#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# Copyright 2002,2005 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
# Copyright 2005 Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
#
# GPL v2 (See COPYING)
#
# Ported to support git "mbox" format files by Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
#
# Sends a collection of emails to the given email addresses, disturbingly fast.
#
# Supports two formats:
# 1. mbox format files (ignoring most headers and MIME formatting - this is designed for sending patches)
# 2. The original format support by Greg's script:
#    first line of the message is who to CC,
#    and second line is the subject of the message.
#

use 5.008;
use strict;
use warnings;
use POSIX qw/strftime/;
use Term::ReadLine;
use Getopt::Long;
use Text::ParseWords;
use Term::ANSIColor;
use File::Temp qw/ tempdir tempfile /;
use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
use Git::LoadCPAN::Error qw(:try);
use Cwd qw(abs_path cwd);
use Git;
use Git::I18N;
use Net::Domain ();
use Net::SMTP ();
use Git::LoadCPAN::Mail::Address;

Getopt::Long::Configure qw/ pass_through /;

package FakeTerm;
sub new {
        my ($class, $reason) = @_;
        return bless \$reason, shift;
}
sub readline {
        my $self = shift;
        die "Cannot use readline on FakeTerm: $$self";
}
package main;


sub usage {
        print <<EOT;
git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
git send-email --dump-aliases

  Composing:
    --from                  <str>  * Email From:
    --[no-]to               <str>  * Email To:
    --[no-]cc               <str>  * Email Cc:
    --[no-]bcc              <str>  * Email Bcc:
    --subject               <str>  * Email "Subject:"
    --reply-to              <str>  * Email "Reply-To:"
    --in-reply-to           <str>  * Email "In-Reply-To:"
    --[no-]xmailer                 * Add "X-Mailer:" header (default).
    --[no-]annotate                * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
    --compose                      * Open an editor for introduction.
    --compose-encoding      <str>  * Encoding to assume for introduction.
    --8bit-encoding         <str>  * Encoding to assume 8bit mails if undeclared
    --transfer-encoding     <str>  * Transfer encoding to use (quoted-printable, 8bit, base64)

  Sending:
    --envelope-sender       <str>  * Email envelope sender.
    --smtp-server       <str:int>  * Outgoing SMTP server to use. The port
                                     is optional. Default 'localhost'.
    --smtp-server-option    <str>  * Outgoing SMTP server option to use.
    --smtp-server-port      <int>  * Outgoing SMTP server port.
    --smtp-user             <str>  * Username for SMTP-AUTH.
    --smtp-pass             <str>  * Password for SMTP-AUTH; not necessary.
    --smtp-encryption       <str>  * tls or ssl; anything else disables.
    --smtp-ssl                     * Deprecated. Use '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
    --smtp-ssl-cert-path    <str>  * Path to ca-certificates (either directory or file).
                                     Pass an empty string to disable certificate
                                     verification.
    --smtp-domain           <str>  * The domain name sent to HELO/EHLO handshake
    --smtp-auth             <str>  * Space-separated list of allowed AUTH mechanisms.
                                     This setting forces to use one of the listed mechanisms.
    --smtp-debug            <0|1>  * Disable, enable Net::SMTP debug.

    --batch-size            <int>  * send max <int> message per connection.
    --relogin-delay         <int>  * delay <int> seconds between two successive login.
                                     This option can only be used with --batch-size

  Automating:
    --identity              <str>  * Use the sendemail.<id> options.
    --to-cmd                <str>  * Email To: via `<str> \$patch_path`
    --cc-cmd                <str>  * Email Cc: via `<str> \$patch_path`
    --suppress-cc           <str>  * author, self, sob, cc, cccmd, body, bodycc, all.
    --[no-]cc-cover                * Email Cc: addresses in the cover letter.
    --[no-]to-cover                * Email To: addresses in the cover letter.
    --[no-]signed-off-by-cc        * Send to Signed-off-by: addresses. Default on.
    --[no-]suppress-from           * Send to self. Default off.
    --[no-]chain-reply-to          * Chain In-Reply-To: fields. Default off.
    --[no-]thread                  * Use In-Reply-To: field. Default on.

  Administering:
    --confirm               <str>  * Confirm recipients before sending;
                                     auto, cc, compose, always, or never.
    --quiet                        * Output one line of info per email.
    --dry-run                      * Don't actually send the emails.
    --[no-]validate                * Perform patch sanity checks. Default on.
    --[no-]format-patch            * understand any non optional arguments as
                                     `git format-patch` ones.
    --force                        * Send even if safety checks would prevent it.

  Information:
    --dump-aliases                 * Dump configured aliases and exit.

EOT
        exit(1);
}

# most mail servers generate the Date: header, but not all...
sub format_2822_time {
        my ($time) = @_;
        my @localtm = localtime($time);
        my @gmttm = gmtime($time);
        my $localmin = $localtm[1] + $localtm[2] * 60;
        my $gmtmin = $gmttm[1] + $gmttm[2] * 60;
        if ($localtm[0] != $gmttm[0]) {
                die __("local zone differs from GMT by a non-minute interval\n");
        }
        if ((($gmttm[6] + 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
                $localmin += 1440;
        } elsif ((($gmttm[6] - 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
                $localmin -= 1440;
        } elsif ($gmttm[6] != $localtm[6]) {
                die __("local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n");
        }
        my $offset = $localmin - $gmtmin;
        my $offhour = $offset / 60;
        my $offmin = abs($offset % 60);
        if (abs($offhour) >= 24) {
                die __("local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n");
        }

        return sprintf("%s, %2d %s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %s%02d%02d",
                       qw(Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat)[$localtm[6]],
                       $localtm[3],
                       qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
                          Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec)[$localtm[4]],
                       $localtm[5]+1900,
                       $localtm[2],
                       $localtm[1],
                       $localtm[0],
                       ($offset >= 0) ? '+' : '-',
                       abs($offhour),
                       $offmin,
                       );
}

my $have_email_valid = eval { require Email::Valid; 1 };
my $smtp;
my $auth;
my $num_sent = 0;

# Regexes for RFC 2047 productions.
my $re_token = qr/[^][()<>@,;:\\"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
my $re_encoded_text = qr/[^? \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
my $re_encoded_word = qr/=\?($re_token)\?($re_token)\?($re_encoded_text)\?=/;

# Variables we fill in automatically, or via prompting:
my (@to,$no_to,@initial_to,@cc,$no_cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,$no_bcc,@xh,
        $initial_in_reply_to,$reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,
        $author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$use_xmailer,$compose,$time);

my $envelope_sender;

# Example reply to:
#$initial_in_reply_to = ''; #<20050203173208.GA23964@foobar.com>';

my $repo = eval { Git->repository() };
my @repo = $repo ? ($repo) : ();
my $term = eval {
        $ENV{"GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY"}
                ? new Term::ReadLine 'git-send-email', \*STDIN, \*STDOUT
                : new Term::ReadLine 'git-send-email';
};
if ($@) {
        $term = new FakeTerm "$@: going non-interactive";
}

# Behavior modification variables
my ($quiet, $dry_run) = (0, 0);
my $format_patch;
my $compose_filename;
my $force = 0;
my $dump_aliases = 0;

# Handle interactive edition of files.
my $multiedit;
my $editor;

sub do_edit {
        if (!defined($editor)) {
                $editor = Git::command_oneline('var', 'GIT_EDITOR');
        }
        if (defined($multiedit) && !$multiedit) {
                map {
                        system('sh', '-c', $editor.' "$@"', $editor, $_);
                        if (($? & 127) || ($? >> 8)) {
                                die(__("the editor exited uncleanly, aborting everything"));
                        }
                } @_;
        } else {
                system('sh', '-c', $editor.' "$@"', $editor, @_);
                if (($? & 127) || ($? >> 8)) {
                        die(__("the editor exited uncleanly, aborting everything"));
                }
        }
}

