From 13b84dccdead2321faab02c022f7cba6fa44be10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Lorimer <andrew@lorimer.id.au>
Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2019 22:09:15 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 1/1] tidy up Z notes

---
 spec/complex.md | 19 +++++++------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec/complex.md b/spec/complex.md
index e7760be..54c8082 100755
--- a/spec/complex.md
+++ b/spec/complex.md
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Therefore..
 - $i^{4n+2} = -1$
 - $i^{4n+3} = -i$
 
-Divide by 4 and take remainder.
+For $i^n$, divide $n$ by 4 and let remainder $= r$. Then $i^n = i^r$.
 
 ### Multiplying complex expressions
 
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ Also, $z \overline{z} = (a+bi)(a-bi) = a^2+b^2 = |z|^2$
 - $z \overline{z} = |z|^2$
 - $z + \overline{z} = 2 \operatorname{Re}(z)$
 
-
 ### Modulus
 
 Distance from origin.
@@ -109,17 +108,11 @@ $z^2+a^2=z^2-(ai)^2=(z+ai)(z-ai)$
 
 ## Polar form
 
-General form:
-$z=r \operatorname{cis} \theta$
-$= r(\operatorname{cos}\theta+i \operatorname{sin}\theta)$
-
-$z=a+bi$  
-$z=r\operatorname{cis}\theta$  
+$$\begin{equation}\begin{split}z & =r \operatorname{cis} \theta \\ & = r(\operatorname{cos}\theta+i \operatorname{sin}\theta) \\ & = a + bi \end{split}\end{equation}$$
 
-
-- $z=a+bi$
-- $r$ is the distance from origin, given by Pythagoras ($r=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$)
-- $\theta$ is the argument of $z$, CCW from origin
+- $r=|z|$, given by Pythagoras ($r=\sqrt{\operatorname{Re}(z)^2 + \operatorname{Im}(z)^2}$)
+- $\theta=\operatorname{Arg}(z)$ (on CAS: `arg(a+bi)`)
+- **principal argument** is $\operatorname{Arg}(z) \in (-\pi, \pi]$
 
 Note each complex number has multiple polar representations:
 $z=r \operatorname{cis} \theta = r \operatorname{cis} (\theta+2 n\pi$) where $n$ is integer number of revolutions
@@ -128,6 +121,8 @@ $z=r \operatorname{cis} \theta = r \operatorname{cis} (\theta+2 n\pi$) where $n$
 
 $$(r \operatorname{cis} \theta)^{-1} = r\operatorname{cis} (- \theta)$$
 
+Reflection of $z$ across horizontal axis.
+
 ### Multiplication and division in polar form
 
 $z_1z_2=r_1r_2\operatorname{cis}(\theta_1+\theta_2)$ (multiply moduli, add angles)
-- 
2.43.2