1git-reset(1) 2============ 3 4NAME 5---- 6git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state 7 8SYNOPSIS 9-------- 10'git-reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard] [<commit-ish>] 11 12DESCRIPTION 13----------- 14Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the 15index and working tree to match. 16 17This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent 18commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing 19the undo in the history. 20 21If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch, 22gitlink:git-revert[1] is your friend. 23 24OPTIONS 25------- 26--mixed:: 27 Resets the index but not the working tree (ie, the changed files 28 are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not 29 been updated. This is the default action. 30 31--soft:: 32 Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but 33 requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed 34 files "Updated but not checked in", as gitlink:git-status[1] would 35 put it. 36 37--hard:: 38 Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being 39 switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree 40 since <commit-ish> are lost. 41 42<commit-ish>:: 43 Commit to make the current HEAD. 44 45Examples 46~~~~~~~~ 47 48Undo a commit and redo:: 49+ 50------------ 51$ git commit ... 52$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1> 53$ edit <2> 54$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3> 55------------ 56+ 57<1> This is most often done when you remembered what you 58just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit 59message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset". 60<2> make corrections to working tree files. 61<3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the 62commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to 63edit the message further, you can give -C option instead. 64 65Undo commits permanently:: 66+ 67------------ 68$ git commit ... 69$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1> 70------------ 71+ 72<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad 73and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if 74you have already given these commits to somebody else. 75 76Undo a commit, making it a topic branch:: 77+ 78------------ 79$ git branch topic/wip <1> 80$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2> 81$ git checkout topic/wip <3> 82------------ 83+ 84<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature 85to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing 86them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the 87current HEAD. 88<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits. 89<3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working. 90 91Undo update-index:: 92+ 93------------ 94$ edit <1> 95$ git-update-index frotz.c filfre.c 96$ mailx <2> 97$ git reset <3> 98$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4> 99------------ 100+ 101<1> you are happily working on something, and find the changes 102in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them 103when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files 104and changes with these files are distracting. 105<2> somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging. 106<3> however, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does 107not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going 108to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the 109index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree 110remain there. 111<4> then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c 112changes still in the working tree. 113 114Undo a merge or pull:: 115+ 116------------ 117$ git pull <1> 118Trying really trivial in-index merge... 119fatal: Merge requires file-level merging 120Nope. 121... 122Auto-merging nitfol 123CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol 124Automatic merge failed/prevented; fix up by hand 125$ git reset --hard <2> 126$ git pull . topic/branch <3> 127Updating from 41223... to 13134... 128Fast forward 129$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4> 130------------ 131+ 132<1> try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of 133conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging 134right now, so you decide to do that later. 135<2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard" 136which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess 137from the index file and the working tree. 138<3> merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted 139in a fast forward. 140<4> but you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public 141consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original 142tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it 143brings your index file and the working tree back to that state, 144and resets the tip of the branch to that commit. 145 146Interrupted workflow:: 147+ 148Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you 149are in the middle of a large change. The files in your 150working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you 151need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix. 152+ 153------------ 154$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and 155$ work work work ;# got interrupted 156$ git commit -a -m 'snapshot WIP' <1> 157$ git checkout master 158$ fix fix fix 159$ git commit ;# commit with real log 160$ git checkout feature 161$ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2> 162$ git reset <3> 163------------ 164+ 165<1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK. 166<2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets 167 your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot. 168<3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you 169 committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your 170 WIP files as uncommitted. 171 172Author 173------ 174Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> 175 176Documentation 177-------------- 178Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. 179 180GIT 181--- 182Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite