || DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, DIRTY_SUBMODULES)))
+			*dirty_submodule = is_submodule_modified(ce->name, DIFF_OPT_TST(diffopt, IGNORE_UNTRACKED_IN_SUBMODULES));
+		diffopt->flags = orig_flags;
 	}
 	return changed;
 }
diff --git a/diff-no-index.c b/diff-no-index.c
index 43aeeba2e0..ce9e783407 100644
--- a/diff-no-index.c
+++ b/diff-no-index.c
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) || S_ISDIR(mode2)) {
 		char buffer1[PATH_MAX], buffer2[PATH_MAX];
-		struct string_list p1 = {NULL, 0, 0, 1}, p2 = {NULL, 0, 0, 1};
+		struct string_list p1 = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		struct string_list p2 = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 		int len1 = 0, len2 = 0, i1, i2, ret = 0;
 
 		if (name1 && read_directory(name1, &p1))
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index bf65892f78..6fb97d4623 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ static const char *external_diff_cmd_cfg;
 int diff_auto_refresh_index = 1;
 static int diff_mnemonic_prefix;
 static int diff_no_prefix;
+static struct diff_options default_diff_options;
 
 static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
@@ -107,6 +108,9 @@ int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.wordregex"))
 		return git_config_string(&diff_word_regex_cfg, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.ignoresubmodules"))
+		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&default_diff_options, value);
+
 	return git_diff_basic_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -141,6 +145,9 @@ int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
+
 	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -2819,7 +2826,7 @@ static void run_checkdiff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
 
 void diff_setup(struct diff_options *options)
 {
-	memset(options, 0, sizeof(*options));
+	memcpy(options, &default_diff_options, sizeof(*options));
 
 	options->file = stdout;
 
@@ -2995,9 +3002,100 @@ static int opt_arg(const char *arg, int arg_short, const char *arg_long, int *va
 
 static int diff_scoreopt_parse(const char *opt);
 
+static inline int short_opt(char opt, const char **argv,
+			    const char **optarg)
+{
+	const char *arg = argv[0];
+	if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] != opt)
+		return 0;
+	if (arg[2] != '\0') {
+		*optarg = arg + 2;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!argv[1])
+		die("Option '%c' requires a value", opt);
+	*optarg = argv[1];
+	return 2;
+}
+
+int parse_long_opt(const char *opt, const char **argv,
+		   const char **optarg)
+{
+	const char *arg = argv[0];
+	if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] != '-')
+		return 0;
+	arg += strlen("--");
+	if (prefixcmp(arg, opt))
+		return 0;
+	arg += strlen(opt);
+	if (*arg == '=') { /* sticked form: --option=value */
+		*optarg = arg + 1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (*arg != '\0')
+		return 0;
+	/* separate form: --option value */
+	if (!argv[1])
+		die("Option '--%s' requires a value", opt);
+	*optarg = argv[1];
+	return 2;
+}
+
+static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
+{
+	const char *arg = av[0];
+	char *end;
+	int width = options->stat_width;
+	int name_width = options->stat_name_width;
+	int argcount = 1;
+
+	arg += strlen("--stat");
+	end = (char *)arg;
+
+	switch (*arg) {
+	case '-':
+		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-width")) {
+			arg += strlen("-width");
+			if (*arg == '=')
+				width = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
+			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
+				die("Option '--stat-width' requires a value");
+			else if (!*arg) {
+				width = strtoul(av[1], &end, 10);
+				argcount = 2;
+			}
+		} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-name-width")) {
+			arg += strlen("-name-width");
+			if (*arg == '=')
+				name_width = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
+			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
+				die("Option '--stat-name-width' requires a value");
+			else if (!*arg) {
+				name_width = strtoul(av[1], &end, 10);
+				argcount = 2;
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	case '=':
+		width = strtoul(arg+1, &end, 10);
+		if (*end == ',')
+			name_width = strtoul(end+1, &end, 10);
+	}
+
+	/* Important! This checks all the error cases! */
+	if (*end)
+		return 0;
+	options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+	options->stat_name_width = name_width;
+	options->stat_width = width;
+	return argcount;
+}
+
 int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 {
 	const char *arg = av[0];
+	const char *optarg;
+	int argcount;
 
 	/* Output format options */
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch"))
@@ -3034,33 +3132,9 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--stat")) {
-		char *end;
-		int width = options->stat_width;
-		int name_width = options->stat_name_width;
-		arg += 6;
-		end = (char *)arg;
-
-		switch (*arg) {
-		case '-':
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-width="))
-				width = strtoul(arg + 7, &end, 10);
-			else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-name-width="))
-				name_width = strtoul(arg + 12, &end, 10);
-			break;
-		case '=':
-			width = strtoul(arg+1, &end, 10);
-			if (*end == ',')
-				name_width = strtoul(end+1, &end, 10);
-		}
-
-		/* Important! This checks all the error cases! */
-		if (*end)
-			return 0;
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
-		options->stat_name_width = name_width;
-		options->stat_width = width;
-	}
+	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--stat"))
+		/* --stat, --stat-width, or --stat-name-width */
+		return stat_opt(options, av);
 
 	/* renames options */
 	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-B")) {
@@ -3154,10 +3228,11 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		else
 			die("bad --word-diff argument: %s", type);
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--word-diff-regex=")) {
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("word-diff-regex", av, &optarg))) {
 		if (options->word_diff == DIFF_WORDS_NONE)
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_PLAIN;
-		options->word_regex = arg + 18;
+		options->word_regex = optarg;
+		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--exit-code"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
@@ -3171,11 +3246,13 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-textconv"))
 		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules")) {
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, "all");
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules="))
+	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules=")) {
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, arg + 20);
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--submodule"))
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--submodule"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
 	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--submodule=")) {
 		if (!strcmp(arg + 12, "log"))
@@ -3185,18 +3262,26 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	/* misc options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-z"))
 		options->line_termination = 0;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-l"))
-		options->rename_limit = strtoul(arg+2, NULL, 10);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-S"))
-		options->pickaxe = arg + 2;
+	else if ((argcount = short_opt('l', av, &optarg))) {
+		options->rename_limit = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
+		return argcount;
+	}
+	else if ((argcount = short_opt('S', av, &optarg))) {
+		options->pickaxe = optarg;
+		return argcount;
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pickaxe-all"))
 		options->pickaxe_opts = DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pickaxe-regex"))
 		options->pickaxe_opts = DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-O"))
-		options->orderfile = arg + 2;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--diff-filter="))
-		options->filter = arg + 14;
+	else if ((argcount = short_opt('O', av, &optarg))) {
+		options->orderfile = optarg;
+		return argcount;
+	}
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-filter", av, &optarg))) {
+		options->filter = optarg;
+		return argcount;
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev"))
 		options->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
 	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
@@ -3206,20 +3291,25 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		else if (40 < options->abbrev)
 			options->abbrev = 40;
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--src-prefix="))
-		options->a_prefix = arg + 13;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--dst-prefix="))
-		options->b_prefix = arg + 13;
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("src-prefix", av, &optarg))) {
+		options->a_prefix = optarg;
+		return argcount;
+	}
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("dst-prefix", av, &optarg))) {
+		options->b_prefix = optarg;
+		return argcount;
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-prefix"))
 		options->a_prefix = options->b_prefix = "";
 	else if (opt_arg(arg, '\0', "inter-hunk-context",
 			 &options->interhunkcontext))
 		;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--output=")) {
-		options->file = fopen(arg + strlen("--output="), "w");
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("output", av, &optarg))) {
+		options->file = fopen(optarg, "w");
 		if (!options->file)
 			die_errno("Could not open '%s'", arg + strlen("--output="));
 		options->close_file = 1;
+		return argcount;
 	} else
 		return 0;
 	return 1;
@@ -4064,25 +4154,24 @@ void diffcore_fix_diff_index(struct diff_options *options)
 
 void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *options)
 {
-	/* We never run this function more than one time, because the
-	 * rename/copy detection logic can only run once.
-	 */
-	if (diff_queued_diff.run)
-		return;
-
 	if (options->skip_stat_unmatch)
 		diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(options);
-	if (options->break_opt != -1)
-		diffcore_break(options->break_opt);
-	if (options->detect_rename)
-		diffcore_rename(options);
-	if (options->break_opt != -1)
-		diffcore_merge_broken();
+	if (!options->found_follow) {
+		/* See try_to_follow_renames() in tree-diff.c */
+		if (options->break_opt != -1)
+			diffcore_break(options->break_opt);
+		if (options->detect_rename)
+			diffcore_rename(options);
+		if (options->break_opt != -1)
+			diffcore_merge_broken();
+	}
 	if (options->pickaxe)
 		diffcore_pickaxe(options->pickaxe, options->pickaxe_opts);
 	if (options->orderfile)
 		diffcore_order(options->orderfile);
-	diff_resolve_rename_copy();
+	if (!options->found_follow)
+		/* See try_to_follow_renames() in tree-diff.c */
+		diff_resolve_rename_copy();
 	diffcore_apply_filter(options->filter);
 
 	if (diff_queued_diff.nr && !DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
@@ -4090,7 +4179,7 @@ void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *options)
 	else
 		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, HAS_CHANGES);
 
-	diff_queued_diff.run = 1;
+	options->found_follow = 0;
 }
 
 int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *opt, int status)
@@ -4108,6 +4197,24 @@ int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *opt, int status)
 	return result;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Shall changes to this submodule be ignored?
+ *
+ * Submodule changes can be configured to be ignored separately for each path,
+ * but that configuration can be overridden from the command line.
+ */
+static int is_submodule_ignored(const char *path, struct diff_options *options)
+{
+	int ignored = 0;
+	unsigned orig_flags = options->flags;
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG))
+		set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(options, path);
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, IGNORE_SUBMODULES))
+		ignored = 1;
+	options->flags = orig_flags;
+	return ignored;
+}
+
 void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -4115,7 +4222,7 @@ void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *options,
 {
 	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
 
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, IGNORE_SUBMODULES) && S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode) && is_submodule_ignored(concatpath, options))
 		return;
 
 	/* This may look odd, but it is a preparation for
@@ -4162,8 +4269,8 @@ void diff_change(struct diff_options *options,
 {
 	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
 
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, IGNORE_SUBMODULES) && S_ISGITLINK(old_mode)
-			&& S_ISGITLINK(new_mode))
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(old_mode) && S_ISGITLINK(new_mode) &&
+	    is_submodule_ignored(concatpath, options))
 		return;
 
 	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index 063d10ac22..bf2f44d840 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ typedef struct strbuf *(*diff_prefix_fn_t)(struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 #define DIFF_OPT_DIRTY_SUBMODULES    (1 << 24)
 #define DIFF_OPT_IGNORE_UNTRACKED_IN_SUBMODULES (1 << 25)
 #define DIFF_OPT_IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES (1 << 26)
+#define DIFF_OPT_OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG (1 << 27)
 
 #define DIFF_OPT_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags & DIFF_OPT_##flag)
 #define DIFF_OPT_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag)
@@ -126,6 +127,9 @@ struct diff_options {
 	/* this is set by diffcore for DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH */
 	int found_changes;
 
+	/* to support internal diff recursion by --follow hack*/
+	int found_follow;
+
 	FILE *file;
 	int close_file;
 
@@ -214,6 +218,13 @@ extern void diff_unmerge(struct diff_options *,
 #define DIFF_SETUP_USE_CACHE		2
 #define DIFF_SETUP_USE_SIZE_CACHE	4
 
+/*
+ * Poor man's alternative to parse-option, to allow both sticked form
+ * (--option=value) and separate form (--option value).
+ */
+extern int parse_long_opt(const char *opt, const char **argv,
+			 const char **optarg);
+
 extern int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 extern int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 extern int diff_use_color_default;
diff --git a/diffcore.h b/diffcore.h
index 05ebc115a1..8b3241ad13 100644
--- a/diffcore.h
+++ b/diffcore.h
@@ -91,13 +91,11 @@ struct diff_queue_struct {
 	struct diff_filepair **queue;
 	int alloc;
 	int nr;
-	int run;
 };
 #define DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(q) \
 	do { \
 		(q)->queue = NULL; \
 		(q)->nr = (q)->alloc = 0; \
-		(q)->run = 0; \
 	} while (0)
 
 extern struct diff_queue_struct diff_queued_diff;
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index 83d38d3c23..eeb26876a1 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ enum object_creation_mode object_creation_mode = OBJECT_CREATION_MODE;
 char *notes_ref_name;
 int grafts_replace_parents = 1;
 int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
+struct startup_info *startup_info;
 
 /* Parallel index stat data preload? */
 int core_preload_index = 0;
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index ddad289dae..dd51ac48b6 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -2131,6 +2131,7 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 	case S_IFREG | 0644:
 	case S_IFREG | 0755:
 	case S_IFLNK:
+	case S_IFDIR:
 	case S_IFGITLINK:
 		/* ok */
 		break;
@@ -2176,23 +2177,28 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 		 * another repository.
 		 */
 	} else if (inline_data) {
+		if (S_ISDIR(mode))
+			die("Directories cannot be specified 'inline': %s",
+				command_buf.buf);
 		if (p != uq.buf) {
 			strbuf_addstr(&uq, p);
 			p = uq.buf;
 		}
 		read_next_command();
 		parse_and_store_blob(&last_blob, sha1, 0);
-	} else if (oe) {
-		if (oe->type != OBJ_BLOB)
-			die("Not a blob (actually a %s): %s",
-				typename(oe->type), command_buf.buf);
 	} else {
-		enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		enum object_type expected = S_ISDIR(mode) ?
+						OBJ_TREE: OBJ_BLOB;
+		enum object_type type = oe ? oe->type :
+					sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
 		if (type < 0)
-			die("Blob not found: %s", command_buf.buf);
-		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
-			die("Not a blob (actually a %s): %s",
-			    typename(type), command_buf.buf);
+			die("%s not found: %s",
+					S_ISDIR(mode) ?  "Tree" : "Blob",
+					command_buf.buf);
+		if (type != expected)
+			die("Not a %s (actually a %s): %s",
+				typename(expected), typename(type),
+				command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	tree_content_set(&b->branch_tree, p, sha1, mode, NULL);
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 28d6b008c1..877096ecb0 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -393,6 +393,8 @@ extern int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1);
 
 static inline size_t xsize_t(off_t len)
 {
+	if (len > (size_t) len)
+		die("Cannot handle files this big");
 	return (size_t)len;
 }
 
diff --git a/git-mergetool.sh b/git-mergetool.sh
index b52a7410bc..bd7ab02f11 100755
--- a/git-mergetool.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool.sh
@@ -264,17 +264,35 @@ merge_keep_temporaries="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepTemporaries || echo fa
 
 last_status=0
 rollup_status=0
+rerere=false
+
+files_to_merge() {
+    if test "$rerere" = true
+    then
+	git rerere status
+    else
+	git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u
+    fi
+}
+
 
 if test $# -eq 0 ; then
-    files=$(git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
+    cd_to_toplevel
+
+    if test -e "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR"
+    then
+	rerere=true
+    fi
+
+    files=$(files_to_merge)
     if test -z "$files" ; then
 	echo "No files need merging"
 	exit 0
     fi
-    echo Merging the files: "$files"
-    git ls-files -u |
-    sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' |
-    sort -u |
+    printf "Merging:\n"
+    printf "$files\n"
+
+    files_to_merge |
     while IFS= read i
     do
 	if test $last_status -ne 0; then
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
index a09a44ec4c..8eb74d45de 100755
--- a/git-pull.sh
+++ b/git-pull.sh
@@ -273,6 +273,15 @@ then
 	exit
 fi
 
+if test true = "$rebase"
+then
+	o=$(git show-branch --merge-base $curr_branch $merge_head $oldremoteref)
+	if test "$oldremoteref" = "$o"
+	then
+		unset oldremoteref
+	fi
+fi
+
 merge_name=$(git fmt-merge-msg $log_arg <"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD") || exit
 case "$rebase" in
 true)
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
index b94c2a0386..4d14b077d2 100755
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ VERBOSE=
 OK_TO_SKIP_PRE_REBASE=
 REBASE_ROOT=
 AUTOSQUASH=
+test "$(git config --bool rebase.autosquash)" = "true" && AUTOSQUASH=t
 NEVER_FF=
 
 GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP="  After resolving the conflicts,
@@ -537,6 +538,34 @@ do_next () {
 		esac
 		record_in_rewritten $sha1
 		;;
+	x|"exec")
+		read -r command rest < "$TODO"
+		mark_action_done
+		printf 'Executing: %s\n' "$rest"
+		# "exec" command doesn't take a sha1 in the todo-list.
+		# => can't just use $sha1 here.
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD > "$DOTEST"/stopped-sha
+		${SHELL:-@SHELL_PATH@} -c "$rest" # Actual execution
+		status=$?
+		if test "$status" -ne 0
+		then
+			warn "Execution failed: $rest"
+			warn "You can fix the problem, and then run"
+			warn
+			warn "	git rebase --continue"
+			warn
+			exit "$status"
+		fi
+		# Run in subshell because require_clean_work_tree can die.
+		if ! (require_clean_work_tree)
+		then
+			warn "Commit or stash your changes, and then run"
+			warn
+			warn "	git rebase --continue"
+			warn
+			exit 1
+		fi
+		;;
 	*)
 		warn "Unknown command: $command $sha1 $rest"
 		if git rev-parse --verify -q "$sha1" >/dev/null
@@ -591,22 +620,30 @@ do_rest () {
 # skip picking commits whose parents are unchanged
 skip_unnecessary_picks () {
 	fd=3
-	while read -r command sha1 rest
+	while read -r command rest
 	do
 		# fd=3 means we skip the command
-		case "$fd,$command,$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet $sha1^)" in
-		3,pick,"$ONTO"*|3,p,"$ONTO"*)
+		case "$fd,$command" in
+		3,pick|3,p)
 			# pick a commit whose parent is current $ONTO -> skip
-			ONTO=$sha1
+			sha1=$(printf '%s' "$rest" | cut -d ' ' -f 1)
+			case "$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$sha1"^)" in
+			"$ONTO"*)
+				ONTO=$sha1
+				;;
+			*)
+				fd=1
+				;;
+			esac
 			;;
-		3,#*|3,,*)
+		3,#*|3,)
 			# copy comments
 			;;
 		*)
 			fd=1
 			;;
 		esac
-		printf '%s\n' "$command${sha1:+ }$sha1${rest:+ }$rest" >&$fd
+		printf '%s\n' "$command${rest:+ }$rest" >&$fd
 	done <"$TODO" >"$TODO.new" 3>>"$DONE" &&
 	mv -f "$TODO".new "$TODO" &&
 	case "$(peek_next_command)" in
@@ -795,6 +832,9 @@ first and then run 'git rebase --continue' again."
 	--autosquash)
 		AUTOSQUASH=t
 		;;
+	--no-autosquash)
+		AUTOSQUASH=
+		;;
 	--onto)
 		shift
 		ONTO=$(parse_onto "$1") ||
@@ -957,6 +997,7 @@ first and then run 'git rebase --continue' again."
 #  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
 #  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
 #  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+#  x <cmd>, exec <cmd> = Run a shell command <cmd>, and stop if it fails
 #
 # If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
 # However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index 1d38afdb10..7508463b30 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ To restore the original branch and stop rebasing run \"git rebase --abort\".
 "
 unset newbase
 strategy=recursive
+strategy_opts=
 do_merge=
 dotest="$GIT_DIR"/rebase-merge
 prec=4
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ call_merge () {
 	then
 		export GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=1
 	fi
-	git-merge-$strategy "$cmt^" -- "$hd" "$cmt"
+	eval 'git-merge-$strategy' $strategy_opts '"$cmt^" -- "$hd" "$cmt"'
 	rv=$?
 	case "$rv" in
 	0)
@@ -294,6 +295,27 @@ do
 	-M|-m|--m|--me|--mer|--merg|--merge)
 		do_merge=t
 		;;
+	-X*|--strategy-option*)
+		case "$#,$1" in
+		1,-X|1,--strategy-option)
+			usage ;;
+		*,-X|*,--strategy-option)
+			newopt="$2"
+			shift ;;
+		*,--strategy-option=*)
+			newopt="$(expr " $1" : ' --strategy-option=\(.*\)')" ;;
+		*,-X*)
+			newopt="$(expr " $1" : ' -X\(.*\)')" ;;
+		1,*)
+			usage ;;
+		esac
+		strategy_opts="$strategy_opts $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "--$newopt")"
+		do_merge=t
+		if test -n "$strategy"
+		then
+			strategy=recursive
+		fi
+		;;
 	-s=*|--s=*|--st=*|--str=*|--stra=*|--strat=*|--strate=*|\
 		--strateg=*|--strategy=*|\
 	-s|--s|--st|--str|--stra|--strat|--strate|--strateg|--strategy)
@@ -544,7 +566,7 @@ fi
 if test -z "$do_merge"
 then
 	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
-		$root_flag "$revisions" |
+		--no-renames $root_flag "$revisions" |
 	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$RESOLVEMSG" &&
 	move_to_original_branch
 	ret=$?
diff --git a/git-svn.perl b/git-svn.perl
index 34884b8fce..9b046b693f 100755
--- a/git-svn.perl
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -2959,18 +2959,29 @@ sub other_gs {
 	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($new_url, $url, $branch_from);
 	unless ($gs) {
 		my $ref_id = $old_ref_id;
-		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+$//;
+		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+-*$//;
 		$ref_id .= "\@$r";
 		# just grow a tail if we're not unique enough :x
 		$ref_id .= '-' while find_ref($ref_id);
-		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
 		my ($u, $p, $repo_id) = ($new_url, '', $ref_id);
 		if ($u =~ s#^\Q$url\E(/|$)##) {
 			$p = $u;
 			$u = $url;
 			$repo_id = $self->{repo_id};
 		}
-		$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
+		while (1) {
+			# It is possible to tag two different subdirectories at
+			# the same revision.  If the url for an existing ref
+			# does not match, we must either find a ref with a
+			# matching url or create a new ref by growing a tail.
+			$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
+			my (undef, $max_commit) = $gs->rev_map_max(1);
+			last if (!$max_commit);
+			my ($url) = ::cmt_metadata($max_commit);
+			last if ($url eq $gs->full_url);
+			$ref_id .= '-';
+		}
+		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
 	}
 	$gs
 }
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index f37028b3b7..8de48107e0 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ const char git_usage_string[] =
 const char git_more_info_string[] =
 	"See 'git help COMMAND' for more information on a specific command.";
 
+static struct startup_info git_startup_info;
 static int use_pager = -1;
 struct pager_config {
 	const char *cmd;
@@ -188,7 +189,8 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 		}
 		count = split_cmdline(alias_string, &new_argv);
 		if (count < 0)
-			die("Bad alias.%s string", alias_command);
+			die("Bad alias.%s string: %s", alias_command,
+			    split_cmdline_strerror(count));
 		option_count = handle_options(&new_argv, &count, &envchanged);
 		if (envchanged)
 			die("alias '%s' changes environment variables\n"
@@ -229,13 +231,14 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 
 const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
 
-#define RUN_SETUP	(1<<0)
-#define USE_PAGER	(1<<1)
+#define RUN_SETUP		(1<<0)
+#define RUN_SETUP_GENTLY	(1<<1)
+#define USE_PAGER		(1<<2)
 /*
  * require working tree to be present -- anything uses this needs
  * RUN_SETUP for reading from the configuration file.
  */
-#define NEED_WORK_TREE	(1<<2)
+#define NEED_WORK_TREE		(1<<3)
 
 struct cmd_struct {
 	const char *cmd;
@@ -254,8 +257,12 @@ static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
 	if (!help) {
 		if (p->option & RUN_SETUP)
 			prefix = setup_git_directory();
+		if (p->option & RUN_SETUP_GENTLY) {
+			int nongit_ok;
+			prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit_ok);
+		}
 