# Variables with corresponding config settings
my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc);
my ($cover_cc, $cover_to);
my ($to_cmd, $cc_cmd);
my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, @smtp_server_options);
my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption, $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
my ($batch_size, $relogin_delay);
my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain, $smtp_auth);
my ($validate, $confirm);
my (@suppress_cc);
my ($auto_8bit_encoding);
my ($compose_encoding);
my ($target_xfer_encoding);

my ($debug_net_smtp) = 0;               # Net::SMTP, see send_message()

my %config_bool_settings = (
    "thread" => [\$thread, 1],
    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, 0],
    "suppressfrom" => [\$suppress_from, undef],
    "signedoffbycc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],
    "cccover" => [\$cover_cc, undef],
    "tocover" => [\$cover_to, undef],
    "signedoffcc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],      # Deprecated
    "validate" => [\$validate, 1],
    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef],
    "annotate" => [\$annotate, undef],
    "xmailer" => [\$use_xmailer, 1]
);

my %config_settings = (
    "smtpserver" => \$smtp_server,
    "smtpserverport" => \$smtp_server_port,
    "smtpserveroption" => \@smtp_server_options,
    "smtpuser" => \$smtp_authuser,
    "smtppass" => \$smtp_authpass,
    "smtpdomain" => \$smtp_domain,
    "smtpauth" => \$smtp_auth,
    "smtpbatchsize" => \$batch_size,
    "smtprelogindelay" => \$relogin_delay,
    "to" => \@initial_to,
    "tocmd" => \$to_cmd,
    "cc" => \@initial_cc,
    "cccmd" => \$cc_cmd,
    "aliasfiletype" => \$aliasfiletype,
    "bcc" => \@bcclist,
    "suppresscc" => \@suppress_cc,
    "envelopesender" => \$envelope_sender,
    "confirm"   => \$confirm,
    "from" => \$sender,
    "assume8bitencoding" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
    "composeencoding" => \$compose_encoding,
    "transferencoding" => \$target_xfer_encoding,
);

my %config_path_settings = (
    "aliasesfile" => \@alias_files,
    "smtpsslcertpath" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
);

# Handle Uncouth Termination
sub signal_handler {

        # Make text normal
        print color("reset"), "\n";

        # SMTP password masked
        system "stty echo";

        # tmp files from --compose
        if (defined $compose_filename) {
                if (-e $compose_filename) {
                        printf __("'%s' contains an intermediate version ".
                                  "of the email you were composing.\n"),
                                  $compose_filename;
                }
                if (-e ($compose_filename . ".final")) {
                        printf __("'%s.final' contains the composed email.\n"),
                                  $compose_filename;
                }
        }

        exit;
};

$SIG{TERM} = \&signal_handler;
$SIG{INT}  = \&signal_handler;

# Begin by accumulating all the variables (defined above), that we will end up
# needing, first, from the command line:

my $help;
my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
                    "dump-aliases" => \$dump_aliases);
usage() unless $rc;
die __("--dump-aliases incompatible with other options\n")
    if !$help and $dump_aliases and @ARGV;
$rc = GetOptions(
                    "sender|from=s" => \$sender,
                    "in-reply-to=s" => \$initial_in_reply_to,
                    "reply-to=s" => \$reply_to,
                    "subject=s" => \$initial_subject,
                    "to=s" => \@initial_to,
                    "to-cmd=s" => \$to_cmd,
                    "no-to" => \$no_to,
                    "cc=s" => \@initial_cc,
                    "no-cc" => \$no_cc,
                    "bcc=s" => \@bcclist,
                    "no-bcc" => \$no_bcc,
                    "chain-reply-to!" => \$chain_reply_to,
                    "no-chain-reply-to" => sub {$chain_reply_to = 0},
                    "smtp-server=s" => \$smtp_server,
                    "smtp-server-option=s" => \@smtp_server_options,
                    "smtp-server-port=s" => \$smtp_server_port,
                    "smtp-user=s" => \$smtp_authuser,
                    "smtp-pass:s" => \$smtp_authpass,
                    "smtp-ssl" => sub { $smtp_encryption = 'ssl' },
                    "smtp-encryption=s" => \$smtp_encryption,
                    "smtp-ssl-cert-path=s" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
                    "smtp-debug:i" => \$debug_net_smtp,
                    "smtp-domain:s" => \$smtp_domain,
                    "smtp-auth=s" => \$smtp_auth,
                    "identity=s" => \$identity,
                    "annotate!" => \$annotate,
                    "no-annotate" => sub {$annotate = 0},
                    "compose" => \$compose,
                    "quiet" => \$quiet,
                    "cc-cmd=s" => \$cc_cmd,
                    "suppress-from!" => \$suppress_from,
                    "no-suppress-from" => sub {$suppress_from = 0},
                    "suppress-cc=s" => \@suppress_cc,
                    "signed-off-cc|signed-off-by-cc!" => \$signed_off_by_cc,
                    "no-signed-off-cc|no-signed-off-by-cc" => sub {$signed_off_by_cc = 0},
                    "cc-cover|cc-cover!" => \$cover_cc,
                    "no-cc-cover" => sub {$cover_cc = 0},
                    "to-cover|to-cover!" => \$cover_to,
                    "no-to-cover" => sub {$cover_to = 0},
                    "confirm=s" => \$confirm,
                    "dry-run" => \$dry_run,
                    "envelope-sender=s" => \$envelope_sender,
                    "thread!" => \$thread,
                    "no-thread" => sub {$thread = 0},
                    "validate!" => \$validate,
                    "no-validate" => sub {$validate = 0},
                    "transfer-encoding=s" => \$target_xfer_encoding,
                    "format-patch!" => \$format_patch,
                    "no-format-patch" => sub {$format_patch = 0},
                    "8bit-encoding=s" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
                    "compose-encoding=s" => \$compose_encoding,
                    "force" => \$force,
                    "xmailer!" => \$use_xmailer,
                    "no-xmailer" => sub {$use_xmailer = 0},
                    "batch-size=i" => \$batch_size,
                    "relogin-delay=i" => \$relogin_delay,
         );

usage() if $help;
unless ($rc) {
    usage();
}

die __("Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n")
        if $format_patch and not $repo;

die __("`batch-size` and `relogin` must be specified together " .
        "(via command-line or configuration option)\n")
        if defined $relogin_delay and not defined $batch_size;

# Now, let's fill any that aren't set in with defaults:

sub read_config {
        my ($prefix) = @_;

        foreach my $setting (keys %config_bool_settings) {
                my $target = $config_bool_settings{$setting}->[0];
                $$target = Git::config_bool(@repo, "$prefix.$setting") unless (defined $$target);
        }

        foreach my $setting (keys %config_path_settings) {
                my $target = $config_path_settings{$setting};
                if (ref($target) eq "ARRAY") {
                        unless (@$target) {
                                my @values = Git::config_path(@repo, "$prefix.$setting");
                                @$target = @values if (@values && defined $values[0]);
                        }
                }
                else {
                        $$target = Git::config_path(@repo, "$prefix.$setting") unless (defined $$target);
                }
        }

        foreach my $setting (keys %config_settings) {
                my $target = $config_settings{$setting};
                next if $setting eq "to" and defined $no_to;
                next if $setting eq "cc" and defined $no_cc;
                next if $setting eq "bcc" and defined $no_bcc;
                if (ref($target) eq "ARRAY") {
                        unless (@$target) {
                                my @values = Git::config(@repo, "$prefix.$setting");
                                @$target = @values if (@values && defined $values[0]);
                        }
                }
                else {
                        $$target = Git::config(@repo, "$prefix.$setting") unless (defined $$target);
                }
        }

        if (!defined $smtp_encryption) {
                my $enc = Git::config(@repo, "$prefix.smtpencryption");
                if (defined $enc) {
                        $smtp_encryption = $enc;
                } elsif (Git::config_bool(@repo, "$prefix.smtpssl")) {
                        $smtp_encryption = 'ssl';
                }
        }
}

