A new run-command API function pipe_command() is introduced to
sanely feed data to the standard input while capturing data from
the standard output and the standard error of an external process,
which is cumbersome to hand-roll correctly without deadlocking.
The codepath to sign data in a prepared buffer with GPG has been
updated to use this API to read from the status-fd to check for
errors (instead of relying on GPG's exit status).
* jk/gpg-interface-cleanup:
gpg-interface: check gpg signature creation status
sign_buffer: use pipe_command
verify_signed_buffer: use pipe_command
run-command: add pipe_command helper
verify_signed_buffer: use tempfile object
verify_signed_buffer: drop pbuf variable
gpg-interface: use child_process.args
Formats of the various data (and how to validate them) where we use
GPG signature have been documented.
* mg/signature-doc:
Documentation/technical: signed merge tag format
Documentation/technical: signed commit format
Documentation/technical: signed tag format
Documentation/technical: describe signature formats
"log --graph --format=" learned that "%>|(N)" specifies the width
relative to the terminal's left edge, not relative to the area to
draw text that is to the right of the ancestry-graph section. It
also now accepts negative N that means the column limit is relative
to the right border.
* nd/graph-width-padded:
pretty.c: support <direction>|(<negative number>) forms
pretty: pass graph width to pretty formatting for use in '%>|(N)'
"git repack" learned the "--keep-unreachable" option, which sends
loose unreachable objects to a pack instead of leaving them loose.
This helps heuristics based on the number of loose objects
(e.g. "gc --auto").
Teach format-patch and mailsplit (hence "am") how a line that
happens to begin with "From " in the e-mail message is quoted with
">", so that these lines can be restored to their original shape.
* ew/mboxrd-format-am:
am: support --patch-format=mboxrd
mailsplit: support unescaping mboxrd messages
pretty: support "mboxrd" output format
"upload-pack" allows a custom "git pack-objects" replacement when
responding to "fetch/clone" via the uploadpack.packObjectsHook.
* jk/upload-pack-hook:
upload-pack: provide a hook for running pack-objects
t1308: do not get fooled by symbolic links to the source tree
config: add a notion of "scope"
config: return configset value for current_config_ functions
config: set up config_source for command-line config
git_config_parse_parameter: refactor cleanup code
git_config_with_options: drop "found" counting
Further preparatory clean-up for "worktree" feature continues.
* nd/worktree-cleanup-post-head-protection:
worktree: simplify prefixing paths
worktree: avoid 0{40}, too many zeroes, hard to read
worktree.c: use is_dot_or_dotdot()
git-worktree.txt: keep subcommand listing in alphabetical order
worktree.c: rewrite mark_current_worktree() to avoid strbuf
completion: support git-worktree
"git bisect" makes an internal call to "git diff-tree" when
bisection finds the culprit, but this call did not initialize the
data structure to pass to the diff-tree API correctly.
* jk/bisect-show-tree:
bisect: always call setup_revisions after init_revisions
Instead of taking advantage of a struct string_list that is
allocated with all NULs happens to be STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP kind,
initialize them explicitly as such, to document their behaviour
better.
* jk/string-list-static-init:
use string_list initializer consistently
blame,shortlog: don't make local option variables static
interpret-trailers: don't duplicate option strings
parse_opt_string_list: stop allocating new strings
The completion script (in contrib/) learned to complete "git
status" options.
* tb/complete-status:
completion: add git status
completion: add __git_get_option_value helper
completion: factor out untracked file modes into a variable
Allow messages that are generated by auto gc during "git push" on
the receiving end to be explicitly passed back to the sending end
over sideband, so that they are shown with "remote: " prefix to
avoid confusing the users.
* lf/receive-pack-auto-gc-to-client:
receive-pack: send auto-gc output over sideband 2
"git update-index --add --chmod=+x file" may be usable as an escape
hatch, but not a friendly thing to force for people who do need to
use it regularly. "git add --chmod=+x file" can be used instead.
The documentation set has been updated so that literal commands,
configuration variables and environment variables are consistently
typeset in fixed-width font and bold in manpages.
* tr/doc-tt:
doc: change configuration variables format
doc: more consistency in environment variables format
doc: change environment variables format
doc: clearer rule about formatting literals
The "git apply" standalone program is being libified; this is the
first step to move many state variables into a structure that can
be explicitly (re)initialized to make the machinery callable more
than once.
The next step that moves some remaining state variables into the
structure and turns die()s into an error return that propagates up
to the caller is not queued yet but in flight. It would be good to
review the above first and give the remainder of the series a solid
base to build on.
* cc/apply-introduce-state: (50 commits)
builtin/apply: remove misleading comment on lock_file field
builtin/apply: move 'newfd' global into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: add 'lock_file' pointer into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move applying patches into apply_all_patches()
builtin/apply: move 'state' check into check_apply_state()
builtin/apply: move 'symlink_changes' global into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'fn_table' global into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'state_linenr' global into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'max_change' and 'max_len' into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'ws_ignore_action' into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'ws_error_action' into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'applied_after_fixing_ws' into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'squelch_whitespace_errors' into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: remove whitespace_option arg from set_default_whitespace_mode()
builtin/apply: move 'whitespace_option' into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'whitespace_error' global into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'root' global into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'p_value_known' global into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'p_value' global into 'struct apply_state'
builtin/apply: move 'has_include' global into 'struct apply_state'
...
Merge branch 'rs/xdiff-hunk-with-func-line' into maint
"git show -W" (extend hunks to cover the entire function, delimited
by lines that match the "funcname" pattern) used to show the entire
file when a change added an entire function at the end of the file,
which has been fixed.
* rs/xdiff-hunk-with-func-line:
xdiff: fix merging of appended hunk with -W
grep: -W: don't extend context to trailing empty lines
t7810: add test for grep -W and trailing empty context lines
xdiff: don't trim common tail with -W
xdiff: -W: don't include common trailing empty lines in context
xdiff: ignore empty lines before added functions with -W
xdiff: handle appended chunks better with -W
xdiff: factor out match_func_rec()
t4051: rewrite, add more tests
Merge branch 'jk/rev-list-count-with-bitmap' into maint
"git rev-list --count" whose walk-length is limited with "-n"
option did not work well with the counting optimized to look at the
bitmap index.
* jk/rev-list-count-with-bitmap:
rev-list: disable bitmaps when "-n" is used with listing objects
rev-list: "adjust" results of "--count --use-bitmap-index -n"
The commands in `git log` family take %C(auto) in a custom format
string. This unconditionally turned the color on, ignoring
--no-color or with --color=auto when the output is not connected to
a tty; this was corrected to make the format truly behave as
"auto".
* et/pretty-format-c-auto:
format_commit_message: honor `color=auto` for `%C(auto)`
Merge branch 'ew/daemon-socket-keepalive' into maint
When "git daemon" is run without --[init-]timeout specified, a
connection from a client that silently goes offline can hang around
for a long time, wasting resources. The socket-level KEEPALIVE has
been enabled to allow the OS to notice such failed connections.
* ew/daemon-socket-keepalive:
daemon: enable SO_KEEPALIVE for all sockets
"git show -W" (extend hunks to cover the entire function, delimited
by lines that match the "funcname" pattern) used to show the entire
file when a change added an entire function at the end of the file,
which has been fixed.
* rs/xdiff-hunk-with-func-line:
xdiff: fix merging of appended hunk with -W
grep: -W: don't extend context to trailing empty lines
t7810: add test for grep -W and trailing empty context lines
xdiff: don't trim common tail with -W
xdiff: -W: don't include common trailing empty lines in context
xdiff: ignore empty lines before added functions with -W
xdiff: handle appended chunks better with -W
xdiff: factor out match_func_rec()
t4051: rewrite, add more tests
"git rev-list --count" whose walk-length is limited with "-n"
option did not work well with the counting optimized to look at the
bitmap index.
* jk/rev-list-count-with-bitmap:
rev-list: disable bitmaps when "-n" is used with listing objects
rev-list: "adjust" results of "--count --use-bitmap-index -n"
We usually call a function that clears the contents a data
structure X without freeing the structure itself clear_X(), and
call a function that does clear_X() and also frees it free_X().
free_pathspec() function has been renamed to clear_pathspec()
to avoid confusion.
* jc/clear-pathspec:
pathspec: rename free_pathspec() to clear_pathspec()
The commands in `git log` family take %C(auto) in a custom format
string. This unconditionally turned the color on, ignoring
--no-color or with --color=auto when the output is not connected to
a tty; this was corrected to make the format truly behave as
"auto".
* et/pretty-format-c-auto:
format_commit_message: honor `color=auto` for `%C(auto)`
When "git daemon" is run without --[init-]timeout specified, a
connection from a client that silently goes offline can hang around
for a long time, wasting resources. The socket-level KEEPALIVE has
been enabled to allow the OS to notice such failed connections.
* ew/daemon-socket-keepalive:
daemon: enable SO_KEEPALIVE for all sockets
"git fast-import" learned the same performance trick to avoid
creating too small a packfile as "git fetch" and "git push" have,
using *.unpackLimit configuration.
gpg-interface: check gpg signature creation status
When we create a signature, it may happen that gpg returns with
"success" but not with an actual detached signature on stdout.
Check for the correct signature creation status to catch these cases
better. Really, --status-fd parsing is the only way to check gpg status
reliably. We do the same for verify already.
Signed-off-by: Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Similar to the prior commit for verify_signed_buffer, the
motivation here is both to make the code simpler, and to
avoid any possible deadlocks with gpg.
In this case we have the same "write to stdin, then read
from stdout" that the verify case had. This is unlikely to
be a problem in practice, since stdout has the detached
signature, which it cannot compute until it has read all of
stdin (if it were a non-detached signature, that would be a
problem, though).
We don't read from stderr at all currently. However, we will
want to in a future patch, so this also prepares us there
(and in that case gpg _does_ write before reading all of the
input, though again, it is unlikely that a key uid will fill
up a pipe buffer).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This is shorter and should make the function easier to
follow. But more importantly, it removes the possibility of
any deadlocks based on reading or writing to gpg.
It's not clear if such a deadlock is possible in practice.
We do write the whole payload before reading anything, so we
could deadlock there. However, in practice gpg will need to
read our whole input to verify the signature, so it will
drain our payload first. It could write an error to stderr
before reading, but it's unlikely that such an error
wouldn't be followed by it immediately exiting, or that the
error would actually be larger than a pipe buffer.
On the writing side, we drain stderr (with the
human-readable output) in its entirety before reading stdout
(with the status-fd data). Running strace on "gpg --verify"
does show interleaved output on the two descriptors:
The second line written to stdout there contains the
signer's UID, which can be arbitrarily long. If it fills the
pipe buffer, then gpg would block writing to its stdout,
while we are blocked trying to read its stderr.
In practice, GPG seems to limit UIDs to 2048 bytes, so
unless your pipe buffer size is quite small, or unless gpg
does not enforce the limit under some conditions, this seems
unlikely in practice.
Still, it is not hard for us to be cautious and just use
pipe_command.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
We already have capture_command(), which captures the stdout
of a command in a way that avoids deadlocks. But sometimes
we need to do more I/O, like capturing stderr as well, or
sending data to stdin. It's easy to write code that
deadlocks racily in these situations depending on how fast
the command reads its input, or in which order it writes its
output.
Let's give callers an easy interface for doing this the
right way, similar to what capture_command() did for the
simple case.
The whole thing is backed by a generic poll() loop that can
feed an arbitrary number of buffers to descriptors, and fill
an arbitrary number of strbufs from other descriptors. This
seems like overkill, but the resulting code is actually a
bit cleaner than just handling the three descriptors
(because the output code for stdout/stderr is effectively
duplicated, so being able to loop is a benefit).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
We use git_mkstemp to create a temporary file, and try to
clean it up in all exit paths from the function. But that
misses any cases where we die by signal, or by calling die()
in a sub-function. In addition, we missed one of the exit
paths.
Let's convert to using a tempfile object, which handles the
hard cases for us, and add the missing cleanup call. Note
that we would not simply want to rely on program exit to
catch our missed cleanup, as this function may be called
many times in a single program (for the same reason, we use
a static tempfile instead of heap-allocating a new one; that
gives an upper bound on our memory usage).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
If our caller gave us a non-NULL gpg_status parameter, we
write the gpg status into their strbuf. If they didn't, then
we write it to a temporary local strbuf (since we still need
to look at it). The variable "pbuf" adds an extra layer of
indirection so that the rest of the function can just access
whichever is appropriate.
However, the name "pbuf" isn't very descriptive, and it's
easy to get confused about what is supposed to be in it
(especially because we are reading both "status" and
"output" from gpg).