-		if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & RUN_SETUP)
+		if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & (RUN_SETUP | RUN_SETUP_GENTLY))
 			use_pager = check_pager_config(p->cmd);
 		if (use_pager == -1 && p->option & USE_PAGER)
 			use_pager = 1;
@@ -295,12 +302,12 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "add", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "stage", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "annotate", cmd_annotate, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "apply", cmd_apply },
+		{ "apply", cmd_apply, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "archive", cmd_archive },
 		{ "bisect--helper", cmd_bisect__helper, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "blame", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "branch", cmd_branch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "bundle", cmd_bundle },
+		{ "bundle", cmd_bundle, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
@@ -313,7 +320,7 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "clean", cmd_clean, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "commit", cmd_commit, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "config", cmd_config },
+		{ "config", cmd_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "describe", cmd_describe, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "diff", cmd_diff },
@@ -330,21 +337,21 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "fsck-objects", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "gc", cmd_gc, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "get-tar-commit-id", cmd_get_tar_commit_id },
-		{ "grep", cmd_grep },
+		{ "grep", cmd_grep, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "hash-object", cmd_hash_object },
 		{ "help", cmd_help },
-		{ "index-pack", cmd_index_pack },
+		{ "index-pack", cmd_index_pack, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "init", cmd_init_db },
 		{ "init-db", cmd_init_db },
-		{ "log", cmd_log, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
+		{ "log", cmd_log, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "ls-files", cmd_ls_files, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "ls-tree", cmd_ls_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "ls-remote", cmd_ls_remote },
+		{ "ls-remote", cmd_ls_remote, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "mailinfo", cmd_mailinfo },
 		{ "mailsplit", cmd_mailsplit },
 		{ "merge", cmd_merge, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "merge-base", cmd_merge_base, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "merge-file", cmd_merge_file },
+		{ "merge-file", cmd_merge_file, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "merge-index", cmd_merge_index, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "merge-ours", cmd_merge_ours, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "merge-recursive", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
@@ -360,7 +367,7 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "pack-objects", cmd_pack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "pack-redundant", cmd_pack_redundant, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "patch-id", cmd_patch_id },
-		{ "peek-remote", cmd_ls_remote },
+		{ "peek-remote", cmd_ls_remote, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "pickaxe", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "prune", cmd_prune, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "prune-packed", cmd_prune_packed, RUN_SETUP },
@@ -370,7 +377,7 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "reflog", cmd_reflog, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "remote", cmd_remote, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "replace", cmd_replace, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "repo-config", cmd_config },
+		{ "repo-config", cmd_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "rerere", cmd_rerere, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "reset", cmd_reset, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "rev-list", cmd_rev_list, RUN_SETUP },
@@ -378,9 +385,9 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "revert", cmd_revert, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "rm", cmd_rm, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "send-pack", cmd_send_pack, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, USE_PAGER },
+		{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY | USE_PAGER },
 		{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "show", cmd_show, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
+		{ "show", cmd_show, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "status", cmd_status, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
 		{ "stripspace", cmd_stripspace },
 		{ "symbolic-ref", cmd_symbolic_ref, RUN_SETUP },
@@ -392,10 +399,10 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		{ "update-ref", cmd_update_ref, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "update-server-info", cmd_update_server_info, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "upload-archive", cmd_upload_archive },
-		{ "var", cmd_var },
+		{ "var", cmd_var, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
 		{ "verify-tag", cmd_verify_tag, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "version", cmd_version },
-		{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, RUN_SETUP | USE_PAGER },
+		{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree, RUN_SETUP },
 		{ "verify-pack", cmd_verify_pack },
 		{ "show-ref", cmd_show_ref, RUN_SETUP },
@@ -489,6 +496,8 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	const char *cmd;
 
+	startup_info = &git_startup_info;
+
 	cmd = git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 	if (!cmd)
 		cmd = "git-help";
diff --git a/gitweb/README b/gitweb/README
index 0e19be8d21..d481198796 100644
--- a/gitweb/README
+++ b/gitweb/README
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ You can specify the following configuration variables when building GIT:
    in the browser's URL bar and next to site name in bookmarks).  Relative
    to base URI of gitweb.  [Default: static/git-favicon.png]
  * GITWEB_JS
-   Points to the localtion where you put gitweb.js on your web server
+   Points to the location where you put gitweb.js on your web server
    (or to be more generic URI of JavaScript code used by gitweb).
    Relative to base URI of gitweb.  [Default: static/gitweb.js (or
    static/gitweb.min.js if JSMIN build variable is defined / JavaScript
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ not include variables usually directly set during build):
    is false.
  * $maxload
    Used to set the maximum load that we will still respond to gitweb queries.
-   If server load exceed this value then return "503 Service Unavaliable" error.
+   If server load exceed this value then return "503 Service Unavailable" error.
    Server load is taken to be 0 if gitweb cannot determine its value.  Set it to
    undefined value to turn it off.  The default is 300.
 
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.perl b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
index 898b121b50..a85e2f6319 100755
--- a/gitweb/gitweb.perl
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ sub evaluate_uri {
 	# return value of feature-sub indicates if to enable specified feature
 	#
 	# if there is no 'sub' key (no feature-sub), then feature cannot be
-	# overriden
+	# overridden
 	#
 	# use gitweb_get_feature(<feature>) to retrieve the <feature> value
 	# (an array) or gitweb_check_feature(<feature>) to check if <feature>
@@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ sub esc_param {
 	return $str;
 }
 
-# quote unsafe chars in whole URL, so some charactrs cannot be quoted
+# quote unsafe chars in whole URL, so some characters cannot be quoted
 sub esc_url {
 	my $str = shift;
 	return undef unless defined $str;
@@ -3781,9 +3781,9 @@ sub git_print_authorship {
 }
 
 # Outputs table rows containing the full author or committer information,
-# in the format expected for 'commit' view (& similia).
+# in the format expected for 'commit' view (& similar).
 # Parameters are a commit hash reference, followed by the list of people
-# to output information for. If the list is empty it defalts to both
+# to output information for. If the list is empty it defaults to both
 # author and committer.
 sub git_print_authorship_rows {
 	my $co = shift;
@@ -4512,8 +4512,8 @@ sub git_patchset_body {
 		print "</div>\n"; # class="patch"
 	}
 
-	# for compact combined (--cc) format, with chunk and patch simpliciaction
-	# patchset might be empty, but there might be unprocessed raw lines
+	# for compact combined (--cc) format, with chunk and patch simplification
+	# the patchset might be empty, but there might be unprocessed raw lines
 	for (++$patch_idx if $patch_number > 0;
 	     $patch_idx < @$difftree;
 	     ++$patch_idx) {
@@ -5191,15 +5191,15 @@ sub git_summary {
 }
 
 sub git_tag {
-	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
-	git_header_html();
-	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
 	my %tag = parse_tag($hash);
 
 	if (! %tag) {
 		die_error(404, "Unknown tag object");
 	}
 
+	my $head = git_get_head_hash($project);
+	git_header_html();
+	git_print_page_nav('','', $head,undef,$head);
 	git_print_header_div('commit', esc_html($tag{'name'}), $hash);
 	print "<div class=\"title_text\">\n" .
 	      "<table class=\"object_header\">\n" .
diff --git a/graph.c b/graph.c
index ac7c605406..f1a63c2241 100644
--- a/graph.c
+++ b/graph.c
@@ -7,17 +7,6 @@
 
 /* Internal API */
 
-/*
- * Output the next line for a graph.
- * This formats the next graph line into the specified strbuf.  It is not
- * terminated with a newline.
- *
- * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
- * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
- * graph_update() is called.
- */
-static int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
-
 /*
  * Output a padding line in the graph.
  * This is similar to graph_next_line().  However, it is guaranteed to
@@ -73,7 +62,7 @@ enum graph_state {
 /*
  * The list of available column colors.
  */
-static char column_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+static const char *column_colors_ansi[] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,
 	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,
 	GIT_COLOR_YELLOW,
@@ -86,23 +75,33 @@ static char column_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_BLUE,
 	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_MAGENTA,
 	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_CYAN,
+	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
 };
 
-#define COLUMN_COLORS_MAX (ARRAY_SIZE(column_colors))
+#define COLUMN_COLORS_ANSI_MAX (ARRAY_SIZE(column_colors_ansi) - 1)
+
+static const char **column_colors;
+static unsigned short column_colors_max;
 
-static const char *column_get_color_code(const struct column *c)
+void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max)
 {
-	return column_colors[c->color];
+	column_colors = colors;
+	column_colors_max = colors_max;
+}
+
+static const char *column_get_color_code(unsigned short color)
+{
+	return column_colors[color];
 }
 
 static void strbuf_write_column(struct strbuf *sb, const struct column *c,
 				char col_char)
 {
-	if (c->color < COLUMN_COLORS_MAX)
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, column_get_color_code(c));
+	if (c->color < column_colors_max)
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, column_get_color_code(c->color));
 	strbuf_addch(sb, col_char);
-	if (c->color < COLUMN_COLORS_MAX)
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+	if (c->color < column_colors_max)
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, column_get_color_code(column_colors_max));
 }
 
 struct git_graph {
@@ -226,6 +225,11 @@ static struct strbuf *diff_output_prefix_callback(struct diff_options *opt, void
 struct git_graph *graph_init(struct rev_info *opt)
 {
 	struct git_graph *graph = xmalloc(sizeof(struct git_graph));
+
+	if (!column_colors)
+		graph_set_column_colors(column_colors_ansi,
+					COLUMN_COLORS_ANSI_MAX);
+
 	graph->commit = NULL;
 	graph->revs = opt;
 	graph->num_parents = 0;
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@ struct git_graph *graph_init(struct rev_info *opt)
 	 * always increment it for the first commit we output.
 	 * This way we start at 0 for the first commit.
 	 */
-	graph->default_column_color = COLUMN_COLORS_MAX - 1;
+	graph->default_column_color = column_colors_max - 1;
 
 	/*
 	 * Allocate a reasonably large default number of columns
@@ -365,7 +369,7 @@ static struct commit_list *first_interesting_parent(struct git_graph *graph)
 static unsigned short graph_get_current_column_color(const struct git_graph *graph)
 {
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&graph->revs->diffopt, COLOR_DIFF))
-		return COLUMN_COLORS_MAX;
+		return column_colors_max;
 	return graph->default_column_color;
 }
 
@@ -375,7 +379,7 @@ static unsigned short graph_get_current_column_color(const struct git_graph *gra
 static void graph_increment_column_color(struct git_graph *graph)
 {
 	graph->default_column_color = (graph->default_column_color + 1) %
-		COLUMN_COLORS_MAX;
+		column_colors_max;
 }
 
 static unsigned short graph_find_commit_color(const struct git_graph *graph,
@@ -439,7 +443,7 @@ static void graph_update_width(struct git_graph *graph,
 		max_cols++;
 
 	/*
-	 * We added a column for the the current commit as part of
+	 * We added a column for the current commit as part of
 	 * graph->num_parents.  If the current commit was already in
 	 * graph->columns, then we have double counted it.
 	 */
@@ -1143,7 +1147,7 @@ static void graph_output_collapsing_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf
 		graph_update_state(graph, GRAPH_PADDING);
 }
 
-static int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
+int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	switch (graph->state) {
 	case GRAPH_PADDING:
diff --git a/graph.h b/graph.h
index b82ae87a49..aff960c7e8 100644
--- a/graph.h
+++ b/graph.h
@@ -4,6 +4,23 @@
 /* A graph is a pointer to this opaque structure */
 struct git_graph;
 
+/*
+ * Set up a custom scheme for column colors.
+ *
+ * The default column color scheme inserts ANSI color escapes to colorize
+ * the graph. The various color escapes are stored in an array of strings
+ * where each entry corresponds to a color, except for the last entry,
+ * which denotes the escape for resetting the color back to the default.
+ * When generating the graph, strings from this array are inserted before
+ * and after the various column characters.
+ *
+ * This function allows you to enable a custom array of color escapes.
+ * The 'colors_max' argument is the index of the last "reset" entry.
+ *
+ * This functions must be called BEFORE graph_init() is called.
+ */
+void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max);
+
 /*
  * Create a new struct git_graph.
  */
@@ -32,6 +49,17 @@ void graph_update(struct git_graph *graph, struct commit *commit);
  */
 int graph_is_commit_finished(struct git_graph const *graph);
 
+/*
+ * Output the next line for a graph.
+ * This formats the next graph line into the specified strbuf.  It is not
+ * terminated with a newline.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
+ * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
+ * graph_update() is called.
+ */
+int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
+
 
 /*
  * graph_show_*: helper functions for printing to stdout
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
index 1320c50e32..0a5011f615 100644
--- a/http.c
+++ b/http.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ static long curl_low_speed_time = -1;
 static int curl_ftp_no_epsv;
 static const char *curl_http_proxy;
 static char *user_name, *user_pass;
+static const char *user_agent;
 
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071700
 /* Use CURLOPT_KEYPASSWD as is */
@@ -196,6 +197,9 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (!strcmp("http.useragent", var))
+		return git_config_string(&user_agent, var, value);
+
 	/* Fall back on the default ones */
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -279,7 +283,8 @@ static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 	if (getenv("GIT_CURL_VERBOSE"))
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);
 
-	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, GIT_USER_AGENT);
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERAGENT,
+		user_agent ? user_agent : GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT);
 
 	if (curl_ftp_no_epsv)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV, 0);
@@ -380,6 +385,8 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote)
 #endif
 	set_from_env(&ssl_cainfo, "GIT_SSL_CAINFO");
 
+	set_from_env(&user_agent, "GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT");
+
 	low_speed_limit = getenv("GIT_HTTP_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT");
 	if (low_speed_limit != NULL)
 		curl_low_speed_limit = strtol(low_speed_limit, NULL, 10);
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index fb6aa4a551..638076ec6e 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "attr.h"
 #include "merge-recursive.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static struct tree *shift_tree_object(struct tree *one, struct tree *two,
 				      const char *subtree_shift)
@@ -136,16 +137,10 @@ static void output_commit_title(struct merge_options *o, struct commit *commit)
 		if (parse_commit(commit) != 0)
 			printf("(bad commit)\n");
 		else {
-			const char *s;
-			int len;
-			for (s = commit->buffer; *s; s++)
-				if (*s == '\n' && s[1] == '\n') {
-					s += 2;
-					break;
-				}
-			for (len = 0; s[len] && '\n' != s[len]; len++)
-				; /* do nothing */
-			printf("%.*s\n", len, s);
+			const char *title;
+			int len = find_commit_subject(commit->buffer, &title);
+			if (len)
+				printf("%.*s\n", len, title);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -185,7 +180,7 @@ static int git_merge_trees(int index_only,
 	opts.fn = threeway_merge;
 	opts.src_index = &the_index;
 	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
-	opts.msgs = get_porcelain_error_msgs();
+	set_porcelain_error_msgs(opts.msgs, "merge");
 
 	init_tree_desc_from_tree(t+0, common);
 	init_tree_desc_from_tree(t+1, head);
@@ -525,13 +520,15 @@ static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
 		void *buf;
 		unsigned long size;
 
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 			/*
 			 * We may later decide to recursively descend into
 			 * the submodule directory and update its index
 			 * and/or work tree, but we do not do that now.
 			 */
+			update_wd = 0;
 			goto update_index;
+		}
 
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
@@ -716,8 +713,8 @@ static struct merge_file_info merge_file(struct merge_options *o,
 			free(result_buf.ptr);
 			result.clean = (merge_status == 0);
 		} else if (S_ISGITLINK(a->mode)) {
-			result.clean = 0;
-			hashcpy(result.sha, a->sha1);
+			result.clean = merge_submodule(result.sha, one->path, one->sha1,
+						       a->sha1, b->sha1);
 		} else if (S_ISLNK(a->mode)) {
 			hashcpy(result.sha, a->sha1);
 
@@ -806,7 +803,8 @@ static int process_renames(struct merge_options *o,
 			   struct string_list *b_renames)
 {
 	int clean_merge = 1, i, j;
-	struct string_list a_by_dst = {NULL, 0, 0, 0}, b_by_dst = {NULL, 0, 0, 0};
+	struct string_list a_by_dst = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list b_by_dst = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const struct rename *sre;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < a_renames->nr; i++) {
@@ -1178,26 +1176,48 @@ static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 	return clean_merge;
 }
 
-struct unpack_trees_error_msgs get_porcelain_error_msgs(void)
+void set_porcelain_error_msgs(const char **msgs, const char *cmd)
 {
-	struct unpack_trees_error_msgs msgs = {
-		/* would_overwrite */
-		"Your local changes to '%s' would be overwritten by merge.  Aborting.",
-		/* not_uptodate_file */
-		"Your local changes to '%s' would be overwritten by merge.  Aborting.",
-		/* not_uptodate_dir */
-		"Updating '%s' would lose untracked files in it.  Aborting.",
-		/* would_lose_untracked */
-		"Untracked working tree file '%s' would be %s by merge.  Aborting",
-		/* bind_overlap -- will not happen here */
-		NULL,
-	};
-	if (advice_commit_before_merge) {
-		msgs.would_overwrite = msgs.not_uptodate_file =
-			"Your local changes to '%s' would be overwritten by merge.  Aborting.\n"
-			"Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge.";
-	}
-	return msgs;
+	const char *msg;
+	char *tmp;
+	const char *cmd2 = strcmp(cmd, "checkout") ? cmd : "switch branches";
+	if (advice_commit_before_merge)
+		msg = "Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s"
+			"Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can %s.";
+	else
+		msg = "Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s";
+	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen(cmd2) - 2);
+	sprintf(tmp, msg, cmd, cmd2);
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE] = tmp;
+	msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] = tmp;
+
+	msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_DIR] =
+		"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n%s";
+
+	if (advice_commit_before_merge)
+		msg = "The following untracked working tree files would be %s by %s:\n%%s"
+			"Please move or remove them before you can %s.";
+	else
+		msg = "The following untracked working tree files would be %s by %s:\n%%s";
+	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen("removed") + strlen(cmd2) - 4);
+	sprintf(tmp, msg, "removed", cmd, cmd2);
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED] = tmp;
+	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen("overwritten") + strlen(cmd2) - 4);
+	sprintf(tmp, msg, "overwritten", cmd, cmd2);
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN] = tmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * Special case: ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP refers to a pair of paths, we
+	 * cannot easily display it as a list.
+	 */
+	msgs[ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP] = "Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind.";
+
+	msgs[ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] =
+		"Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n%s";
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_OVERWRITTEN] =
+		"The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout update:\n%s";
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_REMOVED] =
+		"The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout update:\n%s";
 }
 
 int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
index b831293b38..08f9850367 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.h
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -23,8 +23,11 @@ struct merge_options {
 	struct string_list current_directory_set;
 };
 
-/* Return a list of user-friendly error messages to be used by merge */
-struct unpack_trees_error_msgs get_porcelain_error_msgs(void);
+/*
+ * Sets the list of user-friendly error messages to be used by the
+ * command "cmd" (either merge or checkout)
+ */
+void set_porcelain_error_msgs(const char **msgs, const char *cmd);
 
 /* merge_trees() but with recursive ancestor consolidation */
 int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
index 1978244398..7fd203560a 100644
--- a/notes.c
+++ b/notes.c
@@ -877,14 +877,6 @@ void string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(struct string_list *list,
 	strbuf_release(&globbuf);
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_refs_from_list(struct string_list_item *item,
-					  void *cb)
-{
-	struct string_list *list = cb;
-	string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, item->string);
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int notes_display_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 {
 	int *load_refs = cb;
@@ -947,30 +939,18 @@ void init_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *notes_ref,
 	load_subtree(t, &root_tree, t->root, 0);
 }
 
-struct load_notes_cb_data {
-	int counter;
-	struct notes_tree **trees;
-};
-
-static int load_one_display_note_ref(struct string_list_item *item,
-				     void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct load_notes_cb_data *c = cb_data;
-	struct notes_tree *t = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
-	init_notes(t, item->string, combine_notes_ignore, 0);
-	c->trees[c->counter++] = t;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 struct notes_tree **load_notes_trees(struct string_list *refs)
 {
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	int counter = 0;
 	struct notes_tree **trees;
-	struct load_notes_cb_data cb_data;
 	trees = xmalloc((refs->nr+1) * sizeof(struct notes_tree *));
-	cb_data.counter = 0;
-	cb_data.trees = trees;
-	for_each_string_list(refs, load_one_display_note_ref, &cb_data);
-	trees[cb_data.counter] = NULL;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, refs) {
+		struct notes_tree *t = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
+		init_notes(t, item->string, combine_notes_ignore, 0);
+		trees[counter++] = t;
+	}
+	trees[counter] = NULL;
 	return trees;
 }
 
@@ -995,10 +975,12 @@ void init_display_notes(struct display_notes_opt *opt)
 
 	git_config(notes_display_config, &load_config_refs);
 
-	if (opt && opt->extra_notes_refs)
-		for_each_string_list(opt->extra_notes_refs,
-				     string_list_add_refs_from_list,
-				     &display_notes_refs);
+	if (opt && opt->extra_notes_refs) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, opt->extra_notes_refs)
+			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(&display_notes_refs,
+						     item->string);
+	}
 
 	display_notes_trees = load_notes_trees(&display_notes_refs);
 	string_list_clear(&display_notes_refs, 0);
diff --git a/object.h b/object.h
index 82877c831c..4d1d61546f 100644
--- a/object.h
+++ b/object.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ struct object_array {
 	} *objects;
 };
 
+#define OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT { 0, 0, NULL }
+
 #define TYPE_BITS   3
 #define FLAG_BITS  27
 
diff --git a/pack-check.c b/pack-check.c
index 395fb9527a..9d0cb9a114 100644
--- a/pack-check.c
+++ b/pack-check.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static int verify_packfile(struct packed_git *p,
 		err = error("%s SHA1 checksum mismatch",
 			    p->pack_name);
 	if (hashcmp(index_base + index_size - 40, pack_sig))
-		err = error("%s SHA1 does not match its inddex",
+		err = error("%s SHA1 does not match its index",
 			    p->pack_name);
 	unuse_pack(w_curs);
 
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index 7435cdbf1d..d982f0f1bf 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ typedef int parse_opt_cb(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
  * `flags`::
  *   mask of parse_opt_option_flags.
  *   PARSE_OPT_OPTARG: says that the argument is optional (not for BOOLEANs)
- *   PARSE_OPT_NOARG: says that this option takes no argument
+ *   PARSE_OPT_NOARG: says that this option does not take an argument
  *   PARSE_OPT_NONEG: says that this option cannot be negated
  *   PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN: this option is skipped in the default usage, and
  *                     shown only in the full usage.
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index 6b23023095..a2c9d1e24a 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -122,6 +122,44 @@ char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...)
 	return cleanup_path(pathname);
 }
 
+char *git_path_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char *pathname = get_pathname();
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *git_dir;
+	va_list args;
+	unsigned len;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	if (len > PATH_MAX-100)
+		return bad_path;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
+	if (len && path[len-1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, ".git");
+
+	git_dir = read_gitfile_gently(buf.buf);
+	if (git_dir) {
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, git_dir);
+	}
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
+
+	if (buf.len >= PATH_MAX)
+		return bad_path;
+	memcpy(pathname, buf.buf, buf.len + 1);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	len = strlen(pathname);
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	len += vsnprintf(pathname + len, PATH_MAX - len, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
+		return bad_path;
+	return cleanup_path(pathname);
+}
 
 /* git_mkstemp() - create tmp file honoring TMPDIR variable */
 int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t len, const char *template)
diff --git a/perl/Makefile b/perl/Makefile
index 4ab21d61b8..a2ffb6402d 100644
--- a/perl/Makefile
+++ b/perl/Makefile
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ $(makfile): ../GIT-CFLAGS Makefile
 	echo '	echo $(instdir_SQ)' >> $@
 else
 $(makfile): Makefile.PL ../GIT-CFLAGS
-	$(PERL_PATH) $< PREFIX='$(prefix_SQ)'
+	$(PERL_PATH) $< PREFIX='$(prefix_SQ)' INSTALL_BASE=''
 endif
 
 # this is just added comfort for calling make directly in perl dir
diff --git a/reachable.c b/reachable.c
index b515fa2de3..a03fabf060 100644
--- a/reachable.c
+++ b/reachable.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ static void walk_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct commit *commit;
-	struct object_array objects = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	struct object_array objects = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	/* Walk all commits, process their trees */
 	while ((commit = get_revision(revs)) != NULL)
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index f1f789b7b8..1f42473e80 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -1516,6 +1516,7 @@ static int ce_write_entry(git_SHA_CTX *c, int fd, struct cache_entry *ce)
 	int size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
 	struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk = xcalloc(1, size);
 	char *name;
+	int result;
 
 	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.sec);
 	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.sec);
@@ -1539,7 +1540,9 @@ static int ce_write_entry(git_SHA_CTX *c, int fd, struct cache_entry *ce)
 		name = ondisk->name;
 	memcpy(name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 
-	return ce_write(c, fd, ondisk, size);
+	result = ce_write(c, fd, ondisk, size);
+	free(ondisk);
+	return result;
 }
 
 int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index b5400674d7..e3c05110e5 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ static struct cached_refs {
 	char did_packed;
 	struct ref_list *loose;
 	struct ref_list *packed;
-} cached_refs;
+} cached_refs, submodule_refs;
 static struct ref_list *current_ref;
 
 static struct ref_list *extra_refs;
@@ -229,23 +229,45 @@ void clear_extra_refs(void)
 	extra_refs = NULL;
 }
 
-static struct ref_list *get_packed_refs(void)
+static struct ref_list *get_packed_refs(const char *submodule)
 {
-	if (!cached_refs.did_packed) {
-		FILE *f = fopen(git_path("packed-refs"), "r");
-		cached_refs.packed = NULL;
+	const char *packed_refs_file;
+	struct cached_refs *refs;
+
+	if (submodule) {
+		packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(submodule, "packed-refs");
+		refs = &submodule_refs;
+		free_ref_list(refs->packed);
+	} else {
+		packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
+		refs = &cached_refs;
+	}
+
+	if (!refs->did_packed || submodule) {
+		FILE *f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
+		refs->packed = NULL;
 		if (f) {
-			read_packed_refs(f, &cached_refs);
+			read_packed_refs(f, refs);
 			fclose(f);
 		}
-		cached_refs.did_packed = 1;
+		refs->did_packed = 1;
 	}
-	return cached_refs.packed;
+	return refs->packed;
 }
 
-static struct ref_list *get_ref_dir(const char *base, struct ref_list *list)
+static struct ref_list *get_ref_dir(const char *submodule, const char *base,
+				    struct ref_list *list)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("%s", base));
+	DIR *dir;
+	const char *path;
+
+	if (submodule)
+		path = git_path_submodule(submodule, "%s", base);
+	else
+		path = git_path("%s", base);
+
+
+	dir = opendir(path);
 
 	if (dir) {
 		struct dirent *de;
@@ -261,6 +283,7 @@ static struct ref_list *get_ref_dir(const char *base, struct ref_list *list)
 			struct stat st;
 			int flag;
 			int namelen;
+			const char *refdir;
 
 			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
 				continue;
@@ -270,16 +293,27 @@ static struct ref_list *get_ref_dir(const char *base, struct ref_list *list)
 			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
 				continue;
 			memcpy(ref + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
-			if (stat(git_path("%s", ref), &st) < 0)
+			refdir = submodule
+				? git_path_submodule(submodule, "%s", ref)
+				: git_path("%s", ref);
+			if (stat(refdir, &st) < 0)
 				continue;
 			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-				list = get_ref_dir(ref, list);
+				list = get_ref_dir(submodule, ref, list);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, &flag)) {
+			if (submodule) {
 				hashclr(sha1);
-				flag |= REF_BROKEN;
-			}
+				flag = 0;
+				if (resolve_gitlink_ref(submodule, ref, sha1) < 0) {
+					hashclr(sha1);
+					flag |= REF_BROKEN;
+				}
+			} else
+				if (!resolve_ref(ref, sha1, 1, &flag)) {
+					hashclr(sha1);
+					flag |= REF_BROKEN;
+				}
 			list = add_ref(ref, sha1, flag, list, NULL);
 		}
 		free(ref);
@@ -322,10 +356,16 @@ void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname)
 	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
 }
 
-static struct ref_list *get_loose_refs(void)
+static struct ref_list *get_loose_refs(const char *submodule)
 {
+	if (submodule) {
+		free_ref_list(submodule_refs.loose);
+		submodule_refs.loose = get_ref_dir(submodule, "refs", NULL);
+		return submodule_refs.loose;
+	}
+
 	if (!cached_refs.did_loose) {
-		cached_refs.loose = get_ref_dir("refs", NULL);
+		cached_refs.loose = get_ref_dir(NULL, "refs", NULL);
 		cached_refs.did_loose = 1;
 	}
 	return cached_refs.loose;
@@ -459,7 +499,7 @@ const char *resolve_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *
 		git_snpath(path, sizeof(path), "%s", ref);
 		/* Special case: non-existing file. */
 		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
-			struct ref_list *list = get_packed_refs();
+			struct ref_list *list = get_packed_refs(NULL);
 			while (list) {
 				if (!strcmp(ref, list->name)) {
 					hashcpy(sha1, list->sha1);
@@ -588,7 +628,7 @@ int peel_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
 		return -1;
 
 	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED)) {
-		struct ref_list *list = get_packed_refs();
+		struct ref_list *list = get_packed_refs(NULL);
 
 		while (list) {
 			if (!strcmp(list->name, ref)) {
@@ -615,12 +655,12 @@ int peel_ref(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int do_for_each_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-			   int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *base, each_ref_fn fn,
+			   int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	int retval = 0;
-	struct ref_list *packed = get_packed_refs();
-	struct ref_list *loose = get_loose_refs();
+	struct ref_list *packed = get_packed_refs(submodule);
+	struct ref_list *loose = get_loose_refs(submodule);
 
 	struct ref_list *extra;
 
@@ -657,24 +697,54 @@ static int do_for_each_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
 	return retval;
 }
 
-int head_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+
+static int do_head_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int flag;
 
+	if (submodule) {
+		if (resolve_gitlink_ref(submodule, "HEAD", sha1) == 0)
+			return fn("HEAD", sha1, 0, cb_data);
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (resolve_ref("HEAD", sha1, 1, &flag))
 		return fn("HEAD", sha1, flag, cb_data);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int head_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_head_ref(NULL, fn, cb_data);
+}
+
+int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_head_ref(submodule, fn, cb_data);
+}
+
 int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref("refs/", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "refs/", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, "refs/", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+}
+
+int for_each_ref_in_submodule(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
+		each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -682,19 +752,34 @@ int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 	return for_each_ref_in("refs/tags/", fn, cb_data);
 }
 
+int for_each_tag_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, "refs/tags/", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
 int for_each_branch_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	return for_each_ref_in("refs/heads/", fn, cb_data);
 }
 
+int for_each_branch_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, "refs/heads/", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
 int for_each_remote_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
 	return for_each_ref_in("refs/remotes/", fn, cb_data);
 }
 
+int for_each_remote_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, "refs/remotes/", fn, cb_data);
+}
+
 int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref("refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern,
@@ -734,7 +819,7 @@ int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern, void *cb_data)
 
 int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref("refs/", fn, 0,
+	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "refs/", fn, 0,
 			       DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
 }
 
@@ -958,7 +1043,7 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *ref, const unsigned char
 	 * name is a proper prefix of our refname.
 	 */
 	if (missing &&
-	     !is_refname_available(ref, NULL, get_packed_refs(), 0)) {
+	     !is_refname_available(ref, NULL, get_packed_refs(NULL), 0)) {
 		last_errno = ENOTDIR;
 		goto error_return;
 	}
@@ -1021,7 +1106,7 @@ static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
 	int fd;
 	int found = 0;
 
-	packed_ref_list = get_packed_refs();
+	packed_ref_list = get_packed_refs(NULL);
 	for (list = packed_ref_list; list; list = list->next) {
 		if (!strcmp(refname, list->name)) {
 			found = 1;
@@ -1119,10 +1204,10 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldref, const char *newref, const char *logmsg)
 	if (!symref)
 		return error("refname %s not found", oldref);
 
-	if (!is_refname_available(newref, oldref, get_packed_refs(), 0))
+	if (!is_refname_available(newref, oldref, get_packed_refs(NULL), 0))
 		return 1;
 
-	if (!is_refname_available(newref, oldref, get_loose_refs(), 0))
+	if (!is_refname_available(newref, oldref, get_loose_refs(NULL), 0))
 		return 1;
 
 	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(renamed_ref, NULL, 0, NULL);
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index 762ce504b5..5e7a9a59f5 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ extern int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 extern int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn, const char *pattern, void *);
 extern int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn, const char *pattern, const char* prefix, void *);
 
+extern int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_ref_in_submodule(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
+		each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_tag_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_branch_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+extern int for_each_remote_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data);
+
 static inline const char *has_glob_specials(const char *pattern)
 {
 	return strpbrk(pattern, "?*[");
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index afbba47460..9143ec7a17 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv)
 
 void ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map)
 {
-	struct string_list refs = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
 	struct ref *prev = NULL, *next = NULL;
 	for (; ref_map; prev = ref_map, ref_map = next) {
@@ -1704,7 +1704,7 @@ static int get_stale_heads_cb(const char *refname,
 struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct remote *remote, struct ref *fetch_map)
 {
 	struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = NULL;
-	struct string_list ref_names = { NULL, 0, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list ref_names = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct stale_heads_info info;
 	info.remote = remote;
 	info.ref_names = &ref_names;
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
index d03a69634b..f42649c499 100644
--- a/rerere.c
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -378,7 +378,13 @@ static int merge(const char *name, const char *path)
 	}
 	ret = ll_merge(&result, path, &base, NULL, &cur, "", &other, "", 0);
 	if (!ret) {
-		FILE *f = fopen(path, "w");
+		FILE *f;
+
+		if (utime(rerere_path(name, "postimage"), NULL) < 0)
+			warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
+					rerere_path(name, "postimage"),
+					strerror(errno));
+		f = fopen(path, "w");
 		if (!f)
 			return error("Could not open %s: %s", path,
 				     strerror(errno));
@@ -426,8 +432,8 @@ static int update_paths(struct string_list *update)
 
 static int do_plain_rerere(struct string_list *rr, int fd)
 {
-	struct string_list conflict = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
-	struct string_list update = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list conflict = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list update = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	int i;
 
 	find_conflict(&conflict);
@@ -547,7 +553,7 @@ int setup_rerere(struct string_list *merge_rr, int flags)
 
 int rerere(int flags)
 {
-	struct string_list merge_rr = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list merge_rr = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	int fd;
 
 	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags);
@@ -585,8 +591,8 @@ static int rerere_forget_one_path(const char *path, struct string_list *rr)
 int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
 {
 	int i, fd;
-	struct string_list conflict = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
-	struct string_list merge_rr = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list conflict = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list merge_rr = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		return error("Could not read index");
diff --git a/resolve-undo.c b/resolve-undo.c
index 174ebec9e5..72b46125b7 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.c
+++ b/resolve-undo.c
@@ -28,29 +28,25 @@ void record_resolve_undo(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 	ui->mode[stage - 1] = ce->ce_mode;
 }
 
-static int write_one(struct string_list_item *item, void *cbdata)
+void resolve_undo_write(struct strbuf *sb, struct string_list *resolve_undo)
 {
-	struct strbuf *sb = cbdata;
-	struct resolve_undo_info *ui = item->util;
-	int i;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, resolve_undo) {
+		struct resolve_undo_info *ui = item->util;
+		int i;
 
-	if (!ui)
-		return 0;
-	strbuf_addstr(sb, item->string);
-	strbuf_addch(sb, 0);
-	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%o%c", ui->mode[i], 0);
-	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-		if (!ui->mode[i])
+		if (!ui)
 			continue;
-		strbuf_add(sb, ui->sha1[i], 20);
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, item->string);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, 0);
+		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%o%c", ui->mode[i], 0);
+		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+			if (!ui->mode[i])
+				continue;
+			strbuf_add(sb, ui->sha1[i], 20);
+		}
 	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void resolve_undo_write(struct strbuf *sb, struct string_list *resolve_undo)
-{
-   for_each_string_list(resolve_undo, write_one, sb);
 }
 
 struct string_list *resolve_undo_read(const char *data, unsigned long size)
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 7e82efd932..b1c18906ba 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -820,12 +820,12 @@ static void init_all_refs_cb(struct all_refs_cb *cb, struct rev_info *revs,
 	cb->all_flags = flags;
 }
 
-static void handle_refs(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags,
-		int (*for_each)(each_ref_fn, void *))
+static void handle_refs(const char *submodule, struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags,
+		int (*for_each)(const char *, each_ref_fn, void *))
 {
 	struct all_refs_cb cb;
 	init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
-	for_each(handle_one_ref, &cb);
+	for_each(submodule, handle_one_ref, &cb);
 }
 
 static void handle_one_reflog_commit(unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data)
@@ -1148,6 +1148,8 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 			       int *unkc, const char **unkv)
 {
 	const char *arg = argv[0];
+	const char *optarg;
+	int argcount;
 
 	/* pseudo revision arguments */
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "--all") || !strcmp(arg, "--branches") ||
@@ -1160,11 +1162,13 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-count=")) {
-		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 12);
+	if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("max-count", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->max_count = atoi(optarg);
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--skip=")) {
-		revs->skip_count = atoi(arg + 7);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("skip", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->skip_count = atoi(optarg);
+		return argcount;
 	} else if ((*arg == '-') && isdigit(arg[1])) {
 	/* accept -<digit>, like traditional "head" */
 		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 1);
@@ -1178,18 +1182,24 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-n")) {
 		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 2);
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-age=")) {
-		revs->max_age = atoi(arg + 10);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--since=")) {
-		revs->max_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--after=")) {
-		revs->max_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--min-age=")) {
-		revs->min_age = atoi(arg + 10);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--before=")) {
-		revs->min_age = approxidate(arg + 9);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--until=")) {
-		revs->min_age = approxidate(arg + 8);
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("max-age", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->max_age = atoi(optarg);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("since", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->max_age = approxidate(optarg);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("after", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->max_age = approxidate(optarg);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("min-age", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->min_age = atoi(optarg);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("before", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->min_age = approxidate(optarg);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("until", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->min_age = approxidate(optarg);
+		return argcount;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--first-parent")) {
 		revs->first_parent_only = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ancestry-path")) {
@@ -1295,6 +1305,10 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->pretty_given = 1;
 		get_commit_format(arg+8, revs);
 	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pretty=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--format=")) {
+		/*
+		 * Detached form ("--pretty X" as opposed to "--pretty=X")
+		 * not allowed, since the argument is optional.
+		 */
 		revs->verbose_header = 1;
 		revs->pretty_given = 1;
 		get_commit_format(arg+9, revs);
@@ -1359,21 +1373,25 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--relative-date")) {
 		revs->date_mode = DATE_RELATIVE;
 		revs->date_mode_explicit = 1;
-	} else if (!strncmp(arg, "--date=", 7)) {
-		revs->date_mode = parse_date_format(arg + 7);
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("date", argv, &optarg))) {
+		revs->date_mode = parse_date_format(optarg);
 		revs->date_mode_explicit = 1;
+		return argcount;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--log-size")) {
 		revs->show_log_size = 1;
 	}
 	/*
 	 * Grepping the commit log
 	 */
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--author=")) {
-		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR, arg+9);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--committer=")) {
-		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER, arg+12);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--grep=")) {
-		add_message_grep(revs, arg+7);
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("author", argv, &optarg))) {
+		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR, optarg);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("committer", argv, &optarg))) {
+		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER, optarg);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("grep", argv, &optarg))) {
+		add_message_grep(revs, optarg);
+		return argcount;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--extended-regexp") || !strcmp(arg, "-E")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--regexp-ignore-case") || !strcmp(arg, "-i")) {
@@ -1382,12 +1400,12 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->grep_filter.fixed = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all-match")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.all_match = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--encoding=")) {
-		arg += 11;
-		if (strcmp(arg, "none"))
-			git_log_output_encoding = xstrdup(arg);
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("encoding", argv, &optarg))) {
+		if (strcmp(optarg, "none"))
+			git_log_output_encoding = xstrdup(optarg);
 		else
 			git_log_output_encoding = "";
+		return argcount;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--reverse")) {
 		revs->reverse ^= 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--children")) {
@@ -1417,14 +1435,14 @@ void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 	ctx->argc -= n;
 }
 
-static int for_each_bad_bisect_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+static int for_each_bad_bisect_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/bad", fn, cb_data);
+	return for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, "refs/bisect/bad", fn, cb_data);
 }
 
-static int for_each_good_bisect_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+static int for_each_good_bisect_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/good", fn, cb_data);
+	return for_each_ref_in_submodule(submodule, "refs/bisect/good", fn, cb_data);
 }
 
 static void append_prune_data(const char ***prune_data, const char **av)
@@ -1466,6 +1484,12 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 {
 	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin, got_rev_arg = 0;
 	const char **prune_data = NULL;
+	const char *submodule = NULL;
+	const char *optarg;
+	int argcount;
+
+	if (opt)
+		submodule = opt->submodule;
 
 	/* First, search for "--" */
 	seen_dashdash = 0;
@@ -1490,32 +1514,33 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 			int opts;
 
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
-				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_ref);
-				handle_refs(revs, flags, head_ref);
+				handle_refs(submodule, revs, flags, for_each_ref_submodule);
+				handle_refs(submodule, revs, flags, head_ref_submodule);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
-				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_branch_ref);
+				handle_refs(submodule, revs, flags, for_each_branch_ref_submodule);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
-				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_bad_bisect_ref);
-				handle_refs(revs, flags ^ UNINTERESTING, for_each_good_bisect_ref);
+				handle_refs(submodule, revs, flags, for_each_bad_bisect_ref);
+				handle_refs(submodule, revs, flags ^ UNINTERESTING, for_each_good_bisect_ref);
 				revs->bisect = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
-				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_tag_ref);
+				handle_refs(submodule, revs, flags, for_each_tag_ref_submodule);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
-				handle_refs(revs, flags, for_each_remote_ref);
+				handle_refs(submodule, revs, flags, for_each_remote_ref_submodule);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=")) {
+			if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("glob", argv + i, &optarg))) {
 				struct all_refs_cb cb;
+				i += argcount - 1;
 				init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, flags);
-				for_each_glob_ref(handle_one_ref, arg + 7, &cb);
+				for_each_glob_ref(handle_one_ref, optarg, &cb);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=")) {
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index 36fdf22b29..05659c64ac 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ extern volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
 struct setup_revision_opt {
 	const char *def;
 	void (*tweak)(struct rev_info *, struct setup_revision_opt *);
+	const char *submodule;
 };
 
 extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix);
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 2769160527..a3b76de2bb 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -313,21 +313,129 @@ const char *read_gitfile_gently(const char *path)
 	return path;
 }
 
+static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
+				const char *work_tree_env, int *nongit_ok)
+{
+	static char buffer[1024 + 1];
+	const char *retval;
+
+	if (PATH_MAX - 40 < strlen(gitdirenv))
+		die("'$%s' too big", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (!is_git_directory(gitdirenv)) {
+		if (nongit_ok) {
+			*nongit_ok = 1;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		die("Not a git repository: '%s'", gitdirenv);
+	}
+	if (!work_tree_env) {
+		retval = set_work_tree(gitdirenv);
+		/* config may override worktree */
+		if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
+			return NULL;
+		return retval;
+	}
+	if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
+		return NULL;
+	retval = get_relative_cwd(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
+			get_git_work_tree());
+	if (!retval || !*retval)
+		return NULL;
+	set_git_dir(make_absolute_path(gitdirenv));
+	if (chdir(work_tree_env) < 0)
+		die_errno ("Could not chdir to '%s'", work_tree_env);
+	strcat(buffer, "/");
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int cwd_contains_git_dir(const char **gitfile_dirp)
+{
+	const char *gitfile_dir = read_gitfile_gently(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	*gitfile_dirp = gitfile_dir;
+	if (gitfile_dir) {
+		if (set_git_dir(gitfile_dir))
+			die("Repository setup failed");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return is_git_directory(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+}
+
+static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *work_tree_env,
+		int offset, int len, char *cwd, int *nongit_ok)
+{
+	int root_len;
+
+	inside_git_dir = 0;
+	if (!work_tree_env)
+		inside_work_tree = 1;
+	root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd);
+	git_work_tree_cfg = xstrndup(cwd, offset > root_len ? offset : root_len);
+	if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
+		return NULL;
+	if (offset == len)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Make "offset" point to past the '/', and add a '/' at the end */
+	offset++;
+	cwd[len++] = '/';
+	cwd[len] = 0;
+	return cwd + offset;
+}
+
+static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(const char *work_tree_env,
+		int offset, int len, char *cwd, int *nongit_ok)
+{
+	int root_len;
+
+	inside_git_dir = 1;
+	if (!work_tree_env)
+		inside_work_tree = 0;
+	if (offset != len) {
+		if (chdir(cwd))
+			die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
+		root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd);
+		cwd[offset > root_len ? offset : root_len] = '\0';
+		set_git_dir(cwd);
+	} else
+		set_git_dir(".");
+	check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *setup_nongit(const char *cwd, int *nongit_ok)
+{
+	if (!nongit_ok)
+		die("Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): %s", DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (chdir(cwd))
+		die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
+	*nongit_ok = 1;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static dev_t get_device_or_die(const char *path, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct stat buf;
+	if (stat(path, &buf))
+		die_errno("failed to stat '%s%s%s'",
+				prefix ? prefix : "",
+				prefix ? "/" : "", path);
+	return buf.st_dev;
+}
+
 /*
  * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
  * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
  */
-const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
+static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	const char *work_tree_env = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
 	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
 	static char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
 	const char *gitdirenv;
 	const char *gitfile_dir;
-	int len, offset, ceil_offset, root_len;
+	int len, offset, ceil_offset;
 	dev_t current_device = 0;
 	int one_filesystem = 1;
-	struct stat buf;
 
 	/*
 	 * Let's assume that we are in a git repository.
@@ -343,38 +451,8 @@ const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
 	 * validation.
 	 */
 	gitdirenv = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if (gitdirenv) {
-		if (PATH_MAX - 40 < strlen(gitdirenv))
-			die("'$%s' too big", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-		if (is_git_directory(gitdirenv)) {
-			static char buffer[1024 + 1];
-			const char *retval;
-
-			if (!work_tree_env) {
-				retval = set_work_tree(gitdirenv);
-				/* config may override worktree */
-				if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
-					return NULL;
-				return retval;
-			}
-			if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
-				return NULL;
-			retval = get_relative_cwd(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
-					get_git_work_tree());
-			if (!retval || !*retval)
-				return NULL;
-			set_git_dir(make_absolute_path(gitdirenv));
-			if (chdir(work_tree_env) < 0)
-				die_errno ("Could not chdir to '%s'", work_tree_env);
-			strcat(buffer, "/");
-			return retval;
-		}
-		if (nongit_ok) {
-			*nongit_ok = 1;
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		die("Not a git repository: '%s'", gitdirenv);
-	}
+	if (gitdirenv)
+		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, work_tree_env, nongit_ok);
 
 	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
 		die_errno("Unable to read current working directory");
@@ -396,49 +474,21 @@ const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
 	 */
 	offset = len = strlen(cwd);
 	one_filesystem = !git_env_bool("GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM", 0);
-	if (one_filesystem) {
-		if (stat(".", &buf))
-			die_errno("failed to stat '.'");
-		current_device = buf.st_dev;
-	}
+	if (one_filesystem)
+		current_device = get_device_or_die(".", NULL);
 	for (;;) {
-		gitfile_dir = read_gitfile_gently(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-		if (gitfile_dir) {
-			if (set_git_dir(gitfile_dir))
-				die("Repository setup failed");
-			break;
-		}
-		if (is_git_directory(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT))
-			break;
-		if (is_git_directory(".")) {
-			inside_git_dir = 1;
-			if (!work_tree_env)
-				inside_work_tree = 0;
-			if (offset != len) {
-				root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd);
-				cwd[offset > root_len ? offset : root_len] = '\0';
-				set_git_dir(cwd);
-			} else
-				set_git_dir(".");
-			check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok);
-			return NULL;
-		}
+		if (cwd_contains_git_dir(&gitfile_dir))
+			return setup_discovered_git_dir(work_tree_env, offset,
+							len, cwd, nongit_ok);
+		if (is_git_directory("."))
+			return setup_bare_git_dir(work_tree_env, offset,
+							len, cwd, nongit_ok);
 		while (--offset > ceil_offset && cwd[offset] != '/');
-		if (offset <= ceil_offset) {
-			if (nongit_ok) {
-				if (chdir(cwd))
-					die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
-				*nongit_ok = 1;
-				return NULL;
-			}
-			die("Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): %s", DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-		}
+		if (offset <= ceil_offset)
+			return setup_nongit(cwd, nongit_ok);
 		if (one_filesystem) {
-			if (stat("..", &buf)) {
-				cwd[offset] = '\0';
-				die_errno("failed to stat '%s/..'", cwd);
-			}
-			if (buf.st_dev != current_device) {
+			dev_t parent_device = get_device_or_die("..", cwd);
+			if (parent_device != current_device) {
 				if (nongit_ok) {
 					if (chdir(cwd))
 						die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
@@ -455,22 +505,16 @@ const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
 			die_errno("Cannot change to '%s/..'", cwd);
 		}
 	}
+}
 
