#include "cache.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "lockfile.h"
#include "sequencer.h"
#include "dir.h"
#include "object.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "run-command.h"
#include "exec_cmd.h"
#include "utf8.h"
#include "cache-tree.h"
#include "diff.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "rerere.h"
#include "merge-recursive.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "argv-array.h"
#include "quote.h"
#include "trailer.h"
#include "log-tree.h"
#include "wt-status.h"
#include "hashmap.h"
#include "unpack-trees.h"
#include "worktree.h"

#define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"

const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";

GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_seq_dir, "sequencer")

static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_todo_file, "sequencer/todo")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_opts_file, "sequencer/opts")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_head_file, "sequencer/head")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_abort_safety_file, "sequencer/abort-safety")

static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path, "rebase-merge")
/*
 * The file containing rebase commands, comments, and empty lines.
 * This file is created by "git rebase -i" then edited by the user. As
 * the lines are processed, they are removed from the front of this
 * file and written to the tail of 'done'.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_todo, "rebase-merge/git-rebase-todo")
/*
 * The rebase command lines that have already been processed. A line
 * is moved here when it is first handled, before any associated user
 * actions.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_done, "rebase-merge/done")
/*
 * The file to keep track of how many commands were already processed (e.g.
 * for the prompt).
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_msgnum, "rebase-merge/msgnum");
/*
 * The file to keep track of how many commands are to be processed in total
 * (e.g. for the prompt).
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_msgtotal, "rebase-merge/end");
/*
 * The commit message that is planned to be used for any changes that
 * need to be committed following a user interaction.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_message, "rebase-merge/message")
/*
 * The file into which is accumulated the suggested commit message for
 * squash/fixup commands. When the first of a series of squash/fixups
 * is seen, the file is created and the commit message from the
 * previous commit and from the first squash/fixup commit are written
 * to it. The commit message for each subsequent squash/fixup commit
 * is appended to the file as it is processed.
 *
 * The first line of the file is of the form
 *     # This is a combination of $count commits.
 * where $count is the number of commits whose messages have been
 * written to the file so far (including the initial "pick" commit).
 * Each time that a commit message is processed, this line is read and
 * updated. It is deleted just before the combined commit is made.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_squash_msg, "rebase-merge/message-squash")
/*
 * If the current series of squash/fixups has not yet included a squash
 * command, then this file exists and holds the commit message of the
 * original "pick" commit.  (If the series ends without a "squash"
 * command, then this can be used as the commit message of the combined
 * commit without opening the editor.)
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_fixup_msg, "rebase-merge/message-fixup")
/*
 * A script to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 * GIT_AUTHOR_DATE that will be used for the commit that is currently
 * being rebased.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_author_script, "rebase-merge/author-script")
/*
 * When an "edit" rebase command is being processed, the SHA1 of the
 * commit to be edited is recorded in this file.  When "git rebase
 * --continue" is executed, if there are any staged changes then they
 * will be amended to the HEAD commit, but only provided the HEAD
 * commit is still the commit to be edited.  When any other rebase
 * command is processed, this file is deleted.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_amend, "rebase-merge/amend")
/*
 * When we stop at a given patch via the "edit" command, this file contains
 * the abbreviated commit name of the corresponding patch.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_stopped_sha, "rebase-merge/stopped-sha")
/*
 * For the post-rewrite hook, we make a list of rewritten commits and
 * their new sha1s.  The rewritten-pending list keeps the sha1s of
 * commits that have been processed, but not committed yet,
 * e.g. because they are waiting for a 'squash' command.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_rewritten_list, "rebase-merge/rewritten-list")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_rewritten_pending,
        "rebase-merge/rewritten-pending")

/*
 * The path of the file listing refs that need to be deleted after the rebase
 * finishes. This is used by the `label` command to record the need for cleanup.
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_refs_to_delete, "rebase-merge/refs-to-delete")

/*
 * The following files are written by git-rebase just after parsing the
 * command-line (and are only consumed, not modified, by the sequencer).
 */
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_gpg_sign_opt, "rebase-merge/gpg_sign_opt")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_orig_head, "rebase-merge/orig-head")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_verbose, "rebase-merge/verbose")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_head_name, "rebase-merge/head-name")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_onto, "rebase-merge/onto")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_autostash, "rebase-merge/autostash")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_strategy, "rebase-merge/strategy")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_strategy_opts, "rebase-merge/strategy_opts")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(rebase_path_allow_rerere_autoupdate, "rebase-merge/allow_rerere_autoupdate")

static inline int is_rebase_i(const struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        return opts->action == REPLAY_INTERACTIVE_REBASE;
}

static const char *get_dir(const struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        if (is_rebase_i(opts))
                return rebase_path();
        return git_path_seq_dir();
}

static const char *get_todo_path(const struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        if (is_rebase_i(opts))
                return rebase_path_todo();
        return git_path_todo_file();
}

/*
 * Returns 0 for non-conforming footer
 * Returns 1 for conforming footer
 * Returns 2 when sob exists within conforming footer
 * Returns 3 when sob exists within conforming footer as last entry
 */
static int has_conforming_footer(struct strbuf *sb, struct strbuf *sob,
        int ignore_footer)
{
        struct trailer_info info;
        int i;
        int found_sob = 0, found_sob_last = 0;

        trailer_info_get(&info, sb->buf);

        if (info.trailer_start == info.trailer_end)
                return 0;

        for (i = 0; i < info.trailer_nr; i++)
                if (sob && !strncmp(info.trailers[i], sob->buf, sob->len)) {
                        found_sob = 1;
                        if (i == info.trailer_nr - 1)
                                found_sob_last = 1;
                }

        trailer_info_release(&info);

        if (found_sob_last)
                return 3;
        if (found_sob)
                return 2;
        return 1;
}

static const char *gpg_sign_opt_quoted(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

        strbuf_reset(&buf);
        if (opts->gpg_sign)
                sq_quotef(&buf, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
        return buf.buf;
}

int sequencer_remove_state(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int i;

        if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, rebase_path_refs_to_delete(), 0) > 0) {
                char *p = buf.buf;
                while (*p) {
                        char *eol = strchr(p, '\n');
                        if (eol)
                                *eol = '\0';
                        if (delete_ref("(rebase -i) cleanup", p, NULL, 0) < 0)
                                warning(_("could not delete '%s'"), p);
                        if (!eol)
                                break;
                        p = eol + 1;
                }
        }

        free(opts->gpg_sign);
        free(opts->strategy);
        for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
                free(opts->xopts[i]);
        free(opts->xopts);

        strbuf_reset(&buf);
        strbuf_addstr(&buf, get_dir(opts));
        remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0);
        strbuf_release(&buf);

        return 0;
}

static const char *action_name(const struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        switch (opts->action) {
        case REPLAY_REVERT:
                return N_("revert");
        case REPLAY_PICK:
                return N_("cherry-pick");
        case REPLAY_INTERACTIVE_REBASE:
                return N_("rebase -i");
        }
        die(_("Unknown action: %d"), opts->action);
}

struct commit_message {
        char *parent_label;
        char *label;
        char *subject;
        const char *message;
};

static const char *short_commit_name(struct commit *commit)
{
        return find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.oid.hash, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
}

static int get_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *out)
{
        const char *abbrev, *subject;
        int subject_len;

        out->message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, get_commit_output_encoding());
        abbrev = short_commit_name(commit);

        subject_len = find_commit_subject(out->message, &subject);

        out->subject = xmemdupz(subject, subject_len);
        out->label = xstrfmt("%s... %s", abbrev, out->subject);
        out->parent_label = xstrfmt("parent of %s", out->label);

        return 0;
}

static void free_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *msg)
{
        free(msg->parent_label);
        free(msg->label);
        free(msg->subject);
        unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg->message);
}

static void print_advice(int show_hint, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        char *msg = getenv("GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP");

        if (msg) {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
                /*
                 * A conflict has occurred but the porcelain
                 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
                 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
                 */
                unlink(git_path_cherry_pick_head());
                return;
        }

        if (show_hint) {
                if (opts->no_commit)
                        advise(_("after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
                                 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"));
                else
                        advise(_("after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
                                 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
                                 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"));
        }
}

static int write_message(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *filename,
                         int append_eol)
{
        static struct lock_file msg_file;

        int msg_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&msg_file, filename, 0);
        if (msg_fd < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not lock '%s'"), filename);
        if (write_in_full(msg_fd, buf, len) < 0) {
                error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), filename);
                rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
                return -1;
        }
        if (append_eol && write(msg_fd, "\n", 1) < 0) {
                error_errno(_("could not write eol to '%s'"), filename);
                rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
                return -1;
        }
        if (commit_lock_file(&msg_file) < 0) {
                rollback_lock_file(&msg_file);
                return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), filename);
        }

        return 0;
}

/*
 * Reads a file that was presumably written by a shell script, i.e. with an
 * end-of-line marker that needs to be stripped.
 *
 * Note that only the last end-of-line marker is stripped, consistent with the
 * behavior of "$(cat path)" in a shell script.
 *
 * Returns 1 if the file was read, 0 if it could not be read or does not exist.
 */
static int read_oneliner(struct strbuf *buf,
        const char *path, int skip_if_empty)
{
        int orig_len = buf->len;

        if (!file_exists(path))
                return 0;

        if (strbuf_read_file(buf, path, 0) < 0) {
                warning_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), path);
                return 0;
        }

        if (buf->len > orig_len && buf->buf[buf->len - 1] == '\n') {
                if (--buf->len > orig_len && buf->buf[buf->len - 1] == '\r')
                        --buf->len;
                buf->buf[buf->len] = '\0';
        }

        if (skip_if_empty && buf->len == orig_len)
                return 0;

        return 1;
}

static struct tree *empty_tree(void)
{
        return lookup_tree(the_hash_algo->empty_tree);
}

static int error_dirty_index(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        if (read_cache_unmerged())
                return error_resolve_conflict(_(action_name(opts)));

        error(_("your local changes would be overwritten by %s."),
                _(action_name(opts)));

        if (advice_commit_before_merge)
                advise(_("commit your changes or stash them to proceed."));
        return -1;
}

static void update_abort_safety_file(void)
{
        struct object_id head;

        /* Do nothing on a single-pick */
        if (!file_exists(git_path_seq_dir()))
                return;

        if (!get_oid("HEAD", &head))
                write_file(git_path_abort_safety_file(), "%s", oid_to_hex(&head));
        else
                write_file(git_path_abort_safety_file(), "%s", "");
}

static int fast_forward_to(const struct object_id *to, const struct object_id *from,
                        int unborn, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct ref_transaction *transaction;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;

        read_cache();
        if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to, 1))
                return -1; /* the callee should have complained already */

        strbuf_addf(&sb, _("%s: fast-forward"), _(action_name(opts)));

        transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
        if (!transaction ||
            ref_transaction_update(transaction, "HEAD",
                                   to, unborn ? &null_oid : from,
                                   0, sb.buf, &err) ||
            ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
                ref_transaction_free(transaction);
                error("%s", err.buf);
                strbuf_release(&sb);
                strbuf_release(&err);
                return -1;
        }

        strbuf_release(&sb);
        strbuf_release(&err);
        ref_transaction_free(transaction);
        update_abort_safety_file();
        return 0;
}

void append_conflicts_hint(struct strbuf *msgbuf)
{
        int i;

        strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\n');
        strbuf_commented_addf(msgbuf, "Conflicts:\n");
        for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
                const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
                if (ce_stage(ce)) {
                        strbuf_commented_addf(msgbuf, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
                        while (i < active_nr && !strcmp(ce->name,
                                                        active_cache[i]->name))
                                i++;
                }
        }
}

static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
                              const char *base_label, const char *next_label,
                              struct object_id *head, struct strbuf *msgbuf,
                              struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct merge_options o;
        struct tree *result, *next_tree, *base_tree, *head_tree;
        int clean;
        char **xopt;
        static struct lock_file index_lock;

        if (hold_locked_index(&index_lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0)
                return -1;

        read_cache();

        init_merge_options(&o);
        o.ancestor = base ? base_label : "(empty tree)";
        o.branch1 = "HEAD";
        o.branch2 = next ? next_label : "(empty tree)";
        if (is_rebase_i(opts))
                o.buffer_output = 2;
        o.show_rename_progress = 1;

        head_tree = parse_tree_indirect(head);
        next_tree = next ? next->tree : empty_tree();
        base_tree = base ? base->tree : empty_tree();

        for (xopt = opts->xopts; xopt != opts->xopts + opts->xopts_nr; xopt++)
                parse_merge_opt(&o, *xopt);

        clean = merge_trees(&o,
                            head_tree,
                            next_tree, base_tree, &result);
        if (is_rebase_i(opts) && clean <= 0)
                fputs(o.obuf.buf, stdout);
        strbuf_release(&o.obuf);
        diff_warn_rename_limit("merge.renamelimit", o.needed_rename_limit, 0);
        if (clean < 0)
                return clean;

        if (active_cache_changed &&
            write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
                /*
                 * TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert", "cherry-pick" or
                 * "rebase -i".
                 */
                return error(_("%s: Unable to write new index file"),
                        _(action_name(opts)));
        rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);

        if (opts->signoff)
                append_signoff(msgbuf, 0, 0);

        if (!clean)
                append_conflicts_hint(msgbuf);

        return !clean;
}

static int is_index_unchanged(void)
{
        struct object_id head_oid;
        struct commit *head_commit;

        if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, &head_oid, NULL))
                return error(_("could not resolve HEAD commit"));

        head_commit = lookup_commit(&head_oid);