Rather than give it a more descriptive name, we can just use
gpg_status as our indirection pointer. Either it points to
the caller's input, or we can point it directly to our
temporary buffer.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Our argv allocations are relatively straightforward, but
this avoids us having to manually keep the count up to date
(or create new to-be-replaced slots in the declaration) when
we add new arguments.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
We use different types of signature formats in different places.
Set up the infrastructure and overview to describe them systematically
in our technical documentation.
Signed-off-by: Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Commit 9f50d32 introduced a fix for FreeBSD /bin/sh misbehaviour
when dot-sourcing a file containing "return" statements outside of
any function, from a function in another shell script. That issue
affects FreeBSD 9.x, and is not present in the /bin/sh in FreeBSD
10.3 and later. Update the comment to clarify this.
The example from 9f50d32's commit message produces the expected output
on FreeBSD 10.3 and -CURRENT (the upcoming 11.0):
% sh script1.sh
only this line should show
%
Signed-off-by: Ed Maste <emaste@freebsd.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
bisect: always call setup_revisions after init_revisions
init_revisions() initializes the rev_info struct to default
values, and setup_revisions() parses any command-line
arguments and finalizes the struct.
In e22278c (bisect: display first bad commit without forking
a new process, 2009-05-28), a show_diff_tree() was added
that calls the former but not the latter. It doesn't have
any arguments to parse, but it still should do the
finalizing step.
This may have caused other minor bugs over the years, but it
became much more prominent after fe37a9c (pretty: allow
tweaking tabwidth in --expand-tabs, 2016-03-29). That leaves
the expected tab width as "-1", rather than the true default
of "8". When we see a commit with tabs to be expanded, we
end up trying to add (size_t)-1 spaces to a strbuf, which
complains about the integer overflow.
The fix is easy: just call setup_revisions() with no
arguments.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
pretty.c: support <direction>|(<negative number>) forms
%>|(num), %><|(num) and %<|(num), where num is a positive number, sets a
fixed column from the screen's left border. There is no way for us to
specifiy a column relative to the right border, which is useful when you
want to make use of all terminal space (on big screens). Use negative
num for that. Inspired by Go's array syntax (*).
(*) I know Python has this first (or before Go, at least) but the idea
didn't occur to me until I learned Go.
Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
this change will make all commit hashes align at 20th column from
the edge of the terminal, not from the edge of the graph.
Signed-off-by: Josef Kufner <josef@kufner.cz> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
upload-pack.c: make send_client_data() return void
The send_client_data() function uses write_or_die() for writing data
which immediately terminates the process on errors. If no such error
occurred, send_client_data() always returned the value that was passed
as third parameter prior to this commit. This value is already known to
the caller in any case, so let's turn send_client_data() into a void
function instead.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Fleischer <lfleischer@lfos.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The send_sideband() function uses write_or_die() for writing data which
immediately terminates the process on errors. If no such error occurred,
send_sideband() always returned the value that was passed as fourth
parameter prior to this commit. This value is already known to the
caller in any case, so let's turn send_sideband() into a void function
instead.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Fleischer <lfleischer@lfos.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
We use plumbing to generate the diff, so it doesn't
automatically pick up UI config like compactionHeuristic.
Let's forward it on, since interactive adding is porcelain.
Note that we only need to handle the "true" case. There's no
point in passing --no-compaction-heuristic when the variable
is false, since nothing else could have turned it on.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Reported-by: Joseph Pecoraro <pecoraro@apple.com> Signed-off-by: Alfred Perlstein <alfred@freebsd.org> Reviewed-by: Eric Wong <e@80x24.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
repack: extend --keep-unreachable to loose objects
If you use "repack -adk" currently, we will pack all objects
that are already packed into the new pack, and then drop the
old packs. However, loose unreachable objects will be left
as-is. In theory these are meant to expire eventually with
"git prune". But if you are using "repack -k", you probably
want to keep things forever and therefore do not run "git
prune" at all. Meaning those loose objects may build up over
time and end up fooling any object-count heuristics (such as
the one done by "gc --auto", though since git-gc does not
support "repack -k", this really applies to whatever custom
scripts people might have driving "repack -k").
With this patch, we instead stuff any loose unreachable
objects into the pack along with the already-packed
unreachable objects. This may seem wasteful, but it is
really no more so than using "repack -k" in the first place.
We are at a slight disadvantage, in that we have no useful
ordering for the result, or names to hand to the delta code.
However, this is again no worse than what "repack -k" is
already doing for the packed objects. The packing of these
objects doesn't matter much because they should not be
accessed frequently (unless they actually _do_ become
referenced, but then they would get moved to a different
part of the packfile during the next repack).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The usual way to do a full repack (and what is done by
git-gc) is to run "repack -Ad --unpack-unreachable=<when>",
which will loosen any unreachable objects newer than
"<when>", and drop any older ones.
This is a safer alternative to "repack -ad", because
"<when>" becomes a grace period during which we will not
drop any new objects that are about to be referenced.
However, it isn't perfectly safe. It's always possible that
a process is about to reference an old object. Even if that
process were to take care to update the timestamp on the
object, there is no atomicity with a simultaneously running
"repack" process.
So while unlikely, there is a small race wherein we may drop
an object that is in the process of being referenced. If you
do automated repacking on a large number of active
repositories, you may hit it eventually, and the result is a
corrupted repository.
It would be nice to fix that race in the long run, but it's
complicated. In the meantime, there is a much simpler
strategy for automated repository maintenance: do not drop
objects at all. We already have a "--keep-unreachable"
option in pack-objects; we just need to plumb it through
from git-repack.
Note that this _isn't_ plumbed through from git-gc, so at
this point it's strictly a tool for people doing their own
advanced repository maintenance strategy.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This was added back in 7e52f56 (gc: do not explode objects
which will be immediately pruned, 2012-04-07), but not
documented at the time, since it was an internal detail
between git-gc and git-repack. However, as people with
complicated setups may want to effectively reimplement the
steps of git-gc themselves, it is nice for us to document
these interfaces.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
These callers appear to expect that deref_tag() is to peel one layer
of a tag, but the function does not work that way; it has its own
loop to unwrap tags until an object that is not a tag appears.
strbuf: describe the return value of strbuf_read_file
Mentored-by: Lars Schneider <larsxschneider@gmail.com> Mentored-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Pranit Bauva <pranit.bauva@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
fetch: document that pruning happens before fetching
This was changed in 10a6cc8 (fetch --prune: Run prune before
fetching, 2014-01-02), but it seems that nobody in that
discussion realized we were advertising the "after"
explicitly.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Failure to bring up httpd for testing is not considered an error, so the
trash directory, which contains this error.log file, is removed and we
don't know what made httpd fail to start. Improve the situation a bit,
print error.log but only in verbose mode.
Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
There are two types of string_lists: those that own the
string memory, and those that don't. You can tell the
difference by the strdup_strings flag, and one should use
either STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP, or STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP as an
initializer.
Historically, the normal all-zeros initialization has
corresponded to the NODUP case. Many sites use no
initializer at all, and that works as a shorthand for that
case. But for a reader of the code, it can be hard to
remember which is which. Let's be more explicit and actually
have each site declare which type it means to use.
This is a fairly mechanical conversion; I assumed each site
was correct as-is, and just switched them all to NODUP.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
blame,shortlog: don't make local option variables static
There's no need for these option variables to be static,
except that they are referenced by the options array itself,
which is static. But having all of this static is simply
unnecessary and confusing (and inconsistent with most other
commands, which either use a static global option list or a
true function-local one).
Note that in some cases we may need to actually initialize
the variables (since we cannot rely on BSS to do so). This
is a net improvement to readability, though, as we can use
the more verbose initializers for our string_lists.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
parse_opt_string_list: stop allocating new strings
The parse_opt_string_list callback is basically a thin
wrapper to string_list_append() any string options we get.
However, it calls:
string_list_append(v, xstrdup(arg));
which duplicates the option value. This is wrong for two
reasons:
1. If the string list has strdup_strings set, then we are
making an extra copy, which is simply leaked.
2. If the string list does not have strdup_strings set,
then we pass memory ownership to the string list, but
it does not realize this. If we later call
string_list_clear(), which can happen if "--no-foo" is
passed, then we will leak all of the existing entries.
Instead, we should just pass the argument straight to
string_list_append, and it can decide whether to copy or not
based on its strdup_strings flag.
It's possible that some (buggy) caller could be relying on
this extra copy (e.g., because it parses some options from
an allocated argv array and then frees the array), but it's
not likely. For one, we generally only use parse_options on
the argv given to us in main(). And two, such a caller is
broken anyway, because other option types like OPT_STRING()
do not make such a copy. This patch brings us in line with
them.
Noticed-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>