-	inside_git_dir = 0;
-	if (!work_tree_env)
-		inside_work_tree = 1;
-	root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd);
-	git_work_tree_cfg = xstrndup(cwd, offset > root_len ? offset : root_len);
-	if (check_repository_format_gently(nongit_ok))
-		return NULL;
-	if (offset == len)
-		return NULL;
+const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
+{
+	const char *prefix;
 
-	/* Make "offset" point to past the '/', and add a '/' at the end */
-	offset++;
-	cwd[len++] = '/';
-	cwd[len] = 0;
-	return cwd + offset;
+	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
+	if (startup_info)
+		startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
+	return prefix;
 }
 
 int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value)
diff --git a/sha1_file.c b/sha1_file.c
index e42ef96d45..0cd9435619 100644
--- a/sha1_file.c
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@@ -2086,6 +2086,7 @@ void *read_sha1_file_repl(const unsigned char *sha1,
 {
 	const unsigned char *repl = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
 	void *data = read_object(repl, type, size);
+	char *path;
 
 	/* die if we replaced an object with one that does not exist */
 	if (!data && repl != sha1)
@@ -2093,8 +2094,16 @@ void *read_sha1_file_repl(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		    sha1_to_hex(repl), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	/* legacy behavior is to die on corrupted objects */
-	if (!data && (has_loose_object(repl) || has_packed_and_bad(repl)))
-		die("object %s is corrupted", sha1_to_hex(repl));
+	if (!data) {
+		if (has_loose_object(repl)) {
+			path = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+			die("loose object %s (stored in %s) is corrupted", sha1_to_hex(repl), path);
+		}
+		if (has_packed_and_bad(repl)) {
+			path = sha1_pack_name(sha1);
+			die("packed object %s (stored in %s) is corrupted", sha1_to_hex(repl), path);
+		}
+	}
 
 	if (replacement)
 		*replacement = repl;
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index 4d90eda19e..a0363dea20 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 {
 	int i = 0, cur_depth = 0;
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
-	struct object_array stack = {0, 0, NULL};
+	struct object_array stack = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct commit *commit = NULL;
 
 	while (commit || i < heads->nr || stack.nr) {
diff --git a/string-list.h b/string-list.h
index 680d600d16..494693898b 100644
--- a/string-list.h
+++ b/string-list.h
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ struct string_list
 	unsigned int strdup_strings:1;
 };
 
+#define STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
+#define STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP   { NULL, 0, 0, 1 }
+
 void print_string_list(const struct string_list *p, const char *text);
 void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
 
@@ -20,10 +23,12 @@ void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
 typedef void (*string_list_clear_func_t)(void *p, const char *str);
 void string_list_clear_func(struct string_list *list, string_list_clear_func_t clearfunc);
 
-/* Use this function to iterate over each item */
+/* Use this function or the macro below to iterate over each item */
 typedef int (*string_list_each_func_t)(struct string_list_item *, void *);
 int for_each_string_list(struct string_list *list,
 			 string_list_each_func_t, void *cb_data);
+#define for_each_string_list_item(item,list) \
+	for (item = (list)->items; item < (list)->items + (list)->nr; ++item)
 
 /* Use these functions only on sorted lists: */
 int string_list_has_string(const struct string_list *list, const char *string);
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index 61cb6e21dd..91a4758747 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "diffcore.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct string_list config_name_for_path;
+struct string_list config_ignore_for_name;
 
 static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 {
@@ -46,16 +51,90 @@ static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
+					     const char *path)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *path_option, *ignore_option;
+	path_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, path);
+	if (path_option) {
+		ignore_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, path_option->util);
+		if (ignore_option)
+			handle_ignore_submodules_arg(diffopt, ignore_option->util);
+	}
+}
+
+static int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void gitmodules_config(void)
+{
+	const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+	if (work_tree) {
+		struct strbuf gitmodules_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&gitmodules_path, work_tree);
+		strbuf_addstr(&gitmodules_path, "/.gitmodules");
+		git_config_from_file(submodule_config, gitmodules_path.buf, NULL);
+		strbuf_release(&gitmodules_path);
+	}
+}
+
+int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)
+{
+	int len;
+	struct string_list_item *config;
+	struct strbuf submodname = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	var += 10;		/* Skip "submodule." */
+
+	len = strlen(var);
+	if ((len > 5) && !strcmp(var + len - 5, ".path")) {
+		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 5);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, value);
+		if (config)
+			free(config->util);
+		else
+			config = string_list_append(&config_name_for_path, xstrdup(value));
+		config->util = strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL);
+		strbuf_release(&submodname);
+	} else if ((len > 7) && !strcmp(var + len - 7, ".ignore")) {
+		if (strcmp(value, "untracked") && strcmp(value, "dirty") &&
+		    strcmp(value, "all") && strcmp(value, "none")) {
+			warning("Invalid parameter \"%s\" for config option \"submodule.%s.ignore\"", value, var);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 7);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, submodname.buf);
+		if (config)
+			free(config->util);
+		else
+			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name,
+						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
+		strbuf_release(&submodname);
+		config->util = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 				  const char *arg)
 {
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(diffopt, IGNORE_UNTRACKED_IN_SUBMODULES);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
+
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "all"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(diffopt, IGNORE_SUBMODULES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "untracked"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(diffopt, IGNORE_UNTRACKED_IN_SUBMODULES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "dirty"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
-	else
+	else if (strcmp(arg, "none"))
 		die("bad --ignore-submodules argument: %s", arg);
 }
 
@@ -218,3 +297,163 @@ unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return dirty_submodule;
 }
+
+static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
+		struct commit *a, struct commit *b)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct object_array merges;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	int contains_another;
+
+	char merged_revision[42];
+	const char *rev_args[] = { "rev-list", "--merges", "--ancestry-path",
+				   "--all", merged_revision, NULL };
+	struct rev_info revs;
+	struct setup_revision_opt rev_opts;
+
+	memset(&merges, 0, sizeof(merges));
+	memset(result, 0, sizeof(struct object_array));
+	memset(&rev_opts, 0, sizeof(rev_opts));
+
+	/* get all revisions that merge commit a */
+	snprintf(merged_revision, sizeof(merged_revision), "^%s",
+			sha1_to_hex(a->object.sha1));
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	rev_opts.submodule = path;
+	setup_revisions(sizeof(rev_args)/sizeof(char *)-1, rev_args, &revs, &rev_opts);
+
+	/* save all revisions from the above list that contain b */
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
+		struct object *o = &(commit->object);
+		if (in_merge_bases(b, &commit, 1))
+			add_object_array(o, NULL, &merges);
+	}
+
+	/* Now we've got all merges that contain a and b. Prune all
+	 * merges that contain another found merge and save them in
+	 * result.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < merges.nr; i++) {
+		struct commit *m1 = (struct commit *) merges.objects[i].item;
+
+		contains_another = 0;
+		for (j = 0; j < merges.nr; j++) {
+			struct commit *m2 = (struct commit *) merges.objects[j].item;
+			if (i != j && in_merge_bases(m2, &m1, 1)) {
+				contains_another = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!contains_another)
+			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item,
+					 merges.objects[i].name, result);
+	}
+
+	free(merges.objects);
+	return result->nr;
+}
+
+static void print_commit(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+	format_commit_message(commit, " %h: %m %s", &sb, &ctx);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+#define MERGE_WARNING(path, msg) \
+	warning("Failed to merge submodule %s (%s)", path, msg);
+
+int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path,
+		    const unsigned char base[20], const unsigned char a[20],
+		    const unsigned char b[20])
+{
+	struct commit *commit_base, *commit_a, *commit_b;
+	int parent_count;
+	struct object_array merges;
+
+	int i;
+
+	/* store a in result in case we fail */
+	hashcpy(result, a);
+
+	/* we can not handle deletion conflicts */
+	if (is_null_sha1(base))
+		return 0;
+	if (is_null_sha1(a))
+		return 0;
+	if (is_null_sha1(b))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (add_submodule_odb(path)) {
+		MERGE_WARNING(path, "not checked out");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!(commit_base = lookup_commit_reference(base)) ||
+	    !(commit_a = lookup_commit_reference(a)) ||
+	    !(commit_b = lookup_commit_reference(b))) {
+		MERGE_WARNING(path, "commits not present");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* check whether both changes are forward */
+	if (!in_merge_bases(commit_base, &commit_a, 1) ||
+	    !in_merge_bases(commit_base, &commit_b, 1)) {
+		MERGE_WARNING(path, "commits don't follow merge-base");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Case #1: a is contained in b or vice versa */
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit_a, &commit_b, 1)) {
+		hashcpy(result, b);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit_b, &commit_a, 1)) {
+		hashcpy(result, a);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Case #2: There are one or more merges that contain a and b in
+	 * the submodule. If there is only one, then present it as a
+	 * suggestion to the user, but leave it marked unmerged so the
+	 * user needs to confirm the resolution.
+	 */
+
+	/* find commit which merges them */
+	parent_count = find_first_merges(&merges, path, commit_a, commit_b);
+	switch (parent_count) {
+	case 0:
+		MERGE_WARNING(path, "merge following commits not found");
+		break;
+
+	case 1:
+		MERGE_WARNING(path, "not fast-forward");
+		fprintf(stderr, "Found a possible merge resolution "
+				"for the submodule:\n");
+		print_commit((struct commit *) merges.objects[0].item);
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"If this is correct simply add it to the index "
+			"for example\n"
+			"by using:\n\n"
+			"  git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 %s \"%s\"\n\n"
+			"which will accept this suggestion.\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(merges.objects[0].item->sha1), path);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		MERGE_WARNING(path, "multiple merges found");
+		for (i = 0; i < merges.nr; i++)
+			print_commit((struct commit *) merges.objects[i].item);
+	}
+
+	free(merges.objects);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index 6fd3bb4070..386f410a66 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -3,11 +3,17 @@
 
 struct diff_options;
 
+void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
+		const char *path);
+void gitmodules_config();
+int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value);
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt, const char *);
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
 		unsigned dirty_submodule,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset);
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked);
+int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path, const unsigned char base[20],
+		    const unsigned char a[20], const unsigned char b[20]);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index 0d1183c3e6..410499a096 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -467,6 +467,13 @@ library for your script to use.
    <expected> file.  This behaves like "cmp" but produces more
    helpful output when the test is run with "-v" option.
 
+ - test_path_is_file <file> [<diagnosis>]
+   test_path_is_dir <dir> [<diagnosis>]
+   test_path_is_missing <path> [<diagnosis>]
+
+   Check whether a file/directory exists or doesn't. <diagnosis> will
+   be displayed if the test fails.
+
  - test_when_finished <script>
 
    Prepend <script> to a list of commands to run to clean up
diff --git a/t/lib-rebase.sh b/t/lib-rebase.sh
index 6aefe27593..6ccf797091 100644
--- a/t/lib-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/lib-rebase.sh
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
 	case $line in
 	squash|fixup|edit|reword)
 		action="$line";;
+	exec*)
+		echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
 	"#")
 		echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
 	">")
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
index 53bd7fcc4a..de38c7f7aa 100755
--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ test_expect_success 'attribute test' '
 	attr_check a/b/g a/b/g &&
 	attr_check b/g unspecified &&
 	attr_check a/b/h a/b/h &&
-	attr_check a/b/d/g "a/b/d/*"
-	attr_check onoff unset
-	attr_check offon set
-	attr_check no unspecified
-	attr_check a/b/d/no "a/b/d/*"
+	attr_check a/b/d/g "a/b/d/*" &&
+	attr_check onoff unset &&
+	attr_check offon set &&
+	attr_check no unspecified &&
+	attr_check a/b/d/no "a/b/d/*" &&
 	attr_check a/b/d/yes unspecified
 
 '
diff --git a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
index 0c562bb820..93ca84f9e6 100755
--- a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'a/b (untracked) vs a, plus c/d case test.' \
-    '! git read-tree -u -m "$treeH" "$treeM" &&
+    'test_must_fail git read-tree -u -m "$treeH" "$treeM" &&
      git ls-files --stage &&
      test -f a/b'
 
diff --git a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
index 62246dbf95..9a07de1a5b 100755
--- a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
+++ b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,30 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='sparse checkout tests'
+test_description='sparse checkout tests
+
+* (tag: removed, master) removed
+| D	sub/added
+* (HEAD, tag: top) modified and added
+| M	init.t
+| A	sub/added
+* (tag: init) init
+  A	init.t
+'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-cat >expected <<EOF
-100644 77f0ba1734ed79d12881f81b36ee134de6a3327b 0	init.t
-100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	sub/added
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 77f0ba1734ed79d12881f81b36ee134de6a3327b 0	init.t
+	100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	sub/added
+	EOF
+	cat >expected.swt <<-\EOF &&
+	H init.t
+	H sub/added
+	EOF
+
 	test_commit init &&
-	echo modified >> init.t &&
+	echo modified >>init.t &&
 	mkdir sub &&
 	touch sub/added &&
 	git add init.t sub/added &&
@@ -20,26 +34,22 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git commit -m removed &&
 	git tag removed &&
 	git checkout top &&
-	git ls-files --stage > result &&
+	git ls-files --stage >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-cat >expected.swt <<EOF
-H init.t
-H sub/added
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'read-tree without .git/info/sparse-checkout' '
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
-	git ls-files --stage > result &&
+	git ls-files --stage >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result &&
-	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	git ls-files -t >result &&
 	test_cmp expected.swt result
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree with .git/info/sparse-checkout but disabled' '
-	echo > .git/info/sparse-checkout
+	echo >.git/info/sparse-checkout
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
-	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	git ls-files -t >result &&
 	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
 	test -f init.t &&
 	test -f sub/added
@@ -47,9 +57,9 @@ test_expect_success 'read-tree with .git/info/sparse-checkout but disabled' '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree --no-sparse-checkout with empty .git/info/sparse-checkout and enabled' '
 	git config core.sparsecheckout true &&
-	echo > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git read-tree --no-sparse-checkout -m -u HEAD &&
-	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	git ls-files -t >result &&
 	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
 	test -f init.t &&
 	test -f sub/added
@@ -57,94 +67,113 @@ test_expect_success 'read-tree --no-sparse-checkout with empty .git/info/sparse-
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree with empty .git/info/sparse-checkout' '
 	git config core.sparsecheckout true &&
-	echo > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	test_must_fail git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
-	git ls-files --stage > result &&
+	git ls-files --stage >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result &&
-	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	git ls-files -t >result &&
 	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
 	test -f init.t &&
 	test -f sub/added
 '
 
-cat >expected.swt <<EOF
-S init.t
-H sub/added
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'match directories with trailing slash' '
+	cat >expected.swt-noinit <<-\EOF &&
+	S init.t
+	H sub/added
+	EOF
+
 	echo sub/ > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
 	git ls-files -t > result &&
-	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt-noinit result &&
 	test ! -f init.t &&
 	test -f sub/added
 '
 
-cat >expected.swt <<EOF
-H init.t
-H sub/added
-EOF
 test_expect_failure 'match directories without trailing slash' '
-	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
-	echo sub >> .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo sub >>.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
-	git ls-files -t > result &&
+	git ls-files -t >result &&
 	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
 	test ! -f init.t &&
 	test -f sub/added
 '
 
-cat >expected.swt <<EOF
-H init.t
-S sub/added
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'checkout area changes' '
-	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	cat >expected.swt-nosub <<-\EOF &&
+	H init.t
+	S sub/added
+	EOF
+
+	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD &&
-	git ls-files -t > result &&
-	test_cmp expected.swt result &&
+	git ls-files -t >result &&
+	test_cmp expected.swt-nosub result &&
 	test -f init.t &&
 	test ! -f sub/added
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree updates worktree, absent case' '
-	echo sub/added > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo sub/added >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git checkout -f top &&
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
 	test ! -f init.t
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree updates worktree, dirty case' '
-	echo sub/added > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo sub/added >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git checkout -f top &&
-	echo dirty > init.t &&
+	echo dirty >init.t &&
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
 	grep -q dirty init.t &&
 	rm init.t
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree removes worktree, dirty case' '
-	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git checkout -f top &&
-	echo dirty > added &&
+	echo dirty >added &&
 	git read-tree -m -u HEAD^ &&
 	grep -q dirty added
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree adds to worktree, absent case' '
-	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git checkout -f removed &&
 	git read-tree -u -m HEAD^ &&
 	test ! -f sub/added
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree adds to worktree, dirty case' '
-	echo init.t > .git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
 	git checkout -f removed &&
 	mkdir sub &&
-	echo dirty > sub/added &&
+	echo dirty >sub/added &&
 	git read-tree -u -m HEAD^ &&
 	grep -q dirty sub/added
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'index removal and worktree narrowing at the same time' '
+	>empty &&
+	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	echo sub/added >>.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout removed &&
+	git ls-files sub/added >result &&
+	test ! -f sub/added &&
+	test_cmp empty result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree --reset removes outside worktree' '
+	>empty &&
+	echo init.t >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	git reset --hard removed &&
+	git ls-files sub/added >result &&
+	test_cmp empty result
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1501-worktree.sh b/t/t1501-worktree.sh
index bd8b60732b..2c8f01f668 100755
--- a/t/t1501-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t1501-worktree.sh
@@ -3,183 +3,320 @@
 test_description='test separate work tree'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_rev_parse() {
-	name=$1
-	shift
-
-	test_expect_success "$name: is-bare-repository" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository)\""
-	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
-
-	test_expect_success "$name: is-inside-git-dir" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir)\""
-	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
-
-	test_expect_success "$name: is-inside-work-tree" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree)\""
-	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
-
-	test_expect_success "$name: prefix" \
-	"test '$1' = \"\$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)\""
-	shift
-	[ $# -eq 0 ] && return
-}
-
-EMPTY_TREE=$(git write-tree)
-mkdir -p work/sub/dir || exit 1
-mkdir -p work2 || exit 1
-mv .git repo.git || exit 1
-
-say "core.worktree = relative path"
-GIT_DIR=repo.git
-GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config
-export GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
-unset GIT_WORK_TREE
-git config core.worktree ../work
-test_rev_parse 'outside'      false false false
-cd work || exit 1
-GIT_DIR=../repo.git
-GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config
-test_rev_parse 'inside'       false false true ''
-cd sub/dir || exit 1
-GIT_DIR=../../../repo.git
-GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config
-test_rev_parse 'subdirectory' false false true sub/dir/
-cd ../../.. || exit 1
-
-say "core.worktree = absolute path"
-GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git
-GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config
-git config core.worktree "$(pwd)/work"
-test_rev_parse 'outside'      false false false
-cd work2
-test_rev_parse 'outside2'     false false false
-cd ../work || exit 1
-test_rev_parse 'inside'       false false true ''
-cd sub/dir || exit 1
-test_rev_parse 'subdirectory' false false true sub/dir/
-cd ../../.. || exit 1
-
-say "GIT_WORK_TREE=relative path (override core.worktree)"
-GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git
-GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config
-git config core.worktree non-existent
-GIT_WORK_TREE=work
-export GIT_WORK_TREE
-test_rev_parse 'outside'      false false false
-cd work2
-test_rev_parse 'outside'      false false false
-cd ../work || exit 1
-GIT_WORK_TREE=.
-test_rev_parse 'inside'       false false true ''
-cd sub/dir || exit 1
-GIT_WORK_TREE=../..
-test_rev_parse 'subdirectory' false false true sub/dir/
-cd ../../.. || exit 1
-
-mv work repo.git/work
-mv work2 repo.git/work2
-
-say "GIT_WORK_TREE=absolute path, work tree below git dir"
-GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git
-GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config
-GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd)/repo.git/work
-test_rev_parse 'outside'              false false false
-cd repo.git || exit 1
-test_rev_parse 'in repo.git'              false true  false
-cd objects || exit 1
-test_rev_parse 'in repo.git/objects'      false true  false
-cd ../work2 || exit 1
-test_rev_parse 'in repo.git/work2'      false true  false
-cd ../work || exit 1
-test_rev_parse 'in repo.git/work'         false true true ''
-cd sub/dir || exit 1
-test_rev_parse 'in repo.git/sub/dir' false true true sub/dir/
-cd ../../../.. || exit 1
-
-test_expect_success 'repo finds its work tree' '
-	(cd repo.git &&
-	 : > work/sub/dir/untracked &&
-	 test sub/dir/untracked = "$(git ls-files --others)")
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'repo finds its work tree from work tree, too' '
-	(cd repo.git/work/sub/dir &&
-	 : > tracked &&
-	 git --git-dir=../../.. add tracked &&
-	 cd ../../.. &&
-	 test sub/dir/tracked = "$(git ls-files)")
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	EMPTY_TREE=$(git write-tree) &&
+	EMPTY_BLOB=$(git hash-object -t blob --stdin </dev/null) &&
+	CHANGED_BLOB=$(echo changed | git hash-object -t blob --stdin) &&
+	ZEROES=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 &&
+	EMPTY_BLOB7=$(echo $EMPTY_BLOB | sed "s/\(.......\).*/\1/") &&
+	CHANGED_BLOB7=$(echo $CHANGED_BLOB | sed "s/\(.......\).*/\1/") &&
+
+	mkdir -p work/sub/dir &&
+	mkdir -p work2 &&
+	mv .git repo.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: helper for testing rev-parse' '
+	test_rev_parse() {
+		echo $1 >expected.bare &&
+		echo $2 >expected.inside-git &&
+		echo $3 >expected.inside-worktree &&
+		if test $# -ge 4
+		then
+			echo $4 >expected.prefix
+		fi &&
+
+		git rev-parse --is-bare-repository >actual.bare &&
+		git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir >actual.inside-git &&
+		git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree >actual.inside-worktree &&
+		if test $# -ge 4
+		then
+			git rev-parse --show-prefix >actual.prefix
+		fi &&
+
+		test_cmp expected.bare actual.bare &&
+		test_cmp expected.inside-git actual.inside-git &&
+		test_cmp expected.inside-worktree actual.inside-worktree &&
+		if test $# -ge 4
+		then
+			# rev-parse --show-prefix should output
+			# a single newline when at the top of the work tree,
+			# but we test for that separately.
+			test -z "$4" && ! test -s actual.prefix ||
+			test_cmp expected.prefix actual.prefix
+		fi
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: core.worktree = relative path' '
+	unset GIT_WORK_TREE;
+	GIT_DIR=repo.git &&
+	GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config &&
+	export GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG &&
+	git config core.worktree ../work
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'outside' '
+	test_rev_parse false false false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'inside work tree' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		GIT_DIR=../repo.git &&
+		GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config &&
+		test_rev_parse false false true ""
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'empty prefix is actually written out' '
+	echo >expected &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		GIT_DIR=../repo.git &&
+		GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config &&
+		git rev-parse --show-prefix >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir of work tree' '
+	(
+		cd work/sub/dir &&
+		GIT_DIR=../../../repo.git &&
+		GIT_CONFIG="$(pwd)"/$GIT_DIR/config &&
+		test_rev_parse false false true sub/dir/
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: core.worktree = absolute path' '
+	unset GIT_WORK_TREE;
+	GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git &&
+	GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config &&
+	export GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG &&
+	git config core.worktree "$(pwd)/work"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'outside' '
+	test_rev_parse false false false &&
+	(
+		cd work2 &&
+		test_rev_parse false false false
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'inside work tree' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		test_rev_parse false false true ""
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir of work tree' '
+	(
+		cd work/sub/dir &&
+		test_rev_parse false false true sub/dir/
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: GIT_WORK_TREE=relative (override core.worktree)' '
+	GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git &&
+	GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config &&
+	git config core.worktree non-existent &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=work &&
+	export GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG GIT_WORK_TREE
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'outside' '
+	test_rev_parse false false false &&
+	(
+		cd work2 &&
+		test_rev_parse false false false
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'inside work tree' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. &&
+		test_rev_parse false false true ""
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir of work tree' '
+	(
+		cd work/sub/dir &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=../.. &&
+		test_rev_parse false false true sub/dir/
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: GIT_WORK_TREE=absolute, below git dir' '
+	mv work repo.git/work &&
+	mv work2 repo.git/work2 &&
+	GIT_DIR=$(pwd)/repo.git &&
+	GIT_CONFIG=$GIT_DIR/config &&
+	GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd)/repo.git/work &&
+	export GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG GIT_WORK_TREE
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'outside' '
+	echo outside &&
+	test_rev_parse false false false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in repo.git' '
+	(
+		cd repo.git &&
+		test_rev_parse false true false
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd repo.git/objects &&
+		test_rev_parse false true false
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd repo.git/work2 &&
+		test_rev_parse false true false
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'inside work tree' '
+	(
+		cd repo.git/work &&
+		test_rev_parse false true true ""
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir of work tree' '
+	(
+		cd repo.git/work/sub/dir &&
+		test_rev_parse false true true sub/dir/
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find work tree from repo' '
+	echo sub/dir/untracked >expected &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >repo.git/work/.gitignore &&
+	expected.*
+	actual.*
+	.gitignore
+	EOF
+	>repo.git/work/sub/dir/untracked &&
+	(
+		cd repo.git &&
+		git ls-files --others --exclude-standard >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find work tree from work tree' '
+	echo sub/dir/tracked >expected &&
+	>repo.git/work/sub/dir/tracked &&
+	(
+		cd repo.git/work/sub/dir &&
+		git --git-dir=../../.. add tracked
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd repo.git &&
+		git ls-files >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '_gently() groks relative GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE' '
-	(cd repo.git/work/sub/dir &&
-	GIT_DIR=../../.. GIT_WORK_TREE=../.. GIT_PAGER= \
+	(
+		cd repo.git/work/sub/dir &&
+		GIT_DIR=../../.. &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=../.. &&
+		GIT_PAGER= &&
+		export GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_PAGER &&
+
 		git diff --exit-code tracked &&
-	echo changed > tracked &&
-	! GIT_DIR=../../.. GIT_WORK_TREE=../.. GIT_PAGER= \
-		git diff --exit-code tracked)
-'
-cat > diff-index-cached.expected <<\EOF
-:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 A	sub/dir/tracked
-EOF
-cat > diff-index.expected <<\EOF
-:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 A	sub/dir/tracked
-EOF
-
-
-test_expect_success 'git diff-index' '
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work git diff-index $EMPTY_TREE > result &&
-	test_cmp diff-index.expected result &&
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git git diff-index --cached $EMPTY_TREE > result &&
-	test_cmp diff-index-cached.expected result
-'
-cat >diff-files.expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	sub/dir/tracked
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work git diff-files > result &&
-	test_cmp diff-files.expected result
-'
-
-cat >diff-TREE.expected <<\EOF
-diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..5ea2ed4
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sub/dir/tracked
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+changed
-EOF
-cat >diff-TREE-cached.expected <<\EOF
-diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..e69de29
-EOF
-cat >diff-FILES.expected <<\EOF
-diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
-index e69de29..5ea2ed4 100644
---- a/sub/dir/tracked
-+++ b/sub/dir/tracked
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+changed
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'git diff' '
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work git diff $EMPTY_TREE > result &&
-	test_cmp diff-TREE.expected result &&
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git git diff --cached $EMPTY_TREE > result &&
-	test_cmp diff-TREE-cached.expected result &&
-	GIT_DIR=repo.git GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work git diff > result &&
-	test_cmp diff-FILES.expected result
+		echo changed >tracked &&
+		test_must_fail git diff --exit-code tracked
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index respects work tree under .git dir' '
+	cat >diff-index-cached.expected <<-EOF &&
+	:000000 100644 $ZEROES $EMPTY_BLOB A	sub/dir/tracked
+	EOF
+	cat >diff-index.expected <<-EOF &&
+	:000000 100644 $ZEROES $ZEROES A	sub/dir/tracked
+	EOF
+
+	(
+		GIT_DIR=repo.git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work &&
+		export GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		git diff-index $EMPTY_TREE >diff-index.actual &&
+		git diff-index --cached $EMPTY_TREE >diff-index-cached.actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp diff-index.expected diff-index.actual &&
+	test_cmp diff-index-cached.expected diff-index-cached.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-files respects work tree under .git dir' '
+	cat >diff-files.expected <<-EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 $EMPTY_BLOB $ZEROES M	sub/dir/tracked
+	EOF
+
+	(
+		GIT_DIR=repo.git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work &&
+		export GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		git diff-files >diff-files.actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp diff-files.expected diff-files.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff respects work tree under .git dir' '
+	cat >diff-TREE.expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$CHANGED_BLOB7
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sub/dir/tracked
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+changed
+	EOF
+	cat >diff-TREE-cached.expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$EMPTY_BLOB7
+	EOF
+	cat >diff-FILES.expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sub/dir/tracked b/sub/dir/tracked
+	index $EMPTY_BLOB7..$CHANGED_BLOB7 100644
+	--- a/sub/dir/tracked
+	+++ b/sub/dir/tracked
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+changed
+	EOF
+
+	(
+		GIT_DIR=repo.git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=repo.git/work &&
+		export GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		git diff $EMPTY_TREE >diff-TREE.actual &&
+		git diff --cached $EMPTY_TREE >diff-TREE-cached.actual &&
+		git diff >diff-FILES.actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp diff-TREE.expected diff-TREE.actual &&
+	test_cmp diff-TREE-cached.expected diff-TREE-cached.actual &&
+	test_cmp diff-FILES.expected diff-FILES.actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git grep' '
-	(cd repo.git/work/sub &&
-	GIT_DIR=../.. GIT_WORK_TREE=.. git grep -l changed | grep dir/tracked)
+	echo dir/tracked >expected.grep &&
+	(
+		cd repo.git/work/sub &&
+		GIT_DIR=../.. &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=.. &&
+		export GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		git grep -l changed >../../../actual.grep
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected.grep actual.grep
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git commit' '
@@ -191,14 +328,14 @@ test_expect_success 'git commit' '
 