        /*
         * If head_commit is NULL, check_commit, called from
         * lookup_commit, would have indicated that head_commit is not
         * a commit object already.  parse_commit() will return failure
         * without further complaints in such a case.  Otherwise, if
         * the commit is invalid, parse_commit() will complain.  So
         * there is nothing for us to say here.  Just return failure.
         */
        if (parse_commit(head_commit))
                return -1;

        if (!active_cache_tree)
                active_cache_tree = cache_tree();

        if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
                if (cache_tree_update(&the_index, 0))
                        return error(_("unable to update cache tree"));

        return !oidcmp(&active_cache_tree->oid,
                       &head_commit->tree->object.oid);
}

static int write_author_script(const char *message)
{
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *eol;
        int res;

        for (;;)
                if (!*message || starts_with(message, "\n")) {
missing_author:
                        /* Missing 'author' line? */
                        unlink(rebase_path_author_script());
                        return 0;
                } else if (skip_prefix(message, "author ", &message))
                        break;
                else if ((eol = strchr(message, '\n')))
                        message = eol + 1;
                else
                        goto missing_author;

        strbuf_addstr(&buf, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='");
        while (*message && *message != '\n' && *message != '\r')
                if (skip_prefix(message, " <", &message))
                        break;
                else if (*message != '\'')
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, *(message++));
                else
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, "'\\\\%c'", *(message++));
        strbuf_addstr(&buf, "'\nGIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='");
        while (*message && *message != '\n' && *message != '\r')
                if (skip_prefix(message, "> ", &message))
                        break;
                else if (*message != '\'')
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, *(message++));
                else
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, "'\\\\%c'", *(message++));
        strbuf_addstr(&buf, "'\nGIT_AUTHOR_DATE='@");
        while (*message && *message != '\n' && *message != '\r')
                if (*message != '\'')
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, *(message++));
                else
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, "'\\\\%c'", *(message++));
        res = write_message(buf.buf, buf.len, rebase_path_author_script(), 1);
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return res;
}

/*
 * Read a list of environment variable assignments (such as the author-script
 * file) into an environment block. Returns -1 on error, 0 otherwise.
 */
static int read_env_script(struct argv_array *env)
{
        struct strbuf script = STRBUF_INIT;
        int i, count = 0;
        char *p, *p2;

        if (strbuf_read_file(&script, rebase_path_author_script(), 256) <= 0)
                return -1;

        for (p = script.buf; *p; p++)
                if (skip_prefix(p, "'\\\\''", (const char **)&p2))
                        strbuf_splice(&script, p - script.buf, p2 - p, "'", 1);
                else if (*p == '\'')
                        strbuf_splice(&script, p-- - script.buf, 1, "", 0);
                else if (*p == '\n') {
                        *p = '\0';
                        count++;
                }

        for (i = 0, p = script.buf; i < count; i++) {
                argv_array_push(env, p);
                p += strlen(p) + 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static const char staged_changes_advice[] =
N_("you have staged changes in your working tree\n"
"If these changes are meant to be squashed into the previous commit, run:\n"
"\n"
"  git commit --amend %s\n"
"\n"
"If they are meant to go into a new commit, run:\n"
"\n"
"  git commit %s\n"
"\n"
"In both cases, once you're done, continue with:\n"
"\n"
"  git rebase --continue\n");

#define ALLOW_EMPTY (1<<0)
#define EDIT_MSG    (1<<1)
#define AMEND_MSG   (1<<2)
#define CLEANUP_MSG (1<<3)
#define VERIFY_MSG  (1<<4)

/*
 * If we are cherry-pick, and if the merge did not result in
 * hand-editing, we will hit this commit and inherit the original
 * author date and name.
 *
 * If we are revert, or if our cherry-pick results in a hand merge,
 * we had better say that the current user is responsible for that.
 *
 * An exception is when run_git_commit() is called during an
 * interactive rebase: in that case, we will want to retain the
 * author metadata.
 */
static int run_git_commit(const char *defmsg, struct replay_opts *opts,
                          unsigned int flags)
{
        struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
        const char *value;

        cmd.git_cmd = 1;

        if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                if (!(flags & EDIT_MSG)) {
                        cmd.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
                        cmd.err = -1;
                }

                if (read_env_script(&cmd.env_array)) {
                        const char *gpg_opt = gpg_sign_opt_quoted(opts);

                        return error(_(staged_changes_advice),
                                     gpg_opt, gpg_opt);
                }
        }

        argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "commit");

        if (!(flags & VERIFY_MSG))
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-n");
        if ((flags & AMEND_MSG))
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--amend");
        if (opts->gpg_sign)
                argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
        if (opts->signoff)
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-s");
        if (defmsg)
                argv_array_pushl(&cmd.args, "-F", defmsg, NULL);
        if ((flags & CLEANUP_MSG))
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--cleanup=strip");
        if ((flags & EDIT_MSG))
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-e");
        else if (!(flags & CLEANUP_MSG) &&
                 !opts->signoff && !opts->record_origin &&
                 git_config_get_value("commit.cleanup", &value))
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--cleanup=verbatim");

        if ((flags & ALLOW_EMPTY))
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--allow-empty");

        if (opts->allow_empty_message)
                argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--allow-empty-message");

        if (cmd.err == -1) {
                /* hide stderr on success */
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
                int rc = pipe_command(&cmd,
                                      NULL, 0,
                                      /* stdout is already redirected */
                                      NULL, 0,
                                      &buf, 0);
                if (rc)
                        fputs(buf.buf, stderr);
                strbuf_release(&buf);
                return rc;
        }

        return run_command(&cmd);
}

static int is_original_commit_empty(struct commit *commit)
{
        const struct object_id *ptree_oid;

        if (parse_commit(commit))
                return error(_("could not parse commit %s"),
                             oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
        if (commit->parents) {
                struct commit *parent = commit->parents->item;
                if (parse_commit(parent))
                        return error(_("could not parse parent commit %s"),
                                oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
                ptree_oid = &parent->tree->object.oid;
        } else {
                ptree_oid = the_hash_algo->empty_tree; /* commit is root */
        }

        return !oidcmp(ptree_oid, &commit->tree->object.oid);
}

/*
 * Do we run "git commit" with "--allow-empty"?
 */
static int allow_empty(struct replay_opts *opts, struct commit *commit)
{
        int index_unchanged, empty_commit;

        /*
         * Three cases:
         *
         * (1) we do not allow empty at all and error out.
         *
         * (2) we allow ones that were initially empty, but
         * forbid the ones that become empty;
         *
         * (3) we allow both.
         */
        if (!opts->allow_empty)
                return 0; /* let "git commit" barf as necessary */

        index_unchanged = is_index_unchanged();
        if (index_unchanged < 0)
                return index_unchanged;
        if (!index_unchanged)
                return 0; /* we do not have to say --allow-empty */

        if (opts->keep_redundant_commits)
                return 1;

        empty_commit = is_original_commit_empty(commit);
        if (empty_commit < 0)
                return empty_commit;
        if (!empty_commit)
                return 0;
        else
                return 1;
}

/*
 * Note that ordering matters in this enum. Not only must it match the mapping
 * below, it is also divided into several sections that matter.  When adding
 * new commands, make sure you add it in the right section.
 */
enum todo_command {
        /* commands that handle commits */
        TODO_PICK = 0,
        TODO_REVERT,
        TODO_EDIT,
        TODO_REWORD,
        TODO_FIXUP,
        TODO_SQUASH,
        /* commands that do something else than handling a single commit */
        TODO_EXEC,
        TODO_LABEL,
        TODO_RESET,
        TODO_MERGE,
        TODO_MERGE_AND_EDIT,
        /* commands that do nothing but are counted for reporting progress */
        TODO_NOOP,
        TODO_DROP,
        /* comments (not counted for reporting progress) */
        TODO_COMMENT
};

static struct {
        char c;
        const char *str;
} todo_command_info[] = {
        { 'p', "pick" },
        { 0,   "revert" },
        { 'e', "edit" },
        { 'r', "reword" },
        { 'f', "fixup" },
        { 's', "squash" },
        { 'x', "exec" },
        { 'l', "label" },
        { 't', "reset" },
        { 'm', "merge" },
        { 0, "merge" }, /* MERGE_AND_EDIT */
        { 0,   "noop" },
        { 'd', "drop" },
        { 0,   NULL }
};

static const char *command_to_string(const enum todo_command command)
{
        if (command < TODO_COMMENT)
                return todo_command_info[command].str;
        die("Unknown command: %d", command);
}

static char command_to_char(const enum todo_command command)
{
        if (command < TODO_COMMENT && todo_command_info[command].c)
                return todo_command_info[command].c;
        return comment_line_char;
}

static int is_noop(const enum todo_command command)
{
        return TODO_NOOP <= command;
}

static int is_fixup(enum todo_command command)
{
        return command == TODO_FIXUP || command == TODO_SQUASH;
}

static int update_squash_messages(enum todo_command command,
                struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int count, res;
        const char *message, *body;

        if (file_exists(rebase_path_squash_msg())) {
                struct strbuf header = STRBUF_INIT;
                char *eol, *p;

                if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, rebase_path_squash_msg(), 2048) <= 0)
                        return error(_("could not read '%s'"),
                                rebase_path_squash_msg());

                p = buf.buf + 1;
                eol = strchrnul(buf.buf, '\n');
                if (buf.buf[0] != comment_line_char ||
                    (p += strcspn(p, "0123456789\n")) == eol)
                        return error(_("unexpected 1st line of squash message:"
                                       "\n\n\t%.*s"),
                                     (int)(eol - buf.buf), buf.buf);
                count = strtol(p, NULL, 10);

                if (count < 1)
                        return error(_("invalid 1st line of squash message:\n"
                                       "\n\t%.*s"),
                                     (int)(eol - buf.buf), buf.buf);

                strbuf_addf(&header, "%c ", comment_line_char);
                strbuf_addf(&header,
                            _("This is a combination of %d commits."), ++count);
                strbuf_splice(&buf, 0, eol - buf.buf, header.buf, header.len);
                strbuf_release(&header);
        } else {
                struct object_id head;
                struct commit *head_commit;
                const char *head_message, *body;

                if (get_oid("HEAD", &head))
                        return error(_("need a HEAD to fixup"));
                if (!(head_commit = lookup_commit_reference(&head)))
                        return error(_("could not read HEAD"));
                if (!(head_message = get_commit_buffer(head_commit, NULL)))
                        return error(_("could not read HEAD's commit message"));

