From: Andrew Lorimer <andrew@lorimer.id.au>
Date: Fri, 17 May 2019 01:05:16 +0000 (+1000)
Subject: [chem] introductory notes on organic chem
X-Git-Tag: yr12~132
X-Git-Url: https://git.lorimer.id.au/notes.git/diff_plain/f4d16d0fb307b763325bb40043d6ec6d09863a97?hp=a978febdd78ca197ca9572dfcb86e1cf7249fdc6

[chem] introductory notes on organic chem
---

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+---
+header-includes:
+- \usepackage{mhchem}
+- \usepackage{tabularx}
+---
+
+# Organic Chemistry
+
+Large number of compounds due to:
+- 4 valence pairs
+- single / double / triple bonds
+- cyclic (ring) structures
+
+## Properties of hydrocarbons
+
+- *Saturated* - all C-C bonds are single
+- Insoluble in water
+- Almost non-polar (similar electronegativities)
+- Only dispersion forces (valence e-)
+- Dispersion forces increase with length
+- Branched molecules have lower density
+
+## Linear (aliphatic)
+
+Alkanes: \ce{C_{$n$} H_{$2n+2$}}  
+Alkenes: \ce{C_{$n$} H_{$2n$}}  
+Alkynes: \ce{C_{$n$} H_{$2n-2$}}
+
+## Naming hydrocarbons
+
+- Branches end with _-yl_
+- Indicate number of branches with di-, tri- etc.
+- Longest unbranched carbon chain includes function group
+
+
+
+## Functional groups
+
+\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{rX}
+  Alcohols & \ce{-OH} \\
+  Aldehydes & \ce{-CHO} \\
+  Ketones & \ce{-CO-} \\
+  Carboxylic acids & \ce{-COOH} \\
+  Amines & \ce{-NH2} \\
+  Amides & \ce{-CONH2} \\
+\end{tabularx}
+
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