# read configuration from [sendemail "$identity"], fall back on [sendemail]
$identity = Git::config(@repo, "sendemail.identity") unless (defined $identity);
read_config("sendemail.$identity") if (defined $identity);
read_config("sendemail");

# fall back on builtin bool defaults
foreach my $setting (values %config_bool_settings) {
        ${$setting->[0]} = $setting->[1] unless (defined (${$setting->[0]}));
}

# 'default' encryption is none -- this only prevents a warning
$smtp_encryption = '' unless (defined $smtp_encryption);

# Set CC suppressions
my(%suppress_cc);
if (@suppress_cc) {
        foreach my $entry (@suppress_cc) {
                die sprintf(__("Unknown --suppress-cc field: '%s'\n"), $entry)
                        unless $entry =~ /^(?:all|cccmd|cc|author|self|sob|body|bodycc)$/;
                $suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
        }
}

if ($suppress_cc{'all'}) {
        foreach my $entry (qw (cccmd cc author self sob body bodycc)) {
                $suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
        }
        delete $suppress_cc{'all'};
}

# If explicit old-style ones are specified, they trump --suppress-cc.
$suppress_cc{'self'} = $suppress_from if defined $suppress_from;
$suppress_cc{'sob'} = !$signed_off_by_cc if defined $signed_off_by_cc;

if ($suppress_cc{'body'}) {
        foreach my $entry (qw (sob bodycc)) {
                $suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
        }
        delete $suppress_cc{'body'};
}

# Set confirm's default value
my $confirm_unconfigured = !defined $confirm;
if ($confirm_unconfigured) {
        $confirm = scalar %suppress_cc ? 'compose' : 'auto';
};
die sprintf(__("Unknown --confirm setting: '%s'\n"), $confirm)
        unless $confirm =~ /^(?:auto|cc|compose|always|never)/;

# Debugging, print out the suppressions.
if (0) {
        print "suppressions:\n";
        foreach my $entry (keys %suppress_cc) {
                printf "  %-5s -> $suppress_cc{$entry}\n", $entry;
        }
}

my ($repoauthor, $repocommitter);
($repoauthor) = Git::ident_person(@repo, 'author');
($repocommitter) = Git::ident_person(@repo, 'committer');

sub parse_address_line {
        return map { $_->format } Mail::Address->parse($_[0]);
}

sub split_addrs {
        return quotewords('\s*,\s*', 1, @_);
}

my %aliases;

sub parse_sendmail_alias {
        local $_ = shift;
        if (/"/) {
                printf STDERR __("warning: sendmail alias with quotes is not supported: %s\n"), $_;
        } elsif (/:include:/) {
                printf STDERR __("warning: `:include:` not supported: %s\n"), $_;
        } elsif (/[\/|]/) {
                printf STDERR __("warning: `/file` or `|pipe` redirection not supported: %s\n"), $_;
        } elsif (/^(\S+?)\s*:\s*(.+)$/) {
                my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
                $aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
        } else {
                printf STDERR __("warning: sendmail line is not recognized: %s\n"), $_;
        }
}

sub parse_sendmail_aliases {
        my $fh = shift;
        my $s = '';
        while (<$fh>) {
                chomp;
                next if /^\s*$/ || /^\s*#/;
                $s .= $_, next if $s =~ s/\\$// || s/^\s+//;
                parse_sendmail_alias($s) if $s;
                $s = $_;
        }
        $s =~ s/\\$//; # silently tolerate stray '\' on last line
        parse_sendmail_alias($s) if $s;
}

my %parse_alias = (
        # multiline formats can be supported in the future
        mutt => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
                if (/^\s*alias\s+(?:-group\s+\S+\s+)*(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
                        my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
                        $addr =~ s/#.*$//; # mutt allows # comments
                        # commas delimit multiple addresses
                        my @addr = split_addrs($addr);

                        # quotes may be escaped in the file,
                        # unescape them so we do not double-escape them later.
                        s/\\"/"/g foreach @addr;
                        $aliases{$alias} = \@addr
                }}},
        mailrc => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
                if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*?)\s*$/) {
                        # spaces delimit multiple addresses
                        $aliases{$1} = [ quotewords('\s+', 0, $2) ];
                }}},
        pine => sub { my $fh = shift; my $f='\t[^\t]*';
                for (my $x = ''; defined($x); $x = $_) {
                        chomp $x;
                        $x .= $1 while(defined($_ = <$fh>) && /^ +(.*)$/);
                        $x =~ /^(\S+)$f\t\(?([^\t]+?)\)?(:?$f){0,2}$/ or next;
                        $aliases{$1} = [ split_addrs($2) ];
                }},
        elm => sub  { my $fh = shift;
                      while (<$fh>) {
                          if (/^(\S+)\s+=\s+[^=]+=\s(\S+)/) {
                              my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
                               $aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
                          }
                      } },
        sendmail => \&parse_sendmail_aliases,
        gnus => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
                if (/\(define-mail-alias\s+"(\S+?)"\s+"(\S+?)"\)/) {
                        $aliases{$1} = [ $2 ];
                }}}
);

if (@alias_files and $aliasfiletype and defined $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}) {
        foreach my $file (@alias_files) {
                open my $fh, '<', $file or die "opening $file: $!\n";
                $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}->($fh);
                close $fh;
        }
}

if ($dump_aliases) {
    print "$_\n" for (sort keys %aliases);
    exit(0);
}

# is_format_patch_arg($f) returns 0 if $f names a patch, or 1 if
# $f is a revision list specification to be passed to format-patch.
sub is_format_patch_arg {
        return unless $repo;
        my $f = shift;
        try {
                $repo->command('rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', $f);
                if (defined($format_patch)) {
                        return $format_patch;
                }
                die sprintf(__ <<EOF, $f, $f);
File '%s' exists but it could also be the range of commits
to produce patches for.  Please disambiguate by...

    * Saying "./%s" if you mean a file; or
    * Giving --format-patch option if you mean a range.
EOF
        } catch Git::Error::Command with {
                # Not a valid revision.  Treat it as a filename.
                return 0;
        }
}

# Now that all the defaults are set, process the rest of the command line
# arguments and collect up the files that need to be processed.
my @rev_list_opts;
while (defined(my $f = shift @ARGV)) {
        if ($f eq "--") {
                push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
                @ARGV = ();
        } elsif (-d $f and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
                opendir my $dh, $f
                        or die sprintf(__("Failed to opendir %s: %s"), $f, $!);

                push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { catfile($f, $_) }
                                sort readdir $dh;
                closedir $dh;
        } elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
                push @files, $f;
        } else {
                push @rev_list_opts, $f;
        }
}

if (@rev_list_opts) {
        die __("Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n")
                unless $repo;
        push @files, $repo->command('format-patch', '-o', tempdir(CLEANUP => 1), @rev_list_opts);
}

@files = handle_backup_files(@files);

if ($validate) {
        foreach my $f (@files) {
                unless (-p $f) {
                        my $error = validate_patch($f);
                        $error and die sprintf(__("fatal: %s: %s\nwarning: no patches were sent\n"),
                                                  $f, $error);
                }
        }
}

if (@files) {
        unless ($quiet) {
                print $_,"\n" for (@files);
        }
} else {
        print STDERR __("\nNo patch files specified!\n\n");
        usage();
}

sub get_patch_subject {
        my $fn = shift;
        open (my $fh, '<', $fn);
        while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                next unless ($line =~ /^Subject: (.*)$/);
                close $fh;
                return "GIT: $1\n";
        }
        close $fh;
        die sprintf(__("No subject line in %s?"), $fn);
}

if ($compose) {
        # Note that this does not need to be secure, but we will make a small
        # effort to have it be unique
        $compose_filename = ($repo ?
                tempfile(".gitsendemail.msg.XXXXXX", DIR => $repo->repo_path()) :
                tempfile(".gitsendemail.msg.XXXXXX", DIR => "."))[1];
        open my $c, ">", $compose_filename
                or die sprintf(__("Failed to open for writing %s: %s"), $compose_filename, $!);


        my $tpl_sender = $sender || $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
        my $tpl_subject = $initial_subject || '';
        my $tpl_in_reply_to = $initial_in_reply_to || '';
        my $tpl_reply_to = $reply_to || '';

        print $c <<EOT1, Git::prefix_lines("GIT: ", __ <<EOT2), <<EOT3;
From $tpl_sender # This line is ignored.
EOT1
Lines beginning in "GIT:" will be removed.
Consider including an overall diffstat or table of contents
for the patch you are writing.

