INSTALLon commit Merge branch 'bc/hash-algo' (0fd90da)
   1
   2                Git installation
   3
   4Normally you can just do "make" followed by "make install", and that
   5will install the git programs in your own ~/bin/ directory.  If you want
   6to do a global install, you can do
   7
   8        $ make prefix=/usr all doc info ;# as yourself
   9        # make prefix=/usr install install-doc install-html install-info ;# as root
  10
  11(or prefix=/usr/local, of course).  Just like any program suite
  12that uses $prefix, the built results have some paths encoded,
  13which are derived from $prefix, so "make all; make prefix=/usr
  14install" would not work.
  15
  16The beginning of the Makefile documents many variables that affect the way
  17git is built.  You can override them either from the command line, or in a
  18config.mak file.
  19
  20Alternatively you can use autoconf generated ./configure script to
  21set up install paths (via config.mak.autogen), so you can write instead
  22
  23        $ make configure ;# as yourself
  24        $ ./configure --prefix=/usr ;# as yourself
  25        $ make all doc ;# as yourself
  26        # make install install-doc install-html;# as root
  27
  28If you're willing to trade off (much) longer build time for a later
  29faster git you can also do a profile feedback build with
  30
  31        $ make prefix=/usr profile
  32        # make prefix=/usr PROFILE=BUILD install
  33
  34This will run the complete test suite as training workload and then
  35rebuild git with the generated profile feedback. This results in a git
  36which is a few percent faster on CPU intensive workloads.  This
  37may be a good tradeoff for distribution packagers.
  38
  39Alternatively you can run profile feedback only with the git benchmark
  40suite. This runs significantly faster than the full test suite, but
  41has less coverage:
  42
  43        $ make prefix=/usr profile-fast
  44        # make prefix=/usr PROFILE=BUILD install
  45
  46Or if you just want to install a profile-optimized version of git into
  47your home directory, you could run:
  48
  49        $ make profile-install
  50
  51or
  52        $ make profile-fast-install
  53
  54As a caveat: a profile-optimized build takes a *lot* longer since the
  55git tree must be built twice, and in order for the profiling
  56measurements to work properly, ccache must be disabled and the test
  57suite has to be run using only a single CPU.  In addition, the profile
  58feedback build stage currently generates a lot of additional compiler
  59warnings.
  60
  61Issues of note:
  62
  63 - Ancient versions of GNU Interactive Tools (pre-4.9.2) installed a
  64   program "git", whose name conflicts with this program.  But with
  65   version 4.9.2, after long hiatus without active maintenance (since
  66   around 1997), it changed its name to gnuit and the name conflict is no
  67   longer a problem.
  68
  69   NOTE: When compiled with backward compatibility option, the GNU
  70   Interactive Tools package still can install "git", but you can build it
  71   with --disable-transition option to avoid this.
  72
  73 - You can use git after building but without installing if you want
  74   to test drive it.  Simply run git found in bin-wrappers directory
  75   in the build directory, or prepend that directory to your $PATH.
  76   This however is less efficient than running an installed git, as
  77   you always need an extra fork+exec to run any git subcommand.
  78
  79   It is still possible to use git without installing by setting a few
  80   environment variables, which was the way this was done
  81   traditionally.  But using git found in bin-wrappers directory in
  82   the build directory is far simpler.  As a historical reference, the
  83   old way went like this:
  84
  85        GIT_EXEC_PATH=`pwd`
  86        PATH=`pwd`:$PATH
  87        GITPERLLIB=`pwd`/perl/build/lib
  88        export GIT_EXEC_PATH PATH GITPERLLIB
  89
  90 - By default (unless NO_PERL is provided) Git will ship various perl
  91   scripts & libraries it needs. However, for simplicity it doesn't
  92   use the ExtUtils::MakeMaker toolchain to decide where to place the
  93   perl libraries. Depending on the system this can result in the perl
  94   libraries not being where you'd like them if they're expected to be
  95   used by things other than Git itself.
  96
  97   Manually supplying a perllibdir prefix should fix this, if this is
  98   a problem you care about, e.g.:
  99
 100       prefix=/usr perllibdir=/usr/$(/usr/bin/perl -MConfig -wle 'print substr $Config{installsitelib}, 1 + length $Config{siteprefixexp}')
 101
 102   Will result in e.g. perllibdir=/usr/share/perl/5.26.1 on Debian,
 103   perllibdir=/usr/share/perl5 (which we'd use by default) on CentOS.
 104
 105 - Git is reasonably self-sufficient, but does depend on a few external
 106   programs and libraries.  Git can be used without most of them by adding
 107   the approriate "NO_<LIBRARY>=YesPlease" to the make command line or
 108   config.mak file.
 109
 110        - "zlib", the compression library. Git won't build without it.
 111
 112        - "ssh" is used to push and pull over the net.
 113
 114        - A POSIX-compliant shell is required to run many scripts needed
 115          for everyday use (e.g. "bisect", "pull").
