From: Andrew Lorimer <andrew@lorimer.id.au>
Date: Sat, 27 Jul 2019 06:08:30 +0000 (+1000)
Subject: [chem] start organic analysis notes
X-Git-Tag: yr12~80
X-Git-Url: https://git.lorimer.id.au/notes.git/diff_plain/0df282f9ff48552d61ca1776db9762367d4fc0bf

[chem] start organic analysis notes
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+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
+\usepackage{multicol}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{tcolorbox}
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage{mhchem}
+
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+\fancyhead[LO,LE]{Organic Analysis}
+\fancyhead[CO,CE]{Andrew Lorimer}
+
+\setlength\parindent{0pt}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+  \title{Organic Analysis}
+  \author{Andrew Lorimer}
+  \date{}
+  \maketitle
+
+  \section{Mass Spectrometry}
+
+    \textbf{Separation of particles by mass}
+
+    Identifies molecules by searching for:
+    \begin{enumerate}
+      \item The molecular ion \ce{M+}
+      \item Fragments of the molecule (as ions)
+    \end{enumerate}
+
+    Complicated by noise from different isoptopes of elements (related to relative abundance of isotopes). Every molecule has a \textit{unique} mass spectrum which can be used to identify a substance.
+
+    \subsection*{Process}
+
+    \begin{enumerate}
+      \item Sample species are bombarded with electrons
+      \item Positive ions are formed by detaching electrons
+      \item Ions are accelerated by an electric field
+      \item Accelerated ions are deflected by a magnetic field in a circular radius
+    \end{enumerate}
+
+    \[ \text{deflection radius} \propto \dfrac{m}{z} \]
+
+    \begin{align*}
+      \therefore \qquad \uparrow \text{mass} & \implies \downarrow \text{deflection} \implies \uparrow \text{radius} \\
+      \uparrow \text{charge} & \implies \uparrow \text{deflection} \implies \downarrow \text{radius}
+    \end{align*}
+
+    \subsection*{Reading a mass spectrum}
+
+    \(x\) axis: mass-charge ratio \(\frac{m}{z}\) of fragments \\
+    \(y\) axis: relative abundance of fragments (molecular MS) or isotopes (isotopic MS) with that \(\frac{m}{z}\)
+    
+    \begin{itemize}
+      \item Most ions have a single +ve charge, \therefore \(\frac{m}{z} = m\)
+      \item Ions with double or triple +ve charges can show up in lower abundance as \(\frac{m}{2}\) or \(\frac{m}{3}\)
+      \item \textbf{Base peak}: most abundant ion, assigned 100
+      \item \textbf{Molecular ion}: molecule as singly charged ion \ce{M+}
+      \item \textbf{Molecular fragments}: can show functional groups and other characteristic combinations of elements
+    \end{itemize}
+
+    \subsubsection*{Combined techniques}
+
+  \section{IR Spectroscopy}
+
+  \section{Magnetic resonance imaging}
+
+
+\end{document}