Clear the body content if you don't wish to send a summary.
EOT2
From: $tpl_sender
Reply-To: $tpl_reply_to
Subject: $tpl_subject
In-Reply-To: $tpl_in_reply_to

EOT3
        for my $f (@files) {
                print $c get_patch_subject($f);
        }
        close $c;

        if ($annotate) {
                do_edit($compose_filename, @files);
        } else {
                do_edit($compose_filename);
        }

        open $c, "<", $compose_filename
                or die sprintf(__("Failed to open %s: %s"), $compose_filename, $!);

        if (!defined $compose_encoding) {
                $compose_encoding = "UTF-8";
        }

        my %parsed_email;
        while (my $line = <$c>) {
                next if $line =~ m/^GIT:/;
                parse_header_line($line, \%parsed_email);
                if ($line =~ /^$/) {
                        $parsed_email{'body'} = filter_body($c);
                }
        }
        close $c;

        open my $c2, ">", $compose_filename . ".final"
        or die sprintf(__("Failed to open %s.final: %s"), $compose_filename, $!);


        if ($parsed_email{'From'}) {
                $sender = delete($parsed_email{'From'});
        }
        if ($parsed_email{'In-Reply-To'}) {
                $initial_in_reply_to = delete($parsed_email{'In-Reply-To'});
        }
        if ($parsed_email{'Reply-To'}) {
                $reply_to = delete($parsed_email{'Reply-To'});
        }
        if ($parsed_email{'Subject'}) {
                $initial_subject = delete($parsed_email{'Subject'});
                print $c2 "Subject: " .
                        quote_subject($initial_subject, $compose_encoding) .
                        "\n";
        }

        if ($parsed_email{'MIME-Version'}) {
                print $c2 "MIME-Version: $parsed_email{'MIME-Version'}\n",
                                "Content-Type: $parsed_email{'Content-Type'};\n",
                                "Content-Transfer-Encoding: $parsed_email{'Content-Transfer-Encoding'}\n";
                delete($parsed_email{'MIME-Version'});
                delete($parsed_email{'Content-Type'});
                delete($parsed_email{'Content-Transfer-Encoding'});
        } elsif (file_has_nonascii($compose_filename)) {
                my $content_type = (delete($parsed_email{'Content-Type'}) or
                        "text/plain; charset=$compose_encoding");
                print $c2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
                        "Content-Type: $content_type\n",
                        "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
        }
        # Preserve unknown headers
        foreach my $key (keys %parsed_email) {
                next if $key eq 'body';
                print $c2 "$key: $parsed_email{$key}";
        }

        if ($parsed_email{'body'}) {
                print $c2 "\n$parsed_email{'body'}\n";
                delete($parsed_email{'body'});
        } else {
                print __("Summary email is empty, skipping it\n");
                $compose = -1;
        }

        close $c2;

} elsif ($annotate) {
        do_edit(@files);
}

sub ask {
        my ($prompt, %arg) = @_;
        my $valid_re = $arg{valid_re};
        my $default = $arg{default};
        my $confirm_only = $arg{confirm_only};
        my $resp;
        my $i = 0;
        return defined $default ? $default : undef
                unless defined $term->IN and defined fileno($term->IN) and
                       defined $term->OUT and defined fileno($term->OUT);
        while ($i++ < 10) {
                $resp = $term->readline($prompt);
                if (!defined $resp) { # EOF
                        print "\n";
                        return defined $default ? $default : undef;
                }
                if ($resp eq '' and defined $default) {
                        return $default;
                }
                if (!defined $valid_re or $resp =~ /$valid_re/) {
                        return $resp;
                }
                if ($confirm_only) {
                        my $yesno = $term->readline(
                                # TRANSLATORS: please keep [y/N] as is.
                                sprintf(__("Are you sure you want to use <%s> [y/N]? "), $resp));
                        if (defined $yesno && $yesno =~ /y/i) {
                                return $resp;
                        }
                }
        }
        return;
}

sub parse_header_line {
        my $lines = shift;
        my $parsed_line = shift;
        my $addr_pat = join "|", qw(To Cc Bcc);

        foreach (split(/\n/, $lines)) {
                if (/^($addr_pat):\s*(.+)$/i) {
                        $parsed_line->{$1} = [ parse_address_line($2) ];
                } elsif (/^([^:]*):\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
                        $parsed_line->{$1} = $2;
                }
        }
}

sub filter_body {
        my $c = shift;
        my $body = "";
        while (my $body_line = <$c>) {
                if ($body_line !~ m/^GIT:/) {
                        $body .= $body_line;
                }
        }
        return $body;
}


my %broken_encoding;

sub file_declares_8bit_cte {
        my $fn = shift;
        open (my $fh, '<', $fn);
        while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                last if ($line =~ /^$/);
                return 1 if ($line =~ /^Content-Transfer-Encoding: .*8bit.*$/);
        }
        close $fh;
        return 0;
}

foreach my $f (@files) {
        next unless (body_or_subject_has_nonascii($f)
                     && !file_declares_8bit_cte($f));
        $broken_encoding{$f} = 1;
}

if (!defined $auto_8bit_encoding && scalar %broken_encoding) {
        print __("The following files are 8bit, but do not declare " .
                 "a Content-Transfer-Encoding.\n");
        foreach my $f (sort keys %broken_encoding) {
                print "    $f\n";
        }
        $auto_8bit_encoding = ask(__("Which 8bit encoding should I declare [UTF-8]? "),
                                  valid_re => qr/.{4}/, confirm_only => 1,
                                  default => "UTF-8");
}

if (!$force) {
        for my $f (@files) {
                if (get_patch_subject($f) =~ /\Q*** SUBJECT HERE ***\E/) {
                        die sprintf(__("Refusing to send because the patch\n\t%s\n"
                                . "has the template subject '*** SUBJECT HERE ***'. "
                                . "Pass --force if you really want to send.\n"), $f);
                }
        }
}

if (defined $sender) {
        $sender =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
        ($sender) = expand_aliases($sender);
} else {
        $sender = $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
}

# $sender could be an already sanitized address
# (e.g. sendemail.from could be manually sanitized by user).
# But it's a no-op to run sanitize_address on an already sanitized address.
$sender = sanitize_address($sender);

my $to_whom = __("To whom should the emails be sent (if anyone)?");
my $prompting = 0;
if (!@initial_to && !defined $to_cmd) {
        my $to = ask("$to_whom ",
                     default => "",
                     valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
        push @initial_to, parse_address_line($to) if defined $to; # sanitized/validated later
        $prompting++;
}

sub expand_aliases {
        return map { expand_one_alias($_) } @_;
}

my %EXPANDED_ALIASES;
sub expand_one_alias {
        my $alias = shift;
        if ($EXPANDED_ALIASES{$alias}) {
                die sprintf(__("fatal: alias '%s' expands to itself\n"), $alias);
        }
        local $EXPANDED_ALIASES{$alias} = 1;
        return $aliases{$alias} ? expand_aliases(@{$aliases{$alias}}) : $alias;
}

@initial_to = process_address_list(@initial_to);
@initial_cc = process_address_list(@initial_cc);
@bcclist = process_address_list(@bcclist);

if ($thread && !defined $initial_in_reply_to && $prompting) {
        $initial_in_reply_to = ask(
                __("Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email (if any)? "),
                default => "",
                valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
}
if (defined $initial_in_reply_to) {
        $initial_in_reply_to =~ s/^\s*<?//;
        $initial_in_reply_to =~ s/>?\s*$//;
        $initial_in_reply_to = "<$initial_in_reply_to>" if $initial_in_reply_to ne '';
}

if (defined $reply_to) {
        $reply_to =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
        ($reply_to) = expand_aliases($reply_to);
        $reply_to = sanitize_address($reply_to);
}

if (!defined $smtp_server) {
        my @sendmail_paths = qw( /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail );
        push @sendmail_paths, map {"$_/sendmail"} split /:/, $ENV{PATH};
        foreach (@sendmail_paths) {
                if (-x $_) {
                        $smtp_server = $_;
                        last;
                }
        }
        $smtp_server ||= 'localhost'; # could be 127.0.0.1, too... *shrug*
}

if ($compose && $compose > 0) {
        @files = ($compose_filename . ".final", @files);
}

# Variables we set as part of the loop over files
our ($message_id, %mail, $subject, $in_reply_to, $references, $message,
        $needs_confirm, $message_num, $ask_default);

sub extract_valid_address {
        my $address = shift;
        my $local_part_regexp = qr/[^<>"\s@]+/;
        my $domain_regexp = qr/[^.<>"\s@]+(?:\.[^.<>"\s@]+)+/;

        # check for a local address:
        return $address if ($address =~ /^($local_part_regexp)$/);

        $address =~ s/^\s*<(.*)>\s*$/$1/;
        if ($have_email_valid) {
                return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
        }

        # less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
        # but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
        return $1 if $address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
        return;
}

sub extract_valid_address_or_die {
        my $address = shift;
        $address = extract_valid_address($address);
        die sprintf(__("error: unable to extract a valid address from: %s\n"), $address)
                if !$address;
        return $address;
}

sub validate_address {
        my $address = shift;
        while (!extract_valid_address($address)) {
                printf STDERR __("error: unable to extract a valid address from: %s\n"), $address;
                # TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [q] [d] [e] in your
                # translation. The program will only accept English input
                # at this point.
                $_ = ask(__("What to do with this address? ([q]uit|[d]rop|[e]dit): "),
                        valid_re => qr/^(?:quit|q|drop|d|edit|e)/i,
                        default => 'q');
                if (/^d/i) {
                        return undef;
                } elsif (/^q/i) {
                        cleanup_compose_files();
                        exit(0);
                }
                $address = ask("$to_whom ",
                        default => "",
                        valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
        }
        return $address;
}

sub validate_address_list {
        return (grep { defined $_ }
                map { validate_address($_) } @_);
}

# Usually don't need to change anything below here.

# we make a "fake" message id by taking the current number
# of seconds since the beginning of Unix time and tacking on
# a random number to the end, in case we are called quicker than
# 1 second since the last time we were called.

# We'll setup a template for the message id, using the "from" address:

my ($message_id_stamp, $message_id_serial);
sub make_message_id {
        my $uniq;
        if (!defined $message_id_stamp) {
                $message_id_stamp = strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S.$$", gmtime(time));
                $message_id_serial = 0;
        }
        $message_id_serial++;
        $uniq = "$message_id_stamp-$message_id_serial";

        my $du_part;
        for ($sender, $repocommitter, $repoauthor) {
                $du_part = extract_valid_address(sanitize_address($_));
                last if (defined $du_part and $du_part ne '');
        }
        if (not defined $du_part or $du_part eq '') {
                require Sys::Hostname;
                $du_part = 'user@' . Sys::Hostname::hostname();
        }
        my $message_id_template = "<%s-%s>";
        $message_id = sprintf($message_id_template, $uniq, $du_part);
        #print "new message id = $message_id\n"; # Was useful for debugging
}



$time = time - scalar $#files;

sub unquote_rfc2047 {
        local ($_) = @_;
        my $charset;
        my $sep = qr/[ \t]+/;
        s{$re_encoded_word(?:$sep$re_encoded_word)*}{
                my @words = split $sep, $&;
                foreach (@words) {
                        m/$re_encoded_word/;
                        $charset = $1;
                        my $encoding = $2;
                        my $text = $3;
                        if ($encoding eq 'q' || $encoding eq 'Q') {
                                $_ = $text;
                                s/_/ /g;
                                s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/egi;
                        } else {
                                # other encodings not supported yet
                        }
                }
                join '', @words;
        }eg;
        return wantarray ? ($_, $charset) : $_;
}

sub quote_rfc2047 {
        local $_ = shift;
        my $encoding = shift || 'UTF-8';
        s/([^-a-zA-Z0-9!*+\/])/sprintf("=%02X", ord($1))/eg;
        s/(.*)/=\?$encoding\?q\?$1\?=/;
        return $_;
}

sub is_rfc2047_quoted {
        my $s = shift;
        length($s) <= 75 &&
        $s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|$re_encoded_word)$/o;
}

sub subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting {
        my $s = shift;

        return ($s =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) || ($s =~ /=\?/);
}

sub quote_subject {
        local $subject = shift;
        my $encoding = shift || 'UTF-8';

        if (subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting($subject)) {
                return quote_rfc2047($subject, $encoding);
        }
        return $subject;
}

# use the simplest quoting being able to handle the recipient
sub sanitize_address {
        my ($recipient) = @_;

        # remove garbage after email address
        $recipient =~ s/(.*>).*$/$1/;

        my ($recipient_name, $recipient_addr) = ($recipient =~ /^(.*?)\s*(<.*)/);

        if (not $recipient_name) {
                return $recipient;
        }

        # if recipient_name is already quoted, do nothing
        if (is_rfc2047_quoted($recipient_name)) {
                return $recipient;
        }

        # remove non-escaped quotes
        $recipient_name =~ s/(^|[^\\])"/$1/g;

        # rfc2047 is needed if a non-ascii char is included
        if ($recipient_name =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) {
                $recipient_name = quote_rfc2047($recipient_name);
        }

        # double quotes are needed if specials or CTLs are included
        elsif ($recipient_name =~ /[][()<>@,;:\\".\000-\037\177]/) {
                $recipient_name =~ s/([\\\r])/\\$1/g;
                $recipient_name = qq["$recipient_name"];
        }

        return "$recipient_name $recipient_addr";

}

sub strip_garbage_one_address {
        my ($addr) = @_;
        chomp $addr;
        if ($addr =~ /^(("[^"]*"|[^"<]*)? *<[^>]*>).*/) {
                # "Foo Bar" <foobar@example.com> [possibly garbage here]
                # Foo Bar <foobar@example.com> [possibly garbage here]
                return $1;
        }
        if ($addr =~ /^(<[^>]*>).*/) {
                # <foo@example.com> [possibly garbage here]
                # if garbage contains other addresses, they are ignored.
                return $1;
        }
        if ($addr =~ /^([^"#,\s]*)/) {
                # address without quoting: remove anything after the address
                return $1;
        }
        return $addr;
}

sub sanitize_address_list {
        return (map { sanitize_address($_) } @_);
}

sub process_address_list {
        my @addr_list = map { parse_address_line($_) } @_;
        @addr_list = expand_aliases(@addr_list);
        @addr_list = sanitize_address_list(@addr_list);
        @addr_list = validate_address_list(@addr_list);
        return @addr_list;
}