 test_expect_success 'absolute pathspec should fail gracefully' '
 	(
-		cd repo.git || exit 1
-		git config --unset core.worktree
+		cd repo.git &&
+		test_might_fail git config --unset core.worktree &&
 		test_must_fail git log HEAD -- /home
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'make_relative_path handles double slashes in GIT_DIR' '
-	: > dummy_file
+	>dummy_file
 	echo git --git-dir="$(pwd)//repo.git" --work-tree="$(pwd)" add dummy_file &&
 	git --git-dir="$(pwd)//repo.git" --work-tree="$(pwd)" add dummy_file
 '
diff --git a/t/t2018-checkout-branch.sh b/t/t2018-checkout-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fa69016381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2018-checkout-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout '
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Arguments: <branch> <sha> [<checkout options>]
+#
+# Runs "git checkout" to switch to <branch>, testing that
+#
+#   1) we are on the specified branch, <branch>;
+#   2) HEAD is <sha>; if <sha> is not specified, the old HEAD is used.
+#
+# If <checkout options> is not specified, "git checkout" is run with -b.
+do_checkout() {
+	exp_branch=$1 &&
+	exp_ref="refs/heads/$exp_branch" &&
+
+	# if <sha> is not specified, use HEAD.
+	exp_sha=${2:-$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)} &&
+
+	# default options for git checkout: -b
+	if [ -z "$3" ]; then
+		opts="-b"
+	else
+		opts="$3"
+	fi
+
+	git checkout $opts $exp_branch $exp_sha &&
+
+	test $exp_ref = $(git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name HEAD) &&
+	test $exp_sha = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+}
+
+test_dirty_unmergeable() {
+	! git diff --exit-code >/dev/null
+}
+
+setup_dirty_unmergeable() {
+	echo >>file1 change2
+}
+
+test_dirty_mergeable() {
+	! git diff --cached --exit-code >/dev/null
+}
+
+setup_dirty_mergeable() {
+	echo >file2 file2 &&
+	git add file2
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit initial file1 &&
+	HEAD1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+
+	test_commit change1 file1 &&
+	HEAD2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+
+	git branch -m branch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -b to a new branch, set to HEAD' '
+	do_checkout branch2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -b to a new branch, set to an explicit ref' '
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+	git branch -D branch2 &&
+
+	do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -b to a new branch with unmergeable changes fails' '
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+
+	# clean up from previous test
+	git branch -D branch2 &&
+
+	setup_dirty_unmergeable &&
+	test_must_fail do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 &&
+	test_dirty_unmergeable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -f -b to a new branch with unmergeable changes discards changes' '
+	# still dirty and on branch1
+	do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 "-f -b" &&
+	test_must_fail test_dirty_unmergeable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -b to a new branch preserves mergeable changes' '
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+
+	# clean up from previous test
+	git branch -D branch2 &&
+
+	setup_dirty_mergeable &&
+	do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 &&
+	test_dirty_mergeable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -f -b to a new branch with mergeable changes discards changes' '
+	# clean up from previous test
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+
+	# clean up from previous test
+	git branch -D branch2 &&
+
+	setup_dirty_mergeable &&
+	do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 "-f -b" &&
+	test_must_fail test_dirty_mergeable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -b to an existing branch fails' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+
+	test_must_fail do_checkout branch2 $HEAD2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -B to an existing branch resets branch to HEAD' '
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+
+	do_checkout branch2 "" -B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -B to an existing branch from detached HEAD resets branch to HEAD' '
+	git checkout $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+
+	do_checkout branch2 "" -B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -B to an existing branch with an explicit ref resets branch to that ref' '
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+
+	do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 -B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -B to an existing branch with unmergeable changes fails' '
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+
+	setup_dirty_unmergeable &&
+	test_must_fail do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 -B &&
+	test_dirty_unmergeable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -f -B to an existing branch with unmergeable changes discards changes' '
+	# still dirty and on branch1
+	do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 "-f -B" &&
+	test_must_fail test_dirty_unmergeable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -B to an existing branch preserves mergeable changes' '
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+
+	setup_dirty_mergeable &&
+	do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 -B &&
+	test_dirty_mergeable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -f -B to an existing branch with mergeable changes discards changes' '
+	# clean up from previous test
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	git checkout branch1 &&
+
+	setup_dirty_mergeable &&
+	do_checkout branch2 $HEAD1 "-f -B" &&
+	test_must_fail test_dirty_mergeable
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
index d541544537..efe2900a37 100755
--- a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
+++ b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fail if the index has unresolved entries' '
 	grep "You have not concluded your merge" out &&
 	rm -f .git/MERGE_HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git merge "$c5" 2> out &&
-	grep "Your local changes to .* would be overwritten by merge." out
+	grep "Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-recursive remove conflict' '
diff --git a/t/t3301-notes.sh b/t/t3301-notes.sh
index 1d82f79ee0..96b75813d7 100755
--- a/t/t3301-notes.sh
+++ b/t/t3301-notes.sh
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ cat expect-F >> expect-rm-F
 test_expect_success 'verify note removal with -F /dev/null' '
 	git log -4 > output &&
 	test_cmp expect-rm-F output &&
-	! git notes show
+	test_must_fail git notes show
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not create empty note with -m "" (setup)' '
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ test_expect_success 'do not create empty note with -m "" (setup)' '
 test_expect_success 'verify non-creation of note with -m ""' '
 	git log -4 > output &&
 	test_cmp expect-rm-F output &&
-	! git notes show
+	test_must_fail git notes show
 '
 
 cat > expect-combine_m_and_F << EOF
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ cat expect-multiline >> expect-rm-remove
 test_expect_success 'verify note removal with "git notes remove"' '
 	git log -4 > output &&
 	test_cmp expect-rm-remove output &&
-	! git notes show HEAD^
+	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
diff --git a/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh b/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
index 361a10aeb1..8ab333dbd9 100755
--- a/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
+++ b/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ time_notes () {
 	for mode in no-notes notes
 	do
 		echo $mode
-		/usr/bin/time sh ../time_notes $mode $1
+		/usr/bin/time "$SHELL_PATH" ../time_notes $mode $1
 	done
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t3306-notes-prune.sh b/t/t3306-notes-prune.sh
index b4554041b4..c4282179b3 100755
--- a/t/t3306-notes-prune.sh
+++ b/t/t3306-notes-prune.sh
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ test_expect_success 'remove some commits' '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify that commits are gone' '
 
-	! git cat-file -p 5ee1c35e83ea47cd3cc4f8cbee0568915fbbbd29 &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -p 5ee1c35e83ea47cd3cc4f8cbee0568915fbbbd29 &&
 	git cat-file -p 08341ad9e94faa089d60fd3f523affb25c6da189 &&
 	git cat-file -p ab5f302035f2e7aaf04265f08b42034c23256e1f
 '
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ test_expect_success 'prune notes' '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify that notes are gone' '
 
-	! git notes show 5ee1c35e83ea47cd3cc4f8cbee0568915fbbbd29 &&
+	test_must_fail git notes show 5ee1c35e83ea47cd3cc4f8cbee0568915fbbbd29 &&
 	git notes show 08341ad9e94faa089d60fd3f523affb25c6da189 &&
 	git notes show ab5f302035f2e7aaf04265f08b42034c23256e1f
 '
@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ test_expect_success 'prune -v notes' '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify that notes are gone' '
 
-	! git notes show 5ee1c35e83ea47cd3cc4f8cbee0568915fbbbd29 &&
-	! git notes show 08341ad9e94faa089d60fd3f523affb25c6da189 &&
+	test_must_fail git notes show 5ee1c35e83ea47cd3cc4f8cbee0568915fbbbd29 &&
+	test_must_fail git notes show 08341ad9e94faa089d60fd3f523affb25c6da189 &&
 	git notes show ab5f302035f2e7aaf04265f08b42034c23256e1f
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3400-rebase.sh b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
index d98c7b5571..349eebd542 100755
--- a/t/t3400-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
@@ -14,140 +14,165 @@ GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=author@name
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus@email@address
 export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare repository with topic branches' \
-    'git config core.logAllRefUpdates true &&
-     echo First > A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Add A." &&
-     git checkout -b my-topic-branch &&
-     echo Second > B &&
-     git update-index --add B &&
-     git commit -m "Add B." &&
-     git checkout -f master &&
-     echo Third >> A &&
-     git update-index A &&
-     git commit -m "Modify A." &&
-     git checkout -b side my-topic-branch &&
-     echo Side >> C &&
-     git add C &&
-     git commit -m "Add C" &&
-     git checkout -b nonlinear my-topic-branch &&
-     echo Edit >> B &&
-     git add B &&
-     git commit -m "Modify B" &&
-     git merge side &&
-     git checkout -b upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-     git merge master &&
-     git checkout -f my-topic-branch &&
-     git tag topic
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository with topic branches' '
+	git config core.logAllRefUpdates true &&
+	echo First >A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Add A." &&
+	git checkout -b force-3way &&
+	echo Dummy >Y &&
+	git update-index --add Y &&
+	git commit -m "Add Y." &&
+	git checkout -b filemove &&
+	git reset --soft master &&
+	mkdir D &&
+	git mv A D/A &&
+	git commit -m "Move A." &&
+	git checkout -b my-topic-branch master &&
+	echo Second >B &&
+	git update-index --add B &&
+	git commit -m "Add B." &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	echo Third >>A &&
+	git update-index A &&
+	git commit -m "Modify A." &&
+	git checkout -b side my-topic-branch &&
+	echo Side >>C &&
+	git add C &&
+	git commit -m "Add C" &&
+	git checkout -b nonlinear my-topic-branch &&
+	echo Edit >>B &&
+	git add B &&
+	git commit -m "Modify B" &&
+	git merge side &&
+	git checkout -b upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
+	git merge master &&
+	git checkout -f my-topic-branch &&
+	git tag topic
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase on dirty worktree' '
-     echo dirty >> A &&
-     test_must_fail git rebase master'
+	echo dirty >>A &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase master
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase on dirty cache' '
-     git add A &&
-     test_must_fail git rebase master'
+	git add A &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase master
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase against master' '
-     git reset --hard HEAD &&
-     git rebase master'
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	git rebase master
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
-     git rebase master >out &&
-     grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
+	git rebase master >out &&
+	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
-     git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
-     grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
+	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
+	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
-     git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-     git rebase master my-topic-branch >out &&
-     grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
+	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
+	git rebase master my-topic-branch >out &&
+	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
-     git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-     git rebase my-topic-branch >out &&
-     grep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
+	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
+	git rebase my-topic-branch >out &&
+	grep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information' \
-    '! (git log | grep "Author:" | grep "<>")'
+test_expect_success 'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information' '
+	! (git log | grep "Author:" | grep "<>")
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information (2)' \
-    "git log -1 | grep 'Author: $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>'"
+test_expect_success 'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information (2)' "
+	git log -1 |
+	grep 'Author: $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>'
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'HEAD was detached during rebase' '
-     test $(git rev-parse HEAD@{1}) != $(git rev-parse my-topic-branch@{1})
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD@{1}) != $(git rev-parse my-topic-branch@{1})
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase after merge master' '
-     git reset --hard topic &&
-     git merge master &&
-     git rebase master &&
-     ! (git show | grep "^Merge:")
+	git reset --hard topic &&
+	git merge master &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	! (git show | grep "^Merge:")
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges is linearized' '
-     git checkout nonlinear &&
-     test 4 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-     git rebase master &&
-     test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
+	git checkout nonlinear &&
+	test 4 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'rebase of history with merges after upstream merge is linearized' '
-     git checkout upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-     test 5 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-     git rebase master &&
-     test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
+test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges after upstream merge is linearized' '
+	git checkout upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
+	test 5 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
-     git checkout master &&
-     echo 1 > X &&
-     git add X &&
-     test_tick &&
-     git commit -m prepare &&
-     git checkout -b modechange HEAD^ &&
-     echo 1 > X &&
-     git add X &&
-     test_chmod +x A &&
-     test_tick &&
-     git commit -m modechange &&
-     GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase master
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo 1 >X &&
+	git add X &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m prepare &&
+	git checkout -b modechange HEAD^ &&
+	echo 1 >X &&
+	git add X &&
+	test_chmod +x A &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m modechange &&
+	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase is not broken by diff.renames' '
+	git config diff.renames copies &&
+	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.renames" &&
+	git checkout filemove &&
+	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase force-3way
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: recover' '
+	test_might_fail git rebase --abort &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout modechange
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Show verbose error when HEAD could not be detached' '
-     : > B &&
-     test_must_fail git rebase topic 2> output.err > output.out &&
-     grep "Untracked working tree file .B. would be overwritten" output.err
+	>B &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase topic 2>output.err >output.out &&
+	grep "The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:" output.err &&
+	grep B output.err
 '
 rm -f B
 
 test_expect_success 'dump usage when upstream arg is missing' '
-     git checkout -b usage topic &&
-     test_must_fail git rebase 2>error1 &&
-     grep "[Uu]sage" error1 &&
-     test_must_fail git rebase --abort 2>error2 &&
-     grep "No rebase in progress" error2 &&
-     test_must_fail git rebase --onto master 2>error3 &&
-     grep "[Uu]sage" error3 &&
-     ! grep "can.t shift" error3
+	git checkout -b usage topic &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase 2>error1 &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage" error1 &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --abort 2>error2 &&
+	grep "No rebase in progress" error2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto master 2>error3 &&
+	grep "[Uu]sage" error3 &&
+	! grep "can.t shift" error3
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -q is quiet' '
-     git checkout -b quiet topic &&
-     git rebase -q master > output.out 2>&1 &&
-     test ! -s output.out
+	git checkout -b quiet topic &&
+	git rebase -q master >output.out 2>&1 &&
+	test ! -s output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Rebase a commit that sprinkles CRs in' '
diff --git a/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh b/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
index 7b7d07269a..2bea65634a 100755
--- a/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
@@ -74,6 +74,15 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase the other way' '
 	git rebase --merge side
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase -Xtheirs' '
+	git checkout -b conflicting master~2 &&
+	echo "AB $T" >> original &&
+	git commit -mconflicting original &&
+	git rebase -Xtheirs master &&
+	grep AB original &&
+	! grep 11 original
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge and rebase should match' '
 	git diff-tree -r test-rebase test-merge >difference &&
 	if test -s difference
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 9f03ce699e..af3b663aee 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -64,6 +64,67 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	done
 '
 
+# "exec" commands are ran with the user shell by default, but this may
+# be non-POSIX. For example, if SHELL=zsh then ">file" doesn't work
+# to create a file. Unseting SHELL avoids such non-portable behavior
+# in tests.
+SHELL=
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	(
+	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-one
+		2 exec_>touch-two exec_false exec_>touch-three
+		3 4 exec_>\"touch-file__name_with_spaces\";_>touch-after-semicolon 5" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i A
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file touch-one &&
+	test_path_is_file touch-two &&
+	test_path_is_missing touch-three " (should have stopped before)" &&
+	test $(git rev-parse C) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) || {
+		echo "Stopped at wrong revision:"
+		echo "($(git describe --tags HEAD) instead of C)"
+		false
+	} &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test_path_is_file touch-three &&
+	test_path_is_file "touch-file  name with spaces" &&
+	test_path_is_file touch-after-semicolon &&
+	test $(git rev-parse master) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) || {
+		echo "Stopped at wrong revision:"
+		echo "($(git describe --tags HEAD) instead of master)"
+		false
+	} &&
+	rm -f touch-*
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	mkdir subdir && cd subdir &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-subdir" \
+		git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+	cd .. &&
+	test_path_is_file touch-subdir &&
+	rm -fr subdir
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command checks tree cleanness' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	(
+	FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse master^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) || {
+		echo "Stopped at wrong revision:"
+		echo "($(git describe --tags HEAD) instead of master^)"
+		false
+	} &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git rebase --continue
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'no changes are a nop' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
 	git rebase -i F &&
@@ -143,16 +204,17 @@ test_expect_success 'abort' '
 	git rebase --abort &&
 	test $(git rev-parse new-branch1) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch1" &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-merge
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-merge
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'abort with error when new base cannot be checked out' '
 	git rm --cached file1 &&
 	git commit -m "remove file in base" &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master > output 2>&1 &&
-	grep "Untracked working tree file .file1. would be overwritten" \
+	grep "The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:" \
 		output &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-merge &&
+	grep "file1" output &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-merge &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3407-rebase-abort.sh b/t/t3407-rebase-abort.sh
index 2999e78937..fbb3f2e0df 100755
--- a/t/t3407-rebase-abort.sh
+++ b/t/t3407-rebase-abort.sh
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ testrebase() {
 		# Clean up the state from the previous one
 		git reset --hard pre-rebase &&
 		test_must_fail git rebase$type master &&
-		test -d "$dotest" &&
+		test_path_is_dir "$dotest" &&
 		git rebase --abort &&
 		test $(git rev-parse to-rebase) = $(git rev-parse pre-rebase) &&
 		test ! -d "$dotest"
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ testrebase() {
 		# Clean up the state from the previous one
 		git reset --hard pre-rebase &&
 		test_must_fail git rebase$type master &&
-		test -d "$dotest" &&
+		test_path_is_dir "$dotest" &&
 		test_must_fail git rebase --skip &&
 		test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse master) &&
 		git rebase --abort &&
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ testrebase() {
 		# Clean up the state from the previous one
 		git reset --hard pre-rebase &&
 		test_must_fail git rebase$type master &&
-		test -d "$dotest" &&
+		test_path_is_dir "$dotest" &&
 		echo c > a &&
 		echo d >> a &&
 		git add a &&
diff --git a/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh b/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh
index c49143a1a4..6f73b95558 100755
--- a/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3410-rebase-preserve-dropped-merges.sh
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 # G2 = same changes as G
 test_expect_success 'skip same-resolution merges with -p' '
 	git checkout H &&
-	! git merge E &&
+	test_must_fail git merge E &&
 	test_commit L file1 23 &&
 	git checkout I &&
 	test_commit G2 file1 3 &&
-	! git merge E &&
+	test_must_fail git merge E &&
 	test_commit J file1 23 &&
 	test_commit K file7 file7 &&
 	git rebase -i -p L &&
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ test_expect_success 'skip same-resolution merges with -p' '
 # G2 = different changes as G
 test_expect_success 'keep different-resolution merges with -p' '
 	git checkout H &&
-	! git merge E &&
+	test_must_fail git merge E &&
 	test_commit L2 file1 23 &&
 	git checkout I &&
 	test_commit G3 file1 4 &&
-	! git merge E &&
+	test_must_fail git merge E &&
 	test_commit J2 file1 24 &&
 	test_commit K2 file7 file7 &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i -p L2 &&
diff --git a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
index b63f4e2d67..37cb89ab53 100755
--- a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
+++ b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
@@ -21,38 +21,62 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git tag base
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'auto fixup' '
+test_auto_fixup() {
 	git reset --hard base &&
 	echo 1 >file1 &&
 	git add -u &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "fixup! first"
 