                find_commit_subject(head_message, &body);
                if (write_message(body, strlen(body),
                                  rebase_path_fixup_msg(), 0)) {
                        unuse_commit_buffer(head_commit, head_message);
                        return error(_("cannot write '%s'"),
                                     rebase_path_fixup_msg());
                }

                count = 2;
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "%c ", comment_line_char);
                strbuf_addf(&buf, _("This is a combination of %d commits."),
                            count);
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "\n%c ", comment_line_char);
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, _("This is the 1st commit message:"));
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, "\n\n");
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, body);

                unuse_commit_buffer(head_commit, head_message);
        }

        if (!(message = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL)))
                return error(_("could not read commit message of %s"),
                             oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
        find_commit_subject(message, &body);

        if (command == TODO_SQUASH) {
                unlink(rebase_path_fixup_msg());
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "\n%c ", comment_line_char);
                strbuf_addf(&buf, _("This is the commit message #%d:"), count);
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, "\n\n");
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, body);
        } else if (command == TODO_FIXUP) {
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "\n%c ", comment_line_char);
                strbuf_addf(&buf, _("The commit message #%d will be skipped:"),
                            count);
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, "\n\n");
                strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, body, strlen(body));
        } else
                return error(_("unknown command: %d"), command);
        unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);

        res = write_message(buf.buf, buf.len, rebase_path_squash_msg(), 0);
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return res;
}

static void flush_rewritten_pending(void) {
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct object_id newoid;
        FILE *out;

        if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, rebase_path_rewritten_pending(), (GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1) * 2) > 0 &&
            !get_oid("HEAD", &newoid) &&
            (out = fopen_or_warn(rebase_path_rewritten_list(), "a"))) {
                char *bol = buf.buf, *eol;

                while (*bol) {
                        eol = strchrnul(bol, '\n');
                        fprintf(out, "%.*s %s\n", (int)(eol - bol),
                                        bol, oid_to_hex(&newoid));
                        if (!*eol)
                                break;
                        bol = eol + 1;
                }
                fclose(out);
                unlink(rebase_path_rewritten_pending());
        }
        strbuf_release(&buf);
}

static void record_in_rewritten(struct object_id *oid,
                enum todo_command next_command) {
        FILE *out = fopen_or_warn(rebase_path_rewritten_pending(), "a");

        if (!out)
                return;

        fprintf(out, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
        fclose(out);

        if (!is_fixup(next_command))
                flush_rewritten_pending();
}

static int do_pick_commit(enum todo_command command, struct commit *commit,
                struct replay_opts *opts, int final_fixup)
{
        unsigned int flags = opts->edit ? EDIT_MSG : 0;
        const char *msg_file = opts->edit ? NULL : git_path_merge_msg();
        struct object_id head;
        struct commit *base, *next, *parent;
        const char *base_label, *next_label;
        struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
        struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int res, unborn = 0, allow;

        if (opts->no_commit) {
                /*
                 * We do not intend to commit immediately.  We just want to
                 * merge the differences in, so let's compute the tree
                 * that represents the "current" state for merge-recursive
                 * to work on.
                 */
                if (write_cache_as_tree(head.hash, 0, NULL))
                        return error(_("your index file is unmerged."));
        } else {
                unborn = get_oid("HEAD", &head);
                if (unborn)
                        oidcpy(&head, the_hash_algo->empty_tree);
                if (index_differs_from(unborn ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : "HEAD",
                                       NULL, 0))
                        return error_dirty_index(opts);
        }
        discard_cache();

        if (!commit->parents)
                parent = NULL;
        else if (commit->parents->next) {
                /* Reverting or cherry-picking a merge commit */
                int cnt;
                struct commit_list *p;

                if (!opts->mainline)
                        return error(_("commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."),
                                oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));

                for (cnt = 1, p = commit->parents;
                     cnt != opts->mainline && p;
                     cnt++)
                        p = p->next;
                if (cnt != opts->mainline || !p)
                        return error(_("commit %s does not have parent %d"),
                                oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid), opts->mainline);
                parent = p->item;
        } else if (0 < opts->mainline)
                return error(_("mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."),
                        oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
        else
                parent = commit->parents->item;

        if (get_message(commit, &msg) != 0)
                return error(_("cannot get commit message for %s"),
                        oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));

        if (opts->allow_ff && !is_fixup(command) &&
            ((parent && !oidcmp(&parent->object.oid, &head)) ||
             (!parent && unborn))) {
                if (is_rebase_i(opts))
                        write_author_script(msg.message);
                res = fast_forward_to(&commit->object.oid, &head, unborn,
                        opts);
                if (res || command != TODO_REWORD)
                        goto leave;
                flags |= EDIT_MSG | AMEND_MSG | VERIFY_MSG;
                msg_file = NULL;
                goto fast_forward_edit;
        }
        if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
                /* TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be a "todo" command like
                   "revert" or "pick", the second %s a SHA1. */
                return error(_("%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"),
                        command_to_string(command),
                        oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));

        /*
         * "commit" is an existing commit.  We would want to apply
         * the difference it introduces since its first parent "prev"
         * on top of the current HEAD if we are cherry-pick.  Or the
         * reverse of it if we are revert.
         */

        if (command == TODO_REVERT) {
                base = commit;
                base_label = msg.label;
                next = parent;
                next_label = msg.parent_label;
                strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "Revert \"");
                strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, msg.subject);
                strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "\"\n\nThis reverts commit ");
                strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));

                if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
                        strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ", reversing\nchanges made to ");
                        strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&parent->object.oid));
                }
                strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ".\n");
        } else {
                const char *p;

                base = parent;
                base_label = msg.parent_label;
                next = commit;
                next_label = msg.label;

                /* Append the commit log message to msgbuf. */
                if (find_commit_subject(msg.message, &p))
                        strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, p);

                if (opts->record_origin) {
                        strbuf_complete_line(&msgbuf);
                        if (!has_conforming_footer(&msgbuf, NULL, 0))
                                strbuf_addch(&msgbuf, '\n');
                        strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, cherry_picked_prefix);
                        strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
                        strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
                }
        }

        if (command == TODO_REWORD)
                flags |= EDIT_MSG | VERIFY_MSG;
        else if (is_fixup(command)) {
                if (update_squash_messages(command, commit, opts))
                        return -1;
                flags |= AMEND_MSG;
                if (!final_fixup)
                        msg_file = rebase_path_squash_msg();
                else if (file_exists(rebase_path_fixup_msg())) {
                        flags |= CLEANUP_MSG;
                        msg_file = rebase_path_fixup_msg();
                } else {
                        const char *dest = git_path_squash_msg();
                        unlink(dest);
                        if (copy_file(dest, rebase_path_squash_msg(), 0666))
                                return error(_("could not rename '%s' to '%s'"),
                                             rebase_path_squash_msg(), dest);
                        unlink(git_path_merge_msg());
                        msg_file = dest;
                        flags |= EDIT_MSG;
                }
        }

        if (is_rebase_i(opts) && write_author_script(msg.message) < 0)
                res = -1;
        else if (!opts->strategy || !strcmp(opts->strategy, "recursive") || command == TODO_REVERT) {
                res = do_recursive_merge(base, next, base_label, next_label,
                                         &head, &msgbuf, opts);
                if (res < 0)
                        return res;
                res |= write_message(msgbuf.buf, msgbuf.len,
                                     git_path_merge_msg(), 0);
        } else {
                struct commit_list *common = NULL;
                struct commit_list *remotes = NULL;

                res = write_message(msgbuf.buf, msgbuf.len,
                                    git_path_merge_msg(), 0);

                commit_list_insert(base, &common);
                commit_list_insert(next, &remotes);
                res |= try_merge_command(opts->strategy,
                                         opts->xopts_nr, (const char **)opts->xopts,
                                        common, oid_to_hex(&head), remotes);
                free_commit_list(common);
                free_commit_list(remotes);
        }
        strbuf_release(&msgbuf);

        /*
         * If the merge was clean or if it failed due to conflict, we write
         * CHERRY_PICK_HEAD for the subsequent invocation of commit to use.
         * However, if the merge did not even start, then we don't want to
         * write it at all.
         */
        if (command == TODO_PICK && !opts->no_commit && (res == 0 || res == 1) &&
            update_ref(NULL, "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", &commit->object.oid, NULL,
                       REF_NO_DEREF, UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR))
                res = -1;
        if (command == TODO_REVERT && ((opts->no_commit && res == 0) || res == 1) &&
            update_ref(NULL, "REVERT_HEAD", &commit->object.oid, NULL,
                       REF_NO_DEREF, UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR))
                res = -1;

        if (res) {
                error(command == TODO_REVERT
                      ? _("could not revert %s... %s")
                      : _("could not apply %s... %s"),
                      short_commit_name(commit), msg.subject);
                print_advice(res == 1, opts);
                rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
                goto leave;
        }

        allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
        if (allow < 0) {
                res = allow;
                goto leave;
        } else if (allow)
                flags |= ALLOW_EMPTY;
        if (!opts->no_commit)
fast_forward_edit:
                res = run_git_commit(msg_file, opts, flags);

        if (!res && final_fixup) {
                unlink(rebase_path_fixup_msg());
                unlink(rebase_path_squash_msg());
        }

leave:
        free_message(commit, &msg);
        update_abort_safety_file();

        return res;
}

static int prepare_revs(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        /*
         * picking (but not reverting) ranges (but not individual revisions)
         * should be done in reverse
         */
        if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK && !opts->revs->no_walk)
                opts->revs->reverse ^= 1;

        if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
                return error(_("revision walk setup failed"));

        if (!opts->revs->commits)
                return error(_("empty commit set passed"));
        return 0;
}

static int read_and_refresh_cache(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        static struct lock_file index_lock;
        int index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
        if (read_index_preload(&the_index, NULL) < 0) {
                rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
                return error(_("git %s: failed to read the index"),
                        _(action_name(opts)));
        }
        refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (the_index.cache_changed && index_fd >= 0) {
                if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK)) {
                        return error(_("git %s: failed to refresh the index"),
                                _(action_name(opts)));
                }
        }
        rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
        return 0;
}

struct todo_item {
        enum todo_command command;
        struct commit *commit;
        const char *arg;
        int arg_len;
        size_t offset_in_buf;
};

struct todo_list {
        struct strbuf buf;
        struct todo_item *items;
        int nr, alloc, current;
        int done_nr, total_nr;
        struct stat_data stat;
};

#define TODO_LIST_INIT { STRBUF_INIT }

static void todo_list_release(struct todo_list *todo_list)
{
        strbuf_release(&todo_list->buf);
        FREE_AND_NULL(todo_list->items);
        todo_list->nr = todo_list->alloc = 0;
}

static struct todo_item *append_new_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list)
{
        ALLOC_GROW(todo_list->items, todo_list->nr + 1, todo_list->alloc);
        return todo_list->items + todo_list->nr++;
}

static int parse_insn_line(struct todo_item *item, const char *bol, char *eol)
{
        struct object_id commit_oid;
        char *end_of_object_name;
        int i, saved, status, padding;

        /* left-trim */
        bol += strspn(bol, " \t");

        if (bol == eol || *bol == '\r' || *bol == comment_line_char) {
                item->command = TODO_COMMENT;
                item->commit = NULL;
                item->arg = bol;
                item->arg_len = eol - bol;
                return 0;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < TODO_COMMENT; i++)
                if (skip_prefix(bol, todo_command_info[i].str, &bol)) {
                        item->command = i;
                        break;
                } else if (bol[1] == ' ' && *bol == todo_command_info[i].c) {
                        bol++;
                        item->command = i;
                        break;
                }
        if (i >= TODO_COMMENT)
                return -1;