# Returns the local Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) if available.
#
# Tightly configured MTAa require that a caller sends a real DNS
# domain name that corresponds the IP address in the HELO/EHLO
# handshake. This is used to verify the connection and prevent
# spammers from trying to hide their identity. If the DNS and IP don't
# match, the receiveing MTA may deny the connection.
#
# Here is a deny example of Net::SMTP with the default "localhost.localdomain"
#
# Net::SMTP=GLOB(0x267ec28)>>> EHLO localhost.localdomain
# Net::SMTP=GLOB(0x267ec28)<<< 550 EHLO argument does not match calling host
#
# This maildomain*() code is based on ideas in Perl library Test::Reporter
# /usr/share/perl5/Test/Reporter/Mail/Util.pm ==> sub _maildomain ()

sub valid_fqdn {
        my $domain = shift;
        return defined $domain && !($^O eq 'darwin' && $domain =~ /\.local$/) && $domain =~ /\./;
}

sub maildomain_net {
        my $maildomain;

        my $domain = Net::Domain::domainname();
        $maildomain = $domain if valid_fqdn($domain);

        return $maildomain;
}

sub maildomain_mta {
        my $maildomain;

        for my $host (qw(mailhost localhost)) {
                my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new($host);
                if (defined $smtp) {
                        my $domain = $smtp->domain;
                        $smtp->quit;

                        $maildomain = $domain if valid_fqdn($domain);

                        last if $maildomain;
                }
        }

        return $maildomain;
}

sub maildomain {
        return maildomain_net() || maildomain_mta() || 'localhost.localdomain';
}

sub smtp_host_string {
        if (defined $smtp_server_port) {
                return "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port";
        } else {
                return $smtp_server;
        }
}

# Returns 1 if authentication succeeded or was not necessary
# (smtp_user was not specified), and 0 otherwise.

sub smtp_auth_maybe {
        if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth) {
                return 1;
        }

        # Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
        # with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
        eval {
                require Authen::SASL;
                Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
        };

        # Check mechanism naming as defined in:
        # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4422#page-8
        if ($smtp_auth && $smtp_auth !~ /^(\b[A-Z0-9-_]{1,20}\s*)*$/) {
                die "invalid smtp auth: '${smtp_auth}'";
        }

        # TODO: Authentication may fail not because credentials were
        # invalid but due to other reasons, in which we should not
        # reject credentials.
        $auth = Git::credential({
                'protocol' => 'smtp',
                'host' => smtp_host_string(),
                'username' => $smtp_authuser,
                # if there's no password, "git credential fill" will
                # give us one, otherwise it'll just pass this one.
                'password' => $smtp_authpass
        }, sub {
                my $cred = shift;

                if ($smtp_auth) {
                        my $sasl = Authen::SASL->new(
                                mechanism => $smtp_auth,
                                callback => {
                                        user => $cred->{'username'},
                                        pass => $cred->{'password'},
                                        authname => $cred->{'username'},
                                }
                        );

                        return !!$smtp->auth($sasl);
                }

                return !!$smtp->auth($cred->{'username'}, $cred->{'password'});
        });

        return $auth;
}

sub ssl_verify_params {
        eval {
                require IO::Socket::SSL;
                IO::Socket::SSL->import(qw/SSL_VERIFY_PEER SSL_VERIFY_NONE/);
        };
        if ($@) {
                print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER due to out-of-date IO::Socket::SSL.\n";
                return;
        }

        if (!defined $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
                # use the OpenSSL defaults
                return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER());
        }

        if ($smtp_ssl_cert_path eq "") {
                return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
        } elsif (-d $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
                return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
                        SSL_ca_path => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
        } elsif (-f $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
                return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
                        SSL_ca_file => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
        } else {
                die sprintf(__("CA path \"%s\" does not exist"), $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
        }
}

sub file_name_is_absolute {
        my ($path) = @_;

        # msys does not grok DOS drive-prefixes
        if ($^O eq 'msys') {
                return ($path =~ m#^/# || $path =~ m#^[a-zA-Z]\:#)
        }

        require File::Spec::Functions;
        return File::Spec::Functions::file_name_is_absolute($path);
}

# Returns 1 if the message was sent, and 0 otherwise.
# In actuality, the whole program dies when there
# is an error sending a message.

sub send_message {
        my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
        @cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address_or_die($_);
                      not grep { $cc eq $_ || $_ =~ /<\Q${cc}\E>$/ } @recipients
                    }
               @cc);
        my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
        @recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
        @recipients = (map { extract_valid_address_or_die($_) } @recipients);
        my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
        my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
        if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
            $gitversion = Git::version();
        }

        my $cc = join(",\n\t", unique_email_list(@cc));
        my $ccline = "";
        if ($cc ne '') {
                $ccline = "\nCc: $cc";
        }
        make_message_id() unless defined($message_id);

        my $header = "From: $sender
To: $to${ccline}
Subject: $subject
Date: $date
Message-Id: $message_id
";
        if ($use_xmailer) {
                $header .= "X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion\n";
        }
        if ($in_reply_to) {

                $header .= "In-Reply-To: $in_reply_to\n";
                $header .= "References: $references\n";
        }
        if ($reply_to) {
                $header .= "Reply-To: $reply_to\n";
        }
        if (@xh) {
                $header .= join("\n", @xh) . "\n";
        }

        my @sendmail_parameters = ('-i', @recipients);
        my $raw_from = $sender;
        if (defined $envelope_sender && $envelope_sender ne "auto") {
                $raw_from = $envelope_sender;
        }
        $raw_from = extract_valid_address($raw_from);
        unshift (@sendmail_parameters,
                        '-f', $raw_from) if(defined $envelope_sender);

        if ($needs_confirm && !$dry_run) {
                print "\n$header\n";
                if ($needs_confirm eq "inform") {
                        $confirm_unconfigured = 0; # squelch this message for the rest of this run
                        $ask_default = "y"; # assume yes on EOF since user hasn't explicitly asked for confirmation
                        print __ <<EOF ;
    The Cc list above has been expanded by additional
    addresses found in the patch commit message. By default
    send-email prompts before sending whenever this occurs.
    This behavior is controlled by the sendemail.confirm
    configuration setting.

    For additional information, run 'git send-email --help'.
    To retain the current behavior, but squelch this message,
    run 'git config --global sendemail.confirm auto'.

EOF
                }
                # TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y] [n] [q] [a] in your
                # translation. The program will only accept English input
                # at this point.
                $_ = ask(__("Send this email? ([y]es|[n]o|[q]uit|[a]ll): "),
                         valid_re => qr/^(?:yes|y|no|n|quit|q|all|a)/i,
                         default => $ask_default);
                die __("Send this email reply required") unless defined $_;
                if (/^n/i) {
                        return 0;
                } elsif (/^q/i) {
                        cleanup_compose_files();
                        exit(0);
                } elsif (/^a/i) {
                        $confirm = 'never';
                }
        }

        unshift (@sendmail_parameters, @smtp_server_options);

        if ($dry_run) {
                # We don't want to send the email.
        } elsif (file_name_is_absolute($smtp_server)) {
                my $pid = open my $sm, '|-';
                defined $pid or die $!;
                if (!$pid) {
                        exec($smtp_server, @sendmail_parameters) or die $!;
                }
                print $sm "$header\n$message";
                close $sm or die $!;
        } else {

                if (!defined $smtp_server) {
                        die __("The required SMTP server is not properly defined.")
                }

                require Net::SMTP;
                my $use_net_smtp_ssl = version->parse($Net::SMTP::VERSION) < version->parse("2.34");
                $smtp_domain ||= maildomain();

                if ($smtp_encryption eq 'ssl') {
                        $smtp_server_port ||= 465; # ssmtp
                        require IO::Socket::SSL;