 116
 117        - "Perl" version 5.8 or later is needed to use some of the
 118          features (e.g. preparing a partial commit using "git add -i/-p",
 119          interacting with svn repositories with "git svn").  If you can
 120          live without these, use NO_PERL.  Note that recent releases of
 121          Redhat/Fedora are reported to ship Perl binary package with some
 122          core modules stripped away (see http://lwn.net/Articles/477234/),
 123          so you might need to install additional packages other than Perl
 124          itself, e.g. Time::HiRes.
 125
 126        - git-imap-send needs the OpenSSL library to talk IMAP over SSL if
 127          you are using libcurl older than 7.34.0.  Otherwise you can use
 128          NO_OPENSSL without losing git-imap-send.
 129
 130          By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use its own
 131          library (inspired by Mozilla's) with either NO_OPENSSL or
 132          BLK_SHA1.  Also included is a version optimized for PowerPC
 133          (PPC_SHA1).
 134
 135        - "libcurl" library is used by git-http-fetch, git-fetch, and, if
 136          the curl version >= 7.34.0, for git-imap-send.  You might also
 137          want the "curl" executable for debugging purposes. If you do not
 138          use http:// or https:// repositories, and do not want to put
 139          patches into an IMAP mailbox, you do not have to have them
 140          (use NO_CURL).
 141
 142        - "expat" library; git-http-push uses it for remote lock
 143          management over DAV.  Similar to "curl" above, this is optional
 144          (with NO_EXPAT).
 145
 146        - "wish", the Tcl/Tk windowing shell is used in gitk to show the
 147          history graphically, and in git-gui.  If you don't want gitk or
 148          git-gui, you can use NO_TCLTK.
 149
 150        - A gettext library is used by default for localizing Git. The
 151          primary target is GNU libintl, but the Solaris gettext
 152          implementation also works.
 153
 154          We need a gettext.h on the system for C code, gettext.sh (or
 155          Solaris gettext(1)) for shell scripts, and libintl-perl for Perl
 156          programs.
 157
 158          Set NO_GETTEXT to disable localization support and make Git only
 159          use English. Under autoconf the configure script will do this
 160          automatically if it can't find libintl on the system.
 161
 162        - Python version 2.4 or later (but not 3.x, which is not
 163          supported by Perforce) is needed to use the git-p4 interface
 164          to Perforce.
 165
 166 - Some platform specific issues are dealt with Makefile rules,
 167   but depending on your specific installation, you may not
 168   have all the libraries/tools needed, or you may have
 169   necessary libraries at unusual locations.  Please look at the
 170   top of the Makefile to see what can be adjusted for your needs.
 171   You can place local settings in config.mak and the Makefile
 172   will include them.  Note that config.mak is not distributed;
 173   the name is reserved for local settings.
 174
 175 - To build and install documentation suite, you need to have
 176   the asciidoc/xmlto toolchain.  Because not many people are
 177   inclined to install the tools, the default build target
 178   ("make all") does _not_ build them.
 179
 180   "make doc" builds documentation in man and html formats; there are
 181   also "make man", "make html" and "make info". Note that "make html"
 182   requires asciidoc, but not xmlto. "make man" (and thus make doc)
 183   requires both.
 184
 185   "make install-doc" installs documentation in man format only; there
 186   are also "make install-man", "make install-html" and "make
 187   install-info".
 188
 189   Building and installing the info file additionally requires
 190   makeinfo and docbook2X.  Version 0.8.3 is known to work.
 191
 192   Building and installing the pdf file additionally requires
 193   dblatex.  Version >= 0.2.7 is known to work.
 194
 195   All formats require at least asciidoc 8.4.1.
 196
 197   There are also "make quick-install-doc", "make quick-install-man"
 198   and "make quick-install-html" which install preformatted man pages
 199   and html documentation. To use these build targets, you need to
 200   clone two separate git-htmldocs and git-manpages repositories next
 201   to the clone of git itself.
 202
 203   It has been reported that docbook-xsl version 1.72 and 1.73 are
 204   buggy; 1.72 misformats manual pages for callouts, and 1.73 needs
 205   the patch in contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
 206
 207   Users attempting to build the documentation on Cygwin may need to ensure
 208   that the /etc/xml/catalog file looks something like this:
 209
 210   <?xml version="1.0"?>
 211   <!DOCTYPE catalog PUBLIC
 212      "-//OASIS//DTD Entity Resolution XML Catalog V1.0//EN"
 213      "http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/entity/release/1.0/catalog.dtd"
 214   >
 215   <catalog xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:entity:xmlns:xml:catalog">
 216     <rewriteURI
 217       uriStartString = "http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current"
 218       rewritePrefix = "/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets"
 219     />
 220     <rewriteURI
 221       uriStartString="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5"
 222       rewritePrefix="/usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.5"
 223     />
 224  </catalog>
 225
 226  This can be achieved with the following two xmlcatalog commands:
 227
 228  xmlcatalog --noout \
 229     --add rewriteURI \
 230        http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current \
 231        /usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets \
 232     /etc/xml/catalog
 233
 234  xmlcatalog --noout \
 235     --add rewriteURI \
 236         http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/xsl/current \
 237         /usr/share/sgml/docbook/xml-dtd-4.5 \
 238     /etc/xml/catalog