        /* Eat up extra spaces/ tabs before object name */
        padding = strspn(bol, " \t");
        bol += padding;

        if (item->command == TODO_NOOP) {
                if (bol != eol)
                        return error(_("%s does not accept arguments: '%s'"),
                                     command_to_string(item->command), bol);
                item->commit = NULL;
                item->arg = bol;
                item->arg_len = eol - bol;
                return 0;
        }

        if (!padding)
                return error(_("missing arguments for %s"),
                             command_to_string(item->command));

        if (item->command == TODO_EXEC || item->command == TODO_LABEL ||
            item->command == TODO_RESET) {
                item->commit = NULL;
                item->arg = bol;
                item->arg_len = (int)(eol - bol);
                return 0;
        }

        if (item->command == TODO_MERGE) {
                if (skip_prefix(bol, "-C", &bol))
                        bol += strspn(bol, " \t");
                else if (skip_prefix(bol, "-c", &bol)) {
                        bol += strspn(bol, " \t");
                        item->command = TODO_MERGE_AND_EDIT;
                } else {
                        item->command = TODO_MERGE_AND_EDIT;
                        item->commit = NULL;
                        item->arg = bol;
                        item->arg_len = (int)(eol - bol);
                        return 0;
                }
        }

        end_of_object_name = (char *) bol + strcspn(bol, " \t\n");
        saved = *end_of_object_name;
        *end_of_object_name = '\0';
        status = get_oid(bol, &commit_oid);
        *end_of_object_name = saved;

        item->arg = end_of_object_name + strspn(end_of_object_name, " \t");
        item->arg_len = (int)(eol - item->arg);

        if (status < 0)
                return -1;

        item->commit = lookup_commit_reference(&commit_oid);
        return !item->commit;
}

static int parse_insn_buffer(char *buf, struct todo_list *todo_list)
{
        struct todo_item *item;
        char *p = buf, *next_p;
        int i, res = 0, fixup_okay = file_exists(rebase_path_done());

        for (i = 1; *p; i++, p = next_p) {
                char *eol = strchrnul(p, '\n');

                next_p = *eol ? eol + 1 /* skip LF */ : eol;

                if (p != eol && eol[-1] == '\r')
                        eol--; /* strip Carriage Return */

                item = append_new_todo(todo_list);
                item->offset_in_buf = p - todo_list->buf.buf;
                if (parse_insn_line(item, p, eol)) {
                        res = error(_("invalid line %d: %.*s"),
                                i, (int)(eol - p), p);
                        item->command = TODO_NOOP;
                }

                if (fixup_okay)
                        ; /* do nothing */
                else if (is_fixup(item->command))
                        return error(_("cannot '%s' without a previous commit"),
                                command_to_string(item->command));
                else if (!is_noop(item->command))
                        fixup_okay = 1;
        }

        return res;
}

static int count_commands(struct todo_list *todo_list)
{
        int count = 0, i;

        for (i = 0; i < todo_list->nr; i++)
                if (todo_list->items[i].command != TODO_COMMENT)
                        count++;

        return count;
}

static int read_populate_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list,
                        struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct stat st;
        const char *todo_file = get_todo_path(opts);
        int fd, res;

        strbuf_reset(&todo_list->buf);
        fd = open(todo_file, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file);
        if (strbuf_read(&todo_list->buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
                close(fd);
                return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);
        }
        close(fd);

        res = stat(todo_file, &st);
        if (res)
                return error(_("could not stat '%s'"), todo_file);
        fill_stat_data(&todo_list->stat, &st);

        res = parse_insn_buffer(todo_list->buf.buf, todo_list);
        if (res) {
                if (is_rebase_i(opts))
                        return error(_("please fix this using "
                                       "'git rebase --edit-todo'."));
                return error(_("unusable instruction sheet: '%s'"), todo_file);
        }

        if (!todo_list->nr &&
            (!is_rebase_i(opts) || !file_exists(rebase_path_done())))
                return error(_("no commits parsed."));

        if (!is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                enum todo_command valid =
                        opts->action == REPLAY_PICK ? TODO_PICK : TODO_REVERT;
                int i;

                for (i = 0; i < todo_list->nr; i++)
                        if (valid == todo_list->items[i].command)
                                continue;
                        else if (valid == TODO_PICK)
                                return error(_("cannot cherry-pick during a revert."));
                        else
                                return error(_("cannot revert during a cherry-pick."));
        }

        if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                struct todo_list done = TODO_LIST_INIT;
                FILE *f = fopen_or_warn(rebase_path_msgtotal(), "w");

                if (strbuf_read_file(&done.buf, rebase_path_done(), 0) > 0 &&
                                !parse_insn_buffer(done.buf.buf, &done))
                        todo_list->done_nr = count_commands(&done);
                else
                        todo_list->done_nr = 0;

                todo_list->total_nr = todo_list->done_nr
                        + count_commands(todo_list);
                todo_list_release(&done);

                if (f) {
                        fprintf(f, "%d\n", todo_list->total_nr);
                        fclose(f);
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

static int git_config_string_dup(char **dest,
                                 const char *var, const char *value)
{
        if (!value)
                return config_error_nonbool(var);
        free(*dest);
        *dest = xstrdup(value);
        return 0;
}

static int populate_opts_cb(const char *key, const char *value, void *data)
{
        struct replay_opts *opts = data;
        int error_flag = 1;

        if (!value)
                error_flag = 0;
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.no-commit"))
                opts->no_commit = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.edit"))
                opts->edit = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.signoff"))
                opts->signoff = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.record-origin"))
                opts->record_origin = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.allow-ff"))
                opts->allow_ff = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag);
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.mainline"))
                opts->mainline = git_config_int(key, value);
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy"))
                git_config_string_dup(&opts->strategy, key, value);
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.gpg-sign"))
                git_config_string_dup(&opts->gpg_sign, key, value);
        else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy-option")) {
                ALLOC_GROW(opts->xopts, opts->xopts_nr + 1, opts->xopts_alloc);
                opts->xopts[opts->xopts_nr++] = xstrdup(value);
        } else if (!strcmp(key, "options.allow-rerere-auto"))
                opts->allow_rerere_auto =
                        git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, &error_flag) ?
                                RERERE_AUTOUPDATE : RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE;
        else
                return error(_("invalid key: %s"), key);

        if (!error_flag)
                return error(_("invalid value for %s: %s"), key, value);

        return 0;
}

static void read_strategy_opts(struct replay_opts *opts, struct strbuf *buf)
{
        int i;

        strbuf_reset(buf);
        if (!read_oneliner(buf, rebase_path_strategy(), 0))
                return;
        opts->strategy = strbuf_detach(buf, NULL);
        if (!read_oneliner(buf, rebase_path_strategy_opts(), 0))
                return;

        opts->xopts_nr = split_cmdline(buf->buf, (const char ***)&opts->xopts);
        for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++) {
                const char *arg = opts->xopts[i];

                skip_prefix(arg, "--", &arg);
                opts->xopts[i] = xstrdup(arg);
        }
}

static int read_populate_opts(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

                if (read_oneliner(&buf, rebase_path_gpg_sign_opt(), 1)) {
                        if (!starts_with(buf.buf, "-S"))
                                strbuf_reset(&buf);
                        else {
                                free(opts->gpg_sign);
                                opts->gpg_sign = xstrdup(buf.buf + 2);
                        }
                        strbuf_reset(&buf);
                }

                if (read_oneliner(&buf, rebase_path_allow_rerere_autoupdate(), 1)) {
                        if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "--rerere-autoupdate"))
                                opts->allow_rerere_auto = RERERE_AUTOUPDATE;
                        else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "--no-rerere-autoupdate"))
                                opts->allow_rerere_auto = RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE;
                        strbuf_reset(&buf);
                }

                if (file_exists(rebase_path_verbose()))
                        opts->verbose = 1;

                read_strategy_opts(opts, &buf);
                strbuf_release(&buf);

                return 0;
        }

        if (!file_exists(git_path_opts_file()))
                return 0;
        /*
         * The function git_parse_source(), called from git_config_from_file(),
         * may die() in case of a syntactically incorrect file. We do not care
         * about this case, though, because we wrote that file ourselves, so we
         * are pretty certain that it is syntactically correct.
         */
        if (git_config_from_file(populate_opts_cb, git_path_opts_file(), opts) < 0)
                return error(_("malformed options sheet: '%s'"),
                        git_path_opts_file());
        return 0;
}

static int walk_revs_populate_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list,
                                struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        enum todo_command command = opts->action == REPLAY_PICK ?
                TODO_PICK : TODO_REVERT;
        const char *command_string = todo_command_info[command].str;
        struct commit *commit;

        if (prepare_revs(opts))
                return -1;

        while ((commit = get_revision(opts->revs))) {
                struct todo_item *item = append_new_todo(todo_list);
                const char *commit_buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
                const char *subject;
                int subject_len;

                item->command = command;
                item->commit = commit;
                item->arg = NULL;
                item->arg_len = 0;
                item->offset_in_buf = todo_list->buf.len;
                subject_len = find_commit_subject(commit_buffer, &subject);
                strbuf_addf(&todo_list->buf, "%s %s %.*s\n", command_string,
                        short_commit_name(commit), subject_len, subject);
                unuse_commit_buffer(commit, commit_buffer);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int create_seq_dir(void)
{
        if (file_exists(git_path_seq_dir())) {
                error(_("a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"));
                advise(_("try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""));
                return -1;
        } else if (mkdir(git_path_seq_dir(), 0777) < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not create sequencer directory '%s'"),
                                   git_path_seq_dir());
        return 0;
}

static int save_head(const char *head)
{
        static struct lock_file head_lock;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int fd;
        ssize_t written;

        fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&head_lock, git_path_head_file(), 0);
        if (fd < 0) {
                error_errno(_("could not lock HEAD"));
                rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
                return -1;
        }
        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\n", head);
        written = write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        if (written < 0) {
                error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), git_path_head_file());
                rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
                return -1;
        }
        if (commit_lock_file(&head_lock) < 0) {
                rollback_lock_file(&head_lock);
                return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), git_path_head_file());
        }
        return 0;
}

static int rollback_is_safe(void)
{
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct object_id expected_head, actual_head;

        if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path_abort_safety_file(), 0) >= 0) {
                strbuf_trim(&sb);
                if (get_oid_hex(sb.buf, &expected_head)) {
                        strbuf_release(&sb);
                        die(_("could not parse %s"), git_path_abort_safety_file());
                }
                strbuf_release(&sb);
        }
        else if (errno == ENOENT)
                oidclr(&expected_head);
        else
                die_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), git_path_abort_safety_file());

        if (get_oid("HEAD", &actual_head))
                oidclr(&actual_head);

        return !oidcmp(&actual_head, &expected_head);
}

static int reset_for_rollback(const struct object_id *oid)
{
        const char *argv[4];    /* reset --merge <arg> + NULL */

        argv[0] = "reset";
        argv[1] = "--merge";
        argv[2] = oid_to_hex(oid);
        argv[3] = NULL;
        return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
}

static int rollback_single_pick(void)
{
        struct object_id head_oid;

        if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) &&
            !file_exists(git_path_revert_head()))
                return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
        if (read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, &head_oid, NULL))
                return error(_("cannot resolve HEAD"));
        if (is_null_oid(&head_oid))
                return error(_("cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"));
        return reset_for_rollback(&head_oid);
}

int sequencer_rollback(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        FILE *f;
        struct object_id oid;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *p;

        f = fopen(git_path_head_file(), "r");
        if (!f && errno == ENOENT) {
                /*
                 * There is no multiple-cherry-pick in progress.
                 * If CHERRY_PICK_HEAD or REVERT_HEAD indicates
                 * a single-cherry-pick in progress, abort that.
                 */
                return rollback_single_pick();
        }
        if (!f)
                return error_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), git_path_head_file());
        if (strbuf_getline_lf(&buf, f)) {
                error(_("cannot read '%s': %s"), git_path_head_file(),
                      ferror(f) ?  strerror(errno) : _("unexpected end of file"));
                fclose(f);
                goto fail;
        }
        fclose(f);
        if (parse_oid_hex(buf.buf, &oid, &p) || *p != '\0') {
                error(_("stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"),
                        git_path_head_file());
                goto fail;
        }
        if (is_null_oid(&oid)) {
                error(_("cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"));
                goto fail;
        }

        if (!rollback_is_safe()) {
                /* Do not error, just do not rollback */
                warning(_("You seem to have moved HEAD. "
                          "Not rewinding, check your HEAD!"));
        } else
        if (reset_for_rollback(&oid))
                goto fail;
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return sequencer_remove_state(opts);
fail:
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return -1;
}

static int save_todo(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        static struct lock_file todo_lock;
        const char *todo_path = get_todo_path(opts);
        int next = todo_list->current, offset, fd;