                        # Suppress "variable accessed once" warning.
                        {
                                no warnings 'once';
                                $IO::Socket::SSL::DEBUG = 1;
                        }

                        # Net::SMTP::SSL->new() does not forward any SSL options
                        IO::Socket::SSL::set_client_defaults(
                                ssl_verify_params());

                        if ($use_net_smtp_ssl) {
                                require Net::SMTP::SSL;
                                $smtp ||= Net::SMTP::SSL->new($smtp_server,
                                                              Hello => $smtp_domain,
                                                              Port => $smtp_server_port,
                                                              Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
                        }
                        else {
                                $smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server,
                                                         Hello => $smtp_domain,
                                                         Port => $smtp_server_port,
                                                         Debug => $debug_net_smtp,
                                                         SSL => 1);
                        }
                }
                else {
                        $smtp_server_port ||= 25;
                        $smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server,
                                                 Hello => $smtp_domain,
                                                 Debug => $debug_net_smtp,
                                                 Port => $smtp_server_port);
                        if ($smtp_encryption eq 'tls' && $smtp) {
                                if ($use_net_smtp_ssl) {
                                        $smtp->command('STARTTLS');
                                        $smtp->response();
                                        if ($smtp->code != 220) {
                                                die sprintf(__("Server does not support STARTTLS! %s"), $smtp->message);
                                        }
                                        require Net::SMTP::SSL;
                                        $smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp,
                                                                          ssl_verify_params())
                                                or die sprintf(__("STARTTLS failed! %s"), IO::Socket::SSL::errstr());
                                }
                                else {
                                        $smtp->starttls(ssl_verify_params())
                                                or die sprintf(__("STARTTLS failed! %s"), IO::Socket::SSL::errstr());
                                }
                                $smtp_encryption = '';
                                # Send EHLO again to receive fresh
                                # supported commands
                                $smtp->hello($smtp_domain);
                        }
                }

                if (!$smtp) {
                        die __("Unable to initialize SMTP properly. Check config and use --smtp-debug."),
                            " VALUES: server=$smtp_server ",
                            "encryption=$smtp_encryption ",
                            "hello=$smtp_domain",
                            defined $smtp_server_port ? " port=$smtp_server_port" : "";
                }

                smtp_auth_maybe or die $smtp->message;

                $smtp->mail( $raw_from ) or die $smtp->message;
                $smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
                $smtp->data or die $smtp->message;
                $smtp->datasend("$header\n") or die $smtp->message;
                my @lines = split /^/, $message;
                foreach my $line (@lines) {
                        $smtp->datasend("$line") or die $smtp->message;
                }
                $smtp->dataend() or die $smtp->message;
                $smtp->code =~ /250|200/ or die sprintf(__("Failed to send %s\n"), $subject).$smtp->message;
        }
        if ($quiet) {
                printf($dry_run ? __("Dry-Sent %s\n") : __("Sent %s\n"), $subject);
        } else {
                print($dry_run ? __("Dry-OK. Log says:\n") : __("OK. Log says:\n"));
                if (!file_name_is_absolute($smtp_server)) {
                        print "Server: $smtp_server\n";
                        print "MAIL FROM:<$raw_from>\n";
                        foreach my $entry (@recipients) {
                            print "RCPT TO:<$entry>\n";
                        }
                } else {
                        print "Sendmail: $smtp_server ".join(' ',@sendmail_parameters)."\n";
                }
                print $header, "\n";
                if ($smtp) {
                        print __("Result: "), $smtp->code, ' ',
                                ($smtp->message =~ /\n([^\n]+\n)$/s), "\n";
                } else {
                        print __("Result: OK\n");
                }
        }

        return 1;
}

$in_reply_to = $initial_in_reply_to;
$references = $initial_in_reply_to || '';
$subject = $initial_subject;
$message_num = 0;

foreach my $t (@files) {
        open my $fh, "<", $t or die sprintf(__("can't open file %s"), $t);

        my $author = undef;
        my $sauthor = undef;
        my $author_encoding;
        my $has_content_type;
        my $body_encoding;
        my $xfer_encoding;
        my $has_mime_version;
        @to = ();
        @cc = ();
        @xh = ();
        my $input_format = undef;
        my @header = ();
        $message = "";
        $message_num++;
        # First unfold multiline header fields
        while(<$fh>) {
                last if /^\s*$/;
                if (/^\s+\S/ and @header) {
                        chomp($header[$#header]);
                        s/^\s+/ /;
                        $header[$#header] .= $_;
            } else {
                        push(@header, $_);
                }
        }
        # Now parse the header
        foreach(@header) {
                if (/^From /) {
                        $input_format = 'mbox';
                        next;
                }
                chomp;
                if (!defined $input_format && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s/) {
                        $input_format = 'mbox';
                }

                if (defined $input_format && $input_format eq 'mbox') {
                        if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/i) {
                                $subject = $1;
                        }
                        elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/i) {
                                ($author, $author_encoding) = unquote_rfc2047($1);
                                $sauthor = sanitize_address($author);
                                next if $suppress_cc{'author'};
                                next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $sauthor eq $sender;
                                printf(__("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                        $1, $_) unless $quiet;
                                push @cc, $1;
                        }
                        elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/i) {
                                foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
                                        printf(__("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                                $addr, $_) unless $quiet;
                                        push @to, $addr;
                                }
                        }
                        elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/i) {
                                foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
                                        my $qaddr = unquote_rfc2047($addr);
                                        my $saddr = sanitize_address($qaddr);
                                        if ($saddr eq $sender) {
                                                next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
                                        } else {
                                                next if ($suppress_cc{'cc'});
                                        }
                                        printf(__("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                                $addr, $_) unless $quiet;
                                        push @cc, $addr;
                                }
                        }
                        elsif (/^Content-type:/i) {
                                $has_content_type = 1;
                                if (/charset="?([^ "]+)/) {
                                        $body_encoding = $1;
                                }
                                push @xh, $_;
                        }
                        elsif (/^MIME-Version/i) {
                                $has_mime_version = 1;
                                push @xh, $_;
                        }
                        elsif (/^Message-Id: (.*)/i) {
                                $message_id = $1;
                        }
                        elsif (/^Content-Transfer-Encoding: (.*)/i) {
                                $xfer_encoding = $1 if not defined $xfer_encoding;
                        }
                        elsif (!/^Date:\s/i && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
                                push @xh, $_;
                        }

                } else {
                        # In the traditional
                        # "send lots of email" format,
                        # line 1 = cc
                        # line 2 = subject
                        # So let's support that, too.
                        $input_format = 'lots';
                        if (@cc == 0 && !$suppress_cc{'cc'}) {
                                printf(__("(non-mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                        $_, $_) unless $quiet;
                                push @cc, $_;
                        } elsif (!defined $subject) {
                                $subject = $_;
                        }
                }
        }
        # Now parse the message body
        while(<$fh>) {
                $message .=  $_;
                if (/^(Signed-off-by|Cc): (.*)/i) {
                        chomp;
                        my ($what, $c) = ($1, $2);
                        # strip garbage for the address we'll use:
                        $c = strip_garbage_one_address($c);
                        # sanitize a bit more to decide whether to suppress the address:
                        my $sc = sanitize_address($c);
                        if ($sc eq $sender) {
                                next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
                        } else {
                                next if $suppress_cc{'sob'} and $what =~ /Signed-off-by/i;
                                next if $suppress_cc{'bodycc'} and $what =~ /Cc/i;
                        }
                        push @cc, $c;
                        printf(__("(body) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                $c, $_) unless $quiet;
                }
        }
        close $fh;