-	git tag final-fixup &&
+	git tag $1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	git rebase $2 -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
-	git diff --exit-code final-fixup &&
+	git diff --exit-code $1 &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'auto fixup (option)' '
+	test_auto_fixup final-fixup-option --autosquash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'auto fixup (config)' '
+	git config rebase.autosquash true &&
+	test_auto_fixup final-fixup-config-true &&
+	test_must_fail test_auto_fixup fixup-config-true-no --no-autosquash &&
+	git config rebase.autosquash false &&
+	test_must_fail test_auto_fixup final-fixup-config-false
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'auto squash' '
+test_auto_squash() {
 	git reset --hard base &&
 	echo 1 >file1 &&
 	git add -u &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "squash! first"
 
-	git tag final-squash &&
+	git tag $1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
+	git rebase $2 -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
-	git diff --exit-code final-squash &&
+	git diff --exit-code $1 &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'auto squash (option)' '
+	test_auto_squash final-squash --autosquash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'auto squash (config)' '
+	git config rebase.autosquash true &&
+	test_auto_squash final-squash-config-true &&
+	test_must_fail test_auto_squash squash-config-true-no --no-autosquash &&
+	git config rebase.autosquash false &&
+	test_must_fail test_auto_squash final-squash-config-false
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'misspelled auto squash' '
diff --git a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
index e51e505a9f..c10b28cf57 100755
--- a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
+++ b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
@@ -13,11 +13,29 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git checkout -b empty-branch &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit --allow-empty -m "empty"
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "empty" &&
+
+	echo third >> file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty-message -m ""
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick an empty commit' '
+	git checkout master && {
+		git cherry-pick empty-branch^
+		test "$?" = 1
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
+
+	test ! -f .git/index.lock
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message' '
 	git checkout master && {
 		git cherry-pick empty-branch
 		test "$?" = 1
diff --git a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
index dae6358516..19857f4326 100755
--- a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
+++ b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
@@ -208,6 +208,7 @@ log -p --first-parent master
 log -m -p --first-parent master
 log -m -p master
 log -SF master
+log -S F master
 log -SF -p master
 log --decorate --all
 log --decorate=full --all
@@ -282,4 +283,8 @@ diff master master^ side
 diff --dirstat master~1 master~2
 EOF
 
+test_expect_success 'log -S requires an argument' '
+	test_must_fail git log -S
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_-S_F_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_-S_F_master
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..978d2b4118
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_-S_F_master
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+$ git log -S F master
+commit 9a6d4949b6b76956d9d5e26f2791ec2ceff5fdc0
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
+
+    Third
+$
diff --git a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
index 5b10e976a3..61de8a2718 100755
--- a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
+++ b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ EOF
 
 sed 's/beer\\/beer,\\/' < Beer.java > Beer-correct.java
 
-builtin_patterns="bibtex cpp html java objc pascal php python ruby tex"
+builtin_patterns="bibtex cpp csharp html java objc pascal php python ruby tex"
 for p in $builtin_patterns
 do
 	test_expect_success "builtin $p pattern compiles" '
diff --git a/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
index 1bd8e5ee3a..d99814ac64 100755
--- a/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t4027-diff-submodule.sh
@@ -114,6 +114,69 @@ test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (work tree, refs match)'
 	! test -s actual4
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (work tree, refs match) [.git/config]' '
+	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules all &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual2 &&
+	! test -s actual2 &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual3 &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual3 >actual3.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual3.body &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual4 &&
+	! test -s actual4 &&
+	git diff HEAD --ignore-submodules=none >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (work tree, refs match) [.gitmodules]' '
+	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual2 &&
+	! test -s actual2 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual3 &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual3 >actual3.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual3.body &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual4 &&
+	! test -s actual4 &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config --remove-section -f .gitmodules submodule.subname &&
+	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules &&
+	rm .gitmodules
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (index, refs match)' '
 	(
 		cd sub &&
@@ -146,6 +209,103 @@ test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (untracked, refs match)'
 	! test -s actual4
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (untracked, refs match) [.git/config]' '
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git config submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual2 &&
+	! test -s actual2 &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual3 &&
+	! test -s actual3 &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual4 &&
+	! test -s actual4 &&
+	git diff --ignore-submodules=none HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff HEAD with dirty submodule (untracked, refs match) [.gitmodules]' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual2 &&
+	! test -s actual2 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual3 &&
+	! test -s actual3 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual4 &&
+	! test -s actual4 &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subprev $subprev-dirty &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config --remove-section -f .gitmodules submodule.subname &&
+	rm .gitmodules
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff between submodule commits' '
+	git diff HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git diff --ignore-submodules=dirty HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git diff --ignore-submodules HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	! test -s actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff between submodule commits [.git/config]' '
+	git diff HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git diff HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	git diff --ignore-submodules=dirty HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff between submodule commits [.gitmodules]' '
+	git diff HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	test_cmp expect.body actual.body &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git diff HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	git config submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config submodule.subname.path sub &&
+	git diff  HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@/d" actual >actual.body &&
+	expect_from_to >expect.body $subtip $subprev &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config --remove-section -f .gitmodules submodule.subname &&
+	rm .gitmodules
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git diff (empty submodule dir)' '
 	: >empty &&
 	rm -rf sub/* sub/.git &&
diff --git a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a52d94ae21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='patching from inconvenient places'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >patch <<-\EOF &&
+	diff file.orig file
+	--- a/file.orig
+	+++ b/file
+	@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+	 1
+	+2
+	EOF
+	patch="$(pwd)/patch" &&
+
+	echo 1 >preimage &&
+	printf "%s\n" 1 2 >postimage &&
+	echo 3 >other &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m basis
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: subdir' '
+	reset_subdir() {
+		git reset &&
+		mkdir -p sub/dir/b &&
+		mkdir -p objects &&
+		cp "$1" file &&
+		cp "$1" objects/file &&
+		cp "$1" sub/dir/file &&
+		cp "$1" sub/dir/b/file &&
+		git add file sub/dir/file sub/dir/b/file objects/file &&
+		cp "$2" file &&
+		cp "$2" sub/dir/file &&
+		cp "$2" sub/dir/b/file &&
+		cp "$2" objects/file &&
+		test_might_fail git update-index --refresh -q
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply from subdir of toplevel' '
+	cp postimage expected &&
+	reset_subdir other preimage &&
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		git apply "$patch"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected sub/dir/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --cached from subdir of toplevel' '
+	cp postimage expected &&
+	cp other expected.working &&
+	reset_subdir preimage other &&
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		git apply --cached "$patch"
+	) &&
+	git show :sub/dir/file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	test_cmp expected.working sub/dir/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --index from subdir of toplevel' '
+	cp postimage expected &&
+	reset_subdir preimage other &&
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		test_must_fail git apply --index "$patch"
+	) &&
+	reset_subdir other preimage &&
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		test_must_fail git apply --index "$patch"
+	) &&
+	reset_subdir preimage preimage &&
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		git apply --index "$patch"
+	) &&
+	git show :sub/dir/file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	test_cmp expected sub/dir/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply from .git dir' '
+	cp postimage expected &&
+	cp preimage .git/file &&
+	cp preimage .git/objects/file
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		git apply "$patch"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected .git/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply from subdir of .git dir' '
+	cp postimage expected &&
+	cp preimage .git/file &&
+	cp preimage .git/objects/file
+	(
+		cd .git/objects &&
+		git apply "$patch"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected .git/objects/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --cached from .git dir' '
+	cp postimage expected &&
+	cp other expected.working &&
+	cp other .git/file &&
+	reset_subdir preimage other &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		git apply --cached "$patch"
+	) &&
+	git show :file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	test_cmp expected.working file &&
+	test_cmp expected.working .git/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --cached from subdir of .git dir' '
+	cp postimage expected &&
+	cp preimage expected.subdir &&
+	cp other .git/file &&
+	cp other .git/objects/file &&
+	reset_subdir preimage other &&
+	(
+		cd .git/objects &&
+		git apply --cached "$patch"
+	) &&
+	git show :file >actual &&
+	git show :objects/file >actual.subdir &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	test_cmp expected.subdir actual.subdir
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
index 810b04b817..1c3d8ed548 100755
--- a/t/t4150-am.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -4,66 +4,71 @@ test_description='git am running'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-cat >msg <<EOF
-second
-
-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy
-eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam
-voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita
-kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem
-ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod
-tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At
-vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
-
-	Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
-	esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis
-	at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit
-	praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla
-	facilisi.
-
-
-Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
-consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut
-laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
-
-  git
-  ---
-  +++
-
-Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit
-lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure
-dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum
-dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio
-dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te
-feugait nulla facilisi.
-EOF
-
-cat >failmail <<EOF
-From foo@example.com Fri May 23 10:43:49 2008
-From:	foo@example.com
-To:	bar@example.com
-Subject: Re: [RFC/PATCH] git-foo.sh
-Date:	Fri, 23 May 2008 05:23:42 +0200
-
-Sometimes we have to find out that there's nothing left.
-
-EOF
-
-cat >pine <<EOF
-From MAILER-DAEMON Fri May 23 10:43:49 2008
-Date: 23 May 2008 05:23:42 +0200
-From: Mail System Internal Data <MAILER-DAEMON@example.com>
-Subject: DON'T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA
-Message-ID: <foo-0001@example.com>
-
-This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not
-a real message.  It is created automatically by the mail system software.
-If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created
-with the data reset to initial values.
-
-EOF
-
-echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" >expected
+test_expect_success 'setup: messages' '
+	cat >msg <<-\EOF &&
+	second
+
+	Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy
+	eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam
+	voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita
+	kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem
+	ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod
+	tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At
+	vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
+
+	EOF
+	q_to_tab <<-\EOF >>msg &&
+	QDuis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
+	Qesse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis
+	Qat vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit
+	Qpraesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla
+	Qfacilisi.
+	EOF
+	cat >>msg <<-\EOF &&
+
+	Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
+	consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut
+	laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.
+
+	  git
+	  ---
+	  +++
+
+	Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit
+	lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure
+	dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum
+	dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio
+	dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te
+	feugait nulla facilisi.
+	EOF
+
+	cat >failmail <<-\EOF &&
+	From foo@example.com Fri May 23 10:43:49 2008
+	From:	foo@example.com
+	To:	bar@example.com
+	Subject: Re: [RFC/PATCH] git-foo.sh
+	Date:	Fri, 23 May 2008 05:23:42 +0200
+
+	Sometimes we have to find out that there'\''s nothing left.
+
+	EOF
+
+	cat >pine <<-\EOF &&
+	From MAILER-DAEMON Fri May 23 10:43:49 2008
+	Date: 23 May 2008 05:23:42 +0200
+	From: Mail System Internal Data <MAILER-DAEMON@example.com>
+	Subject: DON'\''T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA
+	Message-ID: <foo-0001@example.com>
+
+	This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not
+	a real message.  It is created automatically by the mail system software.
+	If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created
+	with the data reset to initial values.
+
+	EOF
+
+	signoff="Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+'
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo hello >file &&
@@ -71,11 +76,13 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m first &&
 	git tag first &&
+
 	echo world >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -s -F msg &&
 	git tag second &&
+
 	git format-patch --stdout first >patch1 &&
 	{
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line One" &&
@@ -89,74 +96,101 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Three" &&
 		git format-patch --stdout first | sed -e "1d"
 	} | append_cr >patch1-crlf.eml &&
+
 	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m third &&
+
 	git format-patch --stdout first >patch2	&&
+
 	git checkout -b lorem &&
 	sed -n -e "11,\$p" msg >file &&
 	head -n 9 msg >>file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -a -m "moved stuff" &&
+
 	echo goodbye >another &&
 	git add another &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "added another file" &&
-	git format-patch --stdout master >lorem-move.patch
-'
 
-# reset time
-unset test_tick
-test_tick
+	git format-patch --stdout master >lorem-move.patch &&
+
+	git checkout -b rename &&
+	git mv file renamed &&
+	git commit -m "renamed a file" &&
+
+	git format-patch -M --stdout lorem >rename.patch &&
+
+	git reset --soft lorem^ &&
+	git commit -m "renamed a file and added another" &&
+
+	git format-patch -M --stdout lorem^ >rename-add.patch &&
+
+	# reset time
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_tick
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'am applies patch correctly' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git am <patch1 &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
-	test -z "$(git diff second)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1.eml &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
-	test -z "$(git diff second)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox with CRLF' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-crlf.eml &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
-	test -z "$(git diff second)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
 '
 
-GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Thor"
-GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="a.thor@example.com"
-GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Co M Miter"
-GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="c.miter@example.com"
-export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+test_expect_success 'setup: new author and committer' '
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Thor" &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="a.thor@example.com" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Co M Miter" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="c.miter@example.com" &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+'
 
 compare () {
-	test "$(git cat-file commit "$2" | grep "^$1 ")" = \
-	     "$(git cat-file commit "$3" | grep "^$1 ")"
+	a=$(git cat-file commit "$2" | grep "^$1 ") &&
+	b=$(git cat-file commit "$3" | grep "^$1 ") &&
+	test "$a" = "$b"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'am changes committer and keeps author' '
 	test_tick &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch2 &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse master^^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" &&
-	test -z "$(git diff master..HEAD)" &&
-	test -z "$(git diff master^..HEAD^)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code master..HEAD &&
+	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD^ &&
 	compare author master HEAD &&
 	compare author master^ HEAD^ &&
 	test "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" = \
@@ -164,41 +198,55 @@ test_expect_success 'am changes committer and keeps author' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am --signoff adds Signed-off-by: line' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b master2 first &&
 	git am --signoff <patch2 &&
+	printf "%s\n" "$signoff" >expected &&
 	echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" >>expected &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep "Signed-off-by:" >actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
 	echo "Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" >expected &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "Signed-off-by:" >actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am stays in branch' '
-	test "refs/heads/master2" = "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)"
+	echo refs/heads/master2 >expected &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am --signoff does not add Signed-off-by: line if already there' '
 	git format-patch --stdout HEAD^ >patch3 &&
 	sed -e "/^Subject/ s,\[PATCH,Re: Re: Re: & 1/5 v2," patch3 >patch4
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --signoff patch4 &&
-	test "$(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -c "^Signed-off-by:")" -eq 1
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	test $(grep -c "^Signed-off-by:" actual) -eq 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am without --keep removes Re: and [PATCH] stuff' '
-	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse master2)"
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expected &&
+	git rev-parse master2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am --keep really keeps the subject' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --keep patch4 &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
-	git cat-file commit HEAD |
-		fgrep "Re: Re: Re: [PATCH 1/5 v2] third"
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Re: Re: Re: \[PATCH 1/5 v2\] third" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am -3 falls back to 3-way merge' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b lorem2 master2 &&
 	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
 	head -n 9 msg >>file &&
@@ -207,34 +255,75 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 falls back to 3-way merge' '
 	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
 	git am -3 lorem-move.patch &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
-	test -z "$(git diff lorem)"
+	git diff --exit-code lorem
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am can rename a file' '
+	grep "^rename from" rename.patch &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout lorem^0 &&
+	git am rename.patch &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff --exit-code rename
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file' '
+	grep "^rename from" rename.patch &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout lorem^0 &&
+	git am -3 rename.patch &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff --exit-code rename
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file after falling back to 3-way merge' '
+	grep "^rename from" rename-add.patch &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout lorem^0 &&
+	git am -3 rename-add.patch &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am -3 -q is quiet' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git checkout -f lorem2 &&
 	git reset master2 --hard &&
 	sed -n -e "3,\$p" msg >file &&
 	head -n 9 msg >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
-	git am -3 -q lorem-move.patch > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	git am -3 -q lorem-move.patch >output.out 2>&1 &&
 	! test -s output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am pauses on conflict' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem2^^ &&
 	test_must_fail git am lorem-move.patch &&
 	test -d .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am --skip works' '
+	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	git am --skip &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
-	test -z "$(git diff lorem2^^ -- file)" &&
-	test goodbye = "$(cat another)"
+	git diff --exit-code lorem2^^ -- file &&
+	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
+	echo goodbye >expected &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem2^^ &&
 	test_must_fail git am lorem-move.patch &&
 	test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
@@ -242,22 +331,29 @@ test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
 	git add file &&
 	git am --resolved &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
-	test goodbye = "$(cat another)"
+	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am takes patches from a Pine mailbox' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	cat pine patch1 | git am &&
 	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
-	test -z "$(git diff master^..HEAD)"
+	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am fails on mail without patch' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
-	rm -r .git/rebase-apply/
+	git am --abort &&
+	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	echo "---" >>failmail &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --skip &&
@@ -266,28 +362,34 @@ test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
 
 test_expect_success 'am works from stdin in subdirectory' '
 	rm -fr subdir &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	(
 		mkdir -p subdir &&
 		cd subdir &&
 		git am <../patch1
 	) &&
-	test -z "$(git diff second)"
+	git diff --exit-code second
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am works from file (relative path given) in subdirectory' '
 	rm -fr subdir &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	(
 		mkdir -p subdir &&
 		cd subdir &&
 		git am ../patch1
 	) &&
-	test -z "$(git diff second)"
+	git diff --exit-code second
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am works from file (absolute path given) in subdirectory' '
 	rm -fr subdir &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	P=$(pwd) &&
 	(
@@ -295,27 +397,31 @@ test_expect_success 'am works from file (absolute path given) in subdirectory' '
 		cd subdir &&
 		git am "$P/patch1"
 	) &&
-	test -z "$(git diff second)"
+	git diff --exit-code second
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am --committer-date-is-author-date' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git am --committer-date-is-author-date patch1 &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "/^\$/q" >head1 &&
-	at=$(sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
-	ct=$(sed -ne "/^committer /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
-	test "$at" = "$ct"
+	sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1 >at &&
+	sed -ne "/^committer /s/.*> //p" head1 >ct &&
+	test_cmp at ct
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am without --committer-date-is-author-date' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git am patch1 &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "/^\$/q" >head1 &&
-	at=$(sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
-	ct=$(sed -ne "/^committer /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
-	test "$at" != "$ct"
+	sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1 >at &&
+	sed -ne "/^committer /s/.*> //p" head1 >ct &&
+	! test_cmp at ct
 '
 
 # This checks for +0000 because TZ is set to UTC and that should
@@ -323,41 +429,51 @@ test_expect_success 'am without --committer-date-is-author-date' '
 # by test_tick that uses -0700 timezone; if this feature does not
 # work, we will see that instead of +0000.
 test_expect_success 'am --ignore-date' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git am --ignore-date patch1 &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "/^\$/q" >head1 &&
-	at=$(sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1) &&
-	echo "$at" | grep "+0000"
+	sed -ne "/^author /s/.*> //p" head1 >at &&
+	grep "+0000" at
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am into an unborn branch' '
+	git rev-parse first^{tree} >expected &&
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	rm -fr subdir &&
-	mkdir -p subdir &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
 	git format-patch --numbered-files -o subdir -1 first &&
 	(
 		cd subdir &&
 		git init &&
 		git am 1
 	) &&
-	result=$(
-		cd subdir && git rev-parse HEAD^{tree}
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD^{tree} >../actual
 	) &&
-	test "z$result" = "z$(git rev-parse first^{tree})"
+	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am newline in subject' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
-	sed -e "s/second/second \\\n foo/" patch1 > patchnl &&
-	git am < patchnl > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	sed -e "s/second/second \\\n foo/" patch1 >patchnl &&
+	git am <patchnl >output.out 2>&1 &&
 	grep "^Applying: second \\\n foo$" output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am -q is quiet' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git am -q < patch1 > output.out 2>&1 &&
+	git am -q <patch1 >output.out 2>&1 &&
 	! test -s output.out
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4200-rerere.sh b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
index 70856d07ed..093b138911 100755
--- a/t/t4200-rerere.sh
+++ b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ test_expect_success 'commit succeeds' \
 
 test_expect_success 'recorded postimage' "test -f $rr/postimage"
 
+oldmtimepost=$(test-chmtime -v -60 $rr/postimage |cut -f 1)
+
 test_expect_success 'another conflicting merge' '
 	git checkout -b third master &&
 	git show second^:a1 | sed "s/To die: t/To die! T/" > a1 &&
@@ -144,6 +146,11 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere kicked in' "! grep ^=======$ a1"
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere prefers first change' 'test_cmp a1 expect'
 
+test_expect_success 'rerere updates postimage timestamp' '
+	newmtimepost=$(test-chmtime -v +0 $rr/postimage |cut -f 1) &&
+	test $oldmtimepost -lt $newmtimepost
+'
+
 rm $rr/postimage
 echo "$sha1	a1" | perl -pe 'y/\012/\000/' > .git/MERGE_RR
 
@@ -165,15 +172,16 @@ just_over_15_days_ago=$((-1-15*86400))
 almost_60_days_ago=$((60-60*86400))
 just_over_60_days_ago=$((-1-60*86400))
 
-test-chmtime =$almost_60_days_ago $rr/preimage
+test-chmtime =$just_over_60_days_ago $rr/preimage
+test-chmtime =$almost_60_days_ago $rr/postimage
 test-chmtime =$almost_15_days_ago $rr2/preimage
 
 test_expect_success 'garbage collection (part1)' 'git rerere gc'
 
-test_expect_success 'young records still live' \
+test_expect_success 'young or recently used records still live' \
 	"test -f $rr/preimage && test -f $rr2/preimage"
 
-test-chmtime =$just_over_60_days_ago $rr/preimage
+test-chmtime =$just_over_60_days_ago $rr/postimage
 test-chmtime =$just_over_15_days_ago $rr2/preimage
 
 test_expect_success 'garbage collection (part2)' 'git rerere gc'
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index 2230e606ed..2e51356947 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -100,13 +100,11 @@ test_expect_success 'oneline' '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff-filter=A' '
 
-	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=A HEAD) &&
-	expect=$(echo fifth ; echo fourth ; echo third ; echo initial) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=A HEAD > actual &&
+	git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter A HEAD > actual-separate &&
+	printf "fifth\nfourth\nthird\ninitial" > expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual-separate
 
 '
 
@@ -203,6 +201,13 @@ test_expect_success 'log --grep' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log --grep option parsing' '
+	echo second >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" --grep sec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" --grep
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'log -i --grep' '
 	echo Second >expect &&
 	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" -i --grep=sec >actual &&
@@ -436,5 +441,17 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 
 '
 
-test_done
+test_expect_success 'show added path under "--follow -M"' '
+	# This tests for a regression introduced in v1.7.2-rc0~103^2~2
+	test_create_repo regression &&
+	(
+		cd regression &&
+		test_commit needs-another-commit &&
+		test_commit foo.bar &&
+		git log -M --follow -p foo.bar.t &&
+		git log -M --follow --stat foo.bar.t &&
+		git log -M --follow --name-only foo.bar.t
+	)
+'
 
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
index 426b319bd3..02d4d2284d 100755
--- a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
+++ b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ test_description='git archive attribute tests'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
+SUBSTFORMAT='%H (%h)%n'
 
 test_expect_exists() {
 	test_expect_success " $1 exists" "test -e $1"
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
index 319e389ed0..0b489f5b12 100755
--- a/t/t5520-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ test_description='pulling into void'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+modify () {
+	sed -e "$1" <"$2" >"$2.x" &&
+	mv "$2.x" "$2"
+}
+
 D=`pwd`
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -160,4 +165,61 @@ test_expect_success 'pull --rebase works on branch yet to be born' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for detecting upstreamed changes' '
+	mkdir src &&
+	(cd src &&
+	 git init &&
+	 printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" > stuff &&
+	 git add stuff &&
+	 git commit -m "Initial revision"
+	) &&
+	git clone src dst &&
+	(cd src &&
+	 modify s/5/43/ stuff &&
+	 git commit -a -m "5->43" &&
+	 modify s/6/42/ stuff &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Make it bigger"
+	) &&
+	(cd dst &&
+	 modify s/5/43/ stuff &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Independent discovery of 5->43"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull --rebase detects upstreamed changes' '
+	(cd dst &&
+	 git pull --rebase &&
+	 test -z "$(git ls-files -u)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for avoiding reapplying old patches' '
+	(cd dst &&
+	 test_might_fail git rebase --abort &&
+	 git reset --hard origin/master
+	) &&
+	git clone --bare src src-replace.git &&
+	rm -rf src &&
+	mv src-replace.git src &&
+	(cd dst &&
+	 modify s/2/22/ stuff &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Change 2" &&
+	 modify s/3/33/ stuff &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Change 3" &&
+	 modify s/4/44/ stuff &&
+	 git commit -a -m "Change 4" &&
+	 git push &&
+
+	 modify s/44/55/ stuff &&
+	 git commit --amend -a -m "Modified Change 4"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull --rebase does not reapply old patches' '
+	(cd dst &&
+	 test_must_fail git pull --rebase &&
+	 test 1 = $(find .git/rebase-apply -name "000*" | wc -l)
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5601-clone.sh b/t/t5601-clone.sh
index 8abb71afcd..4431dfd02b 100755
--- a/t/t5601-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5601-clone.sh
@@ -178,8 +178,14 @@ test_expect_success 'clone respects global branch.autosetuprebase' '
 
 test_expect_success 'respect url-encoding of file://' '
 	git init x+y &&
-	test_must_fail git clone "file://$PWD/x+y" xy-url &&
-	git clone "file://$PWD/x%2By" xy-url
+	git clone "file://$PWD/x+y" xy-url-1 &&
+	git clone "file://$PWD/x%2By" xy-url-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not query-string-decode + in URLs' '
+	rm -rf x+y &&
+	git init "x y" &&
+	test_must_fail git clone "file://$PWD/x+y" xy-no-plus
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'do not respect url-encoding of non-url path' '
diff --git a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
index 58428d9f5c..fb8291c812 100755
--- a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
@@ -123,6 +123,12 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=refs/heads/subspace/*' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob refs/heads/subspace/*' '
+
+	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob refs/heads/subspace/*"
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=heads/subspace/*' '
 
 	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=heads/subspace/*"
diff --git a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
index 8ab3d61f44..2cf42c73f1 100755
--- a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
+++ b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull with -X' '
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -X ours . side &&
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xtheirs . side &&
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -X theirs . side &&
-	git reset --hard master && ! git pull -s recursive -X bork . side
+	git reset --hard master && test_must_fail git pull -s recursive -X bork . side
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7006-pager.sh b/t/t7006-pager.sh
index 71d3ceff8f..fb744e3c4a 100755
--- a/t/t7006-pager.sh
+++ b/t/t7006-pager.sh
@@ -58,6 +58,21 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'some commands use a pager' '
 	test -e paginated.out
 '
 
+test_expect_failure TTY 'pager runs from subdir' '
+	echo subdir/paginated.out >expected &&
+	mkdir -p subdir &&
+	rm -f paginated.out subdir/paginated.out &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_terminal git log
+	) &&
+	{
+		ls paginated.out subdir/paginated.out ||
+		:
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success TTY 'some commands do not use a pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out ||
 	cleanup_fail &&
@@ -106,6 +121,45 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'no pager with --no-pager' '
 	! test -e paginated.out
 '
 
+test_expect_success TTY 'configuration can disable pager' '
+	rm -f paginated.out &&
+	test_might_fail git config --unset pager.grep &&
+	test_terminal git grep initial &&
+	test -e paginated.out &&
+
+	rm -f paginated.out &&
+	git config pager.grep false &&
+	test_when_finished "git config --unset pager.grep" &&
+	test_terminal git grep initial &&
+	! test -e paginated.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'git config uses a pager if configured to' '
+	rm -f paginated.out &&
+	git config pager.config true &&
+	test_when_finished "git config --unset pager.config" &&
+	test_terminal git config --list &&
+	test -e paginated.out
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'configuration can enable pager (from subdir)' '
+	rm -f paginated.out &&
+	mkdir -p subdir &&
+	git config pager.bundle true &&
+	test_when_finished "git config --unset pager.bundle" &&
+
+	git bundle create test.bundle --all &&
+	rm -f paginated.out subdir/paginated.out &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_terminal git bundle unbundle ../test.bundle
+	) &&
+	{
+		test -e paginated.out ||
+		test -e subdir/paginated.out
+	}
+'
+
 # A colored commit log will begin with an appropriate ANSI escape
 # for the first color; the text "commit" comes later.
 colorful() {
@@ -369,4 +423,16 @@ test_GIT_PAGER_overrides  expect_success test_must_fail 'git -p'
 
 test_doesnt_paginate      expect_failure test_must_fail 'git -p nonsense'
 
+test_pager_choices                       'git shortlog'
+test_expect_success 'setup: configure shortlog not to paginate' '
+	git config pager.shortlog false
+'
+test_doesnt_paginate      expect_success 'git shortlog'
+test_no_local_config_subdir expect_success 'git shortlog'
+test_default_pager        expect_success 'git -p shortlog'
+test_core_pager_subdir    expect_success 'git -p shortlog'
+
+test_core_pager_subdir    expect_success test_must_fail \
+					 'git -p apply </dev/null'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
index 7d8ed68bef..3a43571cab 100755
--- a/t/t7300-clean.sh
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -438,4 +438,20 @@ test_expect_success 'force removal of nested git work tree' '
 	! test -d bar
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -e' '
+	rm -fr repo &&
+	mkdir repo &&
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		git init &&
+		touch 1 2 3 known &&
+		git add known &&
+		git clean -f -e 1 -e 2 &&
+		test -e 1 &&
+		test -e 2 &&
+		! (test -e 3) &&
+		test -e known
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
index 7538756487..bade2179b1 100755
--- a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
+++ b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo file > file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m upstream
+	git commit -m upstream &&
 	git clone . super &&
 	git clone super submodule &&
 	(cd super &&
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ test_expect_success 'change submodule url' '
 	) &&
 	mv submodule moved-submodule &&
 	(cd super &&
-	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
 	 test_tick &&
 	 git commit -a -m moved-submodule
 	)
diff --git a/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh b/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh
index 4a7b8933f4..6ec559db0f 100755
--- a/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t7405-submodule-merge.sh
@@ -54,13 +54,129 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git merge -s ours a
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'merging with modify/modify conflict' '
+# History setup
+#
+#      b
+#    /   \
+#   a     d
+#    \   /
+#      c
+#
+# a in the main repository records to sub-a in the submodule and
+# analogous b and c. d should be automatically found by merging c into
+# b in the main repository.
+test_expect_success 'setup for merge search' '
+	mkdir merge-search &&
+	cd merge-search &&
+	git init &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git init &&
+	 echo "file-a" > file-a &&
+	 git add file-a &&
+	 git commit -m "sub-a" &&
+	 git branch sub-a) &&
+	git add sub &&
+	git commit -m "a" &&
+	git branch a &&
+
+	git checkout -b b &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git checkout -b sub-b &&
+	 echo "file-b" > file-b &&
+	 git add file-b &&
+	 git commit -m "sub-b") &&
+	git commit -a -m "b" &&
+
+	git checkout -b c a &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git checkout -b sub-c sub-a &&
+	 echo "file-c" > file-c &&
+	 git add file-c &&
+	 git commit -m "sub-c") &&
+	git commit -a -m "c" &&
+
+	git checkout -b d a &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git checkout -b sub-d sub-b &&
+	 git merge sub-c) &&
+	git commit -a -m "d" &&
+	git branch test b &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge with one side as a fast-forward of the other' '
+	(cd merge-search &&
+	 git checkout -b test-forward b &&
+	 git merge d &&
+	 git ls-tree test-forward sub | cut -f1 | cut -f3 -d" " > actual &&
+	 (cd sub &&
+	  git rev-parse sub-d > ../expect) &&
+	 test_cmp actual expect)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merging should conflict for non fast-forward' '
+	(cd merge-search &&
+	 git checkout -b test-nonforward b &&
+	 (cd sub &&
+	  git rev-parse sub-d > ../expect) &&
+	 test_must_fail git merge c 2> actual  &&
+	 grep $(cat expect) actual > /dev/null &&
+	 git reset --hard)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merging should fail for ambiguous common parent' '
+	cd merge-search &&
+	git checkout -b test-ambiguous b &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git checkout -b ambiguous sub-b &&
+	 git merge sub-c &&
+	 git rev-parse sub-d > ../expect1 &&
+	 git rev-parse ambiguous > ../expect2) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c 2> actual &&
+	grep $(cat expect1) actual > /dev/null &&
+	grep $(cat expect2) actual > /dev/null &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	cd ..
+'
+
+# in a situation like this
+#
+# submodule tree:
+#
+#    sub-a --- sub-b --- sub-d
+#
+# main tree:
+#
+#    e (sub-a)
+#   /
+#  bb (sub-b)
+#   \
+#    f (sub-d)
+#
+# A merge between e and f should fail because one of the submodule
+# commits (sub-a) does not descend from the submodule merge-base (sub-b).
+#
+test_expect_success 'merging should fail for changes that are backwards' '
+	cd merge-search &&
+	git checkout -b bb a &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git checkout sub-b) &&
+	git commit -a -m "bb" &&
+
+	git checkout -b e bb &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git checkout sub-a) &&
+	git commit -a -m "e" &&
+
+	git checkout -b f bb &&
+	(cd sub &&
+	 git checkout sub-d) &&
+	git commit -a -m "f" &&
 
-	git checkout -b test1 a &&
-	test_must_fail git merge b &&
-	test -f .git/MERGE_MSG &&
-	git diff &&
-	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)"
+	git checkout -b test-backward e &&
+	test_must_fail git merge f &&
+	cd ..
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merging with a modify/modify conflict between merge bases' '
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
index a72fe3ae64..9c14b853c0 100755
--- a/t/t7508-status.sh
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -808,24 +808,38 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'status succeeds in a read-only repository' '
 	(exit $status)
 '
 
+(cd sm && echo > bar && git add bar && git commit -q -m 'Add bar' && cd .. && git add sm)
+new_head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
+touch .gitmodules
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 # On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	modified:   sm
+#
 # Changed but not updated:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
 #
 #	modified:   dir1/modified
 #
+# Submodule changes to be committed:
+#
+# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
+#   > Add bar
+#
 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
+#	.gitmodules
 #	dir1/untracked
 #	dir2/modified
 #	dir2/untracked
 #	expect
 #	output
 #	untracked
-no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -834,19 +848,89 @@ test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=untracked suppresses submodules with un
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
+	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	git status >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config --remove-section -f .gitmodules submodule.subname
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
 	git status --ignore-submodules=dirty > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
+	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	git status >output &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=dirty suppresses submodules with modified content' '
 	echo modified > sm/foo &&
 	git status --ignore-submodules=dirty > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with modified content' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with modified content' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 # On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	modified:   sm
+#
 # Changed but not updated:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
@@ -855,16 +939,21 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 #	modified:   dir1/modified
 #	modified:   sm (modified content)
 #
+# Submodule changes to be committed:
+#
+# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
+#   > Add bar
+#
 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
+#	.gitmodules
 #	dir1/untracked
 #	dir2/modified
 #	dir2/untracked
 #	expect
 #	output
 #	untracked
-no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodules with modified content" '
@@ -872,10 +961,34 @@ test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodules w
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success ".gitmodules ignore=untracked doesn't suppress submodules with modified content" '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
+test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=untracked doesn't suppress submodules with modified content" '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
 head2=$(cd sm && git commit -q -m "2nd commit" foo && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+#	modified:   sm
+#
 # Changed but not updated:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 #   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
@@ -883,21 +996,26 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 #	modified:   dir1/modified
 #	modified:   sm (new commits)
 #
+# Submodule changes to be committed:
+#
+# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
+#   > Add bar
+#
 # Submodules changed but not updated:
 #
-# * sm $head...$head2 (1):
+# * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
 #   > 2nd commit
 #
 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
+#	.gitmodules
 #	dir1/untracked
 #	dir2/modified
 #	dir2/untracked
 #	expect
 #	output
 #	untracked
-no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
@@ -905,10 +1023,47 @@ test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodule su
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success ".gitmodules ignore=untracked doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
+test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=untracked doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=dirty doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
 	git status --ignore-submodules=dirty > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
+test_expect_success ".gitmodules ignore=dirty doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
+test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=dirty doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # On branch master
@@ -921,6 +1076,7 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
+#	.gitmodules
 #	dir1/untracked
 #	dir2/modified
 #	dir2/untracked
@@ -935,4 +1091,23 @@ test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=all suppresses submodule summary" '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_failure '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
+test_expect_failure '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git status > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7509-commit.sh b/t/t7509-commit.sh
index 3ea33db6c7..643ab03f99 100755
--- a/t/t7509-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7509-commit.sh
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ test_expect_success '--amend option with empty author' '
 	test_when_finished "git checkout Initial" &&
 	echo "Empty author test" >>foo &&
 	test_tick &&
-	! git commit -a -m "empty author" --amend 2>err &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -a -m "empty author" --amend 2>err &&
 	grep "empty ident" err
 '
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ test_expect_success '--amend option with missing author' '
 	test_when_finished "git checkout Initial" &&
 	echo "Missing author test" >>foo &&
 	test_tick &&
-	! git commit -a -m "malformed author" --amend 2>err &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -a -m "malformed author" --amend 2>err &&
 	grep "empty ident" err
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
index 49f4e1599a..d82349a6a8 100755
--- a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 test_expect_success 'will not overwrite untracked file' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	cat important > c2.c &&
-	! git merge c2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c2 &&
 	test_cmp important c2.c
 '
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ test_expect_success 'will not overwrite new file' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	cat important > c2.c &&
 	git add c2.c &&
-	! git merge c2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c2 &&
 	test_cmp important c2.c
 '
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ test_expect_success 'will not overwrite staged changes' '
 	cat important > c2.c &&
 	git add c2.c &&
 	rm c2.c &&
-	! git merge c2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c2 &&
 	git checkout c2.c &&
 	test_cmp important c2.c
 '
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test_expect_success 'will not overwrite removed file' '
 	git rm c1.c &&
 	git commit -m "rm c1.c" &&
 	cat important > c1.c &&
-	! git merge c1a &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c1a &&
 	test_cmp important c1.c
 '
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_success 'will not overwrite re-added file' '
 	git commit -m "rm c1.c" &&
 	cat important > c1.c &&
 	git add c1.c &&
-	! git merge c1a &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c1a &&
 	test_cmp important c1.c
 '
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ test_expect_success 'will not overwrite removed file with staged changes' '
 	cat important > c1.c &&
 	git add c1.c &&
 	rm c1.c &&
-	! git merge c1a &&
+	test_must_fail git merge c1a &&
 	git checkout c1.c &&
 	test_cmp important c1.c
 '
diff --git a/t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh b/t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1a109b41dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7609-merge-co-error-msgs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='unpack-trees error messages'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo one >one &&
+	git add one &&
+	git commit -a -m First &&
+
+	git checkout -b branch &&
+	echo two >two &&
+	echo three >three &&
+	echo four >four &&
+	echo five >five &&
+	git add two three four five &&
+	git commit -m Second &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo other >two &&
+	echo other >three &&
+	echo other >four &&
+	echo other >five
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+error: The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:
+	two
+	three
+	four
+	five
+Please move or remove them before you can merge.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'untracked files overwritten by merge' '
+	test_must_fail git merge branch 2>out &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge:
+	two
+	three
+	four
+Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge.
+error: The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by merge:
+	five
+Please move or remove them before you can merge.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'untracked files or local changes ovewritten by merge' '
+	git add two &&
+	git add three &&
+	git add four &&
+	test_must_fail git merge branch 2>out &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:
+	rep/two
+	rep/one
+Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot switch branches because of local changes' '
+	git add five &&
+	mkdir rep &&
+	echo one >rep/one &&
+	echo two >rep/two &&
+	git add rep/one rep/two &&
+	git commit -m Fourth &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo uno >rep/one &&
+	echo dos >rep/two &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout branch 2>out &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout:
+	rep/two
+	rep/one
+Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can switch branches.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'not uptodate file porcelain checkout error' '
+	git add rep/one rep/two &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout branch 2>out &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+error: Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:
+	rep2
+	rep
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'not_uptodate_dir porcelain checkout error' '
+	git init uptodate &&
+	cd uptodate &&
+	mkdir rep &&
+	mkdir rep2 &&
+	touch rep/foo &&
+	touch rep2/foo &&
+	git add rep/foo rep2/foo &&
+	git commit -m init &&
+	git checkout -b branch &&
+	git rm rep -r &&
+	git rm rep2 -r &&
+	>rep &&
+	>rep2 &&
+	git add rep rep2&&
+	git commit -m "added test as a file" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	>rep/untracked-file &&
+	>rep2/untracked-file &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout branch 2>out &&
+	test_cmp out ../expect
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
index e768c3eb2d..3bd74042ef 100755
--- a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
+++ b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Testing basic merge tool invocation'
 # running mergetool
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    git config rerere.enabled true &&
     echo master >file1 &&
     mkdir subdir &&
     echo master sub >subdir/file3 &&
@@ -67,23 +68,47 @@ test_expect_success 'mergetool crlf' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool in subdir' '
-    git checkout -b test3 branch1
-    cd subdir && (
-    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub" )
+    git checkout -b test3 branch1 &&
+    (
+	cd subdir &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub"
+    )
 '
 
-# We can't merge files from parent directories when running mergetool
-# from a subdir. Is this a bug?
-#
-#test_expect_failure 'mergetool in subdir' '
-#    cd subdir && (
-#    ( yes "" | git mergetool ../file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-#    ( yes "" | git mergetool ../file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-#    test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
-#    test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
-#    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - subdir" )
-#'
+test_expect_success 'mergetool on file in parent dir' '
+    (
+	cd subdir &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool ../file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool ../file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
+	test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - subdir"
+    )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mergetool skips autoresolved' '
+    git checkout -b test4 branch1 &&
+    test_must_fail git merge master &&
+    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+    git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mergetool merges all from subdir' '
+    (
+	cd subdir &&
+	git config rerere.enabled false &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt &&
+	test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
+	test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
+	test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub" &&
+	git add ../file1 ../file2 file3 &&
+	git commit -m "branch2 resolved by mergetool from subdir"
+    )
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7810-grep.sh b/t/t7810-grep.sh
index 8a6322765c..023f225a4b 100755
--- a/t/t7810-grep.sh
+++ b/t/t7810-grep.sh
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ do
 
 	test_expect_success "grep -w $L (w)" '
 		: >expected &&
-		! git grep -n -w -e "^w" >actual &&
+		test_must_fail git grep -n -w -e "^w" >actual &&
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh b/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
index 134411e0a5..3c4f31925f 100755
--- a/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'start import with incomplete authors file' '
-	! git svn clone --authors-file=svn-authors "$svnrepo" x
+	test_must_fail git svn clone --authors-file=svn-authors "$svnrepo" x
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'imported 2 revisions successfully' '
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success 'authors-file against globs' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch fails on ee' '
-	( cd aa-work && ! git svn fetch --authors-file=../svn-authors )
+	( cd aa-work && test_must_fail git svn fetch --authors-file=../svn-authors )
 	'
 
 tmp_config_get () {
diff --git a/t/t9139-git-svn-non-utf8-commitencoding.sh b/t/t9139-git-svn-non-utf8-commitencoding.sh
index f337959ccc..22d80b0be2 100755
--- a/t/t9139-git-svn-non-utf8-commitencoding.sh
+++ b/t/t9139-git-svn-non-utf8-commitencoding.sh
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ do
 	(
 		cd $H &&
 		git config --unset i18n.commitencoding &&
-		! git svn dcommit
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit
 	)
 	'
 done
diff --git a/t/t9140-git-svn-reset.sh b/t/t9140-git-svn-reset.sh
index 0735526d4b..e855904629 100755
--- a/t/t9140-git-svn-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t9140-git-svn-reset.sh
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test_expect_success 'modify hidden file in SVN repo' '
 test_expect_success 'fetch fails on modified hidden file' '
 	( cd g &&
 	  git svn find-rev refs/remotes/git-svn > ../expect &&
-	  ! git svn fetch 2> ../errors &&
+	  test_must_fail git svn fetch 2> ../errors &&
 	  git svn find-rev refs/remotes/git-svn > ../expect2 ) &&
 	fgrep "not found in commit" errors &&
 	test_cmp expect expect2
diff --git a/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh b/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a486a98f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git svn fetch deleted tag'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svn repo' '
+	mkdir -p import/trunk/subdir &&
+	mkdir -p import/branches &&
+	mkdir -p import/tags &&
+	echo "base" >import/trunk/subdir/file &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "import for git svn" import "$svnrepo" &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "create mybranch directory" "$svnrepo/branches/mybranch" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "create branch mybranch" "$svnrepo/trunk" "$svnrepo/branches/mybranch/trunk" &&
+
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo/trunk" svn_project &&
+	(cd svn_project &&
+		echo "trunk change" >>subdir/file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "trunk change" subdir/file &&
+
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo/branches/mybranch/trunk" &&
+		echo "branch change" >>subdir/file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "branch change" subdir/file
+	) &&
+
+	svn_cmd cp -m "create mytag attempt 1" -r5 "$svnrepo/trunk/subdir" "$svnrepo/tags/mytag" &&
+	svn_cmd rm -m "delete mytag attempt 1" "$svnrepo/tags/mytag" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "create mytag attempt 2" -r5 "$svnrepo/branches/mybranch/trunk/subdir" "$svnrepo/tags/mytag"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch deleted tags from same revision with checksum error' '
+	git svn init --stdlayout "$svnrepo" git_project &&
+	cd git_project &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+
+	git diff --exit-code mybranch:trunk/subdir/file tags/mytag:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir/file tags/mytag^:file
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh b/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5ce7e2f3b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git svn fetch deleted tag 2'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svn repo' '
+	mkdir -p import/branches &&
+	mkdir -p import/tags &&
+	mkdir -p import/trunk/subdir1 &&
+	mkdir -p import/trunk/subdir2 &&
+	mkdir -p import/trunk/subdir3 &&
+	echo "file1" >import/trunk/subdir1/file &&
+	echo "file2" >import/trunk/subdir2/file &&
+	echo "file3" >import/trunk/subdir3/file &&
+	svn_cmd import -m "import for git svn" import "$svnrepo" &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo/trunk" svn_project &&
+	(cd svn_project &&
+		echo "change1" >>subdir1/file &&
+		echo "change2" >>subdir2/file &&
+		echo "change3" >>subdir3/file &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "change" .
+	) &&
+
+	svn_cmd cp -m "create mytag 1" -r2 "$svnrepo/trunk/subdir1" "$svnrepo/tags/mytag" &&
+	svn_cmd rm -m "delete mytag 1" "$svnrepo/tags/mytag" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "create mytag 2" -r2 "$svnrepo/trunk/subdir2" "$svnrepo/tags/mytag" &&
+	svn_cmd rm -m "delete mytag 2" "$svnrepo/tags/mytag" &&
+	svn_cmd cp -m "create mytag 3" -r2 "$svnrepo/trunk/subdir3" "$svnrepo/tags/mytag"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch deleted tags from same revision with no checksum error' '
+	git svn init --stdlayout "$svnrepo" git_project &&
+	cd git_project &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir3/file tags/mytag:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir2/file tags/mytag^:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir1/file tags/mytag^^:file
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 2aeed7bd06..96d07f1833 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -853,6 +853,60 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'git fast-import <input &&
 	 test `git rev-parse N2^{tree}` = `git rev-parse N3^{tree}`'
 