        /*
         * rebase -i writes "git-rebase-todo" without the currently executing
         * command, appending it to "done" instead.
         */
        if (is_rebase_i(opts))
                next++;

        fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&todo_lock, todo_path, 0);
        if (fd < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not lock '%s'"), todo_path);
        offset = next < todo_list->nr ?
                todo_list->items[next].offset_in_buf : todo_list->buf.len;
        if (write_in_full(fd, todo_list->buf.buf + offset,
                        todo_list->buf.len - offset) < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), todo_path);
        if (commit_lock_file(&todo_lock) < 0)
                return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'."), todo_path);

        if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                const char *done_path = rebase_path_done();
                int fd = open(done_path, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, 0666);
                int prev_offset = !next ? 0 :
                        todo_list->items[next - 1].offset_in_buf;

                if (fd >= 0 && offset > prev_offset &&
                    write_in_full(fd, todo_list->buf.buf + prev_offset,
                                  offset - prev_offset) < 0) {
                        close(fd);
                        return error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"),
                                           done_path);
                }
                if (fd >= 0)
                        close(fd);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int save_opts(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        const char *opts_file = git_path_opts_file();
        int res = 0;

        if (opts->no_commit)
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.no-commit", "true");
        if (opts->edit)
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.edit", "true");
        if (opts->signoff)
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.signoff", "true");
        if (opts->record_origin)
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.record-origin", "true");
        if (opts->allow_ff)
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.allow-ff", "true");
        if (opts->mainline) {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "%d", opts->mainline);
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.mainline", buf.buf);
                strbuf_release(&buf);
        }
        if (opts->strategy)
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.strategy", opts->strategy);
        if (opts->gpg_sign)
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.gpg-sign", opts->gpg_sign);
        if (opts->xopts) {
                int i;
                for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
                        res |= git_config_set_multivar_in_file_gently(opts_file,
                                                        "options.strategy-option",
                                                        opts->xopts[i], "^$", 0);
        }
        if (opts->allow_rerere_auto)
                res |= git_config_set_in_file_gently(opts_file, "options.allow-rerere-auto",
                                                     opts->allow_rerere_auto == RERERE_AUTOUPDATE ?
                                                     "true" : "false");
        return res;
}

static int make_patch(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct rev_info log_tree_opt;
        const char *subject, *p;
        int res = 0;

        p = short_commit_name(commit);
        if (write_message(p, strlen(p), rebase_path_stopped_sha(), 1) < 0)
                return -1;

        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/patch", get_dir(opts));
        memset(&log_tree_opt, 0, sizeof(log_tree_opt));
        init_revisions(&log_tree_opt, NULL);
        log_tree_opt.abbrev = 0;
        log_tree_opt.diff = 1;
        log_tree_opt.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
        log_tree_opt.disable_stdin = 1;
        log_tree_opt.no_commit_id = 1;
        log_tree_opt.diffopt.file = fopen(buf.buf, "w");
        log_tree_opt.diffopt.use_color = GIT_COLOR_NEVER;
        if (!log_tree_opt.diffopt.file)
                res |= error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), buf.buf);
        else {
                res |= log_tree_commit(&log_tree_opt, commit);
                fclose(log_tree_opt.diffopt.file);
        }
        strbuf_reset(&buf);

        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/message", get_dir(opts));
        if (!file_exists(buf.buf)) {
                const char *commit_buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
                find_commit_subject(commit_buffer, &subject);
                res |= write_message(subject, strlen(subject), buf.buf, 1);
                unuse_commit_buffer(commit, commit_buffer);
        }
        strbuf_release(&buf);

        return res;
}

static int intend_to_amend(void)
{
        struct object_id head;
        char *p;

        if (get_oid("HEAD", &head))
                return error(_("cannot read HEAD"));

        p = oid_to_hex(&head);
        return write_message(p, strlen(p), rebase_path_amend(), 1);
}

static int error_with_patch(struct commit *commit,
        const char *subject, int subject_len,
        struct replay_opts *opts, int exit_code, int to_amend)
{
        if (make_patch(commit, opts))
                return -1;

        if (to_amend) {
                if (intend_to_amend())
                        return -1;

                fprintf(stderr, "You can amend the commit now, with\n"
                        "\n"
                        "  git commit --amend %s\n"
                        "\n"
                        "Once you are satisfied with your changes, run\n"
                        "\n"
                        "  git rebase --continue\n", gpg_sign_opt_quoted(opts));
        } else if (exit_code)
                fprintf(stderr, "Could not apply %s... %.*s\n",
                        short_commit_name(commit), subject_len, subject);

        return exit_code;
}

static int error_failed_squash(struct commit *commit,
        struct replay_opts *opts, int subject_len, const char *subject)
{
        if (rename(rebase_path_squash_msg(), rebase_path_message()))
                return error(_("could not rename '%s' to '%s'"),
                        rebase_path_squash_msg(), rebase_path_message());
        unlink(rebase_path_fixup_msg());
        unlink(git_path_merge_msg());
        if (copy_file(git_path_merge_msg(), rebase_path_message(), 0666))
                return error(_("could not copy '%s' to '%s'"),
                             rebase_path_message(), git_path_merge_msg());
        return error_with_patch(commit, subject, subject_len, opts, 1, 0);
}

static int do_exec(const char *command_line)
{
        struct argv_array child_env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
        const char *child_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
        int dirty, status;

        fprintf(stderr, "Executing: %s\n", command_line);
        child_argv[0] = command_line;
        argv_array_pushf(&child_env, "GIT_DIR=%s", absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
        status = run_command_v_opt_cd_env(child_argv, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL,
                                          child_env.argv);

        /* force re-reading of the cache */
        if (discard_cache() < 0 || read_cache() < 0)
                return error(_("could not read index"));

        dirty = require_clean_work_tree("rebase", NULL, 1, 1);

        if (status) {
                warning(_("execution failed: %s\n%s"
                          "You can fix the problem, and then run\n"
                          "\n"
                          "  git rebase --continue\n"
                          "\n"),
                        command_line,
                        dirty ? N_("and made changes to the index and/or the "
                                "working tree\n") : "");
                if (status == 127)
                        /* command not found */
                        status = 1;
        } else if (dirty) {
                warning(_("execution succeeded: %s\nbut "
                          "left changes to the index and/or the working tree\n"
                          "Commit or stash your changes, and then run\n"
                          "\n"
                          "  git rebase --continue\n"
                          "\n"), command_line);
                status = 1;
        }

        argv_array_clear(&child_env);

        return status;
}

static int safe_append(const char *filename, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;
        struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
        int fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, filename,
                                           LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR);
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

        if (fd < 0)
                return -1;

        if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, filename, 0) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
                return error_errno(_("could not read '%s'"), filename);
        strbuf_complete(&buf, '\n');
        va_start(ap, fmt);
        strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
        va_end(ap);

        if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) < 0) {
                error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), filename);
                strbuf_release(&buf);
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                return -1;
        }
        if (commit_lock_file(&lock) < 0) {
                strbuf_release(&buf);
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                return error(_("failed to finalize '%s'"), filename);
        }

        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return 0;
}

static int do_label(const char *name, int len)
{
        struct ref_store *refs = get_main_ref_store();
        struct ref_transaction *transaction;
        struct strbuf ref_name = STRBUF_INIT, err = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
        int ret = 0;
        struct object_id head_oid;

        if (len == 1 && *name == '#')
                return error("Illegal label name: '%.*s'", len, name);

        strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/rewritten/%.*s", len, name);
        strbuf_addf(&msg, "rebase -i (label) '%.*s'", len, name);

        transaction = ref_store_transaction_begin(refs, &err);
        if (!transaction) {
                error("%s", err.buf);
                ret = -1;
        } else if (get_oid("HEAD", &head_oid)) {
                error(_("could not read HEAD"));
                ret = -1;
        } else if (ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref_name.buf, &head_oid,
                                          NULL, 0, msg.buf, &err) < 0 ||
                   ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
                error("%s", err.buf);
                ret = -1;
        }
        ref_transaction_free(transaction);
        strbuf_release(&err);
        strbuf_release(&msg);

        if (!ret)
                ret = safe_append(rebase_path_refs_to_delete(),
                                  "%s\n", ref_name.buf);
        strbuf_release(&ref_name);

        return ret;
}

static int do_reset(const char *name, int len, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct strbuf ref_name = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct object_id oid;
        struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
        struct tree_desc desc;
        struct tree *tree;
        struct unpack_trees_options unpack_tree_opts;
        int ret = 0, i;

        if (hold_locked_index(&lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0)
                return -1;

        /* Determine the length of the label */
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
                if (isspace(name[i]))
                        len = i;

        strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/rewritten/%.*s", len, name);
        if (get_oid(ref_name.buf, &oid) &&
            get_oid(ref_name.buf + strlen("refs/rewritten/"), &oid)) {
                error(_("could not read '%s'"), ref_name.buf);
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                strbuf_release(&ref_name);
                return -1;
        }

        memset(&unpack_tree_opts, 0, sizeof(unpack_tree_opts));
        unpack_tree_opts.head_idx = 1;
        unpack_tree_opts.src_index = &the_index;
        unpack_tree_opts.dst_index = &the_index;
        unpack_tree_opts.fn = oneway_merge;
        unpack_tree_opts.merge = 1;
        unpack_tree_opts.update = 1;
        unpack_tree_opts.reset = 1;

        if (read_cache_unmerged()) {
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                strbuf_release(&ref_name);
                return error_resolve_conflict(_(action_name(opts)));
        }

        if (!fill_tree_descriptor(&desc, &oid)) {
                error(_("failed to find tree of %s"), oid_to_hex(&oid));
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                free((void *)desc.buffer);
                strbuf_release(&ref_name);
                return -1;
        }

        if (unpack_trees(1, &desc, &unpack_tree_opts)) {
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                free((void *)desc.buffer);
                strbuf_release(&ref_name);
                return -1;
        }

        tree = parse_tree_indirect(&oid);
        prime_cache_tree(&the_index, tree);

        if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK) < 0)
                ret = error(_("could not write index"));
        free((void *)desc.buffer);

        if (!ret) {
                struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;

                strbuf_addf(&msg, "(rebase -i) reset '%.*s'", len, name);
                ret = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", &oid, NULL, 0,
                                 UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR);
                strbuf_release(&msg);
        }

        strbuf_release(&ref_name);
        return ret;
}

static int do_merge(struct commit *commit, const char *arg, int arg_len,
                    int run_commit_flags, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        int merge_arg_len;
        struct strbuf ref_name = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct commit *head_commit, *merge_commit, *i;
        struct commit_list *common, *j, *reversed = NULL;
        struct merge_options o;
        int can_fast_forward, ret;
        static struct lock_file lock;

        for (merge_arg_len = 0; merge_arg_len < arg_len; merge_arg_len++)
                if (isspace(arg[merge_arg_len]))
                        break;

        if (hold_locked_index(&lock, LOCK_REPORT_ON_ERROR) < 0)
                return -1;

        head_commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name("HEAD");
        if (!head_commit) {
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                return error(_("cannot merge without a current revision"));
        }

        if (commit) {
                const char *message = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
                const char *body;
                int len;

                if (!message) {
                        rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                        return error(_("could not get commit message of '%s'"),
                                     oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
                }
                write_author_script(message);
                find_commit_subject(message, &body);
                len = strlen(body);
                if (write_message(body, len, git_path_merge_msg(), 0) < 0) {
                        error_errno(_("could not write '%s'"),
                                    git_path_merge_msg());
                        unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
                        rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                        return -1;
                }
                unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
        } else {
                const char *p = arg + merge_arg_len;
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
                int len;

                strbuf_addf(&buf, "author %s", git_author_info(0));
                write_author_script(buf.buf);
                strbuf_reset(&buf);

                p += strspn(p, " \t");
                if (*p == '#' && isspace(p[1]))
                        p += 1 + strspn(p + 1, " \t");
                if (*p)
                        len = strlen(p);
                else {
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, "Merge branch '%.*s'",
                                    merge_arg_len, arg);
                        p = buf.buf;
                        len = buf.len;
                }

                if (write_message(p, len, git_path_merge_msg(), 0) < 0) {
                        error_errno(_("could not write '%s'"),
                                    git_path_merge_msg());
                        strbuf_release(&buf);
                        rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                        return -1;
                }
                strbuf_release(&buf);
        }

        /*
         * If HEAD is not identical to the parent of the original merge commit,
         * we cannot fast-forward.
         */
        can_fast_forward = opts->allow_ff && commit && commit->parents &&
                !oidcmp(&commit->parents->item->object.oid,
                        &head_commit->object.oid);

        strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/rewritten/%.*s", merge_arg_len, arg);
        merge_commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(ref_name.buf);
        if (!merge_commit) {
                /* fall back to non-rewritten ref or commit */
                strbuf_splice(&ref_name, 0, strlen("refs/rewritten/"), "", 0);
                merge_commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(ref_name.buf);
        }
        if (!merge_commit) {
                error(_("could not resolve '%s'"), ref_name.buf);
                strbuf_release(&ref_name);
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                return -1;
        }

        if (can_fast_forward && commit->parents->next &&
            !commit->parents->next->next &&
            !oidcmp(&commit->parents->next->item->object.oid,
                    &merge_commit->object.oid)) {
                strbuf_release(&ref_name);
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                return fast_forward_to(&commit->object.oid,
                                       &head_commit->object.oid, 0, opts);
        }

        write_message(oid_to_hex(&merge_commit->object.oid), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ,
                      git_path_merge_head(), 0);
        write_message("no-ff", 5, git_path_merge_mode(), 0);

        common = get_merge_bases(head_commit, merge_commit);
        for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
                commit_list_insert(j->item, &reversed);
        free_commit_list(common);

        read_cache();
        init_merge_options(&o);
        o.branch1 = "HEAD";
        o.branch2 = ref_name.buf;
        o.buffer_output = 2;

        ret = merge_recursive(&o, head_commit, merge_commit, reversed, &i);
        if (ret <= 0)
                fputs(o.obuf.buf, stdout);
        strbuf_release(&o.obuf);
        if (ret < 0) {
                strbuf_release(&ref_name);
                rollback_lock_file(&lock);
                return error(_("conflicts while merging '%.*s'"),
                             merge_arg_len, arg);
        }

        if (active_cache_changed &&
            write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK)) {
                strbuf_release(&ref_name);
                return error(_("merge: Unable to write new index file"));
        }
        rollback_lock_file(&lock);

        ret = run_git_commit(git_path_merge_msg(), opts, run_commit_flags);
        strbuf_release(&ref_name);

        return ret;
}

static int is_final_fixup(struct todo_list *todo_list)
{
        int i = todo_list->current;

        if (!is_fixup(todo_list->items[i].command))
                return 0;

        while (++i < todo_list->nr)
                if (is_fixup(todo_list->items[i].command))
                        return 0;
                else if (!is_noop(todo_list->items[i].command))
                        break;
        return 1;
}

static enum todo_command peek_command(struct todo_list *todo_list, int offset)
{
        int i;

        for (i = todo_list->current + offset; i < todo_list->nr; i++)
                if (!is_noop(todo_list->items[i].command))
                        return todo_list->items[i].command;

        return -1;
}

static int apply_autostash(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct strbuf stash_sha1 = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
        int ret = 0;

        if (!read_oneliner(&stash_sha1, rebase_path_autostash(), 1)) {
                strbuf_release(&stash_sha1);
                return 0;
        }
        strbuf_trim(&stash_sha1);

        child.git_cmd = 1;
        child.no_stdout = 1;
        child.no_stderr = 1;
        argv_array_push(&child.args, "stash");
        argv_array_push(&child.args, "apply");
        argv_array_push(&child.args, stash_sha1.buf);
        if (!run_command(&child))
                fprintf(stderr, _("Applied autostash.\n"));
        else {
                struct child_process store = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;

                store.git_cmd = 1;
                argv_array_push(&store.args, "stash");
                argv_array_push(&store.args, "store");
                argv_array_push(&store.args, "-m");
                argv_array_push(&store.args, "autostash");
                argv_array_push(&store.args, "-q");
                argv_array_push(&store.args, stash_sha1.buf);
                if (run_command(&store))
                        ret = error(_("cannot store %s"), stash_sha1.buf);
                else
                        fprintf(stderr,
                                _("Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
                                  "Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
                                  "You can run \"git stash pop\" or"
                                  " \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"));
        }

        strbuf_release(&stash_sha1);
        return ret;
}

static const char *reflog_message(struct replay_opts *opts,
        const char *sub_action, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        va_list ap;
        static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

        va_start(ap, fmt);
        strbuf_reset(&buf);
        strbuf_addstr(&buf, action_name(opts));
        if (sub_action)
                strbuf_addf(&buf, " (%s)", sub_action);
        if (fmt) {
                strbuf_addstr(&buf, ": ");
                strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
        }
        va_end(ap);

        return buf.buf;
}

static int pick_commits(struct todo_list *todo_list, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        int res = 0;

        setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
        if (opts->allow_ff)
                assert(!(opts->signoff || opts->no_commit ||
                                opts->record_origin || opts->edit));
        if (read_and_refresh_cache(opts))
                return -1;

        while (todo_list->current < todo_list->nr) {
                struct todo_item *item = todo_list->items + todo_list->current;
                if (save_todo(todo_list, opts))
                        return -1;
                if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                        if (item->command != TODO_COMMENT) {
                                FILE *f = fopen(rebase_path_msgnum(), "w");

                                todo_list->done_nr++;

                                if (f) {
                                        fprintf(f, "%d\n", todo_list->done_nr);
                                        fclose(f);
                                }
                                fprintf(stderr, "Rebasing (%d/%d)%s",
                                        todo_list->done_nr,
                                        todo_list->total_nr,
                                        opts->verbose ? "\n" : "\r");
                        }
                        unlink(rebase_path_message());
                        unlink(rebase_path_author_script());
                        unlink(rebase_path_stopped_sha());
                        unlink(rebase_path_amend());
                }
                if (item->command <= TODO_SQUASH) {
                        if (is_rebase_i(opts))
                                setenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION", reflog_message(opts,
                                        command_to_string(item->command), NULL),
                                        1);
                        res = do_pick_commit(item->command, item->commit,
                                        opts, is_final_fixup(todo_list));
                        if (is_rebase_i(opts) && res < 0) {
                                /* Reschedule */
                                todo_list->current--;
                                if (save_todo(todo_list, opts))
                                        return -1;
                        }
                        if (item->command == TODO_EDIT) {
                                struct commit *commit = item->commit;
                                if (!res)
                                        fprintf(stderr,
                                                _("Stopped at %s...  %.*s\n"),
                                                short_commit_name(commit),
                                                item->arg_len, item->arg);
                                return error_with_patch(commit,
                                        item->arg, item->arg_len, opts, res,
                                        !res);
                        }
                        if (is_rebase_i(opts) && !res)
                                record_in_rewritten(&item->commit->object.oid,
                                        peek_command(todo_list, 1));
                        if (res && is_fixup(item->command)) {
                                if (res == 1)
                                        intend_to_amend();
                                return error_failed_squash(item->commit, opts,
                                        item->arg_len, item->arg);
                        } else if (res && is_rebase_i(opts))
                                return res | error_with_patch(item->commit,
                                        item->arg, item->arg_len, opts, res,
                                        item->command == TODO_REWORD);
                } else if (item->command == TODO_EXEC) {
                        char *end_of_arg = (char *)(item->arg + item->arg_len);
                        int saved = *end_of_arg;
                        struct stat st;

                        *end_of_arg = '\0';
                        res = do_exec(item->arg);
                        *end_of_arg = saved;

                        /* Reread the todo file if it has changed. */
                        if (res)
                                ; /* fall through */
                        else if (stat(get_todo_path(opts), &st))
                                res = error_errno(_("could not stat '%s'"),
                                                  get_todo_path(opts));
                        else if (match_stat_data(&todo_list->stat, &st)) {
                                todo_list_release(todo_list);
                                if (read_populate_todo(todo_list, opts))
                                        res = -1; /* message was printed */
                                /* `current` will be incremented below */
                                todo_list->current = -1;
                        }
                } else if (item->command == TODO_LABEL)
                        res = do_label(item->arg, item->arg_len);
                else if (item->command == TODO_RESET)
                        res = do_reset(item->arg, item->arg_len, opts);
                else if (item->command == TODO_MERGE ||
                         item->command == TODO_MERGE_AND_EDIT)
                        res = do_merge(item->commit, item->arg, item->arg_len,
                                       item->command == TODO_MERGE_AND_EDIT ?
                                       EDIT_MSG | VERIFY_MSG : 0, opts);
                else if (!is_noop(item->command))
                        return error(_("unknown command %d"), item->command);

                todo_list->current++;
                if (res)
                        return res;
        }

        if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                struct strbuf head_ref = STRBUF_INIT, buf = STRBUF_INIT;
                struct stat st;

                /* Stopped in the middle, as planned? */
                if (todo_list->current < todo_list->nr)
                        return 0;

                if (read_oneliner(&head_ref, rebase_path_head_name(), 0) &&
                                starts_with(head_ref.buf, "refs/")) {
                        const char *msg;
                        struct object_id head, orig;
                        int res;

                        if (get_oid("HEAD", &head)) {
                                res = error(_("cannot read HEAD"));
cleanup_head_ref:
                                strbuf_release(&head_ref);
                                strbuf_release(&buf);
                                return res;
                        }
                        if (!read_oneliner(&buf, rebase_path_orig_head(), 0) ||
                                        get_oid_hex(buf.buf, &orig)) {
                                res = error(_("could not read orig-head"));
                                goto cleanup_head_ref;
                        }
                        strbuf_reset(&buf);
                        if (!read_oneliner(&buf, rebase_path_onto(), 0)) {
                                res = error(_("could not read 'onto'"));
                                goto cleanup_head_ref;
                        }
                        msg = reflog_message(opts, "finish", "%s onto %s",
                                head_ref.buf, buf.buf);
                        if (update_ref(msg, head_ref.buf, &head, &orig,
                                       REF_NO_DEREF, UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR)) {
                                res = error(_("could not update %s"),
                                        head_ref.buf);
                                goto cleanup_head_ref;
                        }
                        msg = reflog_message(opts, "finish", "returning to %s",
                                head_ref.buf);
                        if (create_symref("HEAD", head_ref.buf, msg)) {
                                res = error(_("could not update HEAD to %s"),
                                        head_ref.buf);
                                goto cleanup_head_ref;
                        }
                        strbuf_reset(&buf);
                }

                if (opts->verbose) {
                        struct rev_info log_tree_opt;
                        struct object_id orig, head;

                        memset(&log_tree_opt, 0, sizeof(log_tree_opt));
                        init_revisions(&log_tree_opt, NULL);
                        log_tree_opt.diff = 1;
                        log_tree_opt.diffopt.output_format =
                                DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
                        log_tree_opt.disable_stdin = 1;

                        if (read_oneliner(&buf, rebase_path_orig_head(), 0) &&
                            !get_oid(buf.buf, &orig) &&
                            !get_oid("HEAD", &head)) {
                                diff_tree_oid(&orig, &head, "",
                                              &log_tree_opt.diffopt);
                                log_tree_diff_flush(&log_tree_opt);
                        }
                }
                flush_rewritten_pending();
                if (!stat(rebase_path_rewritten_list(), &st) &&
                                st.st_size > 0) {
                        struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
                        const char *post_rewrite_hook =
                                find_hook("post-rewrite");