        push @to, recipients_cmd("to-cmd", "to", $to_cmd, $t)
                if defined $to_cmd;
        push @cc, recipients_cmd("cc-cmd", "cc", $cc_cmd, $t)
                if defined $cc_cmd && !$suppress_cc{'cccmd'};

        if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !$has_content_type) {
                $xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
                $has_content_type = 1;
                push @xh, "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$auto_8bit_encoding";
                $body_encoding = $auto_8bit_encoding;
        }

        if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !is_rfc2047_quoted($subject)) {
                $subject = quote_subject($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
        }

        if (defined $sauthor and $sauthor ne $sender) {
                $message = "From: $author\n\n$message";
                if (defined $author_encoding) {
                        if ($has_content_type) {
                                if ($body_encoding eq $author_encoding) {
                                        # ok, we already have the right encoding
                                }
                                else {
                                        # uh oh, we should re-encode
                                }
                        }
                        else {
                                $xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
                                $has_content_type = 1;
                                push @xh,
                                  "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$author_encoding";
                        }
                }
        }
        if (defined $target_xfer_encoding) {
                $xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
                $message = apply_transfer_encoding(
                        $message, $xfer_encoding, $target_xfer_encoding);
                $xfer_encoding = $target_xfer_encoding;
        }
        if (defined $xfer_encoding) {
                push @xh, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: $xfer_encoding";
        }
        if (defined $xfer_encoding or $has_content_type) {
                unshift @xh, 'MIME-Version: 1.0' unless $has_mime_version;
        }

        $needs_confirm = (
                $confirm eq "always" or
                ($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|cc)$/ && @cc) or
                ($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|compose)$/ && $compose && $message_num == 1));
        $needs_confirm = "inform" if ($needs_confirm && $confirm_unconfigured && @cc);

        @to = process_address_list(@to);
        @cc = process_address_list(@cc);

        @to = (@initial_to, @to);
        @cc = (@initial_cc, @cc);

        if ($message_num == 1) {
                if (defined $cover_cc and $cover_cc) {
                        @initial_cc = @cc;
                }
                if (defined $cover_to and $cover_to) {
                        @initial_to = @to;
                }
        }

        my $message_was_sent = send_message();

        # set up for the next message
        if ($thread && $message_was_sent &&
                ($chain_reply_to || !defined $in_reply_to || length($in_reply_to) == 0 ||
                $message_num == 1)) {
                $in_reply_to = $message_id;
                if (length $references > 0) {
                        $references .= "\n $message_id";
                } else {
                        $references = "$message_id";
                }
        }
        $message_id = undef;
        $num_sent++;
        if (defined $batch_size && $num_sent == $batch_size) {
                $num_sent = 0;
                $smtp->quit if defined $smtp;
                undef $smtp;
                undef $auth;
                sleep($relogin_delay) if defined $relogin_delay;
        }
}

# Execute a command (e.g. $to_cmd) to get a list of email addresses
# and return a results array
sub recipients_cmd {
        my ($prefix, $what, $cmd, $file) = @_;

        my @addresses = ();
        open my $fh, "-|", "$cmd \Q$file\E"
            or die sprintf(__("(%s) Could not execute '%s'"), $prefix, $cmd);
        while (my $address = <$fh>) {
                $address =~ s/^\s*//g;
                $address =~ s/\s*$//g;
                $address = sanitize_address($address);
                next if ($address eq $sender and $suppress_cc{'self'});
                push @addresses, $address;
                printf(__("(%s) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n"),
                       $prefix, $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
                }
        close $fh
            or die sprintf(__("(%s) failed to close pipe to '%s'"), $prefix, $cmd);
        return @addresses;
}

cleanup_compose_files();

sub cleanup_compose_files {
        unlink($compose_filename, $compose_filename . ".final") if $compose;
}

$smtp->quit if $smtp;

sub apply_transfer_encoding {
        my $message = shift;
        my $from = shift;
        my $to = shift;

        return $message if ($from eq $to and $from ne '7bit');

        require MIME::QuotedPrint;
        require MIME::Base64;

        $message = MIME::QuotedPrint::decode($message)
                if ($from eq 'quoted-printable');
        $message = MIME::Base64::decode($message)
                if ($from eq 'base64');

        die __("cannot send message as 7bit")
                if ($to eq '7bit' and $message =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/);
        return $message
                if ($to eq '7bit' or $to eq '8bit');
        return MIME::QuotedPrint::encode($message, "\n", 0)
                if ($to eq 'quoted-printable');
        return MIME::Base64::encode($message, "\n")
                if ($to eq 'base64');
        die __("invalid transfer encoding");
}

sub unique_email_list {
        my %seen;
        my @emails;

        foreach my $entry (@_) {
                my $clean = extract_valid_address_or_die($entry);
                $seen{$clean} ||= 0;
                next if $seen{$clean}++;
                push @emails, $entry;
        }
        return @emails;
}

sub validate_patch {
        my $fn = shift;

        if ($repo) {
                my $validate_hook = catfile(catdir($repo->repo_path(), 'hooks'),
                                            'sendemail-validate');
                my $hook_error;
                if (-x $validate_hook) {
                        my $target = abs_path($fn);
                        # The hook needs a correct cwd and GIT_DIR.
                        my $cwd_save = cwd();
                        chdir($repo->wc_path() or $repo->repo_path())
                                or die("chdir: $!");
                        local $ENV{"GIT_DIR"} = $repo->repo_path();
                        $hook_error = "rejected by sendemail-validate hook"
                                if system($validate_hook, $target);
                        chdir($cwd_save) or die("chdir: $!");
                }
                return $hook_error if $hook_error;
        }

        open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
                or die sprintf(__("unable to open %s: %s\n"), $fn, $!);
        while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                if (length($line) > 998) {
                        return sprintf(__("%s: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters"), $.);
                }
        }
        return;
}

sub handle_backup {
        my ($last, $lastlen, $file, $known_suffix) = @_;
        my ($suffix, $skip);

        $skip = 0;
        if (defined $last &&
            ($lastlen < length($file)) &&
            (substr($file, 0, $lastlen) eq $last) &&
            ($suffix = substr($file, $lastlen)) !~ /^[a-z0-9]/i) {
                if (defined $known_suffix && $suffix eq $known_suffix) {
                        printf(__("Skipping %s with backup suffix '%s'.\n"), $file, $known_suffix);
                        $skip = 1;
                } else {
                        # TRANSLATORS: please keep "[y|N]" as is.
                        my $answer = ask(sprintf(__("Do you really want to send %s? [y|N]: "), $file),
                                         valid_re => qr/^(?:y|n)/i,
                                         default => 'n');
                        $skip = ($answer ne 'y');
                        if ($skip) {
                                $known_suffix = $suffix;
                        }
                }
        }
        return ($skip, $known_suffix);
}

sub handle_backup_files {
        my @file = @_;
        my ($last, $lastlen, $known_suffix, $skip, @result);
        for my $file (@file) {
                ($skip, $known_suffix) = handle_backup($last, $lastlen,
                                                       $file, $known_suffix);
                push @result, $file unless $skip;
                $last = $file;
                $lastlen = length($file);
        }
        return @result;
}

sub file_has_nonascii {
        my $fn = shift;
        open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
                or die sprintf(__("unable to open %s: %s\n"), $fn, $!);
        while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                return 1 if $line =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/;
        }
        return 0;
}

sub body_or_subject_has_nonascii {
        my $fn = shift;
        open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
                or die sprintf(__("unable to open %s: %s\n"), $fn, $!);
        while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                last if $line =~ /^$/;
                return 1 if $line =~ /^Subject.*[^[:ascii:]]/;
        }
        while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                return 1 if $line =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/;
        }
        return 0;
}