From: Andrew Lorimer <andrew@lorimer.id.au>
Date: Sat, 15 Jun 2019 06:27:06 +0000 (+1000)
Subject: [chem] notes on organic reactions
X-Git-Tag: yr12~108^2
X-Git-Url: https://git.lorimer.id.au/notes.git/diff_plain/33e3710933c1a03a78669ad6765a5d958acf6f99?ds=sidebyside

[chem] notes on organic reactions
---

diff --git a/chem/organic-2.md b/chem/organic-2.md
index 40a4de8..c0fadf2 100644
--- a/chem/organic-2.md
+++ b/chem/organic-2.md
@@ -68,3 +68,41 @@ Alkynes: \ce{C_{$n$} H_{$2n-2$}}
   \chemfig{[:60]{\text{\color{blue}R$^\prime$}}-C(-[:120]{\text{\color{red}R}})=[0]C(-[:-60]{\text{\color{red}R}})-[:60]{\text{\color{blue}R$^\prime$}}}
 \end{tabularx}\end{center}
 
+## Reactions
+
+**Cracking** - split moluecules with heat/pressure/catalyst
+
+### Alkanes
+
+- Relatively inert
+- Non-polar solvent
+- Non-soluble in \ce{H2O}
+- Combusts in \ce{O2} (forms \ce{CO2 + H2O})
+- Reacts with halogens (**substitution** of \ce{H})
+
+### Alkenes
+
+- More reactive than alkanes
+- **Addition reactions**: \ce{C=C} bond is broken (energy released)
+- **Addition polymerisation**
+
+### Alcohols
+
+- Can be formed from haloalkane substitution reaction
+- **Oxidation** (combustion)
+- Oxidation state $\propto$ no. of atoms connected to \ce{C}
+- **Substitution** of functional group, e.g. \ce{ROH + NH3 -> RNH2 + H2O}
+- Primary alcohols oxidise to aldehydes then carboxylic acids
+- Secondary alcohols oxidise to ketones
+
+### Carboxylic acids
+
+- Weak acids
+- **Hydrolysis**: \ce{RCOOH + H2O <=> RCOO^{-} + H2O^{+}}
+- Rxn with amines - carboxylic acid + amine $\rightarrow$ ammonium salt $\rightarrow$ amide + water
+
+### Esterification
+
+- **Condensation reactions** (esterification): \ce{RCOOH + R^{$\prime$}OH -> RCOOR^{$\prime$} + H2O}
+- This is reversed by **hydrolysis**: ester + water $\rightarrow$ carboxylic acid + alcohol
+- Polyesters
diff --git a/chem/organic-2.pdf b/chem/organic-2.pdf
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