                        child.in = open(rebase_path_rewritten_list(), O_RDONLY);
                        child.git_cmd = 1;
                        argv_array_push(&child.args, "notes");
                        argv_array_push(&child.args, "copy");
                        argv_array_push(&child.args, "--for-rewrite=rebase");
                        /* we don't care if this copying failed */
                        run_command(&child);

                        if (post_rewrite_hook) {
                                struct child_process hook = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;

                                hook.in = open(rebase_path_rewritten_list(),
                                        O_RDONLY);
                                hook.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
                                argv_array_push(&hook.args, post_rewrite_hook);
                                argv_array_push(&hook.args, "rebase");
                                /* we don't care if this hook failed */
                                run_command(&hook);
                        }
                }
                apply_autostash(opts);

                fprintf(stderr, "Successfully rebased and updated %s.\n",
                        head_ref.buf);

                strbuf_release(&buf);
                strbuf_release(&head_ref);
        }

        /*
         * Sequence of picks finished successfully; cleanup by
         * removing the .git/sequencer directory
         */
        return sequencer_remove_state(opts);
}

static int continue_single_pick(void)
{
        const char *argv[] = { "commit", NULL };

        if (!file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) &&
            !file_exists(git_path_revert_head()))
                return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
        return run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
}

static int commit_staged_changes(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        unsigned int flags = ALLOW_EMPTY | EDIT_MSG;

        if (has_unstaged_changes(1))
                return error(_("cannot rebase: You have unstaged changes."));
        if (!has_uncommitted_changes(0)) {
                const char *cherry_pick_head = git_path_cherry_pick_head();

                if (file_exists(cherry_pick_head) && unlink(cherry_pick_head))
                        return error(_("could not remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
                return 0;
        }

        if (file_exists(rebase_path_amend())) {
                struct strbuf rev = STRBUF_INIT;
                struct object_id head, to_amend;

                if (get_oid("HEAD", &head))
                        return error(_("cannot amend non-existing commit"));
                if (!read_oneliner(&rev, rebase_path_amend(), 0))
                        return error(_("invalid file: '%s'"), rebase_path_amend());
                if (get_oid_hex(rev.buf, &to_amend))
                        return error(_("invalid contents: '%s'"),
                                rebase_path_amend());
                if (oidcmp(&head, &to_amend))
                        return error(_("\nYou have uncommitted changes in your "
                                       "working tree. Please, commit them\n"
                                       "first and then run 'git rebase "
                                       "--continue' again."));

                strbuf_release(&rev);
                flags |= AMEND_MSG;
        }

        if (run_git_commit(rebase_path_message(), opts, flags))
                return error(_("could not commit staged changes."));
        unlink(rebase_path_amend());
        return 0;
}

int sequencer_continue(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        int res;

        if (read_and_refresh_cache(opts))
                return -1;

        if (is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                if (commit_staged_changes(opts))
                        return -1;
        } else if (!file_exists(get_todo_path(opts)))
                return continue_single_pick();
        if (read_populate_opts(opts))
                return -1;
        if ((res = read_populate_todo(&todo_list, opts)))
                goto release_todo_list;

        if (!is_rebase_i(opts)) {
                /* Verify that the conflict has been resolved */
                if (file_exists(git_path_cherry_pick_head()) ||
                    file_exists(git_path_revert_head())) {
                        res = continue_single_pick();
                        if (res)
                                goto release_todo_list;
                }
                if (index_differs_from("HEAD", NULL, 0)) {
                        res = error_dirty_index(opts);
                        goto release_todo_list;
                }
                todo_list.current++;
        } else if (file_exists(rebase_path_stopped_sha())) {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
                struct object_id oid;

                if (read_oneliner(&buf, rebase_path_stopped_sha(), 1) &&
                    !get_oid_committish(buf.buf, &oid))
                        record_in_rewritten(&oid, peek_command(&todo_list, 0));
                strbuf_release(&buf);
        }

        res = pick_commits(&todo_list, opts);
release_todo_list:
        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
        return res;
}

static int single_pick(struct commit *cmit, struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        setenv(GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, action_name(opts), 0);
        return do_pick_commit(opts->action == REPLAY_PICK ?
                TODO_PICK : TODO_REVERT, cmit, opts, 0);
}

int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
{
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        struct object_id oid;
        int i, res;

        assert(opts->revs);
        if (read_and_refresh_cache(opts))
                return -1;

        for (i = 0; i < opts->revs->pending.nr; i++) {
                struct object_id oid;
                const char *name = opts->revs->pending.objects[i].name;

                /* This happens when using --stdin. */
                if (!strlen(name))
                        continue;

                if (!get_oid(name, &oid)) {
                        if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(&oid, 1)) {
                                enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(oid.hash, NULL);
                                return error(_("%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"),
                                        name, typename(type));
                        }
                } else
                        return error(_("%s: bad revision"), name);
        }

        /*
         * If we were called as "git cherry-pick <commit>", just
         * cherry-pick/revert it, set CHERRY_PICK_HEAD /
         * REVERT_HEAD, and don't touch the sequencer state.
         * This means it is possible to cherry-pick in the middle
         * of a cherry-pick sequence.
         */
        if (opts->revs->cmdline.nr == 1 &&
            opts->revs->cmdline.rev->whence == REV_CMD_REV &&
            opts->revs->no_walk &&
            !opts->revs->cmdline.rev->flags) {
                struct commit *cmit;
                if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
                        return error(_("revision walk setup failed"));
                cmit = get_revision(opts->revs);
                if (!cmit || get_revision(opts->revs))
                        return error("BUG: expected exactly one commit from walk");
                return single_pick(cmit, opts);
        }

        /*
         * Start a new cherry-pick/ revert sequence; but
         * first, make sure that an existing one isn't in
         * progress
         */

        if (walk_revs_populate_todo(&todo_list, opts) ||
                        create_seq_dir() < 0)
                return -1;
        if (get_oid("HEAD", &oid) && (opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT))
                return error(_("can't revert as initial commit"));
        if (save_head(oid_to_hex(&oid)))
                return -1;
        if (save_opts(opts))
                return -1;
        update_abort_safety_file();
        res = pick_commits(&todo_list, opts);
        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
        return res;
}

void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag)
{
        unsigned no_dup_sob = flag & APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP;
        struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
        int has_footer;

        strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
        strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
                                getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
        strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');

        if (!ignore_footer)
                strbuf_complete_line(msgbuf);

        /*
         * If the whole message buffer is equal to the sob, pretend that we
         * found a conforming footer with a matching sob
         */
        if (msgbuf->len - ignore_footer == sob.len &&
            !strncmp(msgbuf->buf, sob.buf, sob.len))
                has_footer = 3;
        else
                has_footer = has_conforming_footer(msgbuf, &sob, ignore_footer);

        if (!has_footer) {
                const char *append_newlines = NULL;
                size_t len = msgbuf->len - ignore_footer;

                if (!len) {
                        /*
                         * The buffer is completely empty.  Leave foom for
                         * the title and body to be filled in by the user.
                         */
                        append_newlines = "\n\n";
                } else if (len == 1) {
                        /*
                         * Buffer contains a single newline.  Add another
                         * so that we leave room for the title and body.
                         */
                        append_newlines = "\n";
                } else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 2] != '\n') {
                        /*
                         * Buffer ends with a single newline.  Add another
                         * so that there is an empty line between the message
                         * body and the sob.
                         */
                        append_newlines = "\n";
                } /* else, the buffer already ends with two newlines. */

                if (append_newlines)
                        strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
                                append_newlines, strlen(append_newlines));
        }

        if (has_footer != 3 && (!no_dup_sob || has_footer != 2))
                strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
                                sob.buf, sob.len);

        strbuf_release(&sob);
}

int sequencer_make_script(FILE *out, int argc, const char **argv,
                          unsigned flags)
{
        char *format = NULL;
        struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct rev_info revs;
        struct commit *commit;
        int keep_empty = flags & TODO_LIST_KEEP_EMPTY;
        const char *insn = flags & TODO_LIST_ABBREVIATE_CMDS ? "p" : "pick";

        init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
        revs.verbose_header = 1;
        revs.max_parents = 1;
        revs.cherry_pick = 1;
        revs.limited = 1;
        revs.reverse = 1;
        revs.right_only = 1;
        revs.sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
        revs.topo_order = 1;

        revs.pretty_given = 1;
        git_config_get_string("rebase.instructionFormat", &format);
        if (!format || !*format) {
                free(format);
                format = xstrdup("%s");
        }
        get_commit_format(format, &revs);
        free(format);
        pp.fmt = revs.commit_format;
        pp.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();

        if (setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL) > 1)
                return error(_("make_script: unhandled options"));

        if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs) < 0)
                return error(_("make_script: error preparing revisions"));

        while ((commit = get_revision(&revs))) {
                strbuf_reset(&buf);
                if (!keep_empty && is_original_commit_empty(commit))
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%c ", comment_line_char);
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s %s ", insn,
                            oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
                pretty_print_commit(&pp, commit, &buf);
                strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
                fputs(buf.buf, out);
        }
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Add commands after pick and (series of) squash/fixup commands
 * in the todo list.
 */
int sequencer_add_exec_commands(const char *commands)
{
        const char *todo_file = rebase_path_todo();
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        struct todo_item *item;
        struct strbuf *buf = &todo_list.buf;
        size_t offset = 0, commands_len = strlen(commands);
        int i, first;

        if (strbuf_read_file(&todo_list.buf, todo_file, 0) < 0)
                return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);

        if (parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list)) {
                todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                return error(_("unusable todo list: '%s'"), todo_file);
        }

        first = 1;
        /* insert <commands> before every pick except the first one */
        for (item = todo_list.items, i = 0; i < todo_list.nr; i++, item++) {
                if (item->command == TODO_PICK && !first) {
                        strbuf_insert(buf, item->offset_in_buf + offset,
                                      commands, commands_len);
                        offset += commands_len;
                }
                first = 0;
        }

        /* append final <commands> */
        strbuf_add(buf, commands, commands_len);

        i = write_message(buf->buf, buf->len, todo_file, 0);
        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
        return i;
}

int transform_todos(unsigned flags)
{
        const char *todo_file = rebase_path_todo();
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct todo_item *item;
        int i;

        if (strbuf_read_file(&todo_list.buf, todo_file, 0) < 0)
                return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);

        if (parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list)) {
                todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                return error(_("unusable todo list: '%s'"), todo_file);
        }

        for (item = todo_list.items, i = 0; i < todo_list.nr; i++, item++) {
                /* if the item is not a command write it and continue */
                if (item->command >= TODO_COMMENT) {
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, "%.*s\n", item->arg_len, item->arg);
                        continue;
                }

                /* add command to the buffer */
                if (flags & TODO_LIST_ABBREVIATE_CMDS)
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, command_to_char(item->command));
                else
                        strbuf_addstr(&buf, command_to_string(item->command));

                /* add commit id */
                if (item->commit) {
                        const char *oid = flags & TODO_LIST_SHORTEN_IDS ?
                                          short_commit_name(item->commit) :
                                          oid_to_hex(&item->commit->object.oid);

                        if (item->command == TODO_MERGE)
                                strbuf_addstr(&buf, " -C");
                        else if (item->command == TODO_MERGE_AND_EDIT)
                                strbuf_addstr(&buf, " -c");

                        strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", oid);
                }

                /* add all the rest */
                if (!item->arg_len)
                        strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
                else
                        strbuf_addf(&buf, " %.*s\n", item->arg_len, item->arg);
        }

        i = write_message(buf.buf, buf.len, todo_file, 0);
        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
        return i;
}

enum check_level {
        CHECK_IGNORE = 0, CHECK_WARN, CHECK_ERROR
};

static enum check_level get_missing_commit_check_level(void)
{
        const char *value;

        if (git_config_get_value("rebase.missingcommitscheck", &value) ||
                        !strcasecmp("ignore", value))
                return CHECK_IGNORE;
        if (!strcasecmp("warn", value))
                return CHECK_WARN;
        if (!strcasecmp("error", value))
                return CHECK_ERROR;
        warning(_("unrecognized setting %s for option "
                  "rebase.missingCommitsCheck. Ignoring."), value);
        return CHECK_IGNORE;
}

