From:   Linus Torvalds <torvalds () osdl ! org>
To:     git@vger.kernel.org
Date:   2005-11-08 1:31:34
Subject: Real-life kernel debugging scenario
Abstract: Short-n-sweet, Linus tells us how to leverage `git-bisect` to perform
        bug isolation on a repository where "good" and "bad" revisions are known
        in order to identify a suspect commit.


How To Use git-bisect To Isolate a Bogus Commit
===============================================

The way to use "git bisect" couldn't be easier.

Figure out what the oldest bad state you know about is (that's usually the 
head of "master", since that's what you just tried to boot and failed at). 
Also, figure out the most recent known-good commit (usually the _previous_ 
kernel you ran: and if you've only done a single "pull" in between, it 
will be ORIG_HEAD).

Then do

        git bisect start
        git bisect bad master           <- mark "master" as the bad state
        git bisect good ORIG_HEAD       <- mark ORIG_HEAD as good (or
                                           whatever other known-good 
                                           thing you booted last)

and at this point "git bisect" will churn for a while, and tell you what 
the mid-point between those two commits are, and check that state out as 
the head of the new "bisect" branch.

Compile and reboot.

If it's good, just do

        git bisect good         <- mark current head as good

otherwise, reboot into a good kernel instead, and do (surprise surprise, 
git really is very intuitive):

        git bisect bad          <- mark current head as bad

and whatever you do, git will select a new half-way point. Do this for a 
while, until git tells you exactly which commit was the first bad commit. 
That's your culprit.

It really works wonderfully well, except for the case where there was 
_another_ commit that broke something in between, like introduced some 
stupid compile error. In that case you should not mark that commit good or 
bad: you should try to find another commit close-by, and do a "git reset 
--hard <newcommit>" to try out _that_ commit instead, and then test that 
instead (and mark it good or bad).

You can do "git bisect visualize" while you do all this to see what's 
going on by starting up gitk on the bisection range.

Finally, once you've figured out exactly which commit was bad, you can 
then go back to the master branch, and try reverting just that commit:

        git checkout master
        git revert <bad-commit-id>

to verify that the top-of-kernel works with that single commit reverted.