1Commit Limiting 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 4Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the 5special notations explained in the description, additional commit 6limiting may be applied. 7 8Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g. 9`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it 10with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message 11has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted. 12 13Note that these are applied before commit 14ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`. 15 16-- 17 18-<number>:: 19-n <number>:: 20--max-count=<number>:: 21 Limit the number of commits to output. 22 23--skip=<number>:: 24 Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output. 25 26--since=<date>:: 27--after=<date>:: 28 Show commits more recent than a specific date. 29 30--until=<date>:: 31--before=<date>:: 32 Show commits older than a specific date. 33 34ifdef::git-rev-list[] 35--max-age=<timestamp>:: 36--min-age=<timestamp>:: 37 Limit the commits output to specified time range. 38endif::git-rev-list[] 39 40--author=<pattern>:: 41--committer=<pattern>:: 42 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer 43 header lines that match the specified pattern (regular 44 expression). With more than one `--author=<pattern>`, 45 commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are 46 chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`). 47 48--grep-reflog=<pattern>:: 49 Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that 50 match the specified pattern (regular expression). With 51 more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message 52 matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an 53 error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use. 54 55--grep=<pattern>:: 56 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that 57 matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With 58 more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message 59 matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see 60 `--all-match`). 61+ 62When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes is 63matched as if it were part of the log message. 64 65--all-match:: 66 Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`, 67 instead of ones that match at least one. 68 69--invert-grep:: 70 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not 71 match the pattern specified with `--grep=<pattern>`. 72 73-i:: 74--regexp-ignore-case:: 75 Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter 76 case. 77 78--basic-regexp:: 79 Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions; 80 this is the default. 81 82-E:: 83--extended-regexp:: 84 Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions 85 instead of the default basic regular expressions. 86 87-F:: 88--fixed-strings:: 89 Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret 90 pattern as a regular expression). 91 92--perl-regexp:: 93 Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions. 94 Requires libpcre to be compiled in. 95 96--remove-empty:: 97 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree. 98 99--merges:: 100 Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`. 101 102--no-merges:: 103 Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is 104 exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`. 105 106--min-parents=<number>:: 107--max-parents=<number>:: 108--no-min-parents:: 109--no-max-parents:: 110 Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent 111 commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`, 112 `--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`. `--max-parents=0` 113 gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges. 114+ 115`--no-min-parents` and `--no-max-parents` reset these limits (to no limit) 116again. Equivalent forms are `--min-parents=0` (any commit has 0 or more 117parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). 118 119--first-parent:: 120 Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge 121 commit. This option can give a better overview when 122 viewing the evolution of a particular topic branch, 123 because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about 124 adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and 125 this option allows you to ignore the individual commits 126 brought in to your history by such a merge. Cannot be 127 combined with --bisect. 128 129--not:: 130 Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof) 131 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`. 132 133--all:: 134 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/` are listed on the 135 command line as '<commit>'. 136 137--branches[=<pattern>]:: 138 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed 139 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 140 branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', 141 '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 142 143--tags[=<pattern>]:: 144 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed 145 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 146 tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', 147 or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 148 149--remotes[=<pattern>]:: 150 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed 151 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 152 remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob. 153 If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 154 155--glob=<glob-pattern>:: 156 Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob '<glob-pattern>' 157 are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. Leading 'refs/', 158 is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', 159 or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 160 161--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: 162 163 Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, 164 `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise 165 consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns 166 up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or 167 `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear 168 accumulated patterns). 169+ 170The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or 171`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, 172respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` 173or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given 174explicitly. 175 176--reflog:: 177 Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the 178 command line as `<commit>`. 179 180--ignore-missing:: 181 Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if 182 the bad input was not given. 183 184ifndef::git-rev-list[] 185--bisect:: 186 Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad` 187 was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good 188 bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command 189 line. Cannot be combined with --first-parent. 190endif::git-rev-list[] 191 192--stdin:: 193 In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command 194 line, read them from the standard input. If a '--' separator is 195 seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the 196 result. 197 198ifdef::git-rev-list[] 199--quiet:: 200 Don't print anything to standard output. This form 201 is primarily meant to allow the caller to 202 test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully 203 connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout 204 to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted. 205endif::git-rev-list[] 206 207--cherry-mark:: 208 Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits 209 with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`. 210 211--cherry-pick:: 212 Omit any commit that introduces the same change as 213 another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of 214 commits are limited with symmetric difference. 215+ 216For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way 217to list all commits on only one side of them is with 218`--left-right` (see the example below in the description of 219the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were 220cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be 221cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are 222excluded from the output. 