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy directory by id' \
+	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
+	EOF
+	 subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
+	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N4
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy by tree hash
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	M 040000 $subdir file3
+	INPUT_END
+	 git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N4^ N4 >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: modify copied tree' \
+	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	file3/file5
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
+	EOF
+	 subdir=$(git rev-parse refs/heads/branch^0:file2) &&
+	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N5
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy by tree hash
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	M 040000 $subdir file3
+
+	commit refs/heads/N5
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	modify directory copy
+	COMMIT
+
+	M 644 inline file3/file5
+	data <<EOF
+	$file5_data
+	EOF
+	INPUT_END
+	 git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r N5^^ N5 >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
 ###
 ### series O
 ###
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
index d43f37ccaf..d831404fba 100755
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -355,6 +355,20 @@ test_expect_failure 'no exact-ref revisions included' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'path limiting with import-marks does not lose unmodified files'        '
+	git checkout -b simple marks~2 &&
+	git fast-export --export-marks=marks simple -- file > /dev/null &&
+	echo more content >> file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -mnext file &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=marks simple -- file file0 | grep file0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'full-tree re-shows unmodified files'        '
+	git checkout -f simple &&
+	test $(git fast-export --full-tree simple | grep -c file0) -eq 3
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'set-up a few more tags for tag export tests' '
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	HEAD_TREE=`git show -s --pretty=raw HEAD | grep tree | sed "s/tree //"` &&
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index e8f21d577c..3a3d4c4723 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -256,6 +256,10 @@ q_to_cr () {
 	tr Q '\015'
 }
 
+q_to_tab () {
+	tr Q '\011'
+}
+
 append_cr () {
 	sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
 }
@@ -541,6 +545,38 @@ test_external_without_stderr () {
 	fi
 }
 
+# debugging-friendly alternatives to "test [-f|-d|-e]"
+# The commands test the existence or non-existence of $1. $2 can be
+# given to provide a more precise diagnosis.
+test_path_is_file () {
+	if ! [ -f "$1" ]
+	then
+		echo "File $1 doesn't exist. $*"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+test_path_is_dir () {
+	if ! [ -d "$1" ]
+	then
+		echo "Directory $1 doesn't exist. $*"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+test_path_is_missing () {
+	if [ -e "$1" ]
+	then
+		echo "Path exists:"
+		ls -ld "$1"
+		if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
+			echo "$*"
+		fi
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+
 # This is not among top-level (test_expect_success | test_expect_failure)
 # but is a prefix that can be used in the test script, like:
 #
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index 191fbf798a..acfc88e3f1 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport *transport,
 	struct child_process *helper, exporter;
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
 	char *export_marks = NULL, *import_marks = NULL;
-	struct string_list revlist_args = { NULL, 0, 0 };
+	struct string_list revlist_args = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	helper = get_helper(transport);
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index 1fb3e94614..cd659c6fe4 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -359,6 +359,7 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
 
 	/* Go through the new set of filepairing, and see if we find a more interesting one */
+	opt->found_follow = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 
@@ -376,6 +377,16 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 			diff_tree_release_paths(opt);
 			opt->paths[0] = xstrdup(p->one->path);
 			diff_tree_setup_paths(opt->paths, opt);
+
+			/*
+			 * The caller expects us to return a set of vanilla
+			 * filepairs to let a later call to diffcore_std()
+			 * it makes to sort the renames out (among other
+			 * things), but we already have found renames
+			 * ourselves; signal diffcore_std() not to muck with
+			 * rename information.
+			 */
+			opt->found_follow = 1;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -412,7 +423,7 @@ int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, const cha
 	init_tree_desc(&t1, tree1, size1);
 	init_tree_desc(&t2, tree2, size2);
 	retval = diff_tree(&t1, &t2, base, opt);
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && diff_might_be_rename()) {
+	if (!*base && DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && diff_might_be_rename()) {
 		init_tree_desc(&t1, tree1, size1);
 		init_tree_desc(&t2, tree2, size2);
 		try_to_follow_renames(&t1, &t2, base, opt);
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index 67a9a0c5a5..a9bbf4e235 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 
 static const char *get_mode(const char *str, unsigned int *modep)
@@ -310,6 +311,7 @@ static void free_extended_entry(struct tree_desc_x *t)
 int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
+	int error = 0;
 	struct name_entry *entry = xmalloc(n*sizeof(*entry));
 	int i;
 	struct tree_desc_x *tx = xcalloc(n, sizeof(*tx));
@@ -377,8 +379,11 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 		if (!mask)
 			break;
 		ret = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
-		if (ret < 0)
-			break;
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			error = ret;
+			if (!info->show_all_errors)
+				break;
+		}
 		mask &= ret;
 		ret = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
@@ -389,7 +394,7 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 		free_extended_entry(tx + i);
 	free(tx);
-	return ret;
+	return error;
 }
 
 static int find_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t, const char *name, unsigned char *result, unsigned *mode)
diff --git a/tree-walk.h b/tree-walk.h
index 42110a465f..7e3e0b5ad1 100644
--- a/tree-walk.h
+++ b/tree-walk.h
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ static inline int tree_entry_len(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1)
 void update_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *);
 void init_tree_desc(struct tree_desc *desc, const void *buf, unsigned long size);
 
-/* Helper function that does both of the above and returns true for success */
+/*
+ * Helper function that does both tree_entry_extract() and update_tree_entry()
+ * and returns true for success
+ */
 int tree_entry(struct tree_desc *, struct name_entry *);
 
 void *fill_tree_descriptor(struct tree_desc *desc, const unsigned char *sha1);
@@ -45,6 +48,7 @@ struct traverse_info {
 	unsigned long conflicts;
 	traverse_callback_t fn;
 	void *data;
+	int show_all_errors;
 };
 
 int get_tree_entry(const unsigned char *, const char *, unsigned char *, unsigned *);
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index 8cf0da317d..3c7a7c9cde 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -13,37 +13,42 @@
  * Error messages expected by scripts out of plumbing commands such as
  * read-tree.  Non-scripted Porcelain is not required to use these messages
  * and in fact are encouraged to reword them to better suit their particular
- * situation better.  See how "git checkout" replaces not_uptodate_file to
- * explain why it does not allow switching between branches when you have
- * local changes, for example.
+ * situation better.  See how "git checkout" and "git merge" replaces
+ * them using set_porcelain_error_msgs(), for example.
  */
-static struct unpack_trees_error_msgs unpack_plumbing_errors = {
-	/* would_overwrite */
+const char *unpack_plumbing_errors[NB_UNPACK_TREES_ERROR_TYPES] = {
+	/* ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE */
 	"Entry '%s' would be overwritten by merge. Cannot merge.",
 
-	/* not_uptodate_file */
+	/* ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE */
 	"Entry '%s' not uptodate. Cannot merge.",
 
-	/* not_uptodate_dir */
+	/* ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_DIR */
 	"Updating '%s' would lose untracked files in it",
 
-	/* would_lose_untracked */
-	"Untracked working tree file '%s' would be %s by merge.",
+	/* ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN */
+	"Untracked working tree file '%s' would be overwritten by merge.",
 
-	/* bind_overlap */
+	/* ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED */
+	"Untracked working tree file '%s' would be removed by merge.",
+
+	/* ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP */
 	"Entry '%s' overlaps with '%s'.  Cannot bind.",
 
-	/* sparse_not_uptodate_file */
+	/* ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE */
 	"Entry '%s' not uptodate. Cannot update sparse checkout.",
 
-	/* would_lose_orphaned */
-	"Working tree file '%s' would be %s by sparse checkout update.",
+	/* ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_OVERWRITTEN */
+	"Working tree file '%s' would be overwritten by sparse checkout update.",
+
+	/* ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_REMOVED */
+	"Working tree file '%s' would be removed by sparse checkout update.",
 };
 
-#define ERRORMSG(o,fld) \
-	( ((o) && (o)->msgs.fld) \
-	? ((o)->msgs.fld) \
-	: (unpack_plumbing_errors.fld) )
+#define ERRORMSG(o,type) \
+	( ((o) && (o)->msgs[(type)]) \
+	  ? ((o)->msgs[(type)])      \
+	  : (unpack_plumbing_errors[(type)]) )
 
 static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
 	unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
@@ -53,12 +58,82 @@ static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
 
 	clear |= CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED;
 
+	if (set & CE_REMOVE)
+		set |= CE_WT_REMOVE;
+
 	memcpy(new, ce, size);
 	new->next = NULL;
 	new->ce_flags = (new->ce_flags & ~clear) | set;
 	add_index_entry(&o->result, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 }
 
+/*
+ * add error messages on path <path>
+ * corresponding to the type <e> with the message <msg>
+ * indicating if it should be display in porcelain or not
+ */
+static int add_rejected_path(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+			     enum unpack_trees_error_types e,
+			     const char *path)
+{
+	struct rejected_paths_list *newentry;
+	int porcelain = o && (o)->msgs[e];
+	/*
+	 * simply display the given error message if in plumbing mode
+	 */
+	if (!porcelain)
+		o->show_all_errors = 0;
+	if (!o->show_all_errors)
+		return error(ERRORMSG(o, e), path);
+
+	/*
+	 * Otherwise, insert in a list for future display by
+	 * display_error_msgs()
+	 */
+	newentry = xmalloc(sizeof(struct rejected_paths_list));
+	newentry->path = (char *)path;
+	newentry->next = o->unpack_rejects[e];
+	o->unpack_rejects[e] = newentry;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * free all the structures allocated for the error <e>
+ */
+static void free_rejected_paths(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types e)
+{
+	while (o->unpack_rejects[e]) {
+		struct rejected_paths_list *del = o->unpack_rejects[e];
+		o->unpack_rejects[e] = o->unpack_rejects[e]->next;
+		free(del);
+	}
+	free(o->unpack_rejects[e]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * display all the error messages stored in a nice way
+ */
+static void display_error_msgs(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+{
+	int e;
+	int something_displayed = 0;
+	for (e = 0; e < NB_UNPACK_TREES_ERROR_TYPES; e++) {
+		if (o->unpack_rejects[e]) {
+			struct rejected_paths_list *rp;
+			struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+			something_displayed = 1;
+			for (rp = o->unpack_rejects[e]; rp; rp = rp->next)
+				strbuf_addf(&path, "\t%s\n", rp->path);
+			error(ERRORMSG(o, e), path.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&path);
+			free_rejected_paths(o, e);
+		}
+	}
+	if (something_displayed)
+		printf("Aborting\n");
+}
+
 /*
  * Unlink the last component and schedule the leading directories for
  * removal, such that empty directories get removed.
@@ -84,7 +159,7 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (o->update && o->verbose_update) {
 		for (total = cnt = 0; cnt < index->cache_nr; cnt++) {
 			struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
-			if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_UPDATE | CE_REMOVE | CE_WT_REMOVE))
+			if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_UPDATE | CE_WT_REMOVE))
 				total++;
 		}
 
@@ -104,12 +179,6 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 				unlink_entry(ce);
 			continue;
 		}
-
-		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
-			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
-			if (o->update)
-				unlink_entry(ce);
-		}
 	}
 	remove_marked_cache_entries(&o->result);
 	remove_scheduled_dirs();
@@ -132,15 +201,12 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 }
 
 static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
 static int will_have_skip_worktree(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	const char *basename;
 
-	if (ce_stage(ce))
-		return 0;
-
 	basename = strrchr(ce->name, '/');
 	basename = basename ? basename+1 : ce->name;
 	return excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), basename, NULL, o->el) <= 0;
@@ -150,19 +216,36 @@ static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_opt
 {
 	int was_skip_worktree = ce_skip_worktree(ce);
 
-	if (will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
+	if (!ce_stage(ce) && will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 	else
 		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 
 	/*
-	 * We only care about files getting into the checkout area
-	 * If merge strategies want to remove some, go ahead, this
-	 * flag will be removed eventually in unpack_trees() if it's
-	 * outside checkout area.
+	 * if (!was_skip_worktree && !ce_skip_worktree()) {
+	 *	This is perfectly normal. Move on;
+	 * }
 	 */
-	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
-		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Merge strategies may set CE_UPDATE|CE_REMOVE outside checkout
+	 * area as a result of ce_skip_worktree() shortcuts in
+	 * verify_absent() and verify_uptodate().
+	 * Make sure they don't modify worktree if they are already
+	 * outside checkout area
+	 */
+	if (was_skip_worktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UPDATE;
+
+		/*
+		 * By default, when CE_REMOVE is on, CE_WT_REMOVE is also
+		 * on to get that file removed from both index and worktree.
+		 * If that file is already outside worktree area, don't
+		 * bother remove it.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+			ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_WT_REMOVE;
+	}
 
 	if (!was_skip_worktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
 		/*
@@ -175,7 +258,7 @@ static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_opt
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_WT_REMOVE;
 	}
 	if (was_skip_worktree && !ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
-		if (verify_absent_sparse(ce, "overwritten", o))
+		if (verify_absent_sparse(ce, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
 			return -1;
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE;
 	}
@@ -329,6 +412,7 @@ static int traverse_trees_recursive(int n, unsigned long dirmask, unsigned long
 {
 	int i, ret, bottom;
 	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	void *buf[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
 	struct traverse_info newinfo;
 	struct name_entry *p;
 
@@ -346,12 +430,16 @@ static int traverse_trees_recursive(int n, unsigned long dirmask, unsigned long
 		const unsigned char *sha1 = NULL;
 		if (dirmask & 1)
 			sha1 = names[i].sha1;
-		fill_tree_descriptor(t+i, sha1);
+		buf[i] = fill_tree_descriptor(t+i, sha1);
 	}
 
 	bottom = switch_cache_bottom(&newinfo);
 	ret = traverse_trees(n, t, &newinfo);
 	restore_cache_bottom(&newinfo, bottom);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		free(buf[i]);
+
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -750,6 +838,7 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 		setup_traverse_info(&info, prefix);
 		info.fn = unpack_callback;
 		info.data = o;
+		info.show_all_errors = o->show_all_errors;
 
 		if (o->prefix) {
 			/*
@@ -798,14 +887,7 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 				ret = -1;
 				goto done;
 			}
-			/*
-			 * Merge strategies may set CE_UPDATE|CE_REMOVE outside checkout
-			 * area as a result of ce_skip_worktree() shortcuts in
-			 * verify_absent() and verify_uptodate(). Clear them.
-			 */
-			if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
-				ce->ce_flags &= ~(CE_UPDATE | CE_REMOVE);
-			else
+			if (!ce_skip_worktree(ce))
 				empty_worktree = 0;
 
 		}
@@ -829,6 +911,8 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 	return ret;
 
 return_failed:
+	if (o->show_all_errors)
+		display_error_msgs(o);
 	mark_all_ce_unused(o->src_index);
 	ret = unpack_failed(o, NULL);
 	goto done;
@@ -838,7 +922,7 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 
 static int reject_merge(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	return error(ERRORMSG(o, would_overwrite), ce->name);
+	return add_rejected_path(o, ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE, ce->name);
 }
 
 static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
@@ -860,7 +944,7 @@ static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
  */
 static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 				   struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-				   const char *error_msg)
+				   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 
@@ -885,7 +969,7 @@ static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	if (errno == ENOENT)
 		return 0;
 	return o->gently ? -1 :
-		error(error_msg, ce->name);
+		add_rejected_path(o, error_type, ce->name);
 }
 
 static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
@@ -893,13 +977,13 @@ static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
 {
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
 		return 0;
-	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERRORMSG(o, not_uptodate_file));
+	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
 static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
 				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERRORMSG(o, sparse_not_uptodate_file));
+	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
 static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
@@ -915,13 +999,15 @@ static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_optio
  * Currently, git does not checkout subprojects during a superproject
  * checkout, so it is not going to overwrite anything.
  */
-static int verify_clean_submodule(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+static int verify_clean_submodule(struct cache_entry *ce,
+				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
+				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/*
@@ -942,7 +1028,7 @@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
 		 */
 		if (!hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1))
 			return 0;
-		return verify_clean_submodule(ce, action, o);
+		return verify_clean_submodule(ce, error_type, o);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -986,7 +1072,7 @@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
 	i = read_directory(&d, pathbuf, namelen+1, NULL);
 	if (i)
 		return o->gently ? -1 :
-			error(ERRORMSG(o, not_uptodate_dir), ce->name);
+			add_rejected_path(o, ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_DIR, ce->name);
 	free(pathbuf);
 	return cnt;
 }
@@ -1011,9 +1097,9 @@ static int icase_exists(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *dst,
  * We do not want to remove or overwrite a working tree file that
  * is not tracked, unless it is ignored.
  */
-static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
-				 struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-				 const char *error_msg)
+static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
+				 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 
@@ -1051,7 +1137,7 @@ static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
 			 * files that are in "foo/" we would lose
 			 * them.
 			 */
-			if (verify_clean_subdirectory(ce, action, o) < 0)
+			if (verify_clean_subdirectory(ce, error_type, o) < 0)
 				return -1;
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -1068,22 +1154,28 @@ static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
 		}
 
 		return o->gently ? -1 :
-			error(ERRORMSG(o, would_lose_untracked), ce->name, action);
+			add_rejected_path(o, error_type, ce->name);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && will_have_skip_worktree(ce, o))
 		return 0;
-	return verify_absent_1(ce, action, o, ERRORMSG(o, would_lose_untracked));
+	return verify_absent_1(ce, error_type, o);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, const char *action,
+static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	return verify_absent_1(ce, action, o, ERRORMSG(o, would_lose_orphaned));
+	enum unpack_trees_error_types orphaned_error = error_type;
+	if (orphaned_error == ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN)
+		orphaned_error = ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_OVERWRITTEN;
+
+	return verify_absent_1(ce, orphaned_error, o);
 }
 
 static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
@@ -1092,8 +1184,10 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 	int update = CE_UPDATE;
 
 	if (!old) {
-		if (verify_absent(merge, "overwritten", o))
+		if (verify_absent(merge, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
 			return -1;
+		if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && will_have_skip_worktree(merge, o))
+			update |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 		invalidate_ce_path(merge, o);
 	} else if (!(old->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED)) {
 		/*
@@ -1130,7 +1224,7 @@ static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
 {
 	/* Did it exist in the index? */
 	if (!old) {
-		if (verify_absent(ce, "removed", o))
+		if (verify_absent(ce, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED, o))
 			return -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -1279,7 +1373,7 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 			if (index)
 				return deleted_entry(index, index, o);
 			if (ce && !head_deleted) {
-				if (verify_absent(ce, "removed", o))
+				if (verify_absent(ce, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED, o))
 					return -1;
 			}
 			return 0;
@@ -1412,7 +1506,7 @@ int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
 			     o->merge_size);
 	if (a && old)
 		return o->gently ? -1 :
-			error(ERRORMSG(o, bind_overlap), a->name, old->name);
+			error(ERRORMSG(o, ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP), a->name, old->name);
 	if (!a)
 		return keep_entry(old, o);
 	else
diff --git a/unpack-trees.h b/unpack-trees.h
index ef70eab390..6e049b0997 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.h
+++ b/unpack-trees.h
@@ -9,14 +9,22 @@ struct exclude_list;
 typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(struct cache_entry **src,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
-struct unpack_trees_error_msgs {
-	const char *would_overwrite;
-	const char *not_uptodate_file;
-	const char *not_uptodate_dir;
-	const char *would_lose_untracked;
-	const char *bind_overlap;
-	const char *sparse_not_uptodate_file;
-	const char *would_lose_orphaned;
+enum unpack_trees_error_types {
+	ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE = 0,
+	ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE,
+	ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_DIR,
+	ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN,
+	ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED,
+	ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP,
+	ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE,
+	ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_OVERWRITTEN,
+	ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_REMOVED,
+	NB_UNPACK_TREES_ERROR_TYPES
+};
+
+struct rejected_paths_list {
+	char *path;
+	struct rejected_paths_list *next;
 };
 
 struct unpack_trees_options {
@@ -33,12 +41,18 @@ struct unpack_trees_options {
 		     diff_index_cached,
 		     debug_unpack,
 		     skip_sparse_checkout,
-		     gently;
+		     gently,
+		     show_all_errors;
 	const char *prefix;
 	int cache_bottom;
 	struct dir_struct *dir;
 	merge_fn_t fn;
-	struct unpack_trees_error_msgs msgs;
+	const char *msgs[NB_UNPACK_TREES_ERROR_TYPES];
+	/*
+	 * Store error messages in an array, each case
+	 * corresponding to a error message type
+	 */
+	struct rejected_paths_list *unpack_rejects[NB_UNPACK_TREES_ERROR_TYPES];
 
 	int head_idx;
 	int merge_size;
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index fc79ddef25..92f9530c65 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 
 static void receive_needs(void)
 {
-	struct object_array shallows = {0, 0, NULL};
+	struct object_array shallows = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	static char line[1000];
 	int len, depth = 0;
 
diff --git a/url.c b/url.c
index 230623657a..cd8f74f00c 100644
--- a/url.c
+++ b/url.c
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ static int url_decode_char(const char *q)
 	return val;
 }
 
-static char *url_decode_internal(const char **query, const char *stop_at, struct strbuf *out)
+static char *url_decode_internal(const char **query, const char *stop_at,
+				 struct strbuf *out, int decode_plus)
 {
 	const char *q = *query;
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ static char *url_decode_internal(const char **query, const char *stop_at, struct
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (c == '+')
+		if (decode_plus && c == '+')
 			strbuf_addch(out, ' ');
 		else
 			strbuf_addch(out, c);
@@ -110,17 +111,17 @@ char *url_decode(const char *url)
 		strbuf_add(&out, url, colon - url);
 		url = colon;
 	}
-	return url_decode_internal(&url, NULL, &out);
+	return url_decode_internal(&url, NULL, &out, 0);
 }
 
 char *url_decode_parameter_name(const char **query)
 {
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
-	return url_decode_internal(query, "&=", &out);
+	return url_decode_internal(query, "&=", &out, 1);
 }
 
 char *url_decode_parameter_value(const char **query)
 {
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
-	return url_decode_internal(query, "&", &out);
+	return url_decode_internal(query, "&", &out, 1);
 }
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
index c49cc1b67e..e5522159b3 100644
--- a/userdiff.c
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -82,6 +82,22 @@ PATTERNS("cpp",
 	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
 	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->"
 	 "|[^[:space:]]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
+PATTERNS("csharp",
+	 /* Keywords */
+	 "!^[ \t]*(do|while|for|if|else|instanceof|new|return|switch|case|throw|catch|using)\n"
+	 /* Methods and constructors */
+	 "^[ \t]*(((static|public|internal|private|protected|new|virtual|sealed|override|unsafe)[ \t]+)*[][<>@.~_[:alnum:]]+[ \t]+[<>@._[:alnum:]]+[ \t]*\\(.*\\))[ \t]*$\n"
+	 /* Properties */
+	 "^[ \t]*(((static|public|internal|private|protected|new|virtual|sealed|override|unsafe)[ \t]+)*[][<>@.~_[:alnum:]]+[ \t]+[@._[:alnum:]]+)[ \t]*$\n"
+	 /* Type definitions */
+	 "^[ \t]*(((static|public|internal|private|protected|new|unsafe|sealed|abstract|partial)[ \t]+)*(class|enum|interface|struct)[ \t]+.*)$\n"
+	 /* Namespace */
+	 "^[ \t]*(namespace[ \t]+.*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->"
+	 "|[^[:space:]]|[\x80-\xff]+"),
 { "default", NULL, -1, { NULL, 0 } },
 };
 #undef PATTERNS
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
index afb4f6f773..fd8ead33ed 100644
--- a/wrapper.c
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ void *xmalloc(size_t size)
 		if (!ret && !size)
 			ret = malloc(1);
 		if (!ret)
-			die("Out of memory, malloc failed");
+			die("Out of memory, malloc failed (tried to allocate %lu bytes)",
+			    (unsigned long)size);
 	}
 #ifdef XMALLOC_POISON
 	memset(ret, 0xA5, size);
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index 2f9e33c8fa..54b6b03b9c 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -313,8 +313,10 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_worktree(struct wt_status *s)
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
 	if (!s->show_untracked_files)
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, IGNORE_UNTRACKED_IN_SUBMODULES);
-	if (s->ignore_submodule_arg)
+	if (s->ignore_submodule_arg) {
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&rev.diffopt, s->ignore_submodule_arg);
+    }
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = wt_status_collect_changed_cb;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = s;
 	rev.prune_data = s->pathspec;
@@ -331,8 +333,10 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_index(struct wt_status *s)
 	opt.def = s->is_initial ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : s->reference;
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, &opt);
 
-	if (s->ignore_submodule_arg)
+	if (s->ignore_submodule_arg) {
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&rev.diffopt, s->ignore_submodule_arg);
+	}
 
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = wt_status_collect_updated_cb;