/*
 * Check if the user dropped some commits by mistake
 * Behaviour determined by rebase.missingCommitsCheck.
 * Check if there is an unrecognized command or a
 * bad SHA-1 in a command.
 */
int check_todo_list(void)
{
        enum check_level check_level = get_missing_commit_check_level();
        struct strbuf todo_file = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        struct strbuf missing = STRBUF_INIT;
        int advise_to_edit_todo = 0, res = 0, fd, i;

        strbuf_addstr(&todo_file, rebase_path_todo());
        fd = open(todo_file.buf, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0) {
                res = error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file.buf);
                goto leave_check;
        }
        if (strbuf_read(&todo_list.buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
                close(fd);
                res = error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file.buf);
                goto leave_check;
        }
        close(fd);
        advise_to_edit_todo = res =
                parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list);

        if (res || check_level == CHECK_IGNORE)
                goto leave_check;

        /* Mark the commits in git-rebase-todo as seen */
        for (i = 0; i < todo_list.nr; i++) {
                struct commit *commit = todo_list.items[i].commit;
                if (commit)
                        commit->util = (void *)1;
        }

        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
        strbuf_addstr(&todo_file, ".backup");
        fd = open(todo_file.buf, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0) {
                res = error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file.buf);
                goto leave_check;
        }
        if (strbuf_read(&todo_list.buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
                close(fd);
                res = error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file.buf);
                goto leave_check;
        }
        close(fd);
        strbuf_release(&todo_file);
        res = !!parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list);

        /* Find commits in git-rebase-todo.backup yet unseen */
        for (i = todo_list.nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                struct todo_item *item = todo_list.items + i;
                struct commit *commit = item->commit;
                if (commit && !commit->util) {
                        strbuf_addf(&missing, " - %s %.*s\n",
                                    short_commit_name(commit),
                                    item->arg_len, item->arg);
                        commit->util = (void *)1;
                }
        }

        /* Warn about missing commits */
        if (!missing.len)
                goto leave_check;

        if (check_level == CHECK_ERROR)
                advise_to_edit_todo = res = 1;

        fprintf(stderr,
                _("Warning: some commits may have been dropped accidentally.\n"
                "Dropped commits (newer to older):\n"));

        /* Make the list user-friendly and display */
        fputs(missing.buf, stderr);
        strbuf_release(&missing);

        fprintf(stderr, _("To avoid this message, use \"drop\" to "
                "explicitly remove a commit.\n\n"
                "Use 'git config rebase.missingCommitsCheck' to change "
                "the level of warnings.\n"
                "The possible behaviours are: ignore, warn, error.\n\n"));

leave_check:
        strbuf_release(&todo_file);
        todo_list_release(&todo_list);

        if (advise_to_edit_todo)
                fprintf(stderr,
                        _("You can fix this with 'git rebase --edit-todo' "
                          "and then run 'git rebase --continue'.\n"
                          "Or you can abort the rebase with 'git rebase"
                          " --abort'.\n"));

        return res;
}

static int rewrite_file(const char *path, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
        int rc = 0;
        int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC);
        if (fd < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for writing"), path);
        if (write_in_full(fd, buf, len) < 0)
                rc = error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), path);
        if (close(fd) && !rc)
                rc = error_errno(_("could not close '%s'"), path);
        return rc;
}

/* skip picking commits whose parents are unchanged */
int skip_unnecessary_picks(void)
{
        const char *todo_file = rebase_path_todo();
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        struct object_id onto_oid, *oid = &onto_oid, *parent_oid;
        int fd, i;

        if (!read_oneliner(&buf, rebase_path_onto(), 0))
                return error(_("could not read 'onto'"));
        if (get_oid(buf.buf, &onto_oid)) {
                strbuf_release(&buf);
                return error(_("need a HEAD to fixup"));
        }
        strbuf_release(&buf);

        fd = open(todo_file, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0) {
                return error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file);
        }
        if (strbuf_read(&todo_list.buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
                close(fd);
                return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);
        }
        close(fd);
        if (parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list) < 0) {
                todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                return -1;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < todo_list.nr; i++) {
                struct todo_item *item = todo_list.items + i;

                if (item->command >= TODO_NOOP)
                        continue;
                if (item->command != TODO_PICK)
                        break;
                if (parse_commit(item->commit)) {
                        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                        return error(_("could not parse commit '%s'"),
                                oid_to_hex(&item->commit->object.oid));
                }
                if (!item->commit->parents)
                        break; /* root commit */
                if (item->commit->parents->next)
                        break; /* merge commit */
                parent_oid = &item->commit->parents->item->object.oid;
                if (hashcmp(parent_oid->hash, oid->hash))
                        break;
                oid = &item->commit->object.oid;
        }
        if (i > 0) {
                int offset = i < todo_list.nr ?
                        todo_list.items[i].offset_in_buf : todo_list.buf.len;
                const char *done_path = rebase_path_done();

                fd = open(done_path, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_APPEND, 0666);
                if (fd < 0) {
                        error_errno(_("could not open '%s' for writing"),
                                    done_path);
                        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                        return -1;
                }
                if (write_in_full(fd, todo_list.buf.buf, offset) < 0) {
                        error_errno(_("could not write to '%s'"), done_path);
                        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                        close(fd);
                        return -1;
                }
                close(fd);

                if (rewrite_file(rebase_path_todo(), todo_list.buf.buf + offset,
                                 todo_list.buf.len - offset) < 0) {
                        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                        return -1;
                }

                todo_list.current = i;
                if (is_fixup(peek_command(&todo_list, 0)))
                        record_in_rewritten(oid, peek_command(&todo_list, 0));
        }

        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
        printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));

        return 0;
}

struct subject2item_entry {
        struct hashmap_entry entry;
        int i;
        char subject[FLEX_ARRAY];
};

static int subject2item_cmp(const void *fndata,
                            const struct subject2item_entry *a,
                            const struct subject2item_entry *b, const void *key)
{
        return key ? strcmp(a->subject, key) : strcmp(a->subject, b->subject);
}

/*
 * Rearrange the todo list that has both "pick commit-id msg" and "pick
 * commit-id fixup!/squash! msg" in it so that the latter is put immediately
 * after the former, and change "pick" to "fixup"/"squash".
 *
 * Note that if the config has specified a custom instruction format, each log
 * message will have to be retrieved from the commit (as the oneline in the
 * script cannot be trusted) in order to normalize the autosquash arrangement.
 */
int rearrange_squash(void)
{
        const char *todo_file = rebase_path_todo();
        struct todo_list todo_list = TODO_LIST_INIT;
        struct hashmap subject2item;
        int res = 0, rearranged = 0, *next, *tail, fd, i;
        char **subjects;

        fd = open(todo_file, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd < 0)
                return error_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), todo_file);
        if (strbuf_read(&todo_list.buf, fd, 0) < 0) {
                close(fd);
                return error(_("could not read '%s'."), todo_file);
        }
        close(fd);
        if (parse_insn_buffer(todo_list.buf.buf, &todo_list) < 0) {
                todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                return -1;
        }

        /*
         * The hashmap maps onelines to the respective todo list index.
         *
         * If any items need to be rearranged, the next[i] value will indicate
         * which item was moved directly after the i'th.
         *
         * In that case, last[i] will indicate the index of the latest item to
         * be moved to appear after the i'th.
         */
        hashmap_init(&subject2item, (hashmap_cmp_fn) subject2item_cmp,
                     NULL, todo_list.nr);
        ALLOC_ARRAY(next, todo_list.nr);
        ALLOC_ARRAY(tail, todo_list.nr);
        ALLOC_ARRAY(subjects, todo_list.nr);
        for (i = 0; i < todo_list.nr; i++) {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
                struct todo_item *item = todo_list.items + i;
                const char *commit_buffer, *subject, *p;
                size_t subject_len;
                int i2 = -1;
                struct subject2item_entry *entry;

                next[i] = tail[i] = -1;
                if (!item->commit || item->command == TODO_DROP) {
                        subjects[i] = NULL;
                        continue;
                }

                if (is_fixup(item->command)) {
                        todo_list_release(&todo_list);
                        return error(_("the script was already rearranged."));
                }

                item->commit->util = item;

                parse_commit(item->commit);
                commit_buffer = get_commit_buffer(item->commit, NULL);
                find_commit_subject(commit_buffer, &subject);
                format_subject(&buf, subject, " ");
                subject = subjects[i] = strbuf_detach(&buf, &subject_len);
                unuse_commit_buffer(item->commit, commit_buffer);
                if ((skip_prefix(subject, "fixup! ", &p) ||
                     skip_prefix(subject, "squash! ", &p))) {
                        struct commit *commit2;

                        for (;;) {
                                while (isspace(*p))
                                        p++;
                                if (!skip_prefix(p, "fixup! ", &p) &&
                                    !skip_prefix(p, "squash! ", &p))
                                        break;
                        }

                        if ((entry = hashmap_get_from_hash(&subject2item,
                                                           strhash(p), p)))
                                /* found by title */
                                i2 = entry->i;
                        else if (!strchr(p, ' ') &&
                                 (commit2 =
                                  lookup_commit_reference_by_name(p)) &&
                                 commit2->util)
                                /* found by commit name */
                                i2 = (struct todo_item *)commit2->util
                                        - todo_list.items;
                        else {
                                /* copy can be a prefix of the commit subject */
                                for (i2 = 0; i2 < i; i2++)
                                        if (subjects[i2] &&
                                            starts_with(subjects[i2], p))
                                                break;
                                if (i2 == i)
                                        i2 = -1;
                        }
                }
                if (i2 >= 0) {
                        rearranged = 1;
                        todo_list.items[i].command =
                                starts_with(subject, "fixup!") ?
                                TODO_FIXUP : TODO_SQUASH;
                        if (next[i2] < 0)
                                next[i2] = i;
                        else
                                next[tail[i2]] = i;
                        tail[i2] = i;
                } else if (!hashmap_get_from_hash(&subject2item,
                                                strhash(subject), subject)) {
                        FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(entry, subject, subject, subject_len);
                        entry->i = i;
                        hashmap_entry_init(entry, strhash(entry->subject));
                        hashmap_put(&subject2item, entry);
                }
        }

        if (rearranged) {
                struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;

                for (i = 0; i < todo_list.nr; i++) {
                        enum todo_command command = todo_list.items[i].command;
                        int cur = i;

                        /*
                         * Initially, all commands are 'pick's. If it is a
                         * fixup or a squash now, we have rearranged it.
                         */
                        if (is_fixup(command))
                                continue;

                        while (cur >= 0) {
                                int offset = todo_list.items[cur].offset_in_buf;
                                int end_offset = cur + 1 < todo_list.nr ?
                                        todo_list.items[cur + 1].offset_in_buf :
                                        todo_list.buf.len;
                                char *bol = todo_list.buf.buf + offset;
                                char *eol = todo_list.buf.buf + end_offset;

                                /* replace 'pick', by 'fixup' or 'squash' */
                                command = todo_list.items[cur].command;
                                if (is_fixup(command)) {
                                        strbuf_addstr(&buf,
                                                todo_command_info[command].str);
                                        bol += strcspn(bol, " \t");
                                }

                                strbuf_add(&buf, bol, eol - bol);

                                cur = next[cur];
                        }
                }

                res = rewrite_file(todo_file, buf.buf, buf.len);
                strbuf_release(&buf);
        }

        free(next);
        free(tail);
        for (i = 0; i < todo_list.nr; i++)
                free(subjects[i]);
        free(subjects);
        hashmap_free(&subject2item, 1);
        todo_list_release(&todo_list);

        return res;
}