223 224--left-only:: 225--right-only:: 226 List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric range, 227 i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by 228 `--left-right`. 229+ 230For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those 231commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in 232`A`. In other words, this lists the `+` commits from `git cherry A B`. 233More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact 234list. 235 236--cherry:: 237 A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to 238 limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that 239 have been applied to the other side of a forked history with 240 `git log --cherry upstream...mybranch`, similar to 241 `git cherry upstream mybranch`. 242 243-g:: 244--walk-reflogs:: 245 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk 246 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones. 247 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to 248 exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2', 249 and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used). 250+ 251With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons), 252this causes the output to have two extra lines of information 253taken from the reflog. By default, 'commit@\{Nth}' notation is 254used in the output. When the starting commit is specified as 255'commit@\{now}', output also uses 'commit@\{timestamp}' notation 256instead. Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is 257prefixed with this information on the same line. 258This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`. 259See also linkgit:git-reflog[1]. 260 261--merge:: 262 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a 263 conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge. 264 265--boundary:: 266 Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are 267 prefixed with `-`. 268 269ifdef::git-rev-list[] 270--use-bitmap-index:: 271 272 Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if 273 one is available). Note that when traversing with `--objects`, 274 trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed. 275endif::git-rev-list[] 276 277-- 278 279History Simplification 280~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 281 282Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the 283commits modifying a particular <path>. But there are two parts of 284'History Simplification', one part is selecting the commits and the other 285is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history. 286 287The following options select the commits to be shown: 288 289<paths>:: 290 Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected. 291 292--simplify-by-decoration:: 293 Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected. 294 295Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history. 296 297The following options affect the way the simplification is performed: 298 299Default mode:: 300 Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the 301 final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side 302 branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches 303 with the same content) 304 305--full-history:: 306 Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history. 307 308--dense:: 309 Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a 310 meaningful history. 311 312--sparse:: 313 All commits in the simplified history are shown. 314 315--simplify-merges:: 316 Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless 317 merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected 318 commits contributing to this merge. 319 320--ancestry-path:: 321 When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2' 322 or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist 323 directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and 324 'commit2', i.e. commits that are both descendants of 'commit1', 325 and ancestors of 'commit2'. 326 327A more detailed explanation follows. 328 329Suppose you specified `foo` as the <paths>. We shall call commits 330that modify `foo` !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME. (In a diff 331filtered for `foo`, they look different and equal, respectively.) 332 333In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to 334illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume 335that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph: 336----------------------------------------------------------------------- 337 .-A---M---N---O---P---Q 338 / / / / / / 339 I B C D E Y 340 \ / / / / / 341 `-------------' X 342----------------------------------------------------------------------- 343The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of 344each merge. The commits are: 345 346* `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents 347 ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial 348 commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. 349 350* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''. 351 352* `B` contains the same change as `A`. Its merge `M` is trivial and 353 hence TREESAME to all parents. 354 355* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'', 356 so it is not TREESAME to any parent. 357 358* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from 359 `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent. 360 361* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the 362 strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`. 363 364* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y` 365 modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and 366 `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`. 367 368`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding 369commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting 370(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings 371are available. 372 373Default mode:: 374 Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent 375 (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). If the 376 commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow 377 only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME 378 parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all 379 parents. 380+ 381This results in: 382+ 383----------------------------------------------------------------------- 384 .-A---N---O 385 / / / 386 I---------D 387----------------------------------------------------------------------- 388+ 389Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is 390available, removed `B` from consideration entirely. `C` was 391considered via `N`, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an 392empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. 393+ 394Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does 395not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the 396parent lines. 397 398--full-history without parent rewriting:: 399 This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow 400 all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them. 401 Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are 402 included, this does not imply that the merge itself is! In 403 the example, we get 404+ 405----------------------------------------------------------------------- 406 I A B N D O P Q 407----------------------------------------------------------------------- 408+ 409`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. `E`, 410`C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others 411do not appear. 412+ 413Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk 414about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show 415them disconnected. 416 417--full-history with parent rewriting:: 418 Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME 419 (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). 420+ 421Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten: 422Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included 423themselves. This results in 424+ 425----------------------------------------------------------------------- 426 .-A---M---N---O---P---Q 427 / / / / / 428 I B / D / 429 \ / / / / 430 `-------------' 431----------------------------------------------------------------------- 432+ 433Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above. Note that `E` 434was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was 435rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`. The same happened for `C` and 436`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`. 437 438In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME 439affects inclusion: 440 441--dense:: 442 Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME 443 to any parent. 444 445--sparse:: 446 All commits that are walked are included. 447+ 448Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if 449one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other 450sides of the merge are never walked. 451 452--simplify-merges:: 453 First, build a history graph in the same way that 454 `--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above). 455+ 456Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final 457history according to the following rules: 458+ 459-- 460* Set `C'` to `C`. 461+ 462* Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`. In 463 the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are 464 root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care 465 to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to. 466+ 467* If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has 468 zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains. 469 Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent. 470-- 471+ 472The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to 473`--full-history` with parent rewriting. The example turns into: 474+ 475----------------------------------------------------------------------- 476 .-A---M---N---O 477 / / / 478 I B D 479 \ / / 480 `---------' 481----------------------------------------------------------------------- 482+ 483Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`: 484+ 485-- 486* `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the 487 other parent `M`. Still, `N` remained because it is !TREESAME. 488+ 489* `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed. `P` was then 490 removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME. 491+ 492* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it 493 was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one 494 parent and is TREESAME. 495-- 496 497Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available: 498 499--ancestry-path:: 500 Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry 501 chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit 502 range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to'' 503 commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit. 504+ 505As an example use case, consider the following commit history: 506+ 507----------------------------------------------------------------------- 508 D---E-------F 509 / \ \ 510 B---C---G---H---I---J 511 / \ 512 A-------K---------------L--M 513----------------------------------------------------------------------- 514+ 515A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`, 516but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see 517what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense 518that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this 519example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself, 520of course). 521+ 522When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the 523bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view 524only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e. 525excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path` 526option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in: 527+ 528----------------------------------------------------------------------- 529 E-------F 530 \ \ 531 G---H---I---J 532 \ 533 L--M 534----------------------------------------------------------------------- 535 536The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the 537big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits 538that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME 539(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described 540above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the 541contents of the paths given on the command line. All other 542commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away). 543 544ifdef::git-rev-list[] 545Bisection Helpers 546~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 547 548--bisect:: 549 Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between 550 included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref 551 `refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it 552 exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are 553 added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there 554 are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if 555+ 556----------------------------------------------------------------------- 557 $ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz 558----------------------------------------------------------------------- 559+ 560outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands 561+ 562----------------------------------------------------------------------- 563 $ git rev-list foo ^midpoint 564 $ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz 565----------------------------------------------------------------------- 566+ 567would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which 568introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly 569generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length 570one. Cannot be combined with --first-parent. 571 572--bisect-vars:: 573 This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in 574 `refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs 575 text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the 576 name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the 577 expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested 578 to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if 579 `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected 580 number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to 581 `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to 582 `bisect_all`. 583 584--bisect-all:: 585 This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded 586 commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded 587 commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest 588 from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by 589 `--bisect`.) 590+ 591This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to 592test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they 593may not compile for example). 594+ 595This option can be used along with `--bisect-vars`, in this case, 596after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if 597`--bisect-vars` had been used alone. 598endif::git-rev-list[] 599 600 601Commit Ordering 602~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 603 604By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order. 605 606--date-order:: 607 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but 608 otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order. 609 610--author-date-order:: 611 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but 612 otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order. 613 614--topo-order:: 615 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and 616 avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history 617 intermixed. 618+ 619For example, in a commit history like this: 620+ 621---------------------------------------------------------------- 622 623 ---1----2----4----7 624 \ \ 625 3----5----6----8--- 626 627---------------------------------------------------------------- 628+ 629where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git 630rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the 631timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. 632+ 633With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5 6343 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to 635avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed 636together. 637 638--reverse:: 639 Output the commits in reverse order. 640 Cannot be combined with `--walk-reflogs`. 641 642Object Traversal 643~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 644 645These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories. 646 647ifdef::git-rev-list[] 648--objects:: 649 Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed 650 commits. `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me 651 all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit 652 object _bar_ but not _foo_''. 653 654--objects-edge:: 655 Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded 656 commits prefixed with a ``-'' character. This is used by 657 linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build a ``thin'' pack, which records 658 objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these 659 excluded commits to reduce network traffic. 660 661--objects-edge-aggressive:: 662 Similar to `--objects-edge`, but it tries harder to find excluded 663 commits at the cost of increased time. This is used instead of 664 `--objects-edge` to build ``thin'' packs for shallow repositories. 665 666--indexed-objects:: 667 Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed 668 on the command line. Note that you probably want to use 669 `--objects`, too. 670 671--unpacked:: 672 Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not 673 in packs. 674endif::git-rev-list[] 675 676--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]:: 677 Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors. 678 This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument 679 `unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were 680 given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument 681 was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order 682 by commit time. 683 Cannot be combined with `--graph`. 684 685--do-walk:: 686 Overrides a previous `--no-walk`. 687 688Commit Formatting 689~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 690 691ifdef::git-rev-list[] 692Using these options, linkgit:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the 693more specialized family of commit log tools: linkgit:git-log[1], 694linkgit:git-show[1], and linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] 695endif::git-rev-list[] 696 697include::pretty-options.txt[] 698 699--relative-date:: 700 Synonym for `--date=relative`. 701 702--date=(relative|local|default|iso|iso-strict|rfc|short|raw):: 703 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such 704 as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default 705 value for the log command's `--date` option. 706+ 707`--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time, 708e.g. ``2 hours ago''. 709+ 710`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local time zone. 711+ 712`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format. 713The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are: 714 715 - a space instead of the `T` date/time delimiter 716 - a space between time and time zone 717 - no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone 718 719+ 720`--date=iso-strict` (or `--date=iso8601-strict`) shows timestamps in strict 721ISO 8601 format. 722+ 723`--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 724format, often found in email messages. 725+ 726`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format. 727+ 728`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format. 729+ 730`--date=format:...` feeds the format `...` to your system `strftime`. 731Use `--date=format:%c` to show the date in your system locale's 732preferred format. See the `strftime` manual for a complete list of 733format placeholders. 734+ 735`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original time zone 736(either committer's or author's). 737 738ifdef::git-rev-list[] 739--header:: 740 Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is 741 separated with a NUL character. 742endif::git-rev-list[] 743 744--parents:: 745 Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent..."). 746 Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 747 748--children:: 749 Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child..."). 750 Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 751 752ifdef::git-rev-list[] 753--timestamp:: 754 Print the raw commit timestamp. 755endif::git-rev-list[] 756 757--left-right:: 758 Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from. 759 Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from 760 the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those 761 commits are prefixed with `-`. 762+ 763For example, if you have this topology: 764+ 765----------------------------------------------------------------------- 766 y---b---b branch B 767 / \ / 768 / . 769 / / \ 770 o---x---a---a branch A 771----------------------------------------------------------------------- 772+ 773you would get an output like this: 774+ 775----------------------------------------------------------------------- 776 $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B 777 778 >bbbbbbb... 3rd on b 779 >bbbbbbb... 2nd on b 780 <aaaaaaa... 3rd on a 781 <aaaaaaa... 2nd on a 782 -yyyyyyy... 1st on b 783 -xxxxxxx... 1st on a 784----------------------------------------------------------------------- 785 786--graph:: 787 Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history 788 on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines 789 to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history 790 to be drawn properly. 791 Cannot be combined with `--no-walk`. 792+ 793This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 794+ 795This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the 796`--date-order` option may also be specified. 797 798--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]:: 799 When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened 800 which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits 801 do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier 802 in between them in that case. If `<barrier>` is specified, it 803 is the string that will be shown instead of the default one. 804 805ifdef::git-rev-list[] 806--count:: 807 Print a number stating how many commits would have been 808 listed, and suppress all other output. When used together 809 with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and 810 right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with 811 `--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these 812 counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated 813 by a tab. 814endif::git-rev-list[] 815 816ifndef::git-rev-list[] 817Diff Formatting 818~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 819 820Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output. 821Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff 822options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. 823 824-c:: 825 With this option, diff output for a merge commit 826 shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result 827 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent 828 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files 829 which were modified from all parents. 830 831--cc:: 832 This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the 833 patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in 834 the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks 835 one of them without modification. 836 837-m:: 838 This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like 839 regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry 840 and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against 841 the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given; 842 in that case, the output represents the changes the merge 843 brought _into_ the then-current branch. 844 845-r:: 846 Show recursive diffs. 847 848-t:: 849 Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`. 850endif::git-rev-list[]