1git-pull(1) 2=========== 3 4NAME 5---- 6git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch 7 8 9SYNOPSIS 10-------- 11[verse] 12'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] 13 14 15DESCRIPTION 16----------- 17 18Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current 19branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for 20`git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`. 21 22More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given 23parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch 24heads into the current branch. 25With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'. 26 27<repository> should be the name of a remote repository as 28passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an 29arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even 30a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches 31(e.g., refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/remotes/origin/{asterisk}), 32but usually it is the name of a branch in the remote repository. 33 34Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the 35"remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch 36as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`. 37 38Assume the following history exists and the current branch is 39"`master`": 40 41------------ 42 A---B---C master on origin 43 / 44 D---E---F---G master 45------------ 46 47Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote 48`master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`) 49until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the 50result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits 51and a log message from the user describing the changes. 52 53------------ 54 A---B---C remotes/origin/master 55 / \ 56 D---E---F---G---H master 57------------ 58 59See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts 60are presented and handled. 61 62In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use 63`git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull' 64with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you 65in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict. 66 67If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes, 68the merge will be automatically cancelled and the work tree untouched. 69It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before 70pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1]. 71 72OPTIONS 73------- 74 75Options meant for 'git pull' itself and the underlying 'git merge' 76must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'. 77 78-q:: 79--quiet:: 80 This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of 81 during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during 82 merging. 83 84-v:: 85--verbose:: 86 Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge. 87 88--[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]:: 89 This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should 90 be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]). 91 That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule 92 commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a 93 merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update" 94 has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the 95 merge result. 96 97Options related to merging 98~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 99 100include::merge-options.txt[] 101 102:git-pull: 1 103 104-r:: 105--rebase:: 106 Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after 107 fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to 108 the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last 109 fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing 110 non-local changes. 111+ 112See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in 113linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use 114`--rebase` instead of merging. 115+ 116[NOTE] 117This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation. 118It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you 119published that history already. Do *not* use this option 120unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully. 121 122--no-rebase:: 123 Override earlier --rebase. 124 125Options related to fetching 126~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 127 128include::fetch-options.txt[] 129 130include::pull-fetch-param.txt[] 131 132include::urls-remotes.txt[] 133 134include::merge-strategies.txt[] 135 136DEFAULT BEHAVIOUR 137----------------- 138 139Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter. 140Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull 141origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is 142present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of 143`origin`. 144 145In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value 146of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted 147and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line 148in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used. 149 150In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and 151optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is 152run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values 153of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are 154consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` 155file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used. 156In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS 157section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this: 158 159------------ 160refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* 161------------ 162 163A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store 164what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS 165must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote 166branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in 167`refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name. 168 169The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after 170fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward 171compatibility. 172 173If explicit refspecs were given on the command 174line of `git pull`, they are all merged. 175 176When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull` 177uses the refspec from the configuration or 178`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following 179rules apply: 180 181. If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current 182 branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the 183 remote site that is merged. 184 185. If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged. 186 187. Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged. 188 189 190EXAMPLES 191-------- 192 193* Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository 194 you cloned from, then merge one of them into your 195 current branch: 196+ 197------------------------------------------------ 198$ git pull, git pull origin 199------------------------------------------------ 200+ 201Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository, 202but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and 203branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details. 204 205* Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`: 206+ 207------------------------------------------------ 208$ git pull origin next 209------------------------------------------------ 210+ 211This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but 212does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking 213branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge: 214+ 215------------------------------------------------ 216$ git fetch origin 217$ git merge origin/next 218------------------------------------------------ 219 220 221If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and 222would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'. 223 224 225BUGS 226---- 227Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked 228out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the 229just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be 230fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without 231having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git 232version. 233 234SEE ALSO 235-------- 236linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1] 237 238GIT 